41:
3769:
3343:
3779:
3367:
1459:
784:
3355:
2610:
1163:
and tranquility or national solidarity or national economy or national culture", and (b) for "receiving or sending and distributing any information relating to secrets of the security of the State or prevalence of law and order or community peace and tranquility or national solidarity or national economy or national culture".
1020:. The Burmese government was wary of international media, and as a consequence, many news organisations were banned from reporting in the country. One senior general accused foreign media of "spreading lies" to undermine national unity. Some private media were allowed, though the government owns around 75% stake in it.
1390:(based in Oslo, Norway) were available from sets smuggled into the country and were (and still are) popular, though some people caught listening to broadcasts were arrested in the past. Before Internet access became available, foreign radio stations were a major source of information, which often helped to break the
981:, journalists quickly responded by forming the Burma Press Council to protect press freedom. Within a month however, several journalists were arrested and publications shut down. By 1988, the number of newspapers had decreased from 30 to 8. The media gradually became the monopoly of the military junta under
1342:
Radio broadcasting began in 1936, with the Burma
Broadcasting Service beginning operation ten years later. Today there are several FM stations, three mediumwave stations and three shortwave stations. The short and medium wave stations are all operated by MRTV or the military. The main radio stations
1269:
The other twelve licensees have thus far failed to make it to publication due to a combination of outdated equipment, insufficient reporters, and trouble securing financing. "To be frank, the government granted licenses much earlier than we expected and we were caught by surprise", said the editor of
1162:
promoted and regulated the
Internet and other electronic transactions in a wide variety of ways, including defining penalties of up to 15 years in prison for using electronic transactions (a) to commit "any act detrimental to the security of the State or prevalence of law and order or community peace
1052:
Myanmar underwent a communications and technology revolution after 2011 reforms that lifted severe restrictions on the media, mobile phone use, and internet use. The government welcomed international telecom businesses and promoted competition and by 2017, cheap 3G Chinese phones saturated the mobile
1325:
provides more than 100 channels of local and international origin. Television broadcasts regularly feature members of the military visiting monasteries and handing out gifts of money and religious material. In
February 2010, CNN was (temporarily) removed from Burmese TV. It has been speculated this
950:
also established the country's first indigenous press law, the
Seventeen Articles, which safeguarded freedom of the press. Several Chinese, Burmese and English-language newspapers were permitted to report news from around the country and internationally, interviewing politicians and interacting with
1438:
Prior to
September 2011 the Internet in Burma was more strictly controlled, with access blocked to websites critical of the junta, Burmese exile groups, and foreign media. Government approval was usually needed to own a computer and other electronic devices capable of accessing outside information.
1053:
phone market and the majority of the
Burmese population had at least one way to connect to the internet. The most used news and media network in Myanmar is Facebook, which gained popularity because some mobile phone plans available in the country do not count time on Facebook towards their minutes.
1202:
Despite the tight press laws, a wide variety of publications were available. Magazines were less affected by the strict press laws compared to newspapers, as many avoided discussion of the political situation. In all, there were 187 weekly journals registered to the Press
Scrutiny and Registration
988:
The press environment remained tightly controlled in the country. Journalists were often harassed, arrested or jailed for reporting unfavourable news that reflected badly on the country or the regime. The media was also instructed to vilify opposition members. Burmese media acted as the mouthpiece
1434:
Internet access varies due to electricity shortages. The
Internet has yet to make a significant impact in Burma, where according to official statistics, as of July 2010, there were only 400,000 Internet users (0.8% of the population). More recently, following the reduction in SIM card prices from
954:
Throughout the colonial era, there was a steady increase in the number publications in circulation. In 1911, there were 44 periodicals and newspapers in circulation, and 103 in 1921. By the end of the 1930s, there were over 200 newspapers and periodicals in circulation, double the amount in 1921.
