199:(ogre), a river of flames, and a gigantic tree. After the long and arduous ordeal, he meets the Kimnara king who asks the prince to prove his sincerity with various tests assessing strength, perseverance, and wit. In the first test, Sudhana is made to lift a stone bench in the garden. The second task tested his skill with the bow and arrow. The final test is to identify which of seven identical women is Manohara, who he recognizes by the ring on her finger. Satisfied, the Kimnara king consents to their marriage and the couple returns to Panchala.
290:. In these stories, seven women who can fly descended to earth to take a bath, the youngest and prettiest of whom was captured by a human, and subsequently became a wife of a male human (either her captor or the prince-hero of the story). Later in the stories, the heroine put on some magical thing that enabled her to fly or transform into a bird, and flew away; prompting the quest by the hero in pursuit of his flying wife.
36:
186:
Later, when the prince is away in battle, Manohara is accused by the royal counselor of bringing bad luck to the city and is threatened with death. She flies away, back to the
Kimnara kingdom. She leaves behind a ring and the directions to reach the Kimnara kingdom so that Prince Sudhana can follow
194:
and follows her. From a hermit, he learns the language of animals to locate the
Kimnara kingdom, and the necessary prayers to win back the princess. The journey takes seven years, seven months, and seven days. Along the way, Sudhana confronts a
179:. One day, she travels to the human realm. She is caught by a hunter (using a magic noose in some versions) who gives her to Prince Sudhana. Son of King Adityavamsa and Queen Chandradevi, Sudhana is a renowned archer and heir to the
318:). Her future husband, Prince Sudhana Sudhanu (Meaning: Golden Bow) was prince of panchala. In this version, the princesses fly by the use of an enchanted girdle, and the Manohara-like maiden is captured by a magical slipknot.
1691:
1142:
OâBrien, Kate (2016). "The Tale of
Sudhana and ManoharÄ on Candi Jago: An Interpretation of a Series of Narrative Bas-reliefs on a 13th-Century East Javanese Monument". In Acri, Andrea (ed.).
472:
345:, hunter Utpala captures a Kinnari (unnamed in the tale) with a magical noose. Prince Sudhana of HastinĂĄ arrives with his hunting excursion and falls in love with the Kinnari.
1720:
1046:
314:, one of the nine royal daughters that live in a silver mountain, located after "a belt of prickly cane", "a stream of liquid copper" and a "Beloo"(
1825:
1815:
1023:
Haribhatta (2017). "SUDHANA AND THE FAIRY PRINCESS. As Prince
Sudhana, the Bodhisattva undergoes many trials to be reunited with his fairy wife".
1194:
Degener, Almuth (2013). "Mighty
Animals and Powerful Women: On the Function of Some Motifs from Folk Literature in the Khotanese Sudhanavadana".
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The
Sudhana-Manohara tale in Thai: A comparative study based on two texts from the National Library, Bangkok and Wat Machimawat, Songkhla
1830:
1602:
1805:
744:
119:
893:
Plowright, Poh Sim (November 1998). "The Art of Manora: an
Ancient Tale of Feminine Power Preserved in South-East Asian Theatre".
1649:
1643:
411:
286:
180:
57:
1697:
1747:
100:
1845:
963:
Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1966). "The Story of
Sudhana and ManoharÄ: An Analysis of the Texts and the Borobudur Reliefs".
561:
Jaini, Padmanabh S. (1966). "The Story of
Sudhana and ManoharÄ: An Analysis of the Texts and the Borobudur Reliefs".
72:
458:
1840:
1614:
848:. Volume II. Translated from the Buddhist Sanskrit by J. J. Jones. London: Luzac and Company LTD. 1952. pp. 91-111.
24:
858:
Diamond, Catherine (February 2005). "Red Lotus in the Twenty-First
Century: Dilemmas in the Lao Performing Arts".
46:
53:
79:
1835:
1434:
250:
around AD 1450â1470, also told the story of Sudhana and Manohara. There are also many similar versions told in
20:
1850:
1759:
1578:
1089:
86:
810:. Tome I. Ăcole Pratique de Hautes Studes - Paris. Paris: Mouton & Co./La Haye. 1962. pp. 657-658.
