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598:) developed in the cotton and wool textiles industry. Later generations of factories included mechanized shoe production and manufacturing of machinery, including machine tools. After this came factories that supplied the railroad industry included rolling mills, foundries and locomotive works, along with agricultural-equipment factories that produced cast-steel plows and reapers. Bicycles were mass-produced beginning in the 1880s.
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household, developed into a separate endeavor independent to the place of inhabitation with production at that time only beginning to be characteristic of industry, termed as "unfree shop industry", a situation caused especially under the reign of the
Egyptian pharaoh, with slave employment and no differentiation of skills within the slave group comparable to modern definitions as
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351:
The first machine is stated by one source to have been traps used to assist with the capturing of animals, corresponding to the machine as a mechanism operating independently or with very little force by interaction from a human, with a capacity for use repeatedly with operation exactly the same on
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facilities. There is some scepticism about the development of the factories of the future if the robotic industry is not matched by a higher technological level of the people who operate it. According to some authors, the four basic pillars of the factories of the future are strategy, technology,
282:
considered production during ancient and medieval times as never warranting classification as factories, with methods of production and the contemporary economic situation incomparable to modern or even pre-modern developments of industry. In ancient times, the earliest production limited to the
593:
Between 1770 and 1850 mechanized factories supplanted traditional artisan shops as the predominant form of manufacturing institution, because the larger-scale factories enjoyed a significant technological and supervision advantage over the small artisan shops. The earliest factories (using the
589:
made necessary by the development of machines which were too large to house in a worker's cottage. Working hours were as long as they had been for the farmer, that is, from dawn to dusk, six days per week. Overall, this practice essentially reduced skilled and unskilled workers to replaceable
419:
are an industrial complex from the second century AD found in southern France. By the time of the fourth century AD, there was a water-milling installation with a capacity to grind 28 tons of grain per day, a rate sufficient to meet the needs of 80,000 persons, in the Roman Empire.
427:'s 1.5 million population, led to the development of large-scale factory milling installations with higher productivity to feed and support the large growing population. A tenth-century grain-processing factory in the Egyptian town of
698:
on the factory floor, introduced in the late 1970s. These computer-controlled welding arms and grippers could perform simple tasks such as attaching a car door quickly and flawlessly 24 hours a day. This too cut costs and improved
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of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled laborers and their supervisors and managers still linger on; however an example of a more contemporary approach to handle design applicable to manufacturing facilities can be found in
1242:
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298:. A source of 1983 (Hopkins), states the largest factory production in ancient times was of 120 slaves within fourth century BC Athens. An article within the New York Times article dated 13 October 2011 states:
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developed, and reinforced their own development through the interactions between factories, as when one factory's output or waste-product became the raw materials of another factory (preferably nearby).
893:
eventually began to dethrone them: the focus of labour, in general, shifted to central-city office towers or to semi-rural campus-style establishments, and many factories stood deserted in local
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people and habitability, which would take the form of a kind of "laboratory factories", with management models that allow "producing with quality while experimenting to do it better tomorrow".
1207:
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1787:
Understanding the role of production and craft specialization in ancient socio-economic systems: toward the integration of spatial analysis, 3D modeling and virtual reality in archaeology
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381:
2006), therefore a date for cooperation and factors of demand, by an increased community size and population to make something like factory level production a conceivable necessity.
605:, which began operation in 1836, was one of the earliest factories to use modern materials handling such as cranes and rail tracks through the buildings for handling heavy items.
2425:
Hales, C (1999) "Why do managers do what they do? Reconciling evidence and theory in accounts of managerial processes", British
Journal of Management, v 10 n4, pp. 335–50
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commodities. Arkwright's factory was the first successful cotton spinning factory in the world; it showed unequivocally the way ahead for industry and was widely copied.
2194:
2416:
Christian, Gallope, D (1987) "Are the classical management functions useful in describing managerial processes?" Academy of
Management Review. v 12 n 1, pp. 38–51
1088:
2383:
Thomas, Dublin(1981). "Women at Work: The
Transformation of Work and Community in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1826–1860: pp. 86–107" New York: Columbia University Press.
