466:
769:
655:
914:
445:
753:
45:
503:
3630:
4867:
2087:); and Iarchas replied: "And what have you heard about the make of this animal? For it is probable that there is some account given of its shape." "There are," replied Apollonius, "tall stories current which I cannot believe; for they say that the creature has four feet, and that his head resembles that of a man, but that in size it is comparable to a lion; while the tail of this animal puts out hairs a cubit long and sharp as thorns, which it shoots like arrows at those who hunt it."
4899:
3644:
484:
5233:
675:
698:
quills, his voice like the voice of a small trumpet or pipe, being in course as swift as a Hart; His wildnes such as can never be tamed, and his appetite is especially to the flesh of man. His body like the body of a Lyon, being very apt both to leape and to run, so as no distance or space doth hinder him,..
733:
And
Topsell wrote that in India they would "bruise the buttockes and taile" of the whelp or cub they captured, causing it to be incapable of using its quills, thus removing the danger. This differs somewhat from the original sources which stated that they would crush the tail with stone to make them
618:
The manticore is basically absent from the French bestiary of Pierre de
Beauvais, which exist in the short versions of 38 or 39 chapters, and the long version of 71 chapters. Instead, there is a Chapter 44 on the "centicore" (or santicora, var. ceucrocata), which suggests manticore in name, but which
533:
In most instances, the manticora is "coloured red or brown and has clawed feet". Artists took the liberty of coloring the manticore blue at times. One example is depicted "as a long-haired blond" (fig., top right). Another has the face of a woman and the body of a blue manticore (fig., bottom right)
697:
bred among the
Indians, having a treble rowe of teeth beneath and above, whose greatnesse, roughnesse, and feete are like a Lyons, his face and eares like unto a mans, his eies grey, and collour red, his taile like the taile of a Scorpion of the earth, armed with a sting, casting forth sharp pointed
609:
As aforementioned, the manticore is one of three hybrids from
Aithiopia described together by Solinus, appearing in (nearly) successive chapters of the bestiary. This created the groundwork for the beasts in adjacent chapters being confounded or amalgamated through scribal errors, as described below
1367:
Related to the topic of the heraldic manticore/mantiger exhibiting "baboon" feet, it should be mentioned that there emerged a term "mantegar" meaning a "type of baboon", first attested in 1704. This is also conjectured to derived from corruption of "manticore". As a consequence, the term "mantyger"
568:
The text here describing the beast differs little from Pliny's Latin version in language, or the Greek version in content (paraphrased above). This is naturally the case, since much of
Solinus was recopied out of Pliny, and the manticora is described as "bloody-colored" here rather than "red like
331:
The beast's name means "maneater", as already noted. Aelian citing
Ctesias adds that the Mantichora prefers to hunt humans, lying in wait, taking down even 2, 3 men at a time. And the Indians take their young captive, disabling its tail by crushing it with stone before the growth of sting begins.
843:
It is noted that the manticore/mantiger of heraldic devices has a beast of prey body as standard, but sometimes chosen to be given dragon feet. The
Radcliffe family manticore appears to have human feet, and (not so surprisingly), a chronicler described as a "Babyon" (baboon) the device by John
2082:
And inasmuch as the following conversation also has been recorded by Damis as having been held upon this occasion with regard to the mythological animals and fountains and men met with in India, I must not leave it out, for there is much to be gained by neither believing nor yet disbelieving
537:
Most manuscripts do not bother detailing the scorpion tail and simply draw a long cat's tail, but in Harley MS 3244 the manticore has an "oddly pointed tail" or an "extraordinary spike on the end" of it, and a tail covered in spikes from end to end is shown on the manticore in several other
804:
the face of a man, the mouth open to the ears with a treble row of teeth beneath and above; long neck, whose greatness, roughness, body and feet are like a Lyon: of a red colour, his tail like the tail of a
Scorpion of the Earth, the end armed with a sting, casting forth sharp pointed
847:
The typical heraldic manticore is supposed to have not only the face of an old man, but spiraling horns as well, although this is not really ascertainable in the
Radcliffe family badge, where the purple manticore is wearing a yellow cap (cap of dignity ).
2704:, aforementioned as Pierre de Beauvais's source. The ceu- being misread as "cen- in a manuscript" is "not improbable". "And doubtless the ending -ticora was the result of a scribe's attention dropping down a few lines in his source to the word manticora".
844:
Radcliffe (Lord
Fitzwater) accompanying Henry VIII into war in France. It has also been speculated the Babyngton device is intended to represent the "Babyon, or baboon, as a play upon his name", and it too also has characteristically "monkey-like feet".
619:
is nothing like the standard manticore. The name is thought to have arisen from misspellings of leucrocotta, compounded by the suffix replaced by -cora by scribal error. Due to further mistransmission, "centicore" became the French misnomer for the
809:
while he describes the mantyger as having "the face and ears of a man, the body of a Tyger, and whole footed like Goose or Dragon; yet others make it with feet like a Tyger", etc., and also noting that they may be horned or unhorned.
411:(2nd century), which was held to be authoritative on matters of natural history whether real or mythological. In the advent of Christianity, writings in the Holy Scripture combined with Plinian-Aristotelian learning gave rise to the
1251:
In the base MS. Add. 11283, the manticore (fol. 8r) and the other hybrids around it has scholia marked "Solinus Cap. 65, p. 244". But these are presumbly later scribal additions, not disclosure of source by the original
572:
The text concludes by stating that the manticore "seeks human flesh, is active, and leaps so that neither large spaces nor broad obstacles can delay it (neither the broadest space nor the widest barrier can hinder it)".
600:
The manticore also occurs in the earliest "Transitional" First Family bestiary (c. 1185), and some Third Family codices as well, whose illustrations attempted to reproduce some of the finer details given in its text.
2860:
Book for a Simple and Devout Woman: A Late Middle English Adaptation of Peraldus's Summa de Vitiis Et Virtutibus and Friar Laurent's Summa Le Roi : Edited from British Library Mss Harley 6571 and Additional
1450:
Zoology in Early Modern Culture: Intersections of Science, Theology, Philology, and Political and Religious Education: Intersections of Science, Theology, Philology, and Political and Religious Education
2652:, "XXI De leucrotar/Chapter 23 Manticor", p. 139; "XII De crocodrillo/Chapter 22 Crocodile", p. 140; "XXIII De manticora/Chapter 23 Manticor", p. 141; "XXIV De parandro/Chapter 24 Parandrus", p. 141.
3382:
The manticore.. with a leonine torso and legs, batlike wings, am man's head, a tail tipped with iron spikes,.. stns 6 feet at the shoulder and meausres 15 feet in length. It has a 25-foot wingspan
1270:
Morgan Library, MS M.81 (The Worksop Bestiary)] (c. 1185). Recognized in Badke's mss. containing the manticore. Note it is not older than the early Second Family Additional MS 11283.