1427:
1001:
682:
232:
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68:
1196:
Multilingualism and History of Knowledge: Vol. I: Buddhism among the Iranian Peoples of Central Asia
1161:
Multilingualism and History of Knowledge: Vol. I: Buddhism among the Iranian Peoples of Central Asia
1025:
Once a Peacock, Once an Actress: Twenty-Four Lives of the Bodhisattva from Haribhatta's "Jatakamala"
303:
According to James R. Brandon, the story of Manohara is a popular theme in Southeast Asian theatre.
1529:
228:
216:
212:
1554:
920:
Sooi-Beng, Tan (1988). "The Thai 'Menora' in Malaysia: Adapting to the Penang Chinese Community".
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Porée-Maspero, Eveline (1962). "III. Le cycle des douze animaux dans la vie des Cambodgiens".
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341:, where the main couple were named MahonarĂĄ and Sudhanusha. In another version from Nepal,
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1027:. Translated by Khoroche, Peter. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 147â175.
1231:"Inspired Poetry: ĆÄntÄkaragupta's Play on the Legend of Prince Sudhana and the KinnarÄ«"
1679:
1009:. International Conference on Thai Studies. Chulalongkorn University. pp. 197â213.
629:
486:
425:
421:
376:
156:
653:
Yousof, Ghulam-sarwar (1 January 1982). "Nora Chatri in Kedah: A Preliminary Report".
93:
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The tale was also found in the Sanskrit Buddhist literature of Nepal, with the name
159:
countries, and similar stories about a bird maiden and a mortal man can be found in
1523:
1382:
Simmonds, E. H. S. (1971). "'MahĆrasop' II: The Thai National Library Manuscript".
680:
Chen, Ruixuan (2016). "The Khotanese SudhanÄvadÄna, written by Matteo De Chiara ".
140:
1304:
JACQUESSON, François (2018). "Sudhana et Manohara: L'amour est utile aux récits".
1608:
1464:
1450:
396:
148:
35:
1144:
Esoteric Buddhism in Mediaeval Maritime Asia: Networks of Masters, Texts, Icons
1057:. London, K. Paul, Trench, TrĂŒbner & co. ltd. 1906. pp. xlviii-l and 44â74.
709:
Terrai, G. (1956). "VI. Samuddaghosajùtaka. Conte pùli tiré du Pannùsajataka".
448:. London, K. Paul, Trench, TrĂŒbner & co. ltd. 1906. pp. xlviii-l and 44-74.
1535:
1511:
1395:
1358:
1247:
1230:
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1186:
1159:
De Chiar, Matteo (2013). "The Two Recensions of the Khotanese SudhanÄvadÄna".
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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
1347:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
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Simmonds, E. H. S. (1967). "'MahĆrasop' in a Thai ManĆrÄ Manuscript".
1126:
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A Comparative Study of the Thai, Sanskrit, and Chinese Swan Maiden
461:. 5 February 2003. Archived from the original on 5 February 2003.
1517:
739:. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1974 . pp. 23-24.
364:
243:
183:. The prince falls in love with Manohara, and they get married.
1423:
375:
The story of Manohara and Prince Sudhana may have inspired the
326:
The characters of the tale are also known in Southeast Asia as
1419:
29:
1063:
Heavenly Exploits: Buddhist Biographies from the DĂvyavadĂĄna
655:
Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1692:
The Beautiful Palace East of the Sun and North of the Earth
1105:
Bailey, H. W. (1966). "The Sudhana Poem of áčddhiprabhÄva".
533:
The traditional literature of Cambodia: a preliminary guide
155:. Versions of the story are reported in the literature of
823:. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1882. pp. 129-131.
780:
Hartland, E. Sidney (1888). "The Physicians of Myddfai".
1198:. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 103â130.
1163:. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press. pp. 71â102.
836:. Calcutta: Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1882. pp. 62-63.
1778:
where the swan maiden (or other type of bird) appears.
1774:"Tale types" refer to narratives of the international
1264:
Foucher, A. (1909). "Notes d'archéologie bouddhique".
1092:(1940). "A Nepalese Pata of the Sudhanakumaravadana".
1061:
Tatelman, Joel (2005). "The Story of Prince Sudhana".
535:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 177â178.
1734:
1713:
1636:
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1588:
1473:
1457:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
630:"Sandakinduru Katava | Ceylonese dance-drama"
493:. Berkeley, CA: Periplus Editions. pp. 77â81.
