464:
446:
359:
These tonal patterns can be represented by kuCVâCVâCVâX, kuĂCVâCVâCVâX, kuĆXCĂĄ, where X stands for a string of phonemes of any length, O for an object prefix, and R for a reflexive prefix, with an adjustment rule to the first two formulae that if X=Ă, the last CVâ can be Ă, and if both are Ă, the
498:. Foreign Service Institute, Washington ("based on the speech of two individuals, representing Manyika varieties of Shona, but with certain systematic emendations in the direction of the more central dialects"). (Recordings of this course are also available on the Internet.)
288:
Certain variations in vocabulary and word prefixes exist. For example, the prefix 'va-' (used in Shona before male names to signify seniority and respect) is replaced by 'sa-' in the
Manyika language. Also the prefix 'va-' used as in people, for example standard Shona
271:
ChiManyika is spoken by people in the northern parts of
Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe, (Nyanga, Honde Valley Mutasa area) whilst ChiBocha is spoken by people in the southern part of Manicaland. Manyika differs from
985:
300:
The verbs in this language are tonally divided into two groups. The tonal patterns of the verbs belonging to one group are as shown below in the case of the infinitive, which has ku- as its prefix:
493:
978:
297:. As a result, the Manyika do not use the prefix 'va' in any form as they pronounce it as either 'sa' or 'wa'. This is how they are generally recognised as being Manyika.
523:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
971:
792:
1874:
999:
224:
516:
785:
1926:
417:
This language has many indicative tenses (such as Remote Past, Recent Past, Past
Progressive, Present, etc.) including negative ones.
509:
477:
778:
74:
1755:
1831:
592:
84:
79:
68:
1767:
1761:
1719:
963:
890:
850:
268:. It includes dialects ChiBocha, ChiUngwe, and ChiManyika, from which the broad Manyika language gets its name.
1931:
759:
238:
243:
99-AUT-ad (north chiManyika incl. varieties -ada to -adk)+ 99-AUT-ae (central chi-Manyika incl. -aea to -aeg)
1046:
865:
577:
532:
1022:
463:
445:
1865:
1315:
801:
546:
273:
1749:
1203:
1197:
1087:
952:
1642:
1052:
815:
1877:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
1309:
642:
1590:
1438:
1402:
1361:
1297:
1279:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1209:
1145:
1081:
1034:
947:
937:
840:
830:
738:
733:
687:
662:
637:
627:
622:
582:
1796:
1790:
1743:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1509:
1497:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1373:
1367:
1355:
1321:
1221:
1215:
1133:
995:
932:
875:
870:
707:
697:
667:
657:
617:
89:
60:
1858:
1837:
1825:
1802:
1737:
1731:
1713:
1701:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1607:
1578:
1560:
1554:
1503:
1414:
1408:
1385:
1291:
1285:
1244:
1139:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1064:
1058:
1040:
1028:
942:
906:
885:
880:
860:
855:
835:
820:
743:
692:
682:
672:
652:
632:
612:
607:
597:
572:
567:
562:
360:
second CVâ can also be Ă, and with one to the last formula that if X=Ă, CĂĄ becomes Ca.
253:
153:
94:
213:
206:
1920:
1808:
1784:
1707:
1526:
1303:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
916:
911:
825:
712:
677:
602:
587:
257:
1725:
1584:
1379:
1238:
845:
717:
647:
160:
363:
The tonal patterns of the verbs belonging to the other group are as shown below:
456:
438:
265:
41:
199:
173:
501:
451:
433:
189:
182:
261:
37:
770:
1349:
277:
1882:
Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
967:
774:
505:
492:
Stevick, Earl W., M. Mataranyika & L. Mataranyika (1965)
414:
The tonal representation would be: kuX, kuĂCVâX, kuĆXCĂĄ.