368:
and the mantichora of Aethiopia together, and while the crocotta imitated the voices of men the mantichora of Aethiopia too also mimicked human speech, on authority of
2737:
gave the name "centicore", "leucrota", followed by a chapter on the yale but leaving out a name. This later caused a merge of "centicore" with description of the yale.
2986:
1368:
became an ambiguously variant of "manticore" or "mantegar", after c. 1704, assuming that is the correct approximate dating when the word in that sense was coined.
137:
quills. There are some accounts that the spines can be launched like arrows. It eats its victims whole, using its three rows of teeth, and leaves no bones behind.
2909:
2679:
800:
made a fine distinction between manticore and mantyger. Holme's description of the manticore seems to derive directly from naturalist Edward Topsell (cf. above),
2372:
2347:
2144:
1415:
1261:
While McCulloch translates literally as "bluish eyes, a lion's body the color of blood", Clark gives the freer translation "green eyes, a russet color lion".
1318:
At least in the Pierre mss. known in France. But the manticore is included in the Vatican codex of Pierre de Beauvais (longer version) according to Badke.
832:. The Radford's device was described as "3 mantygers argent" by one source, c. 1600. Thus in heraldic discourse the term "manticore" became usurped by "
3012:
1858:. lists Plin. 8, 21, 30, § 75; 8, 30, 45, § 107. So the same passage may be designated variously as 8.21 (30), or 8.30 or 8.75 depending on the editor.
1328:
5290:
2175:: "mid thirteenth-century Salisbury bestiary with its pointed Phrygian hat, long beard and grotesque profile", citing Higgs Strikland, Debra (2003)
314:-red fur. It has three rows of teeth, feet and claws like lions. It also had a scorpion-like tail with a (main) terminal sting that measured over 1
356:
Pliny also introduced the confused notion that the manticore might occur in Africa, because he had discussed this and other creatures (such as the
3923:
918:
328:
distance range, and these stings regenerated afterwards. Only the elephant was immune to the poison. And it overcomes every beast except the lion.
4265:
3345:
3283:
322:
long. The sting was instantly fatal. The stings could be fired sideways, forward, or backward, by orienting the tail accordingly, up to a 1
5285:
4229:
2433:. "leucrota (alias lecrocuta)" fol. 7v; "cocodrillus" "manticora" fol. 8r; "parandrum" fol. 8v. Marginal notes indicate Solinus as source.
825:
818:
759:
5280:
565:) occurs in about half of the Second Family Latin bestiaries, The specific source used in this case was probably Solinus (2nd century),
509:
158:
3695:
465:
3203:
Dante's image was profoundly modified, however, by Pliny's description – followed by Solinus – of a strange beast called Mantichora (
3609:
3558:
3537:
3508:
3484:
3455:
3431:
3375:
2869:
2758:
2128:
1791:
1682:
1582:
1457:
913:
2408:, p. 26. Due to the "three Solinus hybrids" being clustered into successive chapters. More on their interrelationships below.
1628:
310:(Paraphrase) The martichora was allegedly a blue-eyed, human-faced wild beast of India. It was the size of the largest lion, with
1138:
654:
216:, and is based on the testimonies of his Persian-speaking informants who had travelled to India. Ctesias himself wrote that the
5295:
3981:
2232:
1476:
1130:
5265:
5242:
1845:
768:
998:, manticores are depicted as having wings. They are more specifically given "wings of a dragon" in the implementation of
581:
Actually there are two candidate sources given for the passage, "Solinus 52.37" and "H iii.8"; this "H" being the pseudo-
4503:
4498:
3331:
2171:, p. 142: "more usual is its depiction as a heavily maned beast having a man's face topped by a Phrygian cap ..";
1653:
943:
444:
61:
1141:
5275:
2782:
2062:
1987:
1927:
1039:
539:
284:
2040:
1965:
1777:
980:
702:
Topsell thought the manticore was described by other names elsewhere. He thought that it was the "same Beast which
38:
3219:
Moffitt, John F. (1996). "An Exemplary Humanist Hybrid: Vasari's "Fraude" with Reference to Bronzino's "Sphinx"".
2448:. "XXIII De manticora/Chapter 23 Manticor", p. 139 (Latin text and English tr.). The base text is British Library
3175:
3116:
2939:
1531:
793:
407:
Pliny did not share Pausanias' skepticism. And for 1500 years afterwards, it was Pliny's account, also copied by
4085:
3404:
the monster mantitaur – that's half manticore, half centaur, so human plus lion plus scorpion plus horse – Shlub
2847:
Topsell (1658) is a two volume in one reprint, with the "§ Mantichora" text and woodcut reprinted in pp. 343–345
1124:
5270:
5062:
4558:
2701:
2083:
everything. Accordingly Apollonius asked the question, whether there was there an animal called the man-eater (
1289:
620:
357:
3395:
44:
5225:
5187:
4518:
4458:
3845:
3790:
3755:
3121:
2944:
2275:
1536:
643:
3207:, VIII, 30) which has the face of a man, the body of a lion, and a tail ending in a sting like a scorpion's
752:
3961:
3938:
3894:
3833:
3688:
2449:
1497:
389:
248:
870:
277:("India"), and circulated among Greek writers on natural history, but has survived only in fragments and
3966:
3916:
3911:
3889:
3773:
3470:
3275:
2750:
La constellation poétique du non-sens au moyen âge: onze études sur la poésie fatrasique et ses environs
2726:
1832:
1650:"IV Ἐk tων του αυτου: Κτησίου Ἰνδικων Ἐκλογαι (Ex Photii Patriarchae Bibliothec. LXXII, pag. 144 seqq.)"
502:
293:
2796:
2418:
984:
388:
Ctesias purportedly saw a martichora presented to the Persian king by the Indians. The Romanised Greek
125:
that proliferated in Western European medieval art as well. It has the head of a human, the body of a
5085:
3872:
3838:
3730:
2787:
Popular Treatises on Science Written During the Middle Ages: In Anglo-Saxon, Anglo-Norman and English
2543:
994:
726:, having his mouth reaching on both sides to his ears, and the head and face of a female like unto a
582:
408:
401:
4866:
2825:
1386:
Another embellished feature of this D&D version is that a "bristling mane stretches down back".
