475:
457:
370:
These tonal patterns can be represented by kuCVâCVâCVâX, kuĂCVâCVâCVâX, kuĆXCĂĄ, where X stands for a string of phonemes of any length, O for an object prefix, and R for a reflexive prefix, with an adjustment rule to the first two formulae that if X=Ă, the last CVâ can be Ă, and if both are Ă, the
509:. Foreign Service Institute, Washington ("based on the speech of two individuals, representing Manyika varieties of Shona, but with certain systematic emendations in the direction of the more central dialects"). (Recordings of this course are also available on the Internet.)
299:
Certain variations in vocabulary and word prefixes exist. For example, the prefix 'va-' (used in Shona before male names to signify seniority and respect) is replaced by 'sa-' in the
Manyika language. Also the prefix 'va-' used as in people, for example standard Shona
282:
ChiManyika is spoken by people in the northern parts of
Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe, (Nyanga, Honde Valley Mutasa area) whilst ChiBocha is spoken by people in the southern part of Manicaland. Manyika differs from
996:
311:
The verbs in this language are tonally divided into two groups. The tonal patterns of the verbs belonging to one group are as shown below in the case of the infinitive, which has ku- as its prefix:
504:
989:
308:. As a result, the Manyika do not use the prefix 'va' in any form as they pronounce it as either 'sa' or 'wa'. This is how they are generally recognised as being Manyika.
534:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
982:
803:
1885:
1010:
235:
527:
796:
1937:
428:
This language has many indicative tenses (such as Remote Past, Recent Past, Past
Progressive, Present, etc.) including negative ones.
520:
488:
789:
85:
1766:
1842:
603:
95:
90:
79:
1778:
1772:
1730:
974:
901:
861:
279:. It includes dialects ChiBocha, ChiUngwe, and ChiManyika, from which the broad Manyika language gets its name.
1942:
770:
249:
254:
99-AUT-ad (north chiManyika incl. varieties -ada to -adk)+ 99-AUT-ae (central chi-Manyika incl. -aea to -aeg)
1057:
876:
588:
543:
1033:
474:
456:
1876:
1326:
812:
557:
284:
1760:
1214:
1208:
1098:
963:
1653:
1063:
826:
1888:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
1320:
653:
1601:
1449:
1413:
1372:
1308:
1290:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1220:
1156:
1092:
1045:
958:
948:
851:
841:
749:
744:
698:
673:
648:
638:
633:
593:
1807:
1801:
1754:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1520:
1508:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1384:
1378:
1366:
1332:
1232:
1226:
1144:
1006:
943:
886:
881:
718:
708:
678:
668:
628:
100:
71:
1869:
1848:
1836:
1813:
1748:
1742:
1724:
1712:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1618:
1589:
1571:
1565:
1514:
1425:
1419:
1396:
1302:
1296:
1255:
1150:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1075:
1069:
1051:
1039:
953:
917:
896:
891:
871:
866:
846:
831:
754:
703:
693:
683:
663:
643:
623:
618:
608:
583:
578:
573:
371:
second CVâ can also be Ă, and with one to the last formula that if X=Ă, CĂĄ becomes Ca.
264:
164:
105:
224:
217:
1931:
1819:
1795:
1718:
1537:
1314:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
927:
922:
836:
723:
688:
613:
598:
268:
1736:
1595:
1390:
1249:
856:
728:
658:
171:
374:
The tonal patterns of the verbs belonging to the other group are as shown below:
17:
467:
449:
276:
52:
210:
184:
512:
462:
444:
200:
193:
272:
48:
781:
1360:
288:
1893:
Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
978:
785:
516:
503:
Stevick, Earl W., M. Mataranyika & L. Mataranyika (1965)
425:
The tonal representation would be: kuX, kuĂCVâX, kuĆXCĂĄ.
