459:. By September, the number had increased to tens of thousands, and the die-off had spread across at least New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Arizona, and farther north into Nebraska. The birds were migrating species, including "owls, warblers, hummingbirds, loons, flycatchers, and woodpeckers". They seemed to be emaciated, as if they had just kept on flying until they dropped. Possible causes of the deaths include climate crisis and wildfires, according to
3566:
3554:
388:, stretching over 201 kilometres (125 mi) of beaches. This included the shoreline in the Phu Loc district, in Thua Thien Hue province. Possible causes include industrial pollution, as government researchers had found that "toxic elements" had caused the "unprecedented" fish mortalities. Concerns were raised about a "massive Taiwanese-owned steel plant" that was allegedly "pumping untreated
3590:
3578:
73:, this was the largest avian mortality event on record in the region. Records of MMEs have been kept since the 1880s. MMEs of this size are rare, however, and few before or since have been as big as the 1904 event. According to the records, MMEs "are always associated with extreme weather events such as a drop in temperature, snowstorm or hailstorm".
555:
adding to the stresses on wildlife. The U.S. Geological Survey's website listed about 90 mass deaths of birds and other wildlife from June through 12 December 2010; Louisiana's State
Wildlife Veterinarian Jim LaCour stated that there had been 16 similar mass blackbird deaths in the previous 30 years.
563:
On the other hand, some mass die-offs appear to be unique because there are no previous records of similar occurrences, or because the likely cause of death can be pinpointed to a novel man-made event that has never previously existed; human technologies of a type or scale unknown at any prior point
55:
Causes of MME's include disease and human-related activities such as pollution. Climatic extremes and other environmental influences such as oxygen stress in aquatic environments play a role, as does starvation. In many MME's there are multiple stressors. An analysis of such events from 1940 to 2012
602:
which reads: "By swearing, and lying, and killing, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break out, and blood toucheth blood," and the prophecy continues "Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of
294:. An investigation by the authorities within the area concluded that the sardines had become trapped within the harbor and depleted the ambient oxygen, which resulted in the deaths. The authorities stated that the event was "unusual, but not unexplainable".
367:
Starting in the summer of 2015 and continuing into the spring of 2016, about 62,000 dead or dying birds were found on
Pacific Ocean beaches from California to Alaska. Some researchers believe that as many as one million
568:
president
Giorgio Tramonti, mass dove deaths like the ones that occurred in Italy had never happened before 2010. The event in Arkansas was attributed primarily to an unexpected temperature change causing atmospheric
546:
According to most scientists, massive die-offs of animals are not necessarily unusual in nature and may happen for any of a wide variety of reasons, both preventable and unpreventable. Natural causes often include
408:
falling to their deaths by slipping on ice while crossing mountain passes. This has occurred when heavy snowfalls have persisted until fall, and have been turned to ice by frequent thawing and refreezing.
516:. Subsequently it was announced that the New South Wales government will treat the deaths as a "pollution incident", thus giving the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) greater investigative powers.
3290:
1983:
183:
fell from the sky in Beebe, Arkansas. Most died upon hitting the ground, but some were living but dazed. Laboratory tests were performed and the
Arkansas Livestock and Poultry Commission, the
560:
events, which have occurred naturally for countless species throughout the Earth's history and for many extant species are often demonstrated to be ongoing, if gradually, in the modern era.
3466:
1157:
3134:
1855:
787:
1950:
1427:
3307:
2743:
2569:
725:
551:, volcanic eruptions, disease outbreaks, and accidental poisonings, while human-caused die-offs are typically due to pollution (especially major oil and chemical spills) and
1331:
1390:
2738:
2606:
1561:
56:
found that these events have become more common for birds, fish and marine invertebrates, but have declined for amphibians and reptiles and not changed for mammals.
2543:
1305:
2252:
2006:
1246:
656:
Fey, Samuel B.; Siepielski, Adam M.; Nusslé, Sébastien; Cervantes-Yoshida, Kristina; Hwan, Jason L.; Huber, Eric R.; Fey, Maxfield J.; Catenazzi, Alessandro;
2485:
253:, Italy. According to Italian news agencies, a huge number of the birds were found to have blue stains on their beaks that may have been caused by paint or
2369:
833:
564:
in history are frequently implicated in catastrophic mortality events. These types of mass die-offs are, then, unusual by definition. According to Italy's
1702:
2628:
2586:
1973:
231:
The Beebe, Arkansas bird deaths were repeated again on New Year's Eve of the following year, 2011, with the reported number of dead birds being 5,000.