5080:
4943:
4857:
4741:
4723:
4513:
4096:
4048:
4023:
3725:
3044:
2032:
1957:
1442:"Chaper 2: The Species and Beyond: Classification and the Place of Hybrids in Early Modern Zoology"
1034:
934:
397:
303:
3629:
3423:
A Medieval Book of Beasts: The Second-family Bestiary : Commentary, Art, Text and Translation
3142:
2969:
2965:
2858:
1881:
1725:
1557:
17:
5137:
5110:
4438:
4383:
4333:
4244:
4234:
4171:
4146:
4081:
4056:
4028:
3928:
3715:
3548:
3527:
3474:
3462:
3445:
3365:
3244:
3236:
2748:
2551:
1909:
1901:
1850:
1745:
472:
345:
114:
4898:
1423:
195:
5300:
5054:
4976:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4368:
4204:
4076:
4015:
3993:
3971:
3855:
3807:
3681:
3605:
3554:
3533:
3504:
3480:
3451:
3427:
3371:
3341:
3279:
3194:
2913:
2865:
2754:
2683:
2228:
2124:
2112:
1678:
1672:
1649:
1578:
1570:
1453:
829:
639:
298:
213:
118:
3599:
3573:
3520:
3516:
3498:
3267:
3129:
3069:
2952:
2792:
2778:
2547:
2220:
2056:
1981:
1544:
1445:
1441:
1437:
544:
The three-rows of teeth are not faithfully represented except in some third family examples.
4822:
4810:
4731:
4533:
4338:
4285:
4280:
4214:
4199:
4141:
4106:
3956:
3951:
3884:
3850:
3778:
3228:
2774:
1893:
1737:
1411:
948:
814:
786:
493:
451:
273:
179:
101:
52:
2581:
240:), i.e., "man-eater". But the name was mistranscribed as 'mantichoras' in a faulty copy of
5237:
5149:
4834:
4679:
4664:
4659:
4594:
4275:
4239:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4066:
4038:
3812:
3735:
3643:
3569:
3327:
2730:
2396:
University College Library (Oxford), MS. 120, Ashmole 1511, fol. 22v., Douce 151, ol. 18v.
2027:
1952:
1855:
1355:
1302:
897:
892:
631:
490:
340:
1426:. Francofuerti ad Moenum: Impensis hæredum Math. Meriani. pp. 114–124 (p. 124a Tab. LII).
1102:, "which in the Persian tongue signifieth a devourer of men" was already pointed out by
5161:
5127:
5120:
4674:
4639:
4431:
4358:
4343:
4323:
4061:
3901:
3795:
3783:
3649:
3268:"Ch. 1: When unicorns walked the earth: A brief history of the unicorn and its fellows"
2885:
2821:
1103:
1059:
1004:
690:
679:
588:, edited by Migne, but this source has been regarded circumspectly as the "problematic
558:
880:
is often referred to as a Manticore. Narasimha, the man lion, is the fourth avatar of
5259:
5209:
5144:
5115:
4775:
4699:
4631:
4579:
3720:
3529:
The Book of Fabulous Beasts: A Treasury of Writings from Ancient Times to the Present
3441:
3272:
Fantastic Creatures in Mythology and Folklore: From Medieval Times to the Present Day
3263:
3248:
3170:
2558:. Patrologiæ cursus completus. Vol. 3. Paris: Apud Garnieri Fratres. p. 85.
2216:
1913:
1525:
922:
856:
663:
167:
153:
3666:
3601:
The Book of Beasts: Being a Translation from a Latin Bestiary of the Twelfth Century
3110:
2933:
5199:
5177:
5132:
5029:
5010:
4985:
4669:
4574:
4136:
4101:
3946:
3879:
3802:
3740:
2982:
1420:
Historiae naturalis de quadrupetibus. Liber 3. De Quadrupedibus Digitatis Viviparis
1008:(2014), though an earlier version of the manual described them as "batlike wings".
797:
674:
527:
2321:
1741:
3585:
3421:
2031:
1956:
1192:
244:, through whose works the notion of the manticore was perpetuated across Europe.
184:
5204:
5019:
4543:
4523:
4391:
4091:
4033:
3635:
3595:
3337:
2121:
Anti-Jewish Propaganda and Humor from the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Period
960:
723:
413:
164:
91:
1279:
XXII. De Cocodrillo (crocodile) intervenes (but this is probably not a hybrid).
5038:
4704:
4694:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4589:
4463:
4421:
4401:
4373:
4353:
3750:
3625:
3361:
3299:
2915:
Banners, Standards, and Badges: From a Tudor Manuscript in the College of Arms
2614:
2179:, 136, figure 60 and pl.3; Pamela Gravestock, "Did Imaginary Animals Exist?,"
2079:, translated by F. C. Conybeare, volume I, book III. Chapter XLV, pp. 327–329.
2044:
1969:
1288:
For Pierre de Beauvais's bestiary (in French), the probable direct source was
1171:
1017:
954:
861:
520:
258:
1127:
5105:
4709:
4689:
4684:
4493:
4295:
4000:
930:
877:
866:
483:
400:
also dismissed the mantichore as a tall tale, according to the biography by
361:
350:
241:
134:
95:
31:
5222:
Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)
3198:
884:
and is described as having a man’s torso and the head and claws of a lion.
67:
Courtesy of The Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering & Technology
1175:
1164:
5194:
4955:
4736:
4621:
4599:
4548:
4528:
4473:
4416:
4411:
4406:
3976:
3906:
3704:
3658:
2894:, quoted from this edition (partly omitted in middle) by Diekstra (1998).
938:
703:
659:
627:), a mythic antelope which should be a separate entry in the bestiaries.
418:
365:
324:
311:
130:
1782:
1210:
1178:
1168:
1161:
792:
The mantyger is glossed as merely a variant reading of manticore in the
4846:
4611:
4604:
4538:
4508:
4488:
4483:
4468:
4448:
4363:
4328:
4307:
4302:
4290:
4270:
4260:
4219:
4183:
4116:
4071:
3867:
3828:
3494:
3240:
1749:
1645:
1022:
392:
was skeptical and considered it an unreliable exaggerated account of a
373:
369:
278:
209:
2017:
1942:
1905:
1620:
1221:
5182:
5156:
4931:
4763:
4616:
4553:
4443:
4426:
4396:
4209:
4176:
4131:
4121:
3862:
3745:
3553:(revised ed.). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
1335:(the aforementioned testament to "centicore") as including manticore.
1012:
968:
902:
881:
781:
The likeness of manticore or similar creatures by another name (i.e.
727:
719:
256:
122:
3232:
1660:. Francofurti ad Moenum: In Officina Broenneriana. pp. 248–249.
1224:
1218:
967:
into the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century French conception of a
1897:
353:'s natural history that contained the misspelling ("martikhoras").
5046:
4798:
4453:
4126:
4005:
3988:
3476:
The Naming of the Beasts: Natural History in the Medieval Bestiary
1350:
1239:
912:
673:
653:
393:
315:
146:
83:
43:
3396:"Krapopolis Review: Beware of Greeks bearing too many poop jokes"
2662:
2660:
2658:
2348:"Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Ashmole 1511, fol. 22v (manticora)"
4907:
4902:
4348:
4224:
4111:
3616:
Translated from the Latin (Cambridge Univ. Library MS. Ii.4.26).
3503:. Translated by Nichols, Andrew. A&C Black. pp. 48–49.
