1513:(for the Altrincham Branch). After some haggling over the price of land and other matters, a report of actual construction was presented on 30 October 1846. However work was then suspended as the company had run out of money. A public offering of five-year bonds at 5% per annum raised only £50,000 so a further act of Parliament (passed on 22 July 1848) was required to increase the capital by £250,000 to £650,000. The two owning companies each provided half of this amount. On 20 January 1849, a viaduct near Oxford Road collapsed as the scaffolding was removed. Three men died and two were injured. Five days later the two adjacent arches failed without injury. The accepted reason was slow setting of the
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1771:, using the 25 kV AC system. At the same time, Manchester London Road station was extensively rebuilt (including the MSJ&AR platforms) and was renamed Manchester Piccadilly. From 15 September 1958 all Altrincham trains were cut back to the bay platform at Oxford Road to allow the reconstruction to proceed at London Road. The short section between Piccadilly and Oxford Road stations was converted to 25 kV AC, and on 21 September 1960, suburban electric services from the
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availability of concessionary fares for students and pensioners on
Metrolink in common with local bus services. Consequently, the 6-minute frequency was extended to operate all day Monday to Saturday, with trams alternating to Piccadilly and Bury. By contrast, peak-hour demand proved lower than originally forecast due to fare increases over those previously in force for British Rail services.
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By the late 1960s the
Altrincham Electrics were approaching forty years of age. Rather than replace them with new rolling stock operating on the non-standard 1500 V DC system, the decision was made to withdraw the trains and convert the whole Altrincham line to 25 kV AC. The last
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In the 19th century, the area between
Manchester and Altrincham was not intensively settled; it was essentially an area dedicated to farming and market gardening. Altrincham itself was a small market town. The first steam trains operated an hourly service, but that was increased as traffic developed.
1939:
scheme introduced in the
Manchester area in the early 1990s with the aims of reducing traffic congestion by providing modern, attractive public transport options for journeys into the city centre, and offering more convenient interchange between the rail systems north and south of the city. Phase I
1964:
and running daily except
Sundays. Two other operators provided the extra weekday peak-hour services. The last conventional service 25 kV AC train on the MSJAR was the 21:05 Oxford Road to Altrincham on 24 December 1991. The line reopened on 15 June 1992, with Metrolink light-rail vehicles
1564:
The MSJ&AR owned its own coaches, but the haulage was provided by locomotives belonging to both the L&NWR and MS&LR companies. The MSJ&AR steam trains were unusual in retaining three classes of passenger accommodation well after most other
British companies had dispensed with second
1642:
to an LMS design. The new rolling stock was of wooden frame construction and a conservative design, with individual compartments throughout (without corridors) and offering both first- and third-class accommodation. The electric multiple units were all based at a new depot, located just south of
2015:
When
Metrolink opened, a 12-minute frequency was provided between Altrincham and Piccadilly, enhanced at peak hours by a second 12-minute frequency from Altrincham to Bury via Manchester city centre. Off-peak passenger demand for the new service proved stronger than expected, not least due to the
2002:
In the
Altrincham area, two independent, parallel single tracks were arranged between Deansgate Junction (south of Timperley) and Navigation Road. The western (former Manchester-bound) track is used by Metrolink services in both directions, while the eastern (formerly Altrincham-bound) is used by
1959:
The conversion of the
Altrincham line to Metrolink was originally stated to require no more than six weeks. In the event, the line was closed for some six months, during which time both all-stations and a rush-hour express (first stop Sale) substitute bus services were provided. Rail tickets were
1738:
In common with most railway routes, passenger traffic on the MSJ&AR declined significantly in the 1960s as travel patterns changed and more people had access to private cars. As a result, the
Altrincham Electric express services were withdrawn, along some of the rolling stock and many of the
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Even in the early days, it was clear that the dead-end terminal at London Road would need to be connected to the other railway lines serving Manchester. The Manchester & Birmingham and the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne & Manchester companies proposed an extension of their lines which would
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The Altrincham Electrics provided a faster, more frequent service than the steam trains they had replaced, and resulted in an 89% increase in patronage on the line within the first five years. The new electric service also stimulated further suburban housing development close to the line, and
1524:
and Altrincham opened to both goods and passenger traffic on Friday 20 July 1849. The South Junction portions from London Road to Oxford Road and from Castlefield Junction to Ordsall Lane opened on 1 August 1849. On 22 September 1849 the line was extended southwards a short distance to
1837:
was opened in the forecourt of Altrincham station, the first purpose-built interchange in the Greater Manchester area. Bus schedules were revised to connect with trains to and from Manchester, new vehicles were assigned to the bus routes and the services were promoted with a special
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The MSJ&AR line operated with three different systems of electrification within a period of about 60 years. The fast, frequent service resulting from the introduction of the first generation of electric trains in 1931 was a significant contributor to suburban development in the
1692:. Some of the all-station electric trains ran only between Manchester and Sale, while steam-hauled passenger and goods trains also used the MSJ&AR to travel to destinations beyond the boundaries of electrification at either end of the line. Passenger trains ran from the ex-
1988:. The Manchester – Warrington Central – Liverpool line was still a busy main line, used by local and long-distance trains, and is electrified at 25 kV AC for a short distance west of Manchester to provide access for electric trains to Trafford Park freight terminal.
