435:. The masked stingaree has an ochre to gray dorsal coloration with two large, distinctive dark blotches, one forming a "mask" around the eyes and the other at the center of the disc; these blotches may be connected by thin lines along the midline and on either side. The underside is white, becoming darker at the fin margins. The dorsal and caudal fins are black in young rays, and fade to gray in adults. Males and females grow up to 27 cm (11 in) and 31 cm (12 in) across respectively.
66:
575:, though only a small number of vessels are involved. This ray may also be caught incidentally by small-scale fisheries further north, though overall it does not face substantial fishing pressure. When caught, the masked stingaree usually survives to be discarded, though the tendency of captured stingarees to abort their young merits concern. Given the limited conservation threats faced by this common species, the
41:
410:
with angular posterior rims. The outer margin of each nostril is enlarged into a broad, flattened lobe. Between the nostrils is a skirt-shaped curtain of skin with a fringed trailing margin, that conceals the small mouth. The lower jaw bears a patch of subtle papillae (nipple-shaped structures);
405:
disc of the masked stingaree is approximately as long as wide, and has a rounded shape. The anterior margins of the disc are nearly straight and converge at an obtuse angle on the fleshy, non-protruding snout. The eyes are modestly sized and immediately followed by comma-shaped
422:
are small with rounded margins. The tail measures 67–86% as long as the disc; it has an oval cross-section and is slightly flattened at the base. There is a single serrated stinging spine on the upper surface of the tail, which is immediately preceded by a rather large
529:-rich histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother; an average embryo increases in disc width from 1.1 cm (0.43 in) in December to 11 cm (4.3 in) in April, to be born in late April or early May at a disc width of 13 cm (5.1 in). The total
466:, and on errant polychaetes, which are generally more mobile and shallowly buried. The expanded lobes and sensory papillae adjacent to its mouth likely aid in locating and excavating such burrowing prey. Young rays feed mainly on crustaceans, including
486:. With age polychaetes are added to the diet; sedentary polychaetes are significant to rays 13–29 cm (5.1–11.4 in) across, while errant polychaetes become progressively more important such as that the largest rays eat little else.
252:
disc, one of which encompasses its eyes like a mask. The outer rims of its nostrils are expanded into prominent lobes, while between the nostrils is a skirt-like curtain of skin with a deeply fringed trailing margin. Its tail bears a small
247:
some distance from shore, though it can be found in very shallow water or to a depth of 115 m (377 ft). The masked stingaree can be identified by the two large, dark blotches on the upper surface of its rounded
792:
Platell, M.E. & I.C. Potter (15 June 2001). "Partitioning of food resources amongst 18 abundant benthic carnivorous fish species in marine waters on the lower west coast of
Australia".
705:
Platell, M.E.; I.C. Potter & K.R. Clarke (1998). "Resource partitioning by four species of elasmobranchs (Batoidea: Urolophidae) in coastal waters of temperate
Australia".
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583:. This species would potentially benefit from the implementation of the 2004 Australian National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks.
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at around 22 cm (8.7 in) across and females at 23 cm (9.1 in) across; both sexes mature on average at four years of age. The
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377:, the masked stingaree is one of the most abundant representatives of its family within its range, particularly in the south. This
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341:, meaning "masked") in reference to its distinctive coloration. A male 23 cm (9.1 in) across was designated as the
999:
819:
White, W.T.; N.G. Hall & I.C. Potter (April 2002). "Reproductive biology and growth during pre- and postnatal life of
533:, including diapause, lasts 10–12 months. Females grow more slowly and to a larger ultimate size than males. Males
411:
there are also 3–4 papillae on the floor of the month. The small teeth have roughly oval bases. The five pairs of
65:
916:
903:
767:
Last, P.R. & L.J.V. Compagno (1999). "Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae". In
Carpenter, K.E. & V.H. Niem (eds.).
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result in the ray being released alive, though it does have a tendency to abort any unborn young during capture.
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385:, and seems to be most common in offshore waters 20–35 m (66–115 ft) deep. It favors sandy flats and
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FAO identification guide for fishery purposes: The living marine resources of the
Western Central Pacific
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are also taken. This species preys on both sedentary polychaetes, which generally inhabit deeply buried
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ray has been reported from the shore to a depth of 115 m (377 ft) on the
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771:. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. pp. 1469–1476.
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Peter Last and Martin Gomon described the masked stingaree in a 1987 issue of
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272:, with a general shift from the latter to the former as the ray ages. It is
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300:. Fishing pressure on this species is largely limited to a small number of
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are the predominant sources of food for the masked stingaree; on occasion
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beds. There is no evidence of segregation by age or sex, or of seasonal
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743:(second ed.). Harvard University Press. p. 408–409.
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497:(the left) and produce a single pup (rarely two) per year.
261:. This species grows up to 31 cm (12 in) across.
264:
The diet of the masked stingaree consists primarily of
257:
just before the stinging spine, and end in a leaf-like
431:, and lacks lateral fin folds. The skin is devoid of
878:
762:
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794:Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
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521:) within the uterus until November. Afterward the
659:"New Australian fishes. Part 15. New species of
541:is 10 years for males and 16 years for females.
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657:Last, P.R. & M.F. Gomon (31 October 1987).
636:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T60084A68648341.en
577:International Union for Conservation of Nature
489:Like other stingrays, the masked stingaree is
294:International Union for Conservation of Nature
243:. It prefers moderately deep areas of sand or
427:. The tail ends in an elongated, leaf-shaped
296:(IUCN) has listed the masked stingaree under
292:and birthing in late April or early May. The
288:for the egg, followed by rapid growth of the
8:
866:
671:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
325:Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria
39:
20:
682:
634:
592:
571:regularly take the masked stingaree as
739:Last, P.R. & J.D. Stevens (2009).
509:eggs are enclosed by a delicate brown
525:develop rapidly and are sustained by
7:
1091:6DBF3949-7359-4608-A5FD-314EA7810BFC
1065:5F76CC2D-8058-DF32-E7A6-82709D25FF31
1114:IUCN Red List least concern species
622:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
493:. Females have a single functional
345:; it was collected by the research
284:consists of a five-month period of
280:milk"). The 10–12-month long
14:
505:occur from mid-June to mid-July;
369:Found off Western Australia from
1124:Marine fish of Western Australia
827:(Batoidea : Urolophidae)".
611:Kyne, P.M.; White, W.T. (2019).
64:
1:
1134:Taxa named by Martin F. Gomon
806:10.1016/s0022-0981(01)00257-x
513:and maintained in a state of
16:Species of cartilaginous fish
741:Sharks and Rays of Australia
1129:Taxa named by Peter R. Last
858:Fishes of Australia :
579:(IUCN) has listed it under
1155:
841:10.1007/s00227-001-0756-7
684:10.24199/j.mmv.1987.48.15
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61:Scientific classification
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37:
28:
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365:Distribution and habitat
1139:Fish described in 1987
909:Trygonoptera_personata
880:Trygonoptera personata
860:Trygonoptera personata
821:Trygonoptera personata
615:Trygonoptera personata
217:Trygonoptera personata
190:Trygonoptera personata
719:10.1007/s002270050363
629:: e.T60084A68648341.
491:aplacental viviparous
286:suspended development
274:aplacental viviparous
439:Biology and ecology
313:incidental captures
31:Conservation status
545:Human interactions
361:on 23 April 1981.
353:from northeast of
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1047:Open Tree of Life
872:Taxon identifiers
750:978-0-674-03411-2
383:continental shelf
359:Western Australia
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172:T. personata
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24:Masked stingaree
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539:maximum lifespan
531:gestation period
452:sipunculid worms
444:Polychaete worms
433:dermal denticles
355:Cape Naturaliste
329:specific epithet
327:, giving it the
282:gestation period
266:polychaete worms
239:to southwestern
212:masked stingaree
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852:External links
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835:(4): 699–712.
829:Marine Biology
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713:(4): 719–734.
707:Marine Biology
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800:(1): 31–54.
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677:(1): 63–72.
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661:Trygonoptera
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640:. Retrieved
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403:pectoral fin
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311:. Most such
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159:Trygonoptera
158:
124:Superorder:
18:
969:iNaturalist
642:17 November
460:echinoderms
448:crustaceans
420:pelvic fins
415:are short.
397:Description
270:crustaceans
233:Urolophidae
201:M. F. Gomon
148:Urolophidae
1108:Categories
587:References
507:fertilized
429:caudal fin
425:dorsal fin
413:gill slits
391:migrations
339:personatus
334:(from the
259:caudal fin
255:dorsal fin
114:Subclass:
825:T. mucosa
665:Urolophus
561:fisheries
499:Ovulation
476:cumaceans
472:amphipods
408:spiracles
371:Shark Bay
332:personata
241:Australia
166:Species:
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
987:11126758
943:FishBase
895:Q3284719
889:Wikidata
569:Mandurah
527:nutrient
519:dormancy
515:diapause
456:molluscs
387:seagrass
351:Hai Kung
319:Taxonomy
309:trawlers
245:seagrass
226:stingray
144:Family:
128:Batoidea
98:Chordata
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
51:IUCN 3.1
1086:ZooBank
961:2419413
573:bycatch
551:scallop
523:embryos
511:capsule
480:tanaids
347:trawler
302:scallop
278:uterine
237:endemic
228:in the
222:species
154:Genus:
134:Order:
104:Class:
49: (
1078:283062
1039:283062
1026:495888
1000:564433
974:114625
775:
747:
503:mating
495:uterus
484:shrimp
482:, and
468:mysids
458:, and
290:embryo
230:family
203:, 1987
199:&
1073:WoRMS
1060:Plazi
1052:25719
1013:60084
982:IRMNG
948:27143
935:59F2X
922:72598
565:Perth
558:trawl
555:prawn
464:tubes
336:Latin
306:prawn
1034:OBIS
1021:NCBI
1008:IUCN
995:ITIS
956:GBIF
917:BOLD
823:and
773:ISBN
745:ISBN
663:and
644:2021
627:2019
567:and
553:and
549:The
501:and
446:and
418:The
401:The
349:FRV
304:and
268:and
210:The
197:Last
930:CoL
904:AFD
837:doi
833:140
802:doi
798:261
715:doi
711:131
679:doi
631:doi
373:to
357:in
224:of
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759:^
727:^
709:.
693:^
675:48
673:.
669:.
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619:.
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214:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