2225:
Beasts and Birds of the Middle Ages: The Bestiary and Its Legacy
1674:
The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks
319:
126:
3677:
774:
A man-tyger (manticore), Lord Fitzwater's (Radcliffe's) banner.
4584:
2690:. Vol. 34. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. pp. 385–389.
2373:"Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Douce 151, fol. 18v (manticora)"
1106:
in 1607. (for further information on Topsell's manticore, cf.
951:, London), and more commonly in the decorative schemes called
933:
representations of the sin of Fraud, conceived as a monstrous
2684:"Titulus I. De Digitatis viviparis Feris. Caput. 1 De Leone."
1477:
1416:"Titulus I. De Digitatis viviparis Feris. Caput. 1 De Leone."
1136:
1122:
489:
Manticore in the bestiary bound in a theological miscellany,
417:(also c. 2nd century), which later evolved into the medieval
271:
An account of the manticore was given in Ctesias's lost book
235:
221:
156:
3027:
3025:
1078:
1067:
1021:, the character of Shlub is depicted as a "mantitaur": half
3673:
3253:
traces the chimeric image of Fraud backwards from Bronzino.
2304:
2302:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
1158:
Pliny has "eyes light-blue, blood-colored body like a lion
2460:
2458:
2276:"A hitherto unknown bestiary (Paris, BnF, MS Lat. 6838 B)"
226:) was its name in Persian, which translated into Greek as
3322:
3320:
2789:. London: Historical Society of Science. pp. 74–131.
2227:. London: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 16.
1696:
1694:
1305:, McCulloch's so-called "H" text, cf. explanatory note,
307:, 3rd century) preserves the same information and more:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2680:
Académie des inscriptions & belles-lettres (France)
2441:
2439:
526:
The thick-maned (and long-bearded) manticore wearing a
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
785:) have been used in heraldry, spanning from the late
163:(martikhórās) This in turn is a transliteration of an
2830:
London: E. Cotes, for G. Sawbridge pp. 343–345.
1227:
which would qualify the statements to be about India.
108:
3333:
Monster Manual: Dungeons & Dragons Core Rulebook
2223:. In Clark, Willene B.; McMunn, Meradith T. (eds.).
1207:(30) §75, p. 74) proposed an emendation of the text
1117:
1115:
1073:
1062:
5170:
5098:
5071:
4995:
4964:
4918:
4856:
4785:
4750:
4722:
4630:
4567:
4382:
4316:
4253:
4192:
4047:
4014:
3937:
3821:
3766:
3193:(in Italian). Boston; New York: D.C. Heath and Co.
1577:. Volume 1: A-M. ABC-Clio/Greenwood. 2002. p. 318.
1377:
Color illustration of the manticore by Jack Stella.
1301:Standard manticore, i.e., such as described in the
523:, with accompanying illustrations, though not all.
3109:
2932:
2700:The "leucrocota" is given written "ceucocroca" by
1640:
1638:
1524:
1154:
1152:
421:some of which contained entries on the manticore.
212:, Greek physician of the Persian court during the
3340:(5 ed.). Wizards of the Coast. p. 213.
2619:The Medieval Bestiary: Animals in the Middle Ages
2548:"De bestiis et aliis rebus III.viii De Manticora"
1471:
1469:
824:The mantyger device was later used as a badge by
519:The manticore has been included in some medieval
2910:Thomas Evelyn Scott-Ellis Baron Howard de Walden
1677:. Princeton University Press. pp. 100–101.
937:with a beautiful woman's face – for example, in
133:or a tail covered in venomous spines similar to
3173:, 1997, Fábula - Tusquets Editores. Originally
3104:
3102:
2927:
2925:
2827:The History of Four-footed Beasts and Serpents.
2080:
1886:Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
905:as a manticore, following Pliny's description.
802:
695:
610:in the cases of bestiaries produced in France.
2556:Sæculum XI Hugonis de S. Victore.. Opera omnia
1575:Mysterious Creatures: A Guide to Cryptozoology
3689:
952:
796:, though the 17th century heraldry collector
349:(c. 77 AD) having relied on a faulty copy of
193:
8:
3074:. London: Stanley Paul & Co. p. 74.
2904:
2902:
2900:
2328:. University College Oxford. 14 October 2016
1999:
1997:
1761:
1759:
318:, plus two rows of auxiliary stings, each a
2051:
2003:
1976:
1867:
1820:
1803:
1765:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1602:
1327:Even though Badke lists Philippe de Thaun (
1216:
1208:
1200:
1159:
959:(grotesque). From here it passed by way of
457:―© Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford
4747:
4044:
3696:
3682:
3674:
3189:Dante Alighieri; Grandgent, C. H. (1933).
3063:
3061:
3059:
2337:With illustrations of siren and manticore.
2252:
2203:
1816:
1814:
1812:
979:In some modern depictions, such as in the
530:is a commonplace design (fig., top left).
2713:
2666:
2582:"Workshop Bestiary MS M.81 fols. 38v–39r"
2530:
2518:
2506:
2464:
2308:
2183:, p. 121. Both name Bodl. 764 as example.
2168:
2149:Oxford University, the Bodleian Libraries
1502:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
693:, in 1607, described the manticore as:
496:MS 3244, ff 36r–71v (early 13th century)
297:, 9th century) serves as base text, but
3604:. Dover. pp. 48, 51–52, 247, 261.
2221:"1. The Art of Memory and the Bestiary"
2113:"Chapter 9. Laughing at the Beast: The
1848:. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short.
1403:
1051:
929:The heraldic manticore influenced some
919:Church of St Mary and St David, Kilpeck
27:Mythical lion beast in Persian folklore
3154:
3093:
3031:
3016:
2996:
2918:. De Walden Library. pp. 211–212.
2808:
2753:(in French). l'Harmattan. p. 73.
1928:Chap. 45. The Crocotta. The Mantichora
1700:
3550:Mediaeval Latin and French Bestiaries
3191:La Divina commedia di Dante Alighieri
3008:
2649:
2640:, p. 26: "three Solinus hybrids"
2637:
2568:
2494:
2485:By comparison of English translations
2445:
2405:
2172:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1292:which derived from Pliny and Solinus.
836:" during the 17–18th centuries, and "
208:The ultimate source of manticore was
7:
3588:. Lipsiae: In aedibus B.G. Teubneri.
3394:Bennett, Tara (September 23, 2023).
3130:participating institution membership
2953:participating institution membership
2098:
1545:participating institution membership
1074:
1063:
826:Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex
819:William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings
684:The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes
605:Confounding with other hybrid beasts
2890:The Historie of Foure-footed Beasts
2811:, p. 48 Fig. "The Mantichora".
2779:"The Bestiary of Philipee de Thaun"
1452:. BRILL. pp. 68–70, Fig. 2.4.
1238:And considered to be based on the
183:
105:
2123:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 333.
1724:Robinson, Margaret (Winter 1965).
1344:The corruption of amalgamation of
762:, c. 1470. This version has tusks.