1146:. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing. pp. 275â320.
306:The tale of Manora was adapted as play in Burma (
171:Manohara, the youngest of seven daughters of the
471:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1721:Go I Know Not Whither and Fetch I Know Not What
1065:. New York University Press. pp. 219â308.
1266:Bulletin de l'Ăcole française d'ExtrĂȘme-Orient
711:Bulletin de l'Ăcole française d'ExtrĂȘme-Orient
506:Bulletin de l'Ăcole française d'ExtrĂȘme-Orient
139:(half-woman, half-bird) heroine of one of the
1435:
1094:Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art
8:
1053:Schiefner, Anton; Ralston, William Shedden.
832:Mitra, RÄjendralÄla, Raja; Asiatic Society.
819:Mitra, RÄjendralÄla, Raja; Asiatic Society.
808:Ătude sur les rites agraires des Cambodgiens
444:Schiefner, Anton; Ralston, William Shedden.
235:. The tale has also spread to China, Kucha,
1045:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2024 (
1592:
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1055:Tibetan tales, derived from Indian sources
459:"The Story of Prince Sudhana and Manohara"
446:Tibetan tales, derived from Indian sources
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834:The Sanskrit Buddhist literature of Nepal
821:The Sanskrit Buddhist literature of Nepal
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
763:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
348:Another translation named the prince as
246:text written by a Buddhist monk/sage in
437:
207:This story features in the folklore of
1704:The Heavenly Maiden and the Woodcutter
1686:The Nine Peahens and the Golden Apples
1621:The Prince Who Wanted to See the World
1038:
491:Borobudur: golden tales of the Buddhas
464:
151:and is documented by stone reliefs at
7:
606:Collected Papers on Buddhist Studies
550:. Rutland, Vt.: Tuttle. p. 106.
379:type of drama dancing, performed in
310:), where the character was known as
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1603:The Sea Tsar and Vasilisa the Wise
339:Story of Suchandrima and a KinnarĂ
14:
284:, including the Chinese story of
1330:"Prince Sudhana and the Kinnarī"
354:Manohara, daughter of King Druma
34:
1650:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
1644:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
759:"Specimen of the Burmese Drama"
45:needs additional citations for
1826:Indonesian legendary creatures
1816:Sri Lankan legendary creatures
268:
1:
1801:Cambodian legendary creatures
1000:Toshiharu, Yoshikawa (1984).
1796:Buddhist legendary creatures
604:Jaini, Padmanabh S. (2001).
546:Toth, Marian Davies (1971).
412:The Princess and the Cowherd
287:the Princess and the Cowherd
147:, the legend appears in the
1821:Burmese legendary creatures
1811:Laotian legendary creatures
1538:(Transcarpathian Ukrainian)
239:, Java, Tibet, and Bengal.
145:Manohara and Prince Sudhana
143:. Typically referred to as
1867:
1831:Indian legendary creatures
1776:AarneâThompsonâUther Index
1615:The Green Man of Knowledge
359:The tale is also known as
190:Prince Sudhana returns to
25:Manoharam (disambiguation)
18:
1769:
1748:The King of Ireland's Son
1396:10.1017/S0041977X00141618
1359:10.1017/S0041977X00062297
1248:10.1163/15728536-05701016
1152:10.1355/9789814695091-015
1119:10.1017/S0041977X00073390
1033:10.7208/9780226486017-021
977:10.1017/S0041977X00073407
907:10.1017/S0266464X00012458
872:10.1017/S0266464X04000326
782:The Archaeological Review
737:Theatre in Southeast Asia
696:10.1163/15728536-05902001
575:10.1017/S0041977X00073407
531:Jacob, Judith M. (1996).
259:
16:Asian mythological figure
1806:Thai legendary creatures
1318:10.2143/JA.306.1.3284958
1285:Ginsburg, Henry (1971).
806:Porée-Maspero, Eveline.
21:Manohar (disambiguation)
1760:The Tale of Tsar Saltan
1278:10.3406/befeo.1909.1911
723:10.3406/befeo.1956.1291
608:. Motilal Banarsidass.