3507:
2623:
2208:
1625:
2838:
2559:
2277:
2054:
359:
Mass mortality events are not uncommon for saiga. In 1981, 70,000 died; in 1988 there were 200,000 deaths; and more recently, in 2010, 12,000 died.
1354:
3194:
2983:
1600:
1449:
2151:
1881:
1161:
1767:
2843:
2806:
2660:
2645:
2564:
2213:
2157:
40:) is an incident that kills a vast number of individuals of a single species in a short period of time. The event may put a species at risk of
3502:
2640:
897:
de Bruyn, P. J. Nico; Bastos, Armanda D. S.; Eadie, Candice; Tosh, Cheryl A.; Bester, Marthán N.; Hansen, Dennis
Marinus (19 November 2008).
260:
Over the weekend of 8–9 January, "over a hundred" dead birds were found clustered together on a
California highway, while "thousands of dead
1845:
797:
3524:
2480:
2475:
1940:
1417:
3005:
2783:
2601:
2533:
2523:
2506:
2413:
2220:
3434:
3295:
3252:
2748:
1183:
3361:
3237:
3054:
2257:
763:
307:
1394:
1327:
1110:"Bird mortality from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. II. Carcass sampling and exposure probability in the coastal Gulf of Mexico"
3594:
3232:
3212:
3159:
3111:
2173:
552:
472:
1476:
3351:
3302:
2728:
2690:
2635:
2105:
525:
290:
On 7 March, millions of small fish, including anchovies, sardines, and mackerel, were found dead in the area of King Harbor at
239:
3419:
2703:
2460:
1214:
792:
438:
199:
also fell from the sky in the same incident. A test report from the state poultry lab concluded that the birds had died from
451:
In August 2020, observers reported that hundreds of dead migratory birds heading south for the winter had been found at the
342:. They had gathered in large groups for their annual calving. It was determined that warm and humid temperatures had caused
3529:
3064:
2596:
2014:
3512:
3184:
2713:
2708:
2613:
2490:
2047:
1297:
2723:
2576:
2538:
1057:
212:
1268:
3621:
3616:
3582:
3346:
3149:
3106:
2879:
2801:
2655:
1236:
956:
Putkonen, Jaakko; Grenfell, Thomas C.; Rennert, Kevin; Bitz, Cecilia; Jacobson, Paul; Russell, Don (30 June 2009).
565:
86:
348:, a strain of bacteria that normally lives harmlessly in their tonsils, to cross into their bloodstream and cause
3451:
3126:
3101:
3074:
3036:
2953:
2771:
2618:
2581:
2331:
2100:
2095:
2090:
452:
291:
145:
died in a two-week period. It was suggested, though not proven, that this gender-biased mortality was caused by
3461:
3456:
3387:
3227:
2733:
2698:
2591:
2518:
2359:
2188:
2124:
2085:
1376:
866:
Berkes, F. (1988), "The intrinsic difficulty of predicting impacts: Lessons from the James Bay hydro project",
3446:
69:
In March 1904, 1.5 million migrating birds died in
Minnesota and Iowa during a strong snowstorm. According to
3570:
3492:
3402:
3144:
3116:
2796:
2433:
2040:
1509:
510:
147:
114:
191:'s wildlife disease study group procured specimens of the dead birds. In addition to the blackbirds, a few
3169:
2989:
2931:
2848:
2833:
2718:
2364:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
1912:
349:
3626:
3558:
3204:
3081:
2889:
2349:
2272:
353:
344:
311:
188:
142:
1820:
3397:
3275:
2966:
2936:
2438:
1757:
1121:
1012:
971:
910:
673:
401:
180:
126:
48:. This is distinct from the mass die-off associated with short lived and synchronous emergent insect
1907:
3414:
3189:
2423:
2418:
636:
303:
3242:
3174:
3091:
2941:
2906:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2428:
319:
443:
In 2014 and 2018, heatwaves in
Australia killed significant portions of local bat populations.