343:described the "mantichora" in his
145:The term "manticore" descends via
25:
18:Manticore (Dungeons & Dragons)
3578:Naturalis historiae libri XXXVII
3134:; Murray, James A. H. ed. (1908)
3049:An Armory of the Western Counties
3013:Second book, Chapter IX, XVII-XIX
2991:The Academy of Armorie and Blazon
2957:; Murray, James A. H. ed. (1908)
1549:; Murray, James A. H. ed. (1908)
1002:′s 5th edition, according to the
813:The manticore first appeared in
722:, being in legs and Hoofs like a
630:Neither manticore nor leucrotta (
335:
5231:
4897:
4865:
3642:
3628:
3450:. London: Barrie & Jenkins.
2688:Histoire littéraire de la France
2145:"Bodleian Library MS. Bodl. 764"
767:
751:
501:
482:
464:
454:MS. 764, fol. 25r (c. 1225–1250)
443:
247:Ctesias was also later cited by
5291:Human-headed mythical creatures
3465:, Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. 1976
3084:Cott. MS. Cleop. C. v. fol. 59.
3047:; Twigge, Robert, eds. (1898).
2864:. Egbert Forsten. p. 528.
2729:(1911) McCulloch explains that
2613:Badke, David (26 August 2022).
2452:11283, dated to 1180s by Clark.
2077:The Life of Apollonius of Tyana
1658:Ctesiae Cnidii operum reliquiae
1618:Scholfield, A. F. (tr.) (1918)
2987:"Second book, Chapter X, LIII"
2795:" corresponds to folio 50r of
2423:Bodleian Library MS. Bodl. 764
2419:"British Library Add MS 11283"
2119:. In Classen, Albrecht (ed.).
2039:. Translated by Rackham, Ha.;
1964:. Translated by Rackham, Ha.;
1780:; Ormerod, H.A. (tr.), (1918)
372:, with a voice like the pipe (
1:
3547:McCulloch, Florence (1962) .
3479:. Duckworth. pp. 51–53.
3068:Rothery, Guy Cadogan (1915).
2857:Diekstra, Frans N.M. (1998).
2043:; Eichholz, D.E. – via
1968:; Eichholz, D.E. – via
1742:10.1080/0015587X.1965.9717018
1654:Baehr, Johann Christian Felix
1331:) as well as a manuscript of
714:" and also, the same as the "
650:Post-medieval natural history
4988:(metal in the United States)
2799:digitized @ British Library.
2476:By comparison of Latin texts
2177:Saracens, Demons, & Jews
1573:" s.v., Eberhart, George M.
1079:
1068:
944:Venus, Cupid, Folly and Time
859:linked the manticore to the
758:Manticore/mantyger badge of
364:. But he also described the
281:preserved by later writers.
257:
96:
5286:Persian legendary creatures
3532:. Oxford University Press.
2733:(Gossouin de Metz), in his
821:; and in the 16th century.
109:
5317:
5281:Mythological human hybrids
3420:Clark, Willene B. (2006).
3051:. J.G. Commin. p. 89.
2544:Pseudo-Hugo de St. Vicotor
1823:, pp. 48–49. Ctesias
1768:, pp. 62–63. Ctesias
1671:Stoneman, Richard (2021).
1626:(Loeb Classical Library);
1622:Characteristics of Animals
1605:, pp. 61–62. Ctesias
1478:
1137:
1123:
1121:Greek, "red like cinnabar
981:tabletop role-playing game
817:in c. 1470, as a badge of
236:
222:
157:
121:, similar to the Egyptian
39:Manticore (disambiguation)
36:
29:
5218:
3711:
3117:Oxford English Dictionary
2940:Oxford English Dictionary
2586:Morgan Library and Museum
2280:Rivista di studi testuali
1532:Oxford English Dictionary
1448:; Smith, Paul J. (eds.).
1303:pseudo Hugo de St. Victor
718:, about the bigness of a
590:De bestiis et aliis rebus
586:De bestiis et aliis rebus
540:second family manuscripts
336:Pliny's Aethiopian beasts
194:
60:Copperplate engraving by
48:Manticore or "Martigora".
3661:. The Medieval Bestiary.
3447:The Heraldic Imagination
2615:"Manuscripts: Manticore"
2467:"Manticore", pp. 142–143
2253:George & Yapp (1991)
2204:George & Yapp (1991)
2015:Alternatively cited as
1290:Honorius Augustodunensis
1072:"man" (as in human) and
901:, depicted the mythical
789:into the modern period.
437:Manticores in bestiaries
30:Not to be confused with
5226:List of oldest heraldry
3122:Oxford University Press
2993:. Chester. p. 212.
2945:Oxford University Press
2034:Natural History. Book 8
1959:Natural History. Book 8
1537:Oxford University Press
1096:was otherwise known as
865:, a monster feeding on
3565:; , C. N. Potter, 1976
3471:Yapp, William Brunsdon
2892:. London. p. 442.
2111:Wiedl, Birgit (2010).
2089:
2075:Flavius Philostratus,
2006:, p. 63. Ctesias
1880:George, Wilma (1968).
1726:"Some Fabulous Beasts"
1217:
1209:
1160:
985:Dungeons & Dragons
953:
926:
807:
760:William, Lord Hastings
745:Manticores in heraldry
700:
687:
671:
635:
614:French mistransmission
562:
380:) mixed with trumpet.
360:) within a passage on
71:
5296:Mythological monsters
3304:Encyclopedia Exandria
3276:Bloomsbury Publishing
3221:Renaissance Quarterly
3015:, p. 175, quoted in
2747:Uhl, Patrice (1999).
2181:The Mark of the Beast
1784:Description of Greece
916:
677:
657:
512:Latin 6838 B, fo.010r
178:stem, 'to eat' (Mod.
47:
5266:Mythological felines
3370:. TSR. p. 246.
3336:. Co-lead design by
3071:A. B. C. of Heraldry
3045:Baring-Gould, Sabine
2669:, p. 191, n205.
2274:Dines, Ilya (2005).
1775:. Pausanias 9.21.4.;
1195:(ed., 1857. Plinius
1135:"; "light-blue eyes
995:Magic: The Gathering
992:) and the card game
583:Hugh of Saint Victor
548:Manuscripts and text
267:Classical literature
204:); i.e., man-eater.
129:, and the tail of a
37:For other uses, see
5238:Heraldry portal
4665:Hastings/Hungerford
3952:Crowns and coronets
3924:National traditions
3330:, ed. (July 2003).
3157:, pp. 114–117.
3120:(Online ed.).
3034:, pp. 115–116.
2943:(Online ed.).
2521:, pp. 142–143.
2326:News & Features
1926:Bostock, John ed. "
1736:(4): 274, 277–278.
1535:(Online ed.).
1446:Enenkel, Karl A. E.
1438:Enenkel, Karl A. E.