518:10.3406/befeo.1962.1536
1296:10.25501/SOAS.00029528
1204:10.2307/j.ctt1vw0pkz.8
1169:10.2307/j.ctt1vw0pkz.7
1035:(inactive 2024-05-16).
1015:Available translations
922:Asian Folklore Studies
254:(where it is known as
1334:Indologica Taurinesia
1229:DezsĆ, Csaba (2014).
895:New Theatre Quarterly
860:New Theatre Quarterly
424:, a dance-drama from
1235:Indo-Iranian Journal
683:Indo-Iranian Journal
54:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1326:Schlingloff, Dieter
548:Tales from Thailand
352:and the kinnari as
1846:Indian fairy tales
1627:Lady Featherflight
1575:(Norse and Celtic)
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735:Brandon, James R.
661:(1 (242)): 53â61.
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1306:Journal Asiatique
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1474:Supernatural
1458:Main article
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928:(1): 19â34.
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203:Distribution
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141:Jataka tales
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110:January 2017
107:
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1735:Adaptations
1682:(Lithuania)
1609:King Kojata
1550:(Germanic)
1465:Swan maiden
1451:Swan maiden
1272:(1): 1â50.
397:Swan maiden
332:Prah Sothon
294:Adaptations
149:Divyavadana
1790:Categories
1744:(Noh play)
1623:(Portugal)
1617:(Scotland)
1589:Tale types
1536:Povitrulya
1512:Dai people
1289:(Thesis).
1100:: 181â184.
690:(2): 188.
639:2017-04-16
432:References
328:Kev Monora
322:Literature
80:newspapers
69:"Manohara"
1754:Swan Lake
1750:(fantasy)
1700:(Denmark)
1698:Maid Lena
1412:162819400
1375:177913499
1135:170831109
1041:cite book
993:190756276
880:191461101
591:190756276
248:Chiangmai
233:Indonesia
225:Sri Lanka
161:East Asia
153:Borobodur
1756:(ballet)
1742:Hagoromo
1723:(Russia)
1694:(Sweden)
1688:(Serbia)
1676:(Arabic)
1668:Manohara
1662:Chilseok
1656:Tanabata
1611:(Slavic)
1605:(Russia)
1561:Brunhild
1548:Valkyrie
1544:(Greece)
1530:Samodiva
1520:(Persia)
1485:(India)
1328:(1973).
1257:24665889
794:24707779
667:41492911
489:(1994).
467:cite web
391:See also
385:Malaysia
381:Thailand
312:Manoharī
217:Thailand
213:Cambodia
192:Panchala
167:Synopsis
133:Manohara
1714:ATU 465
1706:(Korea)
1664:(Korea)
1658:(Japan)
1652:(China)
1646:(China)
1637:ATU 400
1596:ATU 313
1581:(Inuit)
1542:Neraida
1504:(Japan)
1498:(Japan)
1489:Urvashi
942:1178249
402:Kinnari
350:Sudhanu
308:Myanmar
299:Theatre
282:Vietnam
256:Chinese
209:Myanmar
173:Kimnara
137:kinnari
135:is the
94:scholar
1772:Notes:
1762:(poem)
1573:Selkie
1496:Tennin
1483:Apsara
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422:Menora
377:Manora
371:Legacy
316:Yaksha
280:, and
266::
264:pinyin
258::
237:Khotan
197:Yaksha
96:
89:
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67:
1476:women
1408:S2CID
1400:JSTOR
1371:S2CID
1363:JSTOR
1253:JSTOR
1218:JSTOR
1183:JSTOR
1131:S2CID
1123:JSTOR
1007:(PDF)
989:S2CID
981:JSTOR
938:JSTOR
876:S2CID
790:JSTOR
663:JSTOR
587:S2CID
579:JSTOR
278:Korea
274:Japan
269:YuĂšyĂŹ
252:China
187:her.
101:JSTOR
87:books
1566:KĂĄra
1524:Vila
1518:Peri
1208:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1047:link
741:ISBN
610:ISBN
473:link
383:and
365:Laos
330:and
244:Pali
231:and
221:Laos
73:news
23:and
1392:doi
1355:doi
1314:doi
1310:306
1291:doi
1274:doi
1243:doi
1200:doi
1165:doi
1148:doi
1115:doi
1029:doi
973:doi
930:doi
903:doi
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514:doi
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