1817:
1776:
1693:
1616:
1599:
1546:
1539:
1518:
1489:
1394:
1341:
1334:
1271:
1230:
1189:
1182:
1125:
1096:
1073:
1014:
1007:
925:
899:
808:
752:
726:
555:
539:
237:
221:
197:
171:
166:
150:
119:
57:
47:
33:
21:
979:
786:
517:
8:
1906:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones NâS)
1901:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones JâM)
1896:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones EâH)
1891:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones CâD)
1886:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones AâB)
1543:
1338:
1186:
1011:
986:
972:
964:
793:
779:
771:
524:
510:
502:
18:
16:Shona language of Zimbabwe and Mozambique
426:
280:dialects in a variety of small ways.
118:
7:
1864:Languages between parentheses are
343:'to give (something to) oneself',
14:
293:, is replaced by 'wa-' to become
462:
444:
478:New Updated Guthrie List Online
1868:of the language on their left.
382:'to make (somebody) stand up';
1:
325:'to give him (something)',
127:ChiBocha (Southern Manyika)
1948:
1927:Languages of South Africa
1850:
264:and across the border in
26:
760:Mozambican Sign Language
476:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
295:wanhu wakaenda wakawanda
291:vanhu vakaenda vakawanda
53:920,000 (2012â2017)
533:Languages of Mozambique
260:in the eastern part of
1875:Guthrie classification
1000:Guthrie classification
256:largely spoken by the
802:Languages of Zimbabwe
900:Unofficial languages
556:Indigenous languages
347:'to catch oneself',
186: â Manyika
1088:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
926:Immigrant languages
727:Immigrant languages
1720:(Northern) Ndebele
816:Zimbabwean English
809:Official languages
495:Shona Basic Course
1914:
1913:
1859:extinct languages
1846:
1845:
1535:
1534:
1504:North-West Herero
1330:
1329:
1178:
1177:
961:
960:
768:
767:
540:Official language
460:(26th ed., 2023)
442:(26th ed., 2023)
247:
246:
193: â Tewe
1939:
1768:Sumayela Ndebele
1544:
1481:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
1339:
1187:
1012:
998:(Zones NâS) (by
988:
981:
974:
965:
795:
788:
781:
772:
526:
519:
512:
503:
480:
474:
468:
467:
466:
449:
448:
431:
329:'to catch him',
233:
227:
216:
209:
192:
185:
176:
156:
63:
19:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1932:Shona languages
1917:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1842:
1813:
1772:
1689:
1612:
1595:
1531:
1514:
1510:Botswana Herero
1485:
1390:
1326:
1316:Lomwe of Malawi
1267:
1226:
1174:
1121:
1092:
1069:
1065:Ngoni of Malawi
1003:
996:Bantu languages
992:
962:
957:
921:
895:
804:
799:
769:
764:
748:
722:
551:
535:
530:
489:
484:
483:
475:
471:
461:
450:
443:
432:
428:
423:
408:kuzvĂswatanudzĂĄ
319:'to encourage';
286:
284:Characteristics
231:
228:
223:
212:
211:
205:
188:
187:
181:
180:
172:
157:
152:
135:Northen Manyika
115:
64:
61:Language family
59:
50:
49:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
1945:
1943:
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1919:
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1912:
1911:
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1657:
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1247:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1228:
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1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
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1090:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1071:
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1068:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1018:
1016:
1009:
1005:
1004:
993:
991:
990:
983:
976:
968:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
929:
927:
923:
922:
920:
919:
914:
909:
903:
901:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
812:
810:
806:
805:
800:
798:
797:
790:
783:
775:
766:
765:
763:
762:
756:
754:
753:Sign languages
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
736:
730:
728:
724:
723:
721:
720:
715:
710:
705:
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695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
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660:
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605:
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541:
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531:
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528:
521:
514:
506:
500:
499:
488:
487:External links
485:
482:
481:
469:
425:
424:
422:
419:
412:
411:
397:
394:kumĂșswĂĄtanudza
383:
378:'to look at',
374:'to wake up',
357:
356:
353:kuzvĂkurudzirĂĄ
338:
320:
285:
282:
254:Shona language
245:
244:
241:
235:
234:
229:
222:
219:
218:
210: Manyika
203:
195:
194:
177:
169:
168:
167:Language codes
164:
163:
158:
154:Writing system
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104:
103:
75:AtlanticâCongo
67:
65:
58:
55:
54:
51:
48:
45:
44:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
24:
23:
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1763:
1762:South Ndebele
1759:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1741:
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1213:
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1199:
1195:
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1192:
1188:
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1128:
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1030:
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1020:
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1017:
1013:
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928:
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918:
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905:
904:
902:
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892:
891:Zimbabwe Sign
889:
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884:
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520:
515:
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507:
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496:
491:
490:
486:
479:
473:
470:
465:
459:
458:
453:
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440:
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381:
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373:
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365:
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354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
336:
335:kumĂșkĂșrĂșdzĂra
332:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:
302:
301:
298:
296:
292:
283:
281:
279:
275:
269:
267:
263:
259:
258:Manyika tribe
255:
251:
242:
240:
236:
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226:
220:
215:
208:
204:
202:
201:
196:
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184:
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86:
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82:
81:
78:
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76:
73:
72:
70:
66:
62:
56:
52:
46:
43:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
1854:
1572:
1566:
702:
494:
472:
455:
437:
429:
416:
413:
407:
403:
399:
393:
389:
385:
380:kuswatanudza
379:
375:
371:
370:'to leave',
367:
362:
358:
352:
348:
344:
340:
334:
330:
326:
322:
316:
315:'to scold',
312:
311:'to catch',
308:
304:
299:
294:
290:
287:
270:
249:
248:
239:Linguasphere
225:Guthrie code
198:
100:
27:
1170:Sena-Malawi
404:kuzvĂtarisĂĄ
349:kuzvĂpomerĂĄ
317:kukĂșrĂșdzĂra
307:'to give',
217: Tewe
80:BenueâCongo
69:NigerâCongo
1921:Categories
1750:Nhlangwini
1726:Old Mfengu