163:
In 2003, a rain-on-snow event encased the ground in ice, resulting in the starvation of 20,000
3476:
3139:
2884:
2650:
2443:
2406:
2193:
2147:
1569:
1038:
938:
841:
759:
701:
657:
254:
235:
125:
Ten years later, two strains of bacteria were implicated in the deaths of approximately 1,600
94:
90:
753:
3519:
3086:
3069:
3010:
2901:
2665:
2389:
2262:
2198:
1129:
1028:
1020:
979:
928:
918:
875:
691:
681:
513:
3471:
3392:
3356:
3285:
3259:
3247:
3164:
3096:
2971:
2828:
2450:
2401:
2379:
2007:"Dead birds, dead fish, dead crabs turn up all over the world: Signs of the Aflockalypse?"
1978:
1945:
1422:
1790:
1125:
1016:
975:
914:
677:
509:, following a heatwave. Initially, police attributed the cause to (naturally occurring)
272:
Between 28 December 2010 and 3 January 2011, 100 tons of dead fish washed ashore on the
3424:
3280:
3222:
3217:
3059:
2948:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2528:
2465:
2203:
2183:
2142:
2063:
1762:
1535:
1033:
1000:
962:
933:
898:
696:
662:"Recent shifts in the occurrence, cause, and magnitude of animal mass mortality events"
661:
548:
531:
331:
280:
216:
3610:
3497:
3429:
3154:
2976:
2961:
2896:
2791:
1109:
1001:"Climate Degradation and Extreme Icing Events Constrain Life in Cold-Adapted Mammals"
879:
594:
577:
502:
138:
106:
1974:"Why the Aflockalypse Is Business As Usual For Biodiversity—And Why That's Not Good"
1729:
1677:
1651:
1477:"A new study about the death of 1 million seabirds should scare the crap out of you"
3382:
3179:
2823:
2813:
2470:
2354:
2267:
899:"Mass Mortality of Adult Male Subantarctic Fur Seals: Are Alien Mice the Culprits?"
730:
599:
588:
Some
Christians asserted that the cluster of cow deaths in 2011 was a sign of the
535:
369:
334:
died within a period of one week in a 20 km (7.7 sq mi) area of the
261:
246:
200:
168:
1210:
1082:
610:
was adopted by some media commentators in reference to the 2010–2011 bird deaths.
384:
reported that millions of fish had washed ashore along the coast of north-central
306:. The owner of the cattle has told deputies that he suspected the animals died of
923:
3409:
2926:
2918:
2178:
615:
335:
234:
On 3 January 2011, more than five hundred starlings, red-winged blackbirds, and
152:
17:
1846:"Fact Sheet: The Arkansas blackbirds and 8 other mysterious mass animal deaths"
1562:"Shocking pictures show dead horses at dried-up waterhole in central Australia"
1024:
556:
Sudden or short-term die-offs must also be distinguished from much longer-term
223:
and other species of marine life continued to die in record numbers into 2013.
3441:
2818:
2455:
788:"Mass Animal Die-Offs Are on the Rise, Killing Billions and Raising Questions"
619:
589:
570:
557:
482:
456:
389:
339:
41:
1573:
845:
2396:
1510:"Millions of dead fish on Vietnam's shores raise industrial pollution fears"
1298:"Birds Fall From Sky in California, Thousands of Dead Fish Found in Chicago"
686:
631:
422:
405:
302:
On 14 January, approximately two hundred cows were found dead in a field in
279:
On 3 January, an estimated two million dead fish were found floating in the
110:
45:
1042:
942:
705:
1626:"Dead fish in River Oder on Polish-German border spur contamination probe"
530:
In April 2023, an explosion and subsequent fire at South Fork Dairy, near
1850:
1734:
1273:
1241:
984:
957:
506:
418:
284:
196:
164:
580:
images) above the birds' roosting areas, which likely disoriented them.
179:
Shortly before midnight on New Year's Eve 2010, between 3,000 and 5,000
2374:
1798:
758:(Reprint. ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. p. 28.
490:
404:
in
California, there are several records of large numbers of migrating
385:
315:
220:
192:
155:, an alien species accidentally introduced to the island in the 1800s.
82:
1269:"Dead Birds Fall From Sky in Italy: Mass Animal Death Mystery Solved?"