1828:
1787:
1704:
1627:
1610:
1557:
1550:
1529:
1500:
1405:
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1345:
1282:
1241:
1200:
1193:
1136:
1107:
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1025:
1018:
936:
910:
819:
763:
737:
566:
550:
248:
232:
208:
182:
177:
161:
130:
68:
58:
44:
32:
990:
797:
528:
8:
1917:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones NâS)
1912:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones JâM)
1907:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones EâH)
1902:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones CâD)
1897:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones AâB)
1554:
1349:
1197:
1022:
997:
983:
975:
804:
790:
782:
535:
521:
513:
29:
27:Shona language of Zimbabwe and Mozambique
437:
291:dialects in a variety of small ways.
129:
7:
1875:Languages between parentheses are
354:'to give (something to) oneself',
25:
304:, is replaced by 'wa-' to become
473:
455:
489:New Updated Guthrie List Online
1879:of the language on their left.
393:'to make (somebody) stand up';
1:
336:'to give him (something)',
138:ChiBocha (Southern Manyika)
1959:
1938:Languages of South Africa
1861:
275:and across the border in
37:
771:Mozambican Sign Language
487:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
306:wanhu wakaenda wakawanda
302:vanhu vakaenda vakawanda
64:920,000 (2012â2017)
544:Languages of Mozambique
271:in the eastern part of
1886:Guthrie classification
1011:Guthrie classification
267:largely spoken by the
813:Languages of Zimbabwe
911:Unofficial languages
567:Indigenous languages
358:'to catch oneself',
197: â Manyika
1099:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
937:Immigrant languages
738:Immigrant languages
1731:(Northern) Ndebele
827:Zimbabwean English
820:Official languages
506:Shona Basic Course
1925:
1924:
1870:extinct languages
1857:
1856:
1546:
1545:
1515:North-West Herero
1341:
1340:
1189:
1188:
972:
971:
779:
778:
551:Official language
471:(26th ed., 2023)
453:(26th ed., 2023)
258:
257:
204: â Tewe
16:(Redirected from
1950:
1779:Sumayela Ndebele
1555:
1492:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
1350:
1198:
1023:
1009:(Zones NâS) (by
999:
992:
985:
976:
806:
799:
792:
783:
537:
530:
523:
514:
491:
485:
479:
478:
477:
460:
459:
442:
340:'to catch him',
244:
238:
227:
220:
203:
196:
187:
167:
74:
30:
21:
18:Manyika language
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1943:Shona languages
1928:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1853:
1824:
1783:
1700:
1623:
1606:
1542:
1525:
1521:Botswana Herero
1496:
1401:
1337:
1327:Lomwe of Malawi
1278:
1237:
1185:
1132:
1103:
1080:
1076:Ngoni of Malawi
1014:
1007:Bantu languages
1003:
973:
968:
932:
906:
815:
810:
780:
775:
759:
733:
562:
546:
541:
500:
495:
494:
486:
482:
472:
461:
454:
443:
439:
434:
419:kuzvĂswatanudzĂĄ
330:'to encourage';
297:
295:Characteristics
242:
239:
234:
223:
222:
216:
199:
198:
192:
191:
183:
168:
163:
146:Northen Manyika
126:
75:
72:Language family
70:
61:
60:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1956:
1954:
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1930:
1929:
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1922:
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1904:
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1604:
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1533:
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1511:
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1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