3115:
2498:
1433:
2431:
Rodrigues, C (2001) "Fayol's 14 principles then and now: A plan for managing today's organizations effectively", Management
Decision, v 39 n10, pp. 880–89
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just across the national boundaries of industrialized states. Further re-location to the least industrialized nations appears possible as the benefits of
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992:; this action prompted them to further disperse Spitfire production around the country with many premises being requisitioned by the British Government.
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grew as factories spread, each clustering around sources of cheap energy, available materials and/or mass markets. The exception proved the rule: even
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which was able to run at constant speed depending on the number of poles and the current electrical frequency. At first larger motors were added to
2083:
2562:
2419:
Peterson, T (2004) "Ongoing legacy of R.L. Katz: an updated typology of management skills", Management
Decision. v 42 n10, pp. 1297–1308
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188:, or parts and sub-assemblies which are made into final products elsewhere. Factories may be supplied parts from elsewhere or make them from
1173:
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2434:
Twomey, D. F. (2006) "Designed emergence as a path to enterprise", Emergence, Complexity & Organization, Vol. 8 Issue 3, pp. 12–23
1079:
1888:
1835:
2491:
2351:
Thomas, Dublin(1995). "Transforming Women's Work page: New
England Lives in the Industrial Revolution 77, 118" Cornell University Press.
1913:
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is one of a number of manufacturing sites built in dispersed locations in times of war to reduce the risk of disruption due to enemy
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2422:
Mintzberg, H (1975) "The manager's job: Folklore and fact", Harvard
Business Review, v 53 n 4, July – August, pp. 49–61
1620:"factory definition, meaning - what is factory in the British English Dictionary & Thesaurus – Cambridge Dictionaries Online"
463:
1478:
1458:
661:. Highly specialized laborers situated alongside a series of rolling ramps would build up a product such as (in Ford's case) an
497:
3074:
2577:
2437:
McDonald, G (2000) Business ethics: practical proposals for organisations
Journal of Business Ethics. v 25(2) pp. 169–85
1975:
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71:
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1995:
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2003:
1983:
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encouraged the separate development of industrial suburbs and residential suburbs, with labourers commuting between them.
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freed factories of layout constraints and allowed factory layout to be more efficient. Electrification enabled sequential
1640:
665:. This concept dramatically decreased production costs for virtually all manufactured goods and brought about the age of
128:
and water loading and unloading facilities. In some countries like
Australia, it is common to call a factory building a "
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782:
672:
In the mid - to late 20th century, industrialized countries introduced next-generation factories with two improvements:
602:
1521:
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689:
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416:
1722:
The Industrial Revolution in Eighteenth Century: An Outline of the Beginnings of the Modern Factory System in England
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Factory automation with industrial robots for palletizing food products like bread and toast at a bakery in Germany.
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and often with the dual purpose of increasing manufacturing capacity. Before World War II Britain had built many
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620:, but as soon as small horsepower motors became widely available, factories switched to unit drive. Eliminating
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1300:
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964:
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864:, founded in a rural setting, developed their own housing and profited from convenient communications systems.
808:
798:
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466:. The Venice Arsenal apparently produced nearly one ship every day and, at its height, employed 16,000 people.
310:, a cave on the south coast of South Africa where 100,000-year-old tools and ingredients were found with which
67:
31:
1700:
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into brass and was turned into pans, pins, wire, and other goods. Housing was provided for workers on site.
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production. Large factories tend to be located with access to multiple modes of transportation, some having
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1660:
688:, whom his home country initially ignored. Quality control turned Japanese factories into world leaders in
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also provides one of the first examples of a factory in the modern sense of the word. Founded in 1104 in
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bombers. Indeed, on 26 September 1940 this facility was completely destroyed by an enemy bombing raid.
2428:
Mintzberg, H (1994) "Rounding out the Managers job", Sloan Management Review, v 36 n 1 pp. 11–26.
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began approximately 1200–1000 BC. However, other sources define machinery as a means of production.
2016:
Cultural development in the Kur River Basin, Iran: an archaeological analysis of settlement patterns
3084:
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to accommodate the migrant workers new to the area. The factory system was a new way of organizing
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Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome
1597:
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further revolutionized the factory concept in the early 20th century, with the innovation of the
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is the person credited with inventing the prototype of the modern factory. After he patented his
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404:
311:
284:
207:, which usually used natural resources such as water or wind power until those were displaced by
136:
102:
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2168:
A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1730–1930, Vol. 3: The Transmission of Power
1745:
Oates, Joan; McMahon, Augusta; Karsgaard, Philip; Quntar, Salam Al; Ur, Jason (September 2007).