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goods trains using the route. The quadruple section of MSJ&AR track was reduced to conventional double track in 1963 and Manchester Central station closed on 5 May 1969, with trains from the ex-CLC Chester and Warrington lines being diverted to terminate at
1731:, using 1500 V DC overhead. This line approached London Road from the east and although it was equipped with the same electrification system as the MSJ&AR and had its own fleet of 1500 V DC suburban EMUs (later to be classified as
1545:
in Manchester, with only a minority extended to the main line terminal at London Road. From the 1890s onwards, most trains were extended to run to London Road, but by then, passenger trains had been withdrawn from the South Junction route to Ordsall Lane.
1584:. Also in 1881, the terminus at the other end of the line at London Road was rebuilt as a curved island platform connected to the main station via a footbridge. This arrangement survives today as the platforms 13 and 14 at Manchester Piccadilly.
1458:
An Act to authorize the Right Honourable Francis Egerton Earl of Ellesmere to sell, and the London and North-western Railway Company to purchase, the Estate and Interest of the said Earl in the Manchester South Junction and Altrincham
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and opened up many potential destinations (both local and long distance) for trains from the south side of Manchester. Full exploitation of the Windsor Link depended on conversion of the Altrincham line to
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The new trains began test runs in 1930 and on 11 May 1931 the London Road to Altrincham local service became fully electric. Coinciding with the electric service, new suburban stations were opened at
1975:
Nine stations were reconstructed to Metrolink standard, providing full disabled access, upgraded lighting, public address and information systems and Metrolink signage and automatic ticket machines.
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The success of the MSJ&AR and the reliability of the 1500 V DC distribution encouraged the LNER to pursue further electrification. These projects were disrupted and delayed by
107:
1561:. Frequent disagreements between the two owners resulted in the appointment of a full-time independent arbiter to resolve disputes and ensure the day-to-day functioning of the railway.
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In the 1980s the four-car Class 304s were reduced to three cars during a refurbishment programme, and first class accommodation was eliminated. In 1984 a small number of refurbished
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Despite the LNER's enthusiasm for electric traction, the LMS was the company responsible for installing most of the new electrification infrastructure on the line, while 22 new
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1500 V DC train was the 23:35 from Oxford Road on 30 April 1971. Altrincham depot closed and all the 1931 rolling stock (provisionally assigned to
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25 kV AC EMUs, based at Longsight depot. Three of the 1931 stock centre trailer cars were preserved and two are now undergoing restoration at the
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As well as local trains, the Altrincham Electrics also provided express services at certain times of day, making use of a four-track section of line between
1199:
Route map of the Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway, showing the layout of connecting lines in the Manchester area (click for full size view)
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that concrete action was taken. Following Grouping, ownership and management of the line was taken over by an MSJ&AR Committee, representing both the
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trains from Stockport to Altrincham and on towards Chester. The heavy-rail section is still used by freight trains and passenger services on the
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1282:(now Piccadilly) was opened on 8 May 1842. London Road was the terminus for two trunk lines approaching the city from the south and east: the
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1972:
Overhead electrical supply was converted from 25 kV AC to 750 V DC. Most of the existing overhead supports were retained.