1193:Carl (Karl) Mayhoff
1035:Chimera (mythology)
1015:television series,
871:Andalusian folklore
668:Historiae animalium
471:Manticore from the
398:Apollonius of Tyana
304:De Natura Animalium
57:Historiae Naturalis
5276:Mythological lions
4622:Waterlily/Seeblatt
3846:Ancient and modern
3526:Nigg, Joe (1999).
3469:George, Wilma B.;
3205:Historia Naturalis
3176:South from Granada
2797:Cotton MS Nero A V
2588:. 27 February 2018
2322:"MS 120: Bestiary"
2052:Mayhoff ed. (1875)
2004:Nichols tr. (2013)
1977:Mayhoff ed. (1875)
1868:Nichols tr. (2013)
1851:A Latin Dictionary
1821:Nichols tr. (2013)
1804:Nichols tr. (2013)
1766:Nichols tr. (2013)
1603:Nichols tr. (2013)
1329:MS Cotton Nero A V
1201:Mayhoff ed. (1875)
1040:Mythological lions
1025:, half manticore.
927:
688:
672:
658:A manticore and a
644:Anglo-Norman verse
473:Rochester Bestiary
346:Naturalis Historia
214:Achaemenid dynasty
115:legendary creature
72:
5253:
5252:
5094:
5093:
5032:(color in Canada)
4718:
4717:
3574:"Liber VIII. §75"
3500:Ctesias: On India
3426:. Boydell Press.
3347:978-0-7869-6561-8
3285:978-1-3500-5925-2
3169:, pages 190-193,
3167:Al Sur de Granada
3128:(Subscription or
2951:(Subscription or
2793:Cocodrille, p. 85
2775:Philippe de Thaun
2552:Migne, J.P. Felix
2057:Latin text, p. 74
1982:Latin text, p. 82
1543:(Subscription or
1495:according to the
1412:Jonston, Johannes
1046:Explanatory notes
917:Manticore at the
830:Anthony Babyngton
640:Philippe de Thaun
119:Persian mythology
68:
16:(Redirected from
5308:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5074:
5061:
5053:
5045:
5037:
5027:
5017:
5009:
5006:
4998:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4954:
4951:
4942:
4939:
4930:
4927:
4901:
4869:
4845:
4842:
4833:
4830:
4821:
4818:
4809:
4806:
4797:
4794:
4774:
4771:
4762:
4759:
4748:
4732:Rule of tincture
4449:Griffin/Keythong
4045:
3736:Officers of arms
3698:
3691:
3684:
3675:
3670:
3669:. Theoi Project.
3662:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3615:
3589:
3586:Mayhoff, Carolus
3584:. Translated by
3564:
3543:
3514:
3490:
3463:American edition
3461:
3437:
3407:
3406:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3367:Monstrous Manual
3358:
3352:
3351:
3328:Crawford, Jeremy
3324:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3186:
3180:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3136:A New Eng. Dict.
3133:
3125:
3113:
3106:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3065:
3054:
3053:, for "Radforde"
3052:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3020:
3006:
3000:
2994:
2979:
2973:
2959:A New Eng. Dict.
2956:
2948:
2936:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2906:
2895:
2893:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2791:. For example, "
2790:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2744:
2738:
2725:As according to
2723:
2717:
2714:McCulloch (1962)
2711:
2705:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2676:
2670:
2667:McCulloch (1962)
2664:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2610:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2540:
2534:
2531:McCulloch (1962)
2528:
2522:
2519:McCulloch (1962)
2516:
2510:
2507:McCulloch (1962)
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2465:McCulloch (1962)
2462:
2453:
2443:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2377:Digital Bodleian
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2352:Digital Bodleian
2344:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2318:
2312:
2309:McCulloch (1962)
2306:
2297:
2296:BnF Latin 6838 B
2294:
2288:
2287:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2239:
2238:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2184:
2169:McCulloch (1962)
2166:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2073:
2067:
2066:@Perseus Project
2065:
2059:
2048:
2038:
2024:
2001:
1992:
1991:@Perseus Project
1990:
1984:
1973:
1963:
1949:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1843:
1837:
1818:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1721:
1704:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1600:
1585:
1567:
1561:
1551:A New Eng. Dict.
1548:
1540:
1528:
1521:
1506:
1503:McCulloch (1962)
1491:<Old Persian
1489:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1408:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1342:
1336:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1299:
1293:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1214:
1199:viii.21., i.e..
1190:
1184:
1182:
1156:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1133:
1119:
1110:
1090:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1011:In the animated
958:
949:National Gallery
815:English heraldry
787:High Middle Ages
771:
755:
505:
486:
468:
458:
447:
425:Medieval sources
262:
239:
238:
225:
224:
199:
198:
187:
162:
161:
112:
107:
99:
90:; reconstructed
69:
66:
53:Johannes Jonston
21:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5271:Heraldic beasts
5256:
5255:
5254:
5249:
5232:
5230:
5214:
5166:
5090:
5072:
5067:
5059:
5051:
5043:
5035:
5025:
5015:
5007:
5004:
4996:
4991:
4981:
4973:
4965:
4960:
4952:
4949:
4940:
4937:
4928:
4925:
4914:
4852:
4843:
4840:
4831:
4828:
4819:
4816:
4807:
4804:
4795:
4792:
4781:
4772:
4769:
4760:
4757:
4746:
4714:
4680:Hungerford knot
4650:Cavendish/Savoy
4626:
4563:
4378:
4312:
4249:
4188:
4043:
4010:
3933:
3817:
3762:
3707:
3702:
3665:
3657:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3624:
3619:
3612:
3598:, ed. (1984) .
3594:
3568:
3561:
3546:
3540:
3525:
3511:
3493:
3487:
3468:
3458:
3440:
3434:
3419:
3410:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3309:
3307:
3306:. 2 August 2022
3298:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3233:10.2307/2863160
3218:
3217:
3213:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3165:
3161:
3153:
3149:
3127:
3108:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3079:
3067:
3066:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2950:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2908:
2907:
2898:
2886:Topsell, Edward
2884:
2883:
2879:
2872:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2835:
2822:Topsell, Edward
2820:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2727:George C. Druce
2724:
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2016:
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1951:
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1856:Perseus Project
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1424:Matthäus Merian
1410:
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1396:
1391:
1390:
1385:
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1376:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1356:false etymology
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975:Popular culture
911:
893:Dante Alighieri
890:
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840:" in the 19th.
779:
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764:
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662:. Prepared for
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642:'s bestiary in
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491:British Library
487:
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143:
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62:Matthäus Merian
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5162:Trophy of arms
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3791:Ecclesiastical
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3650:Animals portal
3639:
3623:
3622:External links
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3442:Dennys, Rodney
3438:
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3409:
3408:
3386:
3376:
3353:
3346:
3316:
3291:
3284:
3278:. p. 44.
3264:Wood, Juliette
3255:
3227:(2): 303–333.