267:
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The rational factory: architecture, technology, and work in America's age of mass production
2098:
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1758:
1636:
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1391:: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present
1360:
1325:
832:
752:
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695:
550:
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431:, for example, milled an estimated 300 tons of grain and flour per day. Both watermills and
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or workshops. Early factories that contained small amounts of machinery, such as one or two
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1592:
1459:
Antiquity and Capitalism: Max Weber and the Sociological Foundations of Roman Civilization
1310:
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989:
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theory developed in response to the need to control factory processes. Assumptions on the
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803:
681:
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609:
546:
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455:
341:... the utilization of machines presupposes social cooperation and the division of labour
166:
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1884:
Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures
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2084:"What Do Bosses Do?: The Origins and Functions of Hierarchy in Capitalist Production"
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was vulnerable to enemy attack as a high-profile target and was well within range of
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117:
106:
75:
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215:, and paper manufacturing were originally powered by water, the term survives as in
17:
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1305:
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a building or set of buildings where large amounts of goods are made using machines
307:
238:) for production of safety matches. Originally built in 1915 for the business firm
208:
189:
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162:
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2019:
1701:
Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC: Holy Warriors at the Dawn of History
3038:
3028:
3003:
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2677:
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1941:
1827:
Grzymski, K. (2008). Book review: The Nubian pharaohs: Black kings on the Nile.
1517:
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933:
917:
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666:
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226:
193:
39:
2217:"What are the significant trends shaping technology relevant to manufacturing?"
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describes a water-driven wheel in his technical treatises. Factories producing
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Archaeology provides a date for the earliest city as 5000 BC as Tell Brak (Ur
272:
185:
43:
1770:
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1951:
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meant that they typically grew up in an urban setting or fostered their own
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were other prominent early industrialists, who employed the factory system.
396:
291:
279:
260:
204:
113:
47:
302:"In African Cave, Signs of an Ancient Paint Factory" – (John Noble Wilford)
231:
2371:
The Magic of a Name – The Rolls-Royce Story – The First 40 Years
1285:
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Some speculation as to the future of the factory includes scenarios with
613:
582:
538:
502:
432:
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371:
235:
144:
109:, and fewer than a dozen workers have been called "glorified workshops".
2476:
1914:"Factory for Romans' favorite funky fish sauce discovered near Ashkelon"
2787:
1393:. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
1194:
1016:
534:
530:
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428:
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211:
in the 19th century. Because many processes like spinning and weaving,
125:
1479:
Ancient Households of the Americas: Conceptualizing What Households Do
70:
facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with
3018:
2702:
2465:
1683:
Greenwood Publishing Group, 30 September 2006 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1064:
1048:
1011:, the need for increased output was met by building new factories in
557:
443:
2466:"Work Spaces: From the Early–Modern Workshop to the Modern Factory"
1976:
A Short History of Technology: From the Earliest Times to A.D. 1900
116:
or warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy equipment used for
2215:
Dickens, Phill; Kelly, Michael; Williams, John R. (October 2013).
1414:
Hozdić, Elvis (2015). "Smart Factory for Industry 4.0: A review".
1198:
1008:
995:
Connected to the Spitfire was production of its equally important
908:
plants) in the late 20th century re-focussed in many instances on
849:
818:
727:
712:
645:
522:
496:
485:
423:
The large population increase in medieval Islamic cities, such as
408:
392:
proving that as early as 2000 BC Kerma was a large urban capital.
389:
353:
319:
315:
295:
266:
250:
225:
87:
1978:
Courier Dover Publications, 24 March 1993 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1659:
E Bautista Paz, M Ceccarelli, J Echávarri Otero, JL Muñoz Sanz –
889:
Though factories dominated the Industrial Era, the growth in the
30:
This article is about places of manufacture. For other uses, see
2266:
Sisteplant Publishers, 2018. ISBN 978-84-09-02350-9 (in Spanish)
879:
844:
129:
2480:
2998:
2277:"El escéptico de la Industria 4.0: 'Personas frente a robots'"
196:
to transform streams of raw materials into finished products.