1667:Phalaborwa
1463:Dombondola
1198:Ndengereko
953:Portuguese
547:Portuguese
457:Ethnologue
439:Ethnologue
421:References
400:kuzvĂmutsĂĄ
390:kumĂștĂĄrisa
331:kumĂșpĂłmĂ©rĂĄ
266:Mozambique
42:Mozambique
28:Chimanyika
1866:varieties
1857:indicate
1643:Khalaxadi
1475:Kwaluudhi
1451:Ndongwena
1421:Ngandyera
1053:Ndendeule
386:kumĂșmĂștsa
345:kuzvĂbatĂĄ
200:Glottolog
174:ISO 639-3
141:ChiJindwi
1555:Korekore
1445:Mbalanhu
1403:Kwanyama
1117:Manganja
826:Chibarwe
643:Nathembo
578:Chitonga
573:Chichopi
376:kutarisa
327:kumĂșbĂĄtĂĄ
323:ku'umĂșpĂĄ
313:kupómérå
262:Zimbabwe
214:tewe1238
207:many1258
138:ChiUngwe
120:Dialects
85:Southern
38:Zimbabwe
1855:Italics
1809:Hlengwe
1591:Kalanga
1579:Karanga
1567:Manyika
1457:Kwankwa
1439:Mbandja
1362:Nyaneka
1350:Umbundu
1251:Makonde
1210:Matumbi
1146:Nyungwe
1082:Tumbuka
1035:Matengo
994:Narrow
948:Chinese
938:Punjabi
851:Ndebele
831:Kalanga
739:Punjabi
734:English
688:Swahili
663:Nyungwe
638:Manyika
628:Makonde
623:Makhuwa
598:Kimwani
593:Gitonga
583:Chuwabu
434:Manyika
372:kumutsa
341:kuzvĂpa
274:Karanga
250:Manyika
179:Either:
132:ChiHera
101:Manyika
22:Manyika
1836:[S611
1807:[S511
1797:Tsonga
1791:Gwamba
1744:Phuthi
1724:[S401
1685:Pulana
1673:Kutswe
1665:[S301
1655:Lobedu
1637:Ngwatu
1631:Kgatla
1625:Tswana
1561:Zezuru
1540:Zone S
1502:[R311
1498:Herero
1469:Esinga
1427:Kafima
1425:[R211
1415:Kwambi
1409:Ndonga
1374:Kuvale
1372:[R101
1368:Khumbi
1356:Ndombe
1335:Zone R
1322:Moniga
1310:Sakati
1302:[P311
1263:Mabiha
1257:Ndonde
1222:Mbunga
1216:Ngindo
1183:Zone P
1168:[N441
1134:Nsenga
1105:Nyanja
1086:[N201
1051:[N101
1008:Zone N
933:French
876:Tswana
871:Tsonga
841:Nambya
836:Koisan
708:Tsonga
698:Tawara
668:Phimbi
658:Nsenga
618:Maindo
309:kubĂĄtĂĄ
278:Zezuru
97:(S.10)
1838:Lenge
1832:Tonga
1803:Ronga
1766:S408
1760:S407
1754:S406
1748:S405
1742:S404
1738:Hlubi
1736:S403
1732:Bhaca
1730:S402
1714:Swati
1702:Xhosa
1683:S304
1677:S303
1671:S302
1661:Sotho
1653:S32b
1647:S32a
1641:S31d
1635:S31c
1629:S31b
1623:S31a
1608:Venda
1571:S13b
1565:S13a
1508:R312
1479:R242
1473:R241
1467:R218
1461:R217
1455:R216
1449:R215
1443:R214
1437:R213
1433:Evale
1431:R212
1386:Mbali
1384:R103
1380:Kwisi
1378:R102
1320:P341
1314:P331
1308:P312
1298:Cuabo
1292:Ngulu
1286:Lomwe
1280:Makua
1245:Mwera
1204:Ruihi
1164:Podzo
1140:Kunda
1115:N31c
1109:N31b
1103:N31a
1063:N121
1059:Nindi
1057:N102
1047:Tonga
1041:Mpoto
1029:Ngoni
1023:Manda
943:Hindi
907:Kunda
886:Xhosa
881:Venda
866:Tonga
861:Sotho
856:Shona
821:Chewa
744:Hindi
693:Swati
683:Shona
673:Ronga
653:Ngoni
633:Makwe
613:Lomwe
608:Kunda
568:Chewa
563:Barwe
368:kubwa
252:is a
161:Latin
95:Shona
90:Bantu
1873:The
1830:S62
1826:Copi
1824:S61
1801:S54
1795:S53
1789:S52
1785:Tswa
1783:S51
1756:Lala
1718:S44
1712:S43
1708:Zulu
1706:S42
1700:S41
1659:S33
1649:Pedi
1606:S21
1589:S16
1585:Ndau
1583:S15
1577:S14
1573:Tebe
1559:S12
1553:S11
1525:R41
1496:R31
1419:R24
1413:R23
1407:R22
1401:R21
1366:R14
1360:R13
1354:R12
1348:R11
1304:Koti
1296:P34
1290:P33
1284:P32
1278:P31
1261:P25
1255:P24
1249:P23
1243:P22
1237:P21
1220:P15
1214:P14
1208:P13
1202:P12
1196:P11
1162:N46
1156:N45
1152:Sena
1150:N44
1144:N43
1138:N42
1132:N41
1111:Cewa
1080:N21
1045:N15
1039:N14
1033:N13
1027:N12
1021:N11
917:Lozi
912:Tswa
846:Ndau
713:Tswa
703:Tewe
678:Sena
648:Ndau
603:Koti
588:Dema
452:Tewe
305:kupĂĄ
276:and
232:S.13
144:Tewe
1818:S60
1777:S50
1694:S40
1679:Pai
1617:S30
1600:S20
1547:S10
1527:Yei
1519:R40
1490:R30
1395:R20
1342:R10
1272:P30
1239:Yao
1231:P20
1190:P10
1158:Rue
1126:N40
1097:N30
1074:N20
1015:N10
718:Yao
454:at
436:at
190:twx
183:mxc
1923::
406:,
402:,
392:,
388:,
351:,
333:,
71:?
40:,
1861:.
1002:)
987:e
980:t
973:v
794:e
787:t
780:v
525:e
518:t
511:v
410:.
396:;
355:.
337:;
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