897:
that censorship "should be abolished in the near future" as it is "non-existent in most other countries" and "not in harmony with democratic practices." Burma announced on 20 August 2012, that it will stop censoring media before publication. Newspapers and other outlets would no longer have to be
1206:
After the law was repealed in August 2012, sixteen dailies were granted licenses to publish. The 1962 Printing and
Registration Act remains in effect, mandating a seven-year prison term for publishing without a license. On 1 April 2013, the first date newspapers could be published freely, four
1190:
Burma has three free of charge, state-owned newspapers that are distributed on a daily basis. From 1965 to 2012, Burma did not have freedom of press and all newspapers were government owned. Reforms were passed in August 2012, lifting the censorship laws. Previously, all newspaper articles,
1273:
There are a large variety of magazines in Burma, ranging from monthly to biannuals, although their market is smaller compared to the "journals". Topics include
Burmese traditional medicine, various magazines published by non-Burmese ethnic groups (like the
993:, it labelled the protesters as "devils" and blamed foreign media for starting the protests. Several media outlets were closed down after refusing to publish propaganda. However, many outlets stopped publication as a mark of solidarity with the protesters.
1431:, were suddenly accessible. Following the reduction in online censorship, the head of Burma's press censorship department described such censorship as "not in harmony with democratic practices" and a practice that "should be abolished in the near future."
955:
From the independence of Burma from the United Kingdom in 1948 until 1962, the country experienced a temporary period of democracy and free media. The country had one of the freest presses in Asia, with guarantees of freedom of the press in the
1305:
except for MM which is the only private TV in Myanmar. The Video Act of 1985 outlined what media could tape. There are seven TV stations in Myanmar, of which, MTV1 and MTV2 are the main channels. And another channel by government is MRTV.
1098:, enacted by the British government in colonial times, made it an offence to have in possession any wireless telegraphy apparatus without permission. The act was amended in 1995/96 by the junta to include fax machines and computers.
1329:
On 17 February 2018, five private companies signed a cooperation agreement with state-run Myanma Radio and Television to operate as content providers on digital free-to-air channels. The five companies are DVB Multimedia Group,
1435:
between $ 200 and $ 1,500 before 2012 to $ 1.50 by 2014 these numbers are likely to have dramatically increased because of the widespread popularity of smart-phones. 3G and 4G mobile phone services are available.
1043:
based in Oslo, Norway, sought to promote civil society efforts and freedom of expression within Burma from abroad, while attempting to offer an uncensored perspective on Burmese affairs to the rest of the world.
1373:
Unlike Radio Myanmar, other (commercial) stations are primarily entertainment stations. In the past, radio sets were usually tuned to government stations, however, uncensored information from stations such as
1423:, long blocked by Burmese censors, had become accessible overnight. A number of previously censored independent Burma-focused news sites which had been highly critical of Burma's ruling regime, such as the
1008:
losing, though some attempted to hide criticism amongst words or images. Because the media is restricted from reporting negative events in this way, it could often be unreliable. Words by opposition leader
1370:
Foreign music is now permitted, although a variety of traditional Burmese classics are played most. However, local radio stations often play internationally known songs, re-recorded in Burmese.
1367:. Radio Myanmar usually begins daily with readings from the governments' "Seven Point Road to Democracy", "Twelve Political, Economic and Social Objectives" and "Three Main National Causes".
2407:
1064:
journalists to seven years imprisonment on grounds of possessing police documents was widely seen as an attack on press freedoms, after the journalists had investigated the
1176:
article 505(a), which criminalized the making of comments that "cause fear" or "spread false news". It also prohibited the use of the terms “coup,” “junta” and “regime.”
1310:
is an English-language channel aimed at an international audience. During the 2007 protests, the stations were used to broadcast messages critical of foreign media.(
1122:
required the public and organisations such as the United Nations who possess televisions and video equipment to obtain a license from the Ministry of Communication.
1013:
were rarely covered in the media. Similarly, references to the United Nations were rare, as the junta viewed the organisation of trying to overthrow the regime.