93:
Factories arose with the introduction of machinery during the
1574:
University of California Press, 1983 Retrieved 12 July 2012
612:
of factories began around 1900 after the development of the
556:
The factory system began widespread use somewhat later when
384:
Archaeologist Bonnet, unearthed the foundations of numerous
2448:
2164:
Hunter, Louis C.; Bryant, Lynwood; Bryant, Lynwood (1991).
1703:
Taylor & Francis, 12 April 2006 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1555:(secondary) (E.Hughes ed) Oxford Companion to Philosophy –
1481:
O'Reilly Media, Inc., 15 April 2012 Retrieved 12 July 2012
82:
each item into another. They are a critical part of modern
2032:
Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology
1416:
International Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technologies
920:
and the lessons of flexible location apply in the future.
1996:
Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-Year History
192:. Continuous production industries typically use heat or
1947:
A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times
1747:"Early Mesopotamian urbanism: a new view from the north"
904:. Manufacturing processes (or their logical successors,
290:
According to translations of Demosthenes and Herodotus,
27:
Facility where goods are industrially made, or processed
294:
was a, or the only, factory in the entirety of ancient
1661:
A Brief Illustrated History of Machines and Mechanisms
1643:
Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007 Retrieved 2012-07-12
835:, factories' needs for ever-greater concentrations of
2472:. Mainz: Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG).
900:
The next blow to the traditional factories came from
155:. Factories manufacturing chemicals are often called
1593:"In African Cave, Signs of an Ancient Paint Factory"
1501:
Transaction Publishers, 1981 Retrieved 12 July 2012
3052:
2971:
2515:
2346:
Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part 1
2135:
Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution
1833:, Online Publications: Book Review. Retrieved from
435:were widely used in the Islamic world at the time.
2388:
2165:
2132:
1524:Whittaker and Company, 1868 Retrieved 12 July 2012
603:Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company's Bridgewater Foundry
581:, England, significantly expanding the village of
403:some time before 350 BC. In the third century BC,
1461:Routledge, 25 April 1991 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1233:Space station modules being manufactured in the
173:, pumps and piping – outdoors and operated from
2172:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London: MIT Press.
339:
331:
300:
1998:MIT Press, 1 July 1991 Retrieved 12 July 2012
525:, operational by 1721. By 1746, an integrated
2492:
1663:Springer, 12 May 2010 Retrieved 12 July 2012
90:being created or processed within factories.
8:
2373:. Cambridge, England. Icon Books Ltd, 2000.
2358:. London: Arms and Armour Press Ltd., 1986.
101:and space requirements became too great for
2239:"The Future of Zero-Gravity Living Is Here"
2193:Bob Casey, John & Horace Dodge (2010).
2058:SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: CONCEPTS AND CASES
1936:
1934:
2499:
2485:
2477:
684:, pioneered by the American mathematician
1912:Borschel-Dan, Amanda (16 December 2019).
1790:(MA). University of California San Diego.
1567:(P Garnsey, K Hopkins, C. R. Whittaker)
2139:. University of Toronto Press. pp.
38:
1546:John Murray 1862 Retrieved 12 July 2012
1378:
1217:rockets being manufactured at the NASA
1037:
874:'s factory-based society, labourers of
537:. Raw material went in at one end, was
181:have most of their equipment outdoors.
161:and may have most of their equipment –
3116:Manufacturing buildings and structures
1866:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1859:
1591:John Noble Wilford (13 October 2011).
2459:. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911.
2091:Review of Radical Political Economics
1889:Springer Science & Business Media
1019:and using a purpose-built factory of
870:curbed some of the worst excesses of
7:
2262:(Man and Technology: 4.0 and beyond)
2055:ALTEKAR, RAHUL V. (1 January 2005).
1477:(secondary) JG Douglas, N Douglas –
1268:Airplanes being manufactured at the
1252:for secondary steelmaking, inside a
1248:A ladle pouring molten steel into a
230:Reconstructed historical factory in
3111:Industrial buildings and structures
2082:Marglin, Stephen A. (1 July 1974).
2018:University of Pennsylvania., 1972
988:had already established a plant at
785:also called the Bridgewater Foundry
450:, several hundred years before the
352:every occasion of functioning. The
135:Factories may either make discrete
86:, with the majority of the world's
2395:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
2356:The Spitfire Story: Second edition
724:Historically significant factories
513:One of the earliest factories was
25:
1807:. Psychology Press. p. 318.