1134:
726:"The terrifying phenomenon that is pushing species towards extinction"
3377:
999:
Berger, J.; Hartway, C.; Gruzdev, A.; Johnson, M. (18 January 2018).
574:
486:
478:
426:
273:
250:
1941:"Does the Death of 200 Cows in Wisconsin Confirm Biblical Prophecy?"
1703:"NSW to investigate Menindee mass fish kill as 'pollution incident'"
1418:"Does the Death of 200 Cows in Wisconsin Confirm Biblical Prophecy?"
1237:"Birds Dying in Italy: Thousands of Turtle Doves Fall Dead From Sky"
834:"Birds 'falling out of the sky' in mass die-off in south-western US"
2384:
2032:
1601:"Thousands of Migrating Birds Drop Dead Across Southwestern U.S."
203:, with an unlicensed fireworks discharge being the likely cause.
1086:
421:
with temperatures exceeding 42 °C (108 °F) in central
184:
49:
3328:
3033:
2769:
2329:
2241:
2122:
2074:
2036:
1791:"SCIENCE NEWS Mass bird deaths rare, not apocalyptic: experts"
1652:"Menindee: Millions of dead fish wash up near Australian town"
1594:
1592:
1590:
603:
heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away."
3291:
Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
501:
In March 2023, millions of fish were reported dead along the
1882:"'Aflockalypse' now: Hundreds of turtle doves die in Italy"
1391:"Millions of dead fish at King Harbor in Redondo Beach, CA"
264:" (a species of fish) turned up in the harbors of Chicago.
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1450:"Catastrophic Collapse of Saiga Antelopes in Central Asia"
1108:
Haney, J.; Geiger, Hal; Short, Jeffrey (22 October 2014).
3467:
Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change
219:
resulted in about 600,000 to 800,000 bird mortalities.
314:(BVD). Authorities in Wisconsin sent samples from the
215:
that began in April 2010 in the coastal waters of the
3308:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1678:"Menindee: Australia begins mass fish death clean-up"
958:"Rain on Snow: Little Understood Killer in the North"
352:. This event wiped out 60% of the population of this
89:
herds—drowned during their bi-annual crossing of the
1158:"Record Dolphin, Sea Turtle Deaths Since Gulf Spill"
207:
Seabirds and marine life (2010–2013), Gulf of Mexico
52:
which is a regular and non-catastrophic occurrence.
3485:
3370:
3339:
3268:
3203:
3125:
3047:
2998:
2915:
2872:
2782:
2689:
2552:
2499:
2342:
2166:
2135:
1730:"18,000 cows killed in Texas dairy farm explosion"
1058:"Fireworks likely cause of massive Ark. bird kill"
85:of the George River caribou herd—one of Canada's
3508:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
1377:"Two Million Dead Fish Appear in Chesapeake Bay"
666:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
534:resulted in the deaths of an estimated 18,000
2253:History of climate change policy and politics
2048:
1908:"Mark Johnson helps solve bird death mystery"
1184:"Dead blackbirds fall again in Arkansas town"
8:
1821:"La. has mass bird kill just days after Ark"
1355:"Mortandade misteriosa de peixes no litoral"
2370:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
1211:"Mass La. bird deaths puzzle investigators"
363:Seabirds (2015–2016), Pacific Ocean beaches
3589:
3577:
3336:
3325:
3044:
3030:
2779:
2766:
2339:
2326:
2238:
2132:
2119:
2071:
2055:
2041:
2033:
1475:Mogensen, Jackie Flynn (15 January 2020).
1296:Donovan, Travis Walter (11 January 2011).
1083:"911 Tapes Released from Beebe Bird Scare"
65:Migratory birds (1904), Minnesota and Iowa
3135:Adaptation strategies on the German coast
2278:United Nations Climate Change conferences
1880:Taylor, Lesley Ciarula (7 January 2011).
1875:
1873:
1133:
1032:
983:
932:
922:
695:
685:
2839:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation
1934:
1932:
1930:
1758:"Birds Falling From the Sky Not Unusual"
1328:"Thousands of Dead Fish Along Lakefront"
27:Rapid, catastrophic die-off of organisms
3195:National Adaptation Programme of Action
2984:Land use, land-use change, and forestry
648:
133:Fur seals (2007), Prince Edward Islands
2844:Economics of climate change mitigation
2807:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard)
2158:Scientific consensus on climate change
1939:Adams, William Lee (18 January 2011).