1961:
1872:
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1615:(LNER). The LNER was particularly interested in the electrification of mainline railways and in 1928 a government report had recommended
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1985:
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Following the consolidation of the smaller railway companies in the mid-19th century, the MSJ&AR passed to joint ownership by the
606:
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1735:), the two electric lines were never connected at London Road and the two types of EMU never ventured onto each other's territory.
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A new underpass was built at the former Cornbrook Junction, which carried the Metrolink tracks beneath the British Rail line to
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Following conversion in 1971, the AC services on the Altrincham line continued relatively unchanged for the next twenty years.
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On Monday 3 May 1971, a 15-minute interval service was introduced from Altrincham, running through Manchester Piccadilly to
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New signalling was installed, appropriate to light-rail conditions and controlled from the Metrolink control centre.
1596:, which by that time ran the whole way from Manchester to Altrincham and closely followed the route of the railway.
2008:
1978:
Several stations were renamed: the former Old Trafford became Trafford Bar, while Warwick Road became Old Trafford.
1557:(MS&LR), which was the successor of the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester and the predecessor of the
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area, were deployed in the Manchester suburban area and these also appeared in service on the Altrincham line.
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overhead in place of 1500 V DC as the standard for all future main line electrification outside the
1489:
1428:
Transfer of the Earl of Ellesmere's Interest in the Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Act 1847
1654:. The station formerly called Old Trafford Cricket Ground (which had opened only for matches at the nearby
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In the early part of the 20th century, the MSJ&AR steam trains came under increasing competition from
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operation, which freed up many train paths along the congested section between Deansgate and Piccadilly.
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1453:
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1991:
After passing beneath the Warrington line, the Altrincham Metrolink route used the refurbished former
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2025:
1932:
1897:
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1713:
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1883:. The Windsor Link allowed trains from Manchester Piccadilly and Oxford Road to reach the lines to
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1863:
In 1988, the original section of the South Junction line between Castlefield Junction (adjacent to
1834:
1647:
1830:
1806:. The unique 40-year-old, three-car Altrincham Electrics were replaced by 12-year-old, four-car
1704:, diverging from the MSJ&AR at Cornbrook Junction. There was also a local service from the
1968:
During rebuilding, a number of changes were made to infrastructure along the MSJ&AR route.
1829:
took a proactive role in promoting and providing financial support for local train services in
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viaduct from Cornbrook to Manchester Central, before entering the street-running section in
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2075:
1910:
31:
1723:, but in 1954 the first mainline electric railway in northern Britain was completed from
1509:. Contracts were let on 23 October 1845 to David Bellhouse (for the South Junction) and
2213:. Vol. 25, no. 1479. 29 September 1849. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
2126:
1953:
1949:
1924:
1915:
1685:
1502:
1352:
1643:
Altrincham and Bowdon station on the site of the original MSJ&AR Bowdon terminus.
2414:
1799:
1728:
1639:
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1307:
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2193:. Vol. 25, no. 1471. 4 August 1849. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
2121:
1941:
1752:
1720:
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1479:
1413:
1965:
running from Altrincham through Manchester's city streets to Piccadilly and Bury.
2267:. Oakwood Library of Railway History (2nd ed.). Oxford: The Oakwood Press.
1846:
1393:
30:
This article is about the historic railway. For the present Metrolink line, see
1952:
and Piccadilly to Altrincham to light rail operation, and linking the two by a
2284:
A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain. Volume 10: The North West
2205:
2185:
2153:
2115:
1936:
1927:
in 2006, following conversion of the MSJ&AR route to light rail operation.
1815:
1772:
1603:
proposals were studied to counter this threat, although it was only after the
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1222:
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2240:. No. 336. Luton: Transport Ticket Society. January 1992. p. 44.
2362:
Dodson, Nick (June 1982). "Many short journeys and absolute reliability".
1849:
when the suburban electrification was extended to that point in June 1981.