3211:
3181:
3159:
3147:
3098:
3096:, p. 116.
3086:
3077:
3055:
3036:
3021:
3019:, p. 115.
3001:
2999:, p. 115.
2974:
2968:", variant of
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2877:
2870:
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2833:
2813:
2801:
2783:Wright, Thomas
2766:
2759:
2739:
2735:Image du Monde
2718:
2716:, p. 191.
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2573:
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2410:
2398:
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2364:
2339:
2313:
2311:, p. 142.
2298:
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2240:
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2217:Rowland, Beryl
2208:
2185:
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1993:
1940:Alternatively
1938:Pliny 8. 107;
1931:
1919:
1898:10.2307/750650
1872:
1870:, p. 142.
1860:
1838:
1808:
1796:
1755:
1705:
1703:, p. 48n.
1690:
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1484:
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1422:. engraved by
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1360:
1337:
1333:Image du Monde
1320:
1311:
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1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1244:
1231:
1215:"the same" to
1185:
1148:
1111:
1104:Edward Topsell
1085:
1060:Middle Persian
1050:
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1005:Monster Manual
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876:The Hindu god
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680:Edward Topsell
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404:(c. 170–247).
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251:regarding the
232:anthropophagon
170:consisting of
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3667:"Mantikhoras"
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3212:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3171:Gerald Brenan
3168:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3155:Dennys (1975)
3151:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3112:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:Dennys (1975)
3090:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3046:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3032:Dennys (1975)
3028:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:Dennys (1975)
3014:
3010:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2997:Dennys (1975)
2992:
2988:
2984:
2983:Holme, Randle
2978:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2954:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2935:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2871:9789069801155
2867:
2863:
2862:
2853:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2809:White (1984)
2805:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2760:9782738483485
2756:
2752:
2751:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2571:, p. 13.
2570:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2533:, p. 31.
2532:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2509:, p. 28.
2508:
2503:
2500:
2497:, p. 26.
2496:
2491:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2264:Roy.12 F xiii
2261:
2258:
2255:, p. 51.
2254:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2206:, p. 53.
2205:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2130:9783110245486
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2104:
2101:, p. 79.
2100:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2041:Jones, W.H.S.
2037:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2013:. Pliny 8.75;
2012:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1967:
1966:Jones, W.H.S.
1962:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:, p. 11.
1805:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1778:Jones, W.H.S.
1774:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:White (1984)
1697:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1684:9780691217475
1680:
1676:
1675:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1583:1-57607-283-5
1580:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1505:, p. 142 n103
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:9789004279179
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
987:
986:
982:
974:
972:
970:
966:
962:
957:
956:
950:
946:
945:
940:
936:
932:
924:
923:Herefordshire
920:
915:
908:
906:
904:
900:
899:
894:
887:
885:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
863:
858:
857:Gerald Brenan
851:
849:
845:
841:
839:
835:
831:
828:, and by Sir
827:
822:
820:
816:
811:
806:
801:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
770:
761:
754:
737:
735:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
699:
694:
692:
685:
681:
678:Woodcut from
676:
669:
665:
664:Felix Platter
661:
656:
649:
647:
645:
641:
638:) appears in
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
613:
611:
604:
602:
595:
594:
593:
591:
587:
584:
576:
575:
574:
570:
566:
564:
560:
553:Second Family
552:
551:
547:
545:
542:
541:
535:
531:
529:
524:
522:
511:
508:Manticore in
504:
495:
492:
485:
474:
467:
453:
446:
429:
424:
422:
420:
416:
415:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
347:
342:
333:
327:
326:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
275:
266:
264:
261:
260:
254:
250:
245:
243:
233:
229:
219:
215:
211:
205:
203:
197:
191:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:compound word
166:
160:
155:
154:Ancient Greek
151:
148:
140:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:from ancient
116:
111:
103:
98:
97:*martyahvārah
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
63:
58:
54:
46:
40:
33:
19:
5200:Phaleristics
5133:Roll of arms
5099:Applications
5011:Bleu celeste
4997:Rare colours
4690:Ormonde/Wake
4575:Fleur-de-lis
4478:
4137:Inescutcheon
4102:Crozier head
3947:Coat of arms
3834:Augmentation
3741:King of Arms
3600:
3596:White, T. H.
3579:
3577:
3549:
3528:
3499:
3475:
3446:
3422:
3413:Bibliography
3412:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3381:
3366:
3356:
3332:
3308:. Retrieved
3303:
3294:
3271:
3258:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3204:
3202:
3190:
3184:
3174:
3166:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3135:
3115:
3089:
3080:
3070:
3048:
3039:
3009:Holme (1688)
3004:
2995:, quoted in
2990:
2977:
2972:, Manticore.
2961:
2958:
2938:
2914:
2889:
2880:
2859:
2852:
2826:
2816:
2804:
2786:
2769:
2749:
2742:
2734:
2721:
2709:
2696:
2687:
2674:
2650:Clark (2006)
2645:
2638:Clark (2006)
2633:
2622:. Retrieved
2618:
2590:. Retrieved
2585:
2576:
2569:Clark (2006)
2564:
2555:
2538:
2526:
2514:
2502:
2495:Clark (2006)
2490:
2481:
2472:
2446:Clark (2006)
2426:. Retrieved
2422:
2413:
2406:Clark (2006)
2401:
2392:
2381:. Retrieved
2379:. 2018-01-08
2376:
2367:
2356:. Retrieved
2354:. 2017-04-12
2351:
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2325:
2316:
2292:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2260:
2224:
2211:
2180:
2176:
2173:Wiedl (2010)
2164:
2159:, fol. 025r.
2152:. Retrieved
2148:
2139:
2120:
2114:
2106:
2094:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2033:
2019:
2010:
2007:
1958:
1944:
1934:
1922:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1863:
1849:
1841:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1799:
1783:
1772:
1769:
1733:
1729:
1673:
1666:
1657:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1574:
1565:
1553:
1550:
1530:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1449:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1382:
1373:
1363:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1306:
1297:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1247:
1234:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1054:
1016:
1010:
1003:
999:
993:
989:
983:
978:
964:
942:
941:'s allegory
928:
896:
891:
875:
860:
855:
846:
842:
837:
833:
823:
812:
808:
803:
798:Randle Holme
791:
782:
780:
732:
715:
712:Maricomorion
711:
707:
701:
696:
689:
683:
670:(1551–1558).
667:
629:
624:
617:
608:
599:
596:Transitional
592:" by Clark.