1819:McConnaughey, Janet (4 January 2011).
1416:Adams, William Lee (18 January 2011).
868:Environmental Impact Assessment Review
724:Derbyshire, David (25 February 2018).
425:lead to the death of approximately 40
372:may have died in the massive die-off.
322:in order to determine cause of death.
3503:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
1953:from the original on 23 February 2011
1650:Radford, Antoinette (18 March 2023).
1430:from the original on 23 February 2011
7:
3525:Representative Concentration Pathway
2476:Tipping points in the climate system
2152:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere
1986:from the original on 10 January 2011
1858:from the original on 19 January 2011
1770:from the original on 26 January 2011
1728:Bernd Debusmann Jr (13 April 2023).
1624:Strzelecki, Marek (12 August 2022).
1334:from the original on 13 January 2011
1308:from the original on 12 January 2011
1217:from the original on 15 January 2011
1190:. Associated Press. 31 December 2011
892:
890:
888:
832:Weston, Phoebe (16 September 2020).
752:Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P., ed. (2002).
719:
717:
715:
520:Dairy cattle (2023), Texas explosion
3296:Nationally determined contributions
3006:Individual action on climate change
2221:World energy supply and consumption
1353:Coleto, Leonardo (4 January 2011).
1249:from the original on 9 January 2011
1056:Weise, Elizabeth (5 January 2011).
481:and other wildlife occurred in the
77:George River caribou (1984), Canada
3435:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis
592:. They reference a passage in the
25:
3362:Satellite temperature measurement
2967:forestry for carbon sequestration
2258:History of climate change science
1789:Doyle, Alister (6 January 2011).
1508:Harris, Scott Duke (4 May 2016).
477:In 2022, a mass die-off of fish,
447:Migratory birds (2020) New Mexico
326:Saiga antelope (2015), Kazakhstan
308:infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
245:On 5 January, "hundreds" of dead
141:in 2007, some 250–300 adult male
3588:
3576:
3565:
3564:
3552:
3213:Climate Change Performance Index
2005:Bell, Melissa (5 January 2011).
1330:. NBC Chicago. 12 January 2011.
786:Lee, Jane J. (14 January 2015).
473:2022 Oder environmental disaster
3352:Instrumental temperature record
3303:Sustainable Development Goal 13
1972:Walsh, Brian (5 January 2011).
1906:Jackson, Rachel (3 June 2011).
1599:Fox, Alex (17 September 2020).
1534:Rea, Sarah (22 November 2017).
526:2023 Texas dairy farm explosion
240:Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana
187:in Madison, Wisconsin, and the
185:National Wildlife Health Center
101:Harbour seals (1988), North Sea
3420:Climate variability and change
2461:Retreat of glaciers since 1850
1756:Sohn, Emily (6 January 2011).
1676:Housden, Tom (20 March 2023).
1357:(in Portuguese). Parana Online
1209:Addo, Koran (4 January 2011).
1114:Marine Ecology Progress Series
439:Australian flying fox die-offs
105:In 1988, the deaths of 20,000
1:
3530:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
3065:Climate emergency declaration
1560:Cox, Lisa (23 January 2019).
151:, a bacterium carried by the
121:Sea lions (1998), New Zealand
3513:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report
2739:Middle East and North Africa
1156:Viegas, Jen (2 April 2013).
924:10.1371/journal.pone.0003757
880:10.1016/0195-9255(88)90067-4
433:Bats (2014, 2018), Australia
396:Mule deer (2017), California
213:Deepwater Horizon oil spill
113:were found to be caused by
60:Known mass mortality events
3643:
3347:Global surface temperature
3238:Popular culture depictions
3150:Ecosystem-based adaptation
2880:Carbon capture and storage
2802:Carbon offsets and credits
1025:10.1038/s41598-018-19416-9
618:of the words "flock" and "
523:
497:Fish (2023), Darling River
470:
436:
87:migratory woodland caribou
3559:Climate change portal
3546:
3452:Extreme event attribution
3335:
3324:
3075:School Strike for Climate
3043:
3029:
2954:Climate-smart agriculture
2778:
2765:
2338:
2325:
2248:
2237:
2131:
2118:
2101:Climate change adaptation
2096:Climate change mitigation
2091:Effects of climate change
2081:
2070:
453:White Sands Missile Range
292:Redondo Beach, California
3462:Global warming potential
3269:International agreements
2916:Preserving and enhancing
2360:Arctic methane emissions
2282:Years in climate change
2189:Greenhouse gas emissions
2086:Causes of climate change
413:Brumby (2019), Australia
171:in the Canadian Arctic.