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1223:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1202:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1118:
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1105:
1104:
1102:
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1095:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1004:
1002:
1001:
994:
987:
979:
970:
969:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
940:
938:
934:
933:
931:
930:
925:
920:
914:
912:
908:
907:
905:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
817:
816:
811:
809:
808:
801:
794:
786:
777:
776:
774:
773:
767:
765:
764:Sign languages
761:
760:
758:
757:
752:
747:
741:
739:
735:
734:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
570:
568:
564:
563:
561:
560:
554:
552:
548:
547:
542:
540:
539:
532:
525:
517:
511:
510:
499:
498:External links
496:
493:
492:
480:
436:
435:
433:
430:
423:
422:
408:
405:kumĂșswĂĄtanudza
394:
389:'to look at',
385:'to wake up',
368:
367:
364:kuzvĂkurudzirĂĄ
349:
331:
296:
293:
265:Shona language
256:
255:
252:
246:
245:
240:
233:
230:
229:
221: Manyika
214:
206:
205:
188:
180:
179:
178:Language codes
175:
174:
169:
165:Writing system
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86:AtlanticâCongo
78:
76:
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
46:
45:Native to
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41:
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34:
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1799:
1797:
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1776:
1774:
1773:South Ndebele
1770:
1768:
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1758:
1756:
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1199:
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939:
935:
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926:
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919:
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913:
909:
903:
902:Zimbabwe Sign
900:
898:
895:
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890:
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865:
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518:
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365:
361:
357:
353:
350:
347:
346:kumĂșkĂșrĂșdzĂra
343:
339:
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329:
325:
321:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
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303:
294:
292:
290:
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274:
270:
269:Manyika tribe
266:
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253:
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215:
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57:
54:
50:
47:
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40:
36:
31:
19:
1865:
1583:
1577:
713:
505:
483:
466:
448:
440:
427:
424:
418:
414:
410:
404:
400:
396:
391:kuswatanudza
390:
386:
382:
381:'to leave',
378:
373:
369:
363:
359:
355:
351:
345:
341:
337:
333:
327:
326:'to scold',
323:
322:'to catch',
319:
315:
310:
305:
301:
298:
281:
260:
259:
250:Linguasphere
236:Guthrie code
209:
111:
38:
1181:Sena-Malawi
415:kuzvĂtarisĂĄ
360:kuzvĂpomerĂĄ
328:kukĂșrĂșdzĂra
318:'to give',
228: Tewe
91:BenueâCongo
80:NigerâCongo
1932:Categories
1761:Nhlangwini
1737:Old Mfengu
1678:Phalaborwa
1474:Dombondola
1209:Ndengereko
964:Portuguese
558:Portuguese
468:Ethnologue
450:Ethnologue
432:References
411:kuzvĂmutsĂĄ
401:kumĂștĂĄrisa
342:kumĂșpĂłmĂ©rĂĄ
277:Mozambique
53:Mozambique
