237:, and the battle ended in defeat for Manjutakin, who was taken prisoner. Ibn Fallah marched on to Damascus, where he assumed the post of governor, while Manjutakin himself was well received by Ibn 'Ammar, who thus hoped—in the event, without success—to reconcile the Turks to his regime and use them to counterbalance the caliphal office. He was allowed to live out his years in retirement in
157:, in June 992, and laid siege to Aleppo. However, he failed to pursue the siege with vigour and the city was easily able to resist until, in the spring of 993, after thirteen months of campaigning, Manjutakin was forced to return to Damascus due to lack of supplies. In spring 994, Manjutakin launched another invasion, again defeated Bourtzes at the
197:
in only sixteen days at the head of an army; his sudden arrival, and the exaggerated numbers circulating for his army, caused panic in the
Fatimid army, especially as Manjutakin, expecting no threat, had ordered his cavalry horses to be dispersed around the city for pasture. Despite having a
213:, as prime minister, and to effectively seize control of the central government for themselves. This provoked the reaction of the Turkic faction, led by Manjutakin. With the covert encouragement of al-Hakim's
562:
557:
552:
177:
Aleppo. The blockade was far more effective this time and soon caused a severe lack of food, but the city's defenders held out under the determined guidance of the
Hamdanids'
198:
considerably larger and well-rested army, Manjutakin was thus at a disadvantage. He burned his camp and retreated to
Damascus without battle. The Byzantines besieged
527:
547:
498:
445:
206:. Al-Aziz himself now prepared to take the field against the Byzantines himself, but he died on 14 October 996 before starting his campaign.
421:
209:
After al-Aziz's death, his young son al-Hakim succeeded to the throne. The Kutama, however, used the opportunity to install their leader,
537:
413:
Damas et la Syrie sous la domination fatimide (359-468/969-1076): essai d'interprétation de chroniques arabes médiévales. Tome premier
190:
174:
143:, and tasked Manjutakin with the campaign. The Fatimid general invaded the emirate, defeated a Byzantine force under the
532:
517:
226:
117:
542:
469:
Stevenson, William B. (1926). "Chapter VI. Islam in Syria and Egypt (750–1100)". In Bury, John
Bagnell (ed.).
210:
123:, who had dominated Fatimid politics during his life, al-Aziz chose to pursue a more aggressive stance in
32:
158:
72:
182:
522:
476:
437:
The
Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
455:
494:
441:
417:
407:
199:
154:
132:
120:
60:
431:
55:
origin, he became one of the leading
Fatimid generals under al-Aziz, fighting against the
23:
470:
459:
94:
slave-soldiers who were introduced to the
Fatimid court by al-Aziz and his predecessor
91:
52:
511:
250:
166:
124:
106:
68:
64:
484:
95:
488:
435:
411:
259:(slave soldier) of Manjutakin who became the Fatimids' first governor of Aleppo.
194:
56:
234:
218:
186:
136:
128:
493:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
170:
150:
41:
37:
472:
The
Cambridge Medieval History, Volume V: Contest of Empire and Papacy
255:
214:
203:
140:
110:
238:
230:
222:
162:
145:
193:, had responded to the Hamdanids' plea for aid, and crossed
464:. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Limited.
105:) and favoured as a counterbalance to the predominantly
131:. Encouraged by the defectors after the death of emir
185:, until the sudden arrival of the Byzantine emperor,
416:(in French). Damascus: Institut français de Damas.
225:, while the Berbers gathered under the command of
90:Manjutakin was one of the most prominent of the
563:11th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate
558:10th-century people from the Fatimid Caliphate
189:, in person in April 995. Basil, who had been
135:, al-Aziz decided to renew his attacks on the
8:
475:. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp.
391:
375:
287:
82:), but was defeated and died in captivity.
127:, and appointed Manjutakin as governor of
553:Fatimid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
335:
311:
116:In 991, after the death of the long-time
461:A Short History of the Fatimid Khalifate
221:, Manjutakin led his army south towards
71:-dominated regime of the early years of
387:
371:
359:
347:
323:
299:
275:
268:
7:
440:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
27:
14:
528:Generals of the Fatimid Caliphate
490:The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025
16:Late 10th-century Fatimid general
229:. The two armies met in either
100:
77:
46:
227:Sulayman ibn Ja'far ibn Fallah
1:
548:Fatimid governors of Damascus
202:unsuccessfully and occupied
109:army (mostly drawn from the
579:
538:10th-century Syrian people
67:. He rebelled against the
241:, where he died in 1007.