2074:
814:
1546:
1060:, press freedom increased: Myanmar's score in the Press Freedom Index dramatically improved between 2009 and 2012. However, the 2018 sentencing of two
1411:
Beginning in September 2011, the historically pervasive levels of Internet censorship were significantly reduced. International news sites, including
1076:
Following the coup d’état on 1 February 2021, the new regime stepped up restrictions on the mass media, intimidation and imprisonment of journalists.
2802:
2653:
1192:
890:
163:
2822:
1057:
183:
3683:
693:
3813:
3282:
3009:
1263:
318:
2515:
2393:
2372:
1942:
1836:
1640:
1440:
990:
400:
2837:
1784:
198:
3410:
3028:
2560:
2832:
1848:
1831:
Smith, M. J. (1991). Burma : insurgency and the politics of ethnicity. London ; Atlantic Highlands, N.J., USA : Zed Books.
193:
2947:
2812:
1138:
required the media to have prior permission from the Ministry of Communication before using, importing or possessing computer equipment.
855:
173:
2188:
1130:
stated that licenses to make films must be obtained from the Myanmar Motion Picture Enterprise, which were later censored if necessary.
3050:
2901:
1146:
imposed regulations on postings on the Internet that may be deemed to be detrimental to the country, its policies or security affairs.
2006:
3658:
1670:
1397:
Given the population of Burma, impact from radio and television has not been significant – only 10%, due to poor living conditions.
1500:
3734:
3159:
1712:
807:
1886:
3154:
2587:
1477:
1282:), Buddhist and astronomy related magazines. There are also about 15 newspapers published daily, devoted entirely to football.
1196:
2797:
1106:
required all publishers to submit copies of books and magazines to press scrutiny boards prior to publication for alterations.
158:
3808:
3803:
2916:
1005:
2827:
978:
839:
188:
3744:
3093:
3038:
2881:
3169:
3113:
3021:
2982:
2967:
2921:
2896:
2792:
2767:
2646:
153:
128:
1326:
was because the authorities didn't want their citizens to see the predominantly US aid for Haitian earthquake victims.
3302:
3227:
3127:
3088:
2886:
2861:
1185:
800:
763:
753:
3703:
898:
approved by state censors, but journalists in the country could still face consequences for what they write and say.
2495:
3493:
3307:
3194:
2340:
1954:
1921:
1114:
made it an offence to publish any document without prior registration from the Home and Religious Affairs Ministry.
768:
758:
733:
395:
1556:
1016:
The Burmese state-owned media also spoke ill of the governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the
3045:
2906:
2891:
2866:
2136:
2131:
1589:
1424:
1387:
1040:
859:
3739:
3698:
3603:
3425:
3403:
3004:
2876:
1270:
one private paper. Several papers that have not yet seen the light of day are backed by existing media groups.
503:
213:
889:
There have been moves to lift censorship in the country. Tint Swe, head of the country's censorship body, the
1321:
Satellite television is no longer illegal and satellite dishes can be seen on many buildings. Local operator
3708:
3317:
3189:
3144:
3083:
2972:
2952:
2639:
1221:
728:
466:
256:
3573:
2614:
2471:
3078:
2977:
2214:
929:
was an advocate of press freedom and encouraged the creation of Burma's first Burmese-language newspaper,
3483:
2253:
3653:
3618:
3242:
3222:
2957:
2787:
2700:
2159:
1472:
1296:
956:
843:
621:
540:
532:
508:
429:
148:
61:
2291:
1860:
449:
3543:
3538:
3433:
3312:
3174:
3149:
3108:
3033:
2994:
2962:
2849:
2760:
1024:
997:
851:
493:
288:
223:
121:
2527:
2434:, Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center. Technology Integration Division (October 2008)
3723:
3663:
3638:
3553:
3533:
3453:
3443:
3396:
3359:
3322:
3179:
2935:
2911:
2745:
2323:
863:
835:
471:
434:
421:
293:
106:
3778:
3366:
1972:
1314:) Due to lack of equipment, newsreaders often have to read directly off their notes instead of an
3749:
3628:
3623:
3503:
3377:
3287:
3204:
3103:
3066:
3016:
2871:
2817:
2750:
2692:
2666:
2056:
1765:
1254:
1173:
178:
111:
51:
31:
2431:
2226:
1348:
3693:
3643:
3598:
3578:
3568:
3468:
3272:
3247:
3164:
2720:
2511:
2389:
2368:
2048:
1938:
1832:
1666:
1636:
1406:
1334:, KMA TeleMedia Holdings Co Ltd, Fortune Broadcasting Co Ltd and My Multi Media Group Co Ltd.