3493:Climate change scenario
3145:Disaster risk reduction
2797:Carbon emission trading
2607:U.S. insurance industry
2587:Civilizational collapse
2434:sea surface temperature
687:10.1073/pnas.1414894112
467:Fish (2022), River Oder
159:Muskoxen (2003), Canada
148:Streptococcus sanguinis
115:phocine distemper virus
95:James Bay Hydro Project
3486:Research and modelling
3170:Nature-based solutions
2990:Nature-based solutions
2932:Carbon dioxide removal
2849:Fossil fuel divestment
2834:Climate risk insurance
2744:Small island countries
2365:Arctic sea ice decline
1379:. CBS. 5 January 2011.
350:hemorrhagic septicemia
330:In 2015, some 200,000
298:Cows (2011), Wisconsin
227:Birds (2011), Arkansas
175:Birds (2010), Arkansas
143:subantarctic fur seals
81:In 1984, about 10,000
3447:Earth's energy budget
3330:Background and theory
3218:Climate crisis (term)
2890:Fossil fuel phase-out
2784:Economics and finance
2749:by individual country
2691:By country and region
2666:Security and conflict
2661:Psychological impacts
2350:Abrupt climate change
2273:Charles David Keeling
2106:By country and region
658:Carlson, Stephanie M.
578:Doppler weather radar
354:critically endangered
345:Pasteurella multocida
312:bovine virus diarrhea
189:University of Georgia
181:red-winged blackbirds
127:New Zealand sea lions
3276:Glasgow Climate Pact
2937:Carbon sequestration
2512:Mass mortality event
1604:Smithsonian Magazine
985:10.1029/2009EO260002
417:In 2019, an extreme
402:Inyo National Forest
376:Fish (2016), Vietnam
97:flooded the region.
34:mass mortality event
3415:Climate sensitivity
3190:The Adaptation Fund
2646:Infectious diseases
2553:Social and economic
2011:The Washington Post
1707:www.theguardian.com
1126:2014MEPS..513..239H
1017:2018NatSR...8.1156B
976:2009EOSTr..90..221P
915:2008PLoSO...3.3757D
793:National Geographic
678:2015PNAS..112.1083F
660:(27 January 2015).
637:Harmful algal bloom
304:Stockton, Wisconsin
268:Fish (2011), Brazil
2986:(LULUCF and AFOLU)
2958:Forest management
2942:Direct air capture
2907:Sustainable energy
2864:Net zero emissions
2859:Low-carbon economy
2854:Green Climate Fund
2641:Indigenous peoples
2544:Plant biodiversity
2332:Effects and issues
1854:. 5 January 2011.
1536:"A Slippery Slope"
1245:. 6 January 2011.
1164:on 30 January 2016
1005:Scientific Reports
800:on 19 January 2015
755:History of insects
392:" into the ocean.
3622:Biological events
3617:Natural disasters
3604:
3603:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3477:Radiative forcing
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3140:Adaptive capacity
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
2885:Energy transition
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2481:Tropical cyclones
2407:Urban heat island
2321:
2320:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2194:Carbon accounting
2148:Greenhouse effect
2114:
2113:
1514:Los Angeles Times
1277:. 10 January 2011
1135:10.3354/meps10839
382:Los Angeles Times
380:In May 2016, the
338:desert region of
91:Caniapiscau River
16:(Redirected from
3634:
3592:
3591:
3580:
3579:
3568:
3567:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3520:Paleoclimatology
3337:
3326:
3087:Ecological grief
3070:Climate movement
3045:
3031:
3011:Plant-based diet
2902:Renewable energy
2780:
2767:
2602:Economic impacts
2534:Invasive species
2390:Coastal flooding
2340:
2327:
2263:Svante Arrhenius
2239:
2209:from agriculture
2199:Carbon footprint
2184:Greenhouse gases
2133:
2120:
2072:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2013:. Archived from
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1936:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1505:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1456:. 5 October 2017
1446:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1397:on 12 March 2011
1393:. Archived from
1387:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1213:. 2theadvocate.