1235:Space Station Processing Facility
112:Most modern factories have large
3054:
3053:
2224:Government Office for Science UK
1284:
1261:
1241:
1226:
1206:
1187:
1172:
1156:
1136:
1120:
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1087:
1072:
1056:
1040:
974:at its parent company's base at
732:Highland Park Ford plant, c. 192
78:items or operate machines which
1830:American Journal of Archaeology
1082:textile factory, built in 1799.
2260:Hombre y Tecnología: 4.0 y más
2237:Fishman, Charles (June 2017).
912:in developing countries or on
329:definition of factory states:
1:
2283:(in Spanish). 13 October 2014
1974:TK Derry, (TI Williams ed) –
1292:Business and economics portal
1182:'s Assembly line (about 2005)
1127:Workers in the fuse factory,
939:Socio-Technical Systems (STS)
364:
357:
275:watermill, UK (14th century).
1571:Trade in the Ancient Economy
1434:"What Are Industrial Sheds?"
878:leading the way in Britain.
783:Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company
2578:Counterproductive behaviour
2464:Uhl, Karsten (2 May 2016).
2348:. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
2195:"Henry Ford and Innovation"
1784:Knabb, Kyle Andrew (2008).
417:Barbegal aqueduct and mills
327:Cambridge Online Dictionary
203:originally referred to the
3137:
2103:10.1177/048661347400600206
1386:Landes, David. S. (1969).
1167:Tool & Die works, 1944
1143:The assembly plant of the
948:
639:
479:
473:
29:
2131:Musson; Robinson (1969).
2061:. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
1763:10.1017/S0003598X00095600
1366:Powerhouse (instrumental)
1341:List of production topics
1145:Bell Aircraft Corporation
823:A factory worker in 1942
763:Slater Mill Historic Site
184:Discrete products may be
3080:Aspects of organizations
2728:Hostile work environment
2344:Needham, Joseph (1986).
2310:Bournville Village Trust
1499:General Economic History
1301:British shadow factories
1007:facility was located at
951:British shadow factories
809:Stalingrad Tractor Plant
799:Ford River Rouge Complex
794:Highland Park Ford Plant
789:Baldwin Locomotive Works
573:in 1769, he established
32:Factory (disambiguation)
3065:Aspects of corporations
2853:Quality of working life
2543:Artificial intelligence
2470:European History Online
2456:Encyclopædia Britannica
2331:Pugh 2000, pp. 192-198.
1881:Selin, Helaine (2013).
1801:Gates, Charles (2003).
692:and production quality.
519:water-powered silk mill
3075:Aspects of occupations
2303:"The Bournville Story"
2021:Retrieved 12 July 2012
1720:Mantoux, Paul (2000).
1389:The Unbound Prometheus
1321:Factory (trading post)
1270:Boeing Everett Factory
1219:Michoud rocket factory
910:Special Economic Zones
860:factory sites such as
828:
758:Portsmouth Block Mills
733:
686:William Edwards Deming
651:
510:
494:
399:was first made in the
349:
335:
304:
276:
264:
243:
51:
3121:Industrial Revolution
2813:Performance appraisal
2563:Computer surveillance
2387:Biggs, Lindy (1996).
1918:www.timesofisrael.com
1522:Demosthenes, Volume 2
1336:Industrial Revolution
1151:, United States, 1944
976:Woolston, Southampton
924:Governing the factory
831:Before the advent of
822:
731:
649:
545:in Staffordshire and
500:
489:
482:Industrial Revolution
470:Industrial Revolution
452:Industrial Revolution
270:
254:
229:
141:continuously produced
95:Industrial Revolution
42:
3106:Manufacturing plants
2958:Workplace harassment
2948:Work–family conflict
2663:Employee recognition
2243:Smithsonian Magazine
1954:. pp. 163–166.
1724:. Harper & Row.
1543:History of Herodotus
1250:Basic Oxygen Furnace
1149:Wheatfield, New York
972:Supermarine Spitfire
778:Harpers Ferry Armory
501:Working day ends at
18:Manufacturing plants
2828:Positive psychology
2723:Health surveillance
2653:Employee monitoring
2648:Employee experience
2643:Employee engagement
2638:Employee assistance
2623:Effects of overtime
2528:Abusive supervision
2322:Price 1986, p. 115.