39:Chimanyika
1877:varieties
1868:indicate
1654:Khalaxadi
1486:Kwaluudhi
1462:Ndongwena
1432:Ngandyera
1064:Ndendeule
397:kumĂșmĂștsa
356:kuzvĂbatĂĄ
211:Glottolog
185:ISO 639-3
152:ChiJindwi
1566:Korekore
1456:Mbalanhu
1414:Kwanyama
1128:Manganja
837:Chibarwe
654:Nathembo
589:Chitonga
584:Chichopi
387:kutarisa
338:kumĂșbĂĄtĂĄ
334:ku'umĂșpĂĄ
324:kupómérå
273:Zimbabwe
225:tewe1238
218:many1258
149:ChiUngwe
131:Dialects
96:Southern
49:Zimbabwe
1866:Italics
1820:Hlengwe
1602:Kalanga
1590:Karanga
1578:Manyika
1468:Kwankwa
1450:Mbandja
1373:Nyaneka
1361:Umbundu
1262:Makonde
1221:Matumbi
1157:Nyungwe
1093:Tumbuka
1046:Matengo
1005:Narrow
959:Chinese
949:Punjabi
862:Ndebele
842:Kalanga
750:Punjabi
745:English
699:Swahili
674:Nyungwe
649:Manyika
639:Makonde
634:Makhuwa
609:Kimwani
604:Gitonga
594:Chuwabu
445:Manyika
383:kumutsa
352:kuzvĂpa
285:Karanga
261:Manyika
190:Either:
143:ChiHera
112:Manyika
33:Manyika
1847:[S611
1818:[S511
1808:Tsonga
1802:Gwamba
1755:Phuthi
1735:[S401
1696:Pulana
1684:Kutswe
1676:[S301
1666:Lobedu
1648:Ngwatu
1642:Kgatla
1636:Tswana
1572:Zezuru
1551:Zone S
1513:[R311
1509:Herero
1480:Esinga
1438:Kafima
1436:[R211
1426:Kwambi
1420:Ndonga
1385:Kuvale
1383:[R101
1379:Khumbi
1367:Ndombe
1346:Zone R
1333:Moniga
1321:Sakati
1313:[P311
1274:Mabiha
1268:Ndonde
1233:Mbunga
1227:Ngindo
1194:Zone P
1179:[N441
1145:Nsenga
1116:Nyanja
1097:[N201
1062:[N101
1019:Zone N
944:French
887:Tswana
882:Tsonga
852:Nambya
847:Koisan
719:Tsonga
709:Tawara
679:Phimbi
669:Nsenga
629:Maindo
320:kubĂĄtĂĄ
289:Zezuru
108:(S.10)
1849:Lenge
1843:Tonga
1814:Ronga
1777:S408
1771:S407
1765:S406
1759:S405
1753:S404
1749:Hlubi
1747:S403
1743:Bhaca
1741:S402
1725:Swati
1713:Xhosa
1694:S304
1688:S303
1682:S302
1672:Sotho
1664:S32b
1658:S32a
1652:S31d
1646:S31c
1640:S31b
1634:S31a
1619:Venda
1582:S13b
1576:S13a
1519:R312
1490:R242
1484:R241
1478:R218
1472:R217
1466:R216
1460:R215
1454:R214
1448:R213
1444:Evale
1442:R212
1397:Mbali
1395:R103
1391:Kwisi
1389:R102
1331:P341
1325:P331
1319:P312
1309:Cuabo
1303:Ngulu
1297:Lomwe
1291:Makua
1256:Mwera
1215:Ruihi
1175:Podzo
1151:Kunda
1126:N31c
1120:N31b
1114:N31a
1074:N121
1070:Nindi
1068:N102
1058:Tonga
1052:Mpoto
1040:Ngoni
1034:Manda
954:Hindi
918:Kunda
897:Xhosa
892:Venda
877:Tonga
872:Sotho
867:Shona
832:Chewa
755:Hindi
704:Swati
694:Shona
684:Ronga
664:Ngoni
644:Makwe
624:Lomwe
619:Kunda
579:Chewa
574:Barwe
379:kubwa
263:is a
172:Latin
106:Shona
101:Bantu
1884:The
1841:S62
1837:Copi
1835:S61
1812:S54
1806:S53
1800:S52
1796:Tswa
1794:S51
1767:Lala
1729:S44
1723:S43
1719:Zulu
1717:S42
1711:S41
1670:S33
1660:Pedi
1617:S21
1600:S16
1596:Ndau
1594:S15
1588:S14
1584:Tebe
1570:S12
1564:S11
1536:R41
1507:R31
1430:R24
1424:R23
1418:R22
1412:R21
1377:R14
1371:R13
1365:R12
1359:R11
1315:Koti
1307:P34
1301:P33
1295:P32
1289:P31
1272:P25
1266:P24
1260:P23
1254:P22
1248:P21
1231:P15
1225:P14
1219:P13
1213:P12
1207:P11
1173:N46
1167:N45
1163:Sena
1161:N44
1155:N43
1149:N42
1143:N41
1122:Cewa
1091:N21
1056:N15
1050:N14
1044:N13
1038:N12
1032:N11
928:Lozi
923:Tswa
857:Ndau
724:Tswa
714:Tewe
689:Sena
659:Ndau
614:Koti
599:Dema
463:Tewe
316:kupĂĄ
287:and
243:S.13
155:Tewe
1829:S60
1788:S50
1705:S40
1690:Pai
1628:S30
1611:S20
1558:S10
1538:Yei
1530:R40
1501:R30
1406:R20
1353:R10
1283:P30
1250:Yao
1242:P20
1201:P10
1169:Rue
1137:N40
1108:N30
1085:N20
1026:N10
729:Yao
465:at
447:at
201:twx
194:mxc
1934::
417:,
413:,
403:,
399:,
362:,
344:,
82:?
51:,
1872:.
1013:)
998:e
991:t
984:v
805:e
798:t
791:v
536:e
529:t
522:v
421:.
407:;
366:.
348:;
20:)
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