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1188:The Boston Globe
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1160:. Archived from
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1089:. 7 January 2011
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1036:
996:
990:
989:
987:
953:
947:
946:
936:
926:
894:
883:
882:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
829:
810:
809:
807:
805:
796:. Archived from
783:
777:
776:
774:
772:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
721:
710:
709:
699:
689:
672:(4): 1083–1088.
653:
211:The months-long
21:
18:Mass mortalities
3642:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3553:
3551:
3534:
3481:
3472:Orbital forcing
3366:
3331:
3312:
3286:Paris Agreement
3264:
3260:Warming stripes
3199:
3165:Managed retreat
3160:Loss and damage
3121:
3055:Business action
3039:
3017:
2994:
2917:
2911:
2868:
2829:Climate finance
2774:
2753:
2685:
2548:
2524:Extinction risk
2500:Flora and fauna
2495:
2456:Permafrost thaw
2451:Ozone depletion
2380:Extreme weather
2334:
2317:
2244:
2225:
2162:
2127:
2110:
2077:
2066:
2061:
2031:
2030:
2020:
2018:
2017:on 17 July 2012
2004:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1913:The News-Herald
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1709:. 19 April 2023
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1506:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1050:
998:
997:
993:
970:(26): 221–222.
955:
954:
950:
896:
895:
886:
865:
864:
860:
850:
848:
831:
830:
813:
803:
801:
785:
784:
780:
770:
768:
766:
751:
750:
746:
736:
734:
723:
722:
713:
655:
654:
650:
645:
628:
586:
544:
528:
522:
499:
475:
469:
449:
441:
435:
415:
398:
378:
365:
328:
300:
270:
229:
209:
177:
161:
135:
123:
103:
79:
67:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3640:
3638:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3562:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3425:Cloud feedback
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3281:Kyoto Protocol
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3235:
3233:Media coverage
3230:
3225:
3223:Climate spiral
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3112:Public opinion
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3067:
3062:
3060:Climate action
3057:
3051:
3049:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2972:REDD and REDD+
2969:
2964:
2956:
2951:
2949:Carbon farming
2946:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2681:Water security
2678:
2676:Water scarcity
2673:
2671:Urban flooding
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:Forest dieback
2526:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2466:Sea level rise
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2439:stratification
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2204:Carbon leakage
2201:
2196:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2143:Climate system
2139:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2064:Climate change
2062:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2037:
2029:
2028:
1997:
1964:
1926:
1898:
1869:
1837:
1811:
1781:
1763:Discovery News
1748:
1720:
1694:
1668:
1642:
1616:
1586:
1552:
1526:
1493:
1467:
1454:UN Environment
1441:
1408:
1382:
1368:
1345:
1319:
1288:
1260:
1228:
1201:
1175:
1148:
1100:
1074:
1048:
991:
948:
884:
874:(3): 201–220,
858:
811:
778:
764:
744:
711:
647:
646:
644:
641:
640:
639:
634:
627:
624:
585:
582:
553:climate change
549:severe weather
543:
540:
532:Dimmitt, Texas
524:Main article:
521:
518:
498:
495:
471:Main article:
468:
465:
448:
445:
437:Main article:
434:
431:
414:
411:
397:
394:
377:
374:
364:
361:
332:saiga antelope
327:
324:
299:
296:
281:Chesapeake Bay
269:
266:
249:were found at
228:
225:
217:Gulf of Mexico
208:
205:
176:
173:
160:
157:
134:
131:
122:
119:
102:
99:
78:
75:
66:
63:
61:
58:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3639:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3597:
3596:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3498:Climate model
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3430:Cloud forcing
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3327:
3323:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3205:Communication
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Vulnerability
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:Flood control
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2977:reforestation
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:afforestation
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Nuclear power
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:Carbon budget
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2629:Mental health
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2570:United States
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
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3340:Measurements
3035:Society and
2919:carbon sinks
2824:Climate debt
2814:Carbon price
2636:Human rights
2511:
2471:Season creep
2429:heat content
2355:Anoxic event
2268:James Hansen
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2015:the original
2010:
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1886:Toronto Star
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1481:Mother Jones
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731:The Guardian
729:
669:
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612:Aflockalypse
611:
608:aflockalypse
607:
605:
600:Hebrew Bible
593:
587:
573:(visible on
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542:Explanations
536:dairy cattle
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201:blunt trauma
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71:The Guardian
70:
68:
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44:or upset an
37:
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29:
3410:Carbon sink
3388:atmospheric
3253:video games
2927:Blue carbon
2560:Agriculture
2539:Marine life
2486:Water cycle
2444:temperature
2179:Fossil fuel
1609:26 December
1545:25 February
1519:26 December
1486:26 December
1460:25 February
1168:26 December
1141:26 December
1120:: 239–252.