2030:Adam Lucas (2006),
1520:, Robert Whiston –
833:mass transportation
411:were common in the
363:, the spoked wheel
312:early modern humans
84:economic production
60:manufacturing plant
2858:Queen bee syndrome
1848:on 5 November 2014
1681:Ancient Technology
1641:Theory and History
1598:The New York Times
1356:Plant layout study
1331:Industrial railway
1256:factory in Germany
1195:Danisco Sweeteners
997:Rolls-Royce Merlin
970:Production of the
882:, automobiles and
829:
815:Siting the factory
773:Springfield Armory
734:
690:cost-effectiveness
652:
511:
495:
464:manufactured parts
448:Republic of Venice
405:Philo of Byzantium
306:... discovered at
285:division of labour
277:
265:
244:
240:Wittenberg and son
143:material, such as
52:
3093:
3092:
2818:Personality clash
2763:Kiss up kick down
2402:978-0-8018-5261-9
1444:on 10 March 2020.
1095:Adolph von Menzel
1067:, interior (2011)
1051:, exterior (2011)
872:industrialization
825:Fort Worth, Texas
705:rapid prototyping
696:Industrial robots
567:Richard Arkwright
509:, Finland in 1909
171:chemical reactors
16:(Redirected from
3128:
3057:
3056:
2773:Machiavellianism
2718:Health promotion
2673:Employee surveys
2668:Employee silence
2501:
2494:
2487:
2478:
2473:
2460:
2452:
2406:
2394:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2307:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2171:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2138:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2088:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2052:
2046:
2036:Brill Publishers
2028:
2022:
2012:
2006:
1992:
1986:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1841:. Archived from
1840:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1757:(313): 585–600.
1742:
1736:
1735:
1717:
1711:
1697:
1691:
1677:
1671:
1657:
1651:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1588:
1582:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1538:George Rawlinson
1531:
1525:
1515:
1509:
1495:
1489:
1475:
1469:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1440:. Archived from
1430:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1383:
1361:Software factory
1326:Industrial robot
1294:
1289:
1288:
1265:
1245:
1230:
1213:First stages of
1210:
1201:, Finland (2015)
1191:
1176:
1163:Interior of the
1160:
1140:
1129:Woolwich Arsenal
1124:
1109:
1099:Moderne Cyklopen
1091:
1080:Coldharbour Mill
1076:
1060:
1044:
965:shadow factories
945:Shadow factories
827:, United States.
753:Soho Manufactory
738:Venetian Arsenal
563:was mechanized.
551:Soho Manufactory
369:
366:
362:
359:
347:
271:Interior of the
257:Venetian Arsenal
255:Entrance to the
205:milling of grain
167:pressure vessels
139:or some type of
103:cottage industry
74:, where workers
64:production plant
21:
3136:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3070:Aspects of jobs
3048:
3009:Labour movement
2967:
2908:Toxic workplace
2878:Robotics safety
2808:Parkinson's law
2798:Office politics
2783:Micromanagement
2658:Employee morale
2628:Emotional labor
2613:Divide and rule
2588:Culture of fear
2511:
2505:
2463:
2447:
2444:
2413:
2411:Further reading
2403:
2386:
2354:Price, Alfred.
2341:
2336:
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2326:
2321:
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2250:
2236:
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2219:
2214:
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2209:
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2192:
2191:
2187:
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2158:
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2130:
2129:
2125:
2115:
2113:
2086:
2081:
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2054:
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2013:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1940:
1939:
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1899:
1891:. p. 282.
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1836:"Archived copy"
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1068:
1063:Zeche Ewald in
1061:
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1047:Zeche Ewald in
1045:
1036:
1021:Ford of Britain
990:Castle Bromwich
953:
947:
926:
817:
804:Hawthorne Works
726:
682:quality control
659:mass production
644:
638:
610:electrification
547:Matthew Boulton
543:Josiah Wedgwood
529:was working at
493:as it is today.