1392:
Line. A branch line was also proposed, leaving the South Junction line at
1263:
system since 1992. The northern section between Manchester Piccadilly and
100:
1576:
were closed and replaced by a new station located between the two called
1226:
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1888:
1541:
In the first forty years or so, most Altrincham trains terminated at
2161:. No. 2143. 21 July 1849. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
2046:
Suburban electrification of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
1914:
1884:
1803:
1789:
1621:
1291:
1194:
1256:
The southern part of the MSJ&AR's route has been part of the
1271:
network, used by trains running north and west of Manchester.
38:
2395:
2154:"The Manchester and Altrincham Railway – Opening of the Line"
1205:
Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway (MSJ&AR)
2451:
Former railway lines converted to Manchester Metrolink lines
2338:
Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway 1849-1999
2323:
Passenger Railway Stations in Great Britain: A Chronology
1410:
Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Act 1845
1322:
Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway Act 1845
2211:
The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser
2191:
The Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser
2125:. No. 2092. 24 January 1849. p. 6 – via
1763:. In September 1960 the first stage of the electrified
1362:
skirt the southern part of Manchester city centre on a
2265:
The Manchester South Junction & Altrincham Railway
2097:
2095:
2007:, which continue to use two of the four platforms at
1818:. However, none of the motor coaches was preserved.
2340:. Altrincham Electric Railway Preservation Society.
2286:(2nd ed.). Newton Abbot: David & Charles.
1488:
1478:
1473:
1463:
1452:
1426:
1346:
1320:
1296:
Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway
1267:stations is now an intensively-used section of the
2204:
2186:"Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway"
2184:
2152:
2114:
2041:Class 505 1500 V DC Altrincham Electrics
1674:when the railway's publicists dubbed the initials
1662:football ground) was opened full-time and renamed
1779:began to use Oxford Road as their city terminus.
2401:Altrincham Electric Railway Preservation Society
2236:"British Rail News: Station and Line Closures".
1960:valid on the replacement buses, operated by the
1229:and Manchester London Road railway station (now
18:Manchester South Junction and Altrincham Railway
1670:provided an early example of today's marketing
2446:Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway
2368:. EMAP National Publications. pp. 38–41.
1555:Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway
1787:by British Rail) was withdrawn from service.
1680:Many Short Journeys and Absolute Reliability.
115:
8:
1875:line, was revitalised by the opening of the
1716:which terminated at Manchester London Road.
2116:"Fall of a Railway Arch: Three Men Killed"
1845:Some trains were diverted to terminate at
1619:overhead as the national standard system.
1568:On 3 April 1881, the original stations at
1423:
1376:-mile (2.4 km) viaduct, and join the
1317:
149:
122:
108:
2305:. Glossop: Transport Publishing Company.
1298:, which at that point ran only as far as
1207:was a suburban railway which operated an
1049:
1041:
89:Learn how and when to remove this message
52:This article includes a list of general
2301:Ogden, Eric & Senior, John (1991).
2238:Journal of the Transport Ticket Society
2091:
2067:
105:
2431:Pre-grouping British railway companies
1302:, but would eventually be extended to
1280:Manchester London Road railway station
787:
779:
2456:Railway companies established in 1845
2223:
2171:
2139:
2101:
1940:of Metrolink involved converting the
1490:Text of statute as originally enacted
1253:districts, south-west of Manchester.
850:
7:
2441:London, Midland and Scottish Railway
2436:Rail transport in Greater Manchester
2328:Railway and Canal Historical Society
1636:3-car electric multiple units (EMUs)
1609:London, Midland and Scottish Railway
1067:
1059:
2406:1956 crash at Old Trafford Junction
1794:A Class 304 unit near Sale in 1989.
1016:
1008:
898:
890:
370:
1757:25 kV 50 Hz AC
1727:to Manchester London Road via the
240:
58:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2476:1500 V DC railway electrification
2036:Class 304 25 kV AC EMUs
1956:section through the city centre.