1011:(1): 1156.
851:26 December
804:25 February
771:26 February
737:25 February
616:portmanteau
336:Betpak-Dala
318:to labs in
153:house mouse
3611:Categories
3442:Cryosphere
3403:permafrost
3175:Resilience
3127:Adaptation
3102:Litigation
3092:Governance
3037:adaptation
2819:Carbon tax
2772:Mitigation
2709:Antarctica
2597:Disability
2021:23 January
1990:23 January
1957:19 January
1891:19 January
1862:19 January
1830:19 January
1804:19 January
1774:19 January
1434:19 January
1361:23 January
1338:23 January
1312:23 January
1281:16 January
1253:16 January
1221:23 January
1093:19 January
1067:19 January
643:References
620:apocalypse
590:Apocalypse
584:Apocalypse
571:turbulence
558:extinction
514:blackwater
485:, between
483:Oder river
457:New Mexico
390:wastewater
340:Kazakhstan
310:(IBR), or
42:extinction
3457:Feedbacks
3228:Education
2729:Caribbean
2724:Australia
2651:Migration
2614:Fisheries
2565:Livestock
2491:Wildfires
2397:Heat wave
1635:14 August
1574:0261-3077
1540:The Sheet
1194:1 January
1062:USA Today
846:0261-3077
632:Fish kill
606:The term
423:Australia
406:mule deer
356:species.
316:carcasses
274:Brazilian
197:starlings
111:North Sea
93:when the
46:ecosystem
3583:Glossary
3571:Category
3393:biologic
3107:Politics
2999:Personal
2704:Americas
2577:Children
2343:Physical
2136:Overview
2076:Overview
1984:Archived
1951:Archived
1856:Archived
1851:The Week
1825:HuffPost
1768:Archived
1741:13 April
1735:BBC News
1713:21 April
1687:20 March
1661:20 March
1428:Archived
1332:Archived
1306:Archived
1302:HuffPost
1274:HuffPost
1247:Archived
1242:HuffPost
1215:Archived
1043:29348632
943:19018284
903:PLOS ONE
706:25583498
626:See also
507:Menindee
427:brumbies
419:heatwave
285:Maryland
236:sparrows
221:Dolphins
193:grackles
165:muskoxen
3398:oceanic
3248:fiction
3097:Justice
3048:Society
2656:Poverty
2375:Drought
2243:History
2167:Sources
1799:Reuters
1630:Reuters
1579:26 July
1401:9 March
1122:Bibcode
1034:5773676
1013:Bibcode
972:Bibcode
934:2582944
911:Bibcode
697:4313809
674:Bibcode
598:in the
511:hypoxic
491:Germany
400:In the
386:Vietnam
320:Madison
276:coast.
255:hypoxia
109:in the
83:caribou
3378:Albedo
3371:Theory
3082:Denial
2873:Energy
2734:Europe
2714:Arctic
2699:Africa
2624:Health
2619:Gender
2582:Cities
2507:Biomes
2414:Oceans
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575:NEXRAD
487:Poland
479:beaver
251:Faenza
3595:Index
3357:Proxy
3117:Women
2592:Crime
2519:Birds
2385:Flood
614:is a
3180:Risk
2719:Asia
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2306:2023
2301:2022
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1979:Time
1959:2011
1946:Time
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