589:
585:
580:
571:
567:
556:
543:
536:
532:
528:Phrygian cap
525:
518:
412:
406:
402:Philostratus
387:
377:
355:
344:
339:
330:
323:
302:
292:
288:
283:
272:
270:
252:
246:
237:ἀνθρωποφάγον
231:
227:
217:
206:
201:
189:
175:
171:
149:
144:
87:
79:
75:
73:
56:
5205:Vexillology
4966:Rare metals
4946:(blood red)
4544:Winged lion
4524:Sea-griffin
4459:Hippocampus
4392:Allocamelus
4034:Fimbriation
3962:Compartment
3939:Achievement
3907:Marshalling
3873:distinction
3731:Law of arms
3716:Authorities
3659:"Manticore"
3636:Asia portal
3362:Gygax, Gary
3338:Mike Mearls
3300:"manticore"
2099:Nigg (1999)
2085:martichoras
1846:mantĭchō^ra
1833:Bibliotheca
1830:, Photius.
1526:"manticore"
1493:martijaqâra
961:Cesare Ripa
569:cinnabar".
414:Physiologus
294:Bibliotheca
289:Myriobiblon
259:androphagos
253:martichoras
228:androphagon
165:Old Persian
92:Old Persian
5260:Categories
5150:equestrian
4934:(mulberry)
4660:Harrington
4590:Quatrefoil
4519:Salamander
4464:Hippogriff
4422:Cockatrice
4402:Amphiptere
4374:Wolfsangel
4354:Portcullis
4266:Black swan
4220:Camelopard
4049:Ordinaries
3967:Escutcheon
3917:impalement
3912:quartering
3895:variations
3813:Attributed
3751:pursuivant
3515:, Aelian,
3310:2023-04-25
3132:required.)
3111:"mantegar"
2955:required.)
2934:"mantyger"
2624:2022-09-06
2592:2022-09-09
2428:2022-09-06
2383:2022-09-24
2358:2022-09-24
2332:2022-09-24
2234:1512805513
2154:2022-09-09
2045:Wikisource
2011:Frag. 45dδ
1970:Wikisource
1882:"The Yale"
1792:Greek text
1773:Frag. 45dγ
1629:Greek text
1610:Frag. 45dβ
1547:required.)
1479:μαρτιχόρας
1394:References
1197:Hist. Nat.
1139:ὀφθαλμοὺς
1094:mantichora
1018:Krapopolis
965:Iconologia
955:grotteschi
888:In fiction
862:mantequero
716:Leucrocuta
521:bestiaries
430:Bestiaries
419:bestiaries
320:Greek foot
263:of India.
218:martichora
174:'man' and
159:μαρτιχόρας
150:mantichora
88:mantichora
80:mantichore
5243:resources
5188:socialist
5111:Hatchment
5106:Bookplate
5086:Carnation
5073:Realistic
4886:Erminites
4724:Tinctures
4675:Hinckaert
4640:Bourchier
4494:Ouroboros
4479:Manticore
4384:Legendary
4359:Reremouse
4296:Przepaska
4225:Hind/stag
4215:Dog/hound
4024:Attitudes
4001:Supporter
3929:Societies
3890:divisions
3839:abatement
3521:pp. 62–63
3517:pp. 61–62
3249:192984544
1914:244492082
1571:Manticora
1558:manticore
1399:Citations
1354:suggests
1252:creators.
1172:sanguineo
1131:κιννάβαρι
931:Mannerist
895:, in his
878:Narasimha
867:human fat
852:Parallels
734:useless.
720:wilde Ass
563:manticora
390:Pausanias
362:Aethiopia
351:Aristotle
249:Pausanias
242:Aristotle
223:μαρτιχόρα
141:Etymology
135:porcupine
110:mard-khar
100:; Modern
76:manticore
32:Manticora
5301:Sphinxes
5195:Logotype
5138:Illyrian
5020:Brunâtre
4944:Sanguine
4881:Erminois
4849:(purple)
4742:Hatching
4737:Tricking
4700:Stafford
4600:Shamrock
4549:Woodwose
4529:Sea-lion
4499:Pantheon
4474:Lindworm
4417:Chollima
4412:Biscione
4407:Basilisk
4329:Crapaudy
4230:Kangaroo
4092:Componée
4086:Łękawica
3982:pavilion
3977:Mantling
3856:courtesy
3851:Alliance
3779:dominion
3774:National
3705:Heraldry
3572:(1875).
3497:(2013).
3473:(1991).
3444:(1975).
3364:(1993).
3266:(2018).
3143:Mantegar
2985:(1688).
2970:Mantegar
2966:mantyger
2912:(1904).
2888:(1607).
2824:(1658).
2777:(1841).
2731:Gauthier
2702:Honorius
2682:(1914).
2546:(1854).
2219:(2016).
2115:Judensau
2030:(1938).
1955:(1938).
1828:Frag. 45
1786:, 9.21.4
1730:Folklore
1648:(1825).
1612:Aelian,
1440:(2014).
1414:(1650).
1176:corpore
1142:γλαυκοὺς
1125:ἐρυθρός
1099:martiora
1083:"to eat"
1029:See also
939:Bronzino
909:Fine art
838:mantiger
834:mantyger
783:mantyger
738:Heraldry
706:calleth
660:crocotta
366:crocotta
325:plethron
312:cinnabar
279:epitomes
131:scorpion
5171:Related
5039:Cendrée
5022:(brown)
4876:Ermines
4847:Purpure
4837:(green)
4813:(black)
4786:Colours
4766:(white)
4670:Heneage
4612:Thistle
4605:Trefoil
4539:Unicorn
4514:Phoenix
4509:Pegasus
4504:Panther
4489:Musimon
4484:Mermaid
4469:Lampago
4439:Enfield
4432:Chinese
4369:Serpent
4364:Scallop
4334:Dolphin
4308:Pelican
4303:Martlet
4291:Szaszor
4261:Alerion
4235:Leopard
4210:Bull/ox
4184:Saltire
4172:Roundel
4147:Lozenge
4117:Flaunch
4082:Chevron
4072:Bordure
4057:Annulet
4029:Erasure
4016:Charges
3880:Canting
3868:Cadency
3829:Armiger
3803:Burgher
3756:private
3726:History
3495:Ctesias
3241:2863160
3199:1026178
3141:, s.v."
2964:, s.v."
2785:(ed.).
2554:(ed.).
2450:MS Add.
1892:: 424.
1750:1258298
1656:(ed.).
1646:Ctesias
1556:, s.v."
1501:, apud
1169:colore
1165:glaucis
1162:oculis
1023:centaur
1000:D&D
990:D&D
935:chimera
898:Inferno
805:quills.
728:Badgers
636:lucrote
409:Solinus
378:fistula
374:panpipe
370:Juba II
285:Photius
210:Ctesias
202:khordan
180:Persian
172:martīya
113:) is a
106:مردخوار
102:Persian
55:(1650)
5183:Emblem
5157:Tabard
5081:Proper
5060:
5055:Orange
5052:
5044:
5036:
5028:
5026:
5018:
5016:
5008:
5005:
4984:
4982:
4977:Copper
4974:
4953:
4950:
4941:
4938:
4932:Murrey
4929:
4926:
4919:Stains
4908:Potent
4871:Ermine
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