484:
478:
472:
388:in the city of
367:
360:
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2603:Discrimination
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2442:External links
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955:In Britain, a
949:Main article:
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891:service sector
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596:factory system
476:Factory system
474:Main article:
471:
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460:assembly lines
440:Venice Arsenal
401:Persian Empire
368: 2000 BC
361: 3000 BC
343:
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179:Oil refineries
149:pulp and paper
107:spinning mules
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2883:Role conflict
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2868:Relationships
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2538:Anti-pattern
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3029:Remote work
3004:Job sharing
2979:Corporation
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2848:Psychopathy
2698:Goofing off
2693:Generations
2678:Empowerment
2523:Absenteeism
2507:Aspects of
1923:18 December
1852:17 December
1637:L von Mises
1518:Demosthenes
1422:(1): 28–35.
1197:factory in
1005:aero engine
1001:Rolls-Royce
986:Supermarine
934:hierarchies
680:methods of
678:statistical
667:consumerism
630:relay logic
622:line shafts
618:line shafts
571:water frame
505:factory in
337:elsewhere:
209:steam power
194:electricity
186:final goods
97:, when the
76:manufacture
46:factory in
3100:Categories
3085:Employment
2984:Employment
2793:Narcissism
2743:Inequality
2738:Incivility
2713:Harassment
2683:Evaluation
2618:Drug tests
2533:Aggression
2509:workplaces
2339:References
2116:2 February
2004:0262660725
1994:A Pacey –
1984:0486274721
1709:0415255880
1689:0313327637
1669:9048125111
1649:1933550198
1604:14 October
1580:0520048032
1507:0878556907
1497:M Weber –
1487:1457117444
1467:0415047501
1254:steel mill
1131:late 1800s
1113:New Lanark
1028:Manchester
930:management
895:rust belts
868:Regulation
862:Bournville
858:greenfield
663:automobile
655:Henry Ford
626:automation
579:Derbyshire
527:brass mill
515:John Lombe
480:See also:
273:Lyme Regis
221:paper mill
217:steel mill
114:warehouses
68:industrial
44:Volkswagen
3058:Templates
2843:Profanity
2838:Probation
2778:Menopause
2768:Listening
2708:Happiness
2608:Diversity
2593:Democracy
2583:Coworking
2111:153641564
2034:, p. 65,
1952:Routledge
1771:0003-598X
1751:Antiquity
1534:Herodotus
981:Luftwaffe
961:air-raids
837:labourers
676:Advanced
587:workforce
458:ships on
433:windmills
397:watermill
386:workshops
346:von Mises
314:mixed an
292:Naucratis
280:Max Weber
261:Canaletto
199:The term
145:chemicals
72:machinery
50:, Germany
48:Wolfsburg
2972:See also
2963:Workwear
2953:Workload
2943:Wellness
2933:Violence
2923:Turnover
2918:Training
2898:Strategy
2888:Sabotage
2863:Rat race
2803:Overwork
2633:Emotions
2598:Deviance
2568:Conflict
2548:Bullying
1944:(2013).
1862:cite web
1278:See also
1215:Saturn V
1003:'s main
999:engine,
928:Much of
906:assembly
854:railways
614:AC motor
583:Cromford
561:spinning
503:Tampella
372:Iron Age
344:—
236:Slovakia
137:products
2989:Factory
2938:Virtual
2873:Revenge
2833:Privacy
2788:Mobbing
2558:Culture
2553:Climate
2312:. 2010.
2281:ELMUNDO
1346:Lockout
1180:Hyundai
1034:Gallery
1017:Glasgow
717:gravity
713:orbital
549:at his
539:smelted
535:Bristol
531:Warmley
507:Tampere
429:Bilbays
425:Baghdad
318:-based
263:, 1732.
247:History
223:, etc.
126:highway
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80:process
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2516:Topics
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2141:491–95
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850:Canals
711:, and
699:speed.
628:using
558:cotton
462:using
444:Venice
415:. The
379:et al.
370:. The
232:Žilina
158:plants
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2733:Humor
2306:(PDF)
2220:(PDF)
2198:(PDF)
2107:S2CID
2087:(PDF)
1846:(PDF)
1839:(PDF)
1373:Notes
1199:Kotka
1165:Rouge
1013:Crewe
1009:Derby
880:Trams
845:slums
715:zero-
577:, in
533:near
523:Derby
454:, it
409:garum
390:Kerma
354:wheel
320:paint
316:ochre
296:Egypt
163:tanks
88:goods
2397:ISBN
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2174:ISBN
2145:ISBN
2118:2019
2063:ISBN
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2000:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1956:ISBN
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1893:ISBN
1868:link
1854:2014
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1767:ISSN
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