30:) was a military slave (
191:campaigning in Bulgaria
159:Battle of the Orontes
374:, pp. 327–328;
533:10th-century rebels
518:10th-century births
394:, pp. 126–127.
378:, pp. 123–126.
338:, pp. 251–252.
326:, pp. 379–380.
302:, pp. 324–325.
211:al-Hasan ibn 'Ammar
161:in September, took
500:978-0-520-20496-6
447:978-0-582-40525-7
408:Bianquis, Thierry
570:
504:
480:
465:
456:O'Leary, De Lacy
451:
427:
423:978-2-35159130-7
395:
385:
379:
369:
363:
357:
351:
345:
339:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
303:
297:
291:
285:
279:
273:
155:Michael Bourtzes
121:Yaqub ibn Killis
104:
102:
81:
79:
50:
48:
29:
578:
577:
573:
572:
571:
569:
568:
567:
543:Fatimid ghilman
508:
507:
501:
483:
468:
454:
448:
430:
424:
406:
403:
398:
390:, p. 328;
386:
382:
370:
366:
358:
354:
346:
342:
334:
330:
322:
318:
310:
306:
298:
294:
286:
282:
274:
270:
266:
247:
99:
88:
80: 996–1021
76:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
576:
574:
566:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
510:
509:
506:
505:
499:
481:
466:
452:
446:
428:
422:
402:
399:
397:
396:
380:
364:
362:, p. 380.
352:
350:, p. 325.
340:
336:Stevenson 1926
328:
316:
314:, p. 251.
312:Stevenson 1926
304:
292:
290:, p. 125.
280:
278:, p. 322.
267:
265:
262:
261:
260:
246:
243:
103: 953–975
87:
84:
49: 975–996
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
575:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
515:
513:
502:
496:
492:
491:
486:
485:Whittow, Mark
482:
478:
474:
473:
467:
463:
462:
457:
453:
449:
443:
439:
438:
433:
432:Kennedy, Hugh
429:
425:
419:
415:
414:
409:
405:
404:
400:
393:
389:
384:
381:
377:
373:
368:
365:
361:
356:
353:
349:
344:
341:
337:
332:
329:
325:
320:
317:
313:
308:
305:
301:
296:
293:
289:
284:
281:
277:
272:
269:
263:
258:
257:
252:
251:Aziz al-Dawla
249:
248:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
134:
133:Sa'd al-Dawla
130:
126:
122:
119:
114:
112:
108:
97:
93:
85:
83:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
43:
39:
35:
34:
25:
21:
489:
471:
460:
436:
412:
392:O'Leary 1923
388:Kennedy 2004
383:
376:O'Leary 1923
372:Kennedy 2004
367:
360:Whittow 1996
355:
348:Kennedy 2004
343:
331:
324:Whittow 1996
319:
307:
300:Kennedy 2004
295:
288:O'Leary 1923
283:
276:Kennedy 2004
271:
254:
208:
178:
144:
115:
89:
31:
19:
18:
523:1007 deaths
139:emirate of
512:Categories
264:References
195:Asia Minor
61:Byzantines
20:Manjutakin
96:al-Mu'izz
86:Biography
57:Hamdanids
36:) of the
487:(1996).
458:(1923).
434:(2004).
410:(1986).
245:See also
219:Barjawan
187:Basil II
181:regent,
179:de facto
175:besieged
137:Hamdanid
129:Damascus
113:tribe).
73:al-Hakim
59:and the
28:منجوتكين
401:Sources
235:Ascalon
200:Tripoli
171:Shayzar
151:Antioch
42:al-Aziz
40:Caliph
38:Fatimid
497:
444:
420:
256:ghulam
217:tutor
215:eunuch
204:Tartus
183:Lu'lu'
167:Apamea
141:Aleppo
118:vizier
111:Kutama
107:Berber
92:Turkic
69:Berber
53:Turkic
51:). Of
33:ghulam
24:Arabic
479:–264.
239:Cairo
231:Ramla
223:Egypt
125:Syria
65:Syria
495:ISBN
442:ISBN
418:ISBN
253:, a
173:and
169:and
163:Homs
146:doux
477:242
233:or
149:of
63:in
514::
165:,
153:,
101:r.
78:r.
47:r.
26::
503:.
450:.
426:.
98:(
75:(
44:(
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.