1284:Manchester and Birmingham Railway
1221:-mile (14 km) route between
2471:25 kV AC railway electrification
1613:London and North Eastern Railway
1551:London and North Western Railway
1446:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1439:
1378:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
1340:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1333:
1133:
1111:
1089:
1066:
1058:
1048:
1040:
1015:
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976:
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929:London and North Western Railway
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391:London and North Western Railway
369:
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333:
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43:
2426:British joint railway companies
2421:Early British railway companies
859:
795:
720:
713:
572:
486:
435:
2466:1849 establishments in England
1962:North Western Road Car Company
1656:Lancashire County Cricket Club
1588:1500 V DC electrification
913:
881:
770:
763:
756:
749:
500:
363:
334:
327:
291:
27:Suburban railway in Manchester
1:
1580:, at the location of today's
1529:, using a temporary station.
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999:
727:
428:
409:
284:
159:
2461:Railway lines opened in 1849
2303:Metrolink: Official Handbook
1090:
977:
841:
493:
341:
1856:EMUs, formerly used in the
1812:Midland Railway - Butterley
1638:were built for the line by
1469:10 & 11 Vict. c. lxxiii
1388:. This was promoted as the
1112:
955:
691:
669:
647:
625:
579:
550:
543:
464:
457:
298:
262:
2492:
2326:(Fifth ed.). London:
2282:Holt, Geoffrey O. (1986).
1908:
1421:United Kingdom legislation
1315:United Kingdom legislation
131:Manchester, South Junction
29:
1438:
1433:
1332:
1327:
1142:
1127:
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2051:Cheshire Lines Committee
1825:From the mid-1970s, the
1694:Cheshire Lines Committee
1150:Cheshire Lines Committee
811:Cheshire Lines Committee
595:Cheshire Lines Committee
521:Cheshire Lines Committee
351:Knott Mill and Deansgate
2320:Quick, Michael (2023).
2159:The Manchester Guardian
2122:The Manchester Guardian
1905:Conversion to Metrolink
1833:. In November 1976, a
515:Throstle Nest Junctions
73:more precise citations.
2336:Walton, David (1999).
2031:Greater Manchester PTE
1928:
1827:Greater Manchester PTE
1795:
1747:Conversion to 25 kV AC
1631:
1582:Altrincham Interchange
1522:Manchester Oxford Road
1200:
272:Manchester Oxford Road
250:Manchester London Road
133:and Altrincham Railway
2263:Dixon, Frank (1994).
2056:Great Central Railway
1918:
1873:Liverpool Lime Street
1793:
1625:
1578:Altrincham and Bowdon
1559:Great Central Railway
1198:
1027:Altrincham and Bowdon
2026:Manchester Metrolink
1933:Manchester Metrolink
1835:bus/rail interchange
1769:Manchester and Crewe
1765:West Coast Main Line
1640:Metropolitan-Cammell
1553:(L&NWR) and the
1400:) and following the
1258:Manchester Metrolink
385:Castlefield Junction
2074:Perhaps the son of
1617:1500 V DC
1543:Oxford Road station
1497:The engineers were
195:London & NW Rly
2009:Altrincham station
1997:St. Peter's Square
1986:Warrington Central
1929:
1831:Greater Manchester
1796:
1725:Sheffield Victoria
1702:Manchester Central
1632:
1201:
869:Deansgate Junction
737:Timperley Junction
607:Warrington Central
445:Cornbrook Junction
308:Manchester Central
2396:Metrolink website
2142:, pp. 12–13.
2005:Mid-Cheshire Line
1865:Deansgate station
1710:Warrington Arpley
1698:Chester Northgate
1660:Manchester United
1594:electric tramways
1520:The line between
1495:
1494:
1434:Act of Parliament
1416:on 21 July 1845.
1402:Bridgewater Canal
1398:Deansgate station
1396:(west of today's
1359:
1358:
1328:Act of Parliament
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1167:
1166:
942:
941:
937:Warrington Arpley
828:
827:
612:
611:
530:
529:
396:
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208:
207:
189: &
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16:(Redirected from
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1881:Salford Crescent
1753:British Railways
1696:(CLC) line from
1626:One of the 1931
1517:in wet weather.
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1911:Altrincham Line
1907:
1777:Stockport lines
1767:opened between
1761:Southern Region
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1652:Navigation Road
1601:electrification
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1751:In the 1950s,
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1729:Woodhead route
1611:(LMS) and the
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79:February 2024
72:
68:
62:
61:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2363:
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2283:
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2257:Bibliography
2237:
2231:
2224:Quick (2023)
2219:
2210:
2199:
2190:
2179:
2172:Quick (2023)
2167:
2158:
2147:
2140:Dixon (1994)
2135:
2120:
2109:
2102:Quick (2023)
2070:
2014:
1967:
1958:
1942:British Rail
1930:
1877:Windsor Link
1839:
1820:
1797:
1781:
1750:
1737:
1721:World War II
1718:
1706:ex-LNWR line
1690:Old Trafford
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1664:Warwick Road
1645:
1633:
1598:
1591:
1577:
1567:
1563:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1519:
1511:John Brogden
1499:Joseph Locke
1496:
1480:Royal assent
1418:
1414:royal assent
1409:
1389:
1382:Ordsall Lane
1360:
1312:
1278:
1275:Construction
1255:
1239:
1204:
1202:
474:Old Trafford
85:
76:
57:
36:
1944:lines from
1847:Hazel Grove
1741:Oxford Road
1628:1500 V EMUs
1484:2 July 1847
1394:Castlefield
71:introducing
2415:Categories
2347:0953673200
2312:0863171648
2293:0946537348
2274:0853614547
2086:References
1937:light rail
1919:Metrolink
1867:) and the
1816:Derbyshire
1676:MSJ&AR
1574:Altrincham
1454:Long title
1406:Altrincham
1294:, and the
1261:light rail
1251:Altrincham
1235:Manchester
1231:Piccadilly
1223:Altrincham
987:Altrincham
819:Glazebrook
679:Brooklands
54:references
2374:0262-561X
2246:0144-347X
1921:T-68 tram
1898:Metrolink
1854:Class 303
1842:branding.
1840:Interlink
1808:Class 304
1785:Class 505
1733:Class 506
1648:Dane Road
1533:Steam era
1412:received
1304:Sheffield
1288:Stockport
1265:Deansgate
1243:Stretford
1158:Northwich
823:Stockport
701:Timperley
635:Dane Road
560:Stretford
203:Stockport
2382:49957965
2020:See also
1946:Victoria
1869:Victoria
1672:taglines
1599:Various
1465:Citation
1459:Railway.
1348:Citation
1306:via the
1227:Cheshire
525:Chorlton
183:Woodhead
1893:Preston
1858:Glasgow
1565:class.
1386:Salford
1371:⁄
1216:⁄
1162:Chester
67:improve
2380:
2372:
2344:
2309:
2290:
2271:
2244:
1889:Bolton
1755:chose
1712:, via
1570:Bowdon
1527:Bowdon
1515:mortar
1408:. The
1355:c. cxi
1300:Godley
1160:&
1100:Bowdon
605:&
142:Legend
56:, but
2062:Notes
1935:is a
1885:Wigan
1804:Crewe
1773:Styal
1708:from
1658:, or
1474:Dates
1292:Crewe
1286:from
1233:) in
1168:
1144:
943:
923:
829:
821:│ to
805:
613:
589:
531:
510:
397:
380:
209:
169:
2378:OCLC
2370:ISSN
2342:ISBN
2307:ISBN
2288:ISBN
2269:ISBN
2242:ISSN
1950:Bury
1931:The
1891:and
1802:and
1775:and
1714:Lymm
1688:and
1686:Sale
1650:and
1572:and
1505:and
1290:and
1249:and
1247:Sale
1203:The
1122:Hale
657:Sale
523:via
201:via
181:via
1993:CLC
1948:to
1923:at
1879:to
1871:to
1814:in
1700:to
1678:as
1404:to
1384:in
1380:at
1225:in
1156:to
935:to
817:to
601:to
313:CLC
2417::
2376:.
2209:.
2189:.
2157:.
2119:.
2094:^
1887:,
1743:.
1666:.
1501:,
1310:.
1245:,
1237:.
2384:.
2350:.
2330:.
2315:.
2296:.
2277:.
2248:.
2129:.
2078:.
2011:.
1999:.
1373:2
1369:1
1366:+
1364:1
1218:2
1214:1
1211:+
1209:8
315:)
311:(
123:e
116:t
109:v
92:)
86:(
81:)
77:(
63:.
34:.
20:)
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