1215:
921:
847:
626:
81:
40:
1258:
prior to 1964 and has served multiple prison terms for speaking out against the government.
1089:
As of 2008, several media laws were in place across print, broadcast and the Internet media:
3668:
3583:
3563:
3448:
3438:
3347:
3297:
3292:
3267:
3252:
3232:
3184:
3139:
2989:
2772:
1757:
1658:
1551:
1412:
1240:
1065:
1028:
1010:
698:
640:
616:
608:
572:
554:
498:
390:
345:
266:
231:
133:
22:
1935:
The Southeast Asia Handbook: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.
3713:
3648:
3613:
3548:
3528:
3518:
3478:
3463:
3458:
3277:
3257:
2755:
2730:
2705:
2561:"Owning a mobile phone in once-reclusive Myanmar is about to get a lot easier and cheaper"
2344:
2164:
2018:
1890:
1720:
1504:
1420:
1383:
1227:
1209:
894:
723:
703:
405:
332:
278:
116:
91:
66:
1571:
1988:
882:. In 2015, Burma moved up to 144th place, ahead of many of its ASEAN neighbours such as
3754:
3673:
3633:
3608:
3588:
3523:
3498:
3488:
3473:
3371:
3237:
3212:
2782:
2735:
2710:
1495:
1464:
1391:
1364:
1279:
1249:
1172:
After the coup in February 2021, the new military government announced an amendment to
1017:
788:
565:
485:
439:
350:
298:
143:
96:
71:
2540:
Wai-Yan Phyo Oo and Saw Pyayzon (30 July 2010). "State of Internet Usage in Myanmar".
2386:
Virtual Thailand: The Media and Cultural Politics in Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore.
3797:
3772:
3593:
3558:
3513:
3508:
3262:
2807:
2740:
2725:
2715:
2445:
1959:
1881:
1769:
1662:
1428:
340:
283:
168:
101:
86:
76:
2160:"Internet Freedom Collapses in Myanmar, But China Still 'Worst' in Rankings: Report"
3217:
3098:
2193:
1816:
1331:
871:
594:
518:
365:
236:
1748:(2008). "The Modern Burmese Woman and the Politics of Fashion in Colonial Burma".
939:) to report on him and the Queen, even if it portrayed them in a negative light.
3782:
2777:
1356:
1352:
1302:
1275:
947:
943:
875:
589:
459:
355:
138:
2100:
1761:
1745:
1454:
1311:
996:
Subjects out of bounds for journalists included discussions of democracy, the
951:
foreign journalists, contrary to most of Burma's south-east Asian neighbours.
926:
2052:
1191:
regardless of content, were required to pass through the censor board at the
883:
370:
2619:
2999:
1653:
Litner, Bertiil (2003). "Burma, Laos, and Cambodia, Status of Media in".
1575:
1001:
658:
454:
2337:
2060:
2036:
1517:
2662:
1360:
1322:
1315:
1061:
1032:
879:
668:
663:
584:
1266:
political party, but promises not to be a "mouthpiece" for the party.
1151:
Wide Area Network Establishment and Service Providing order No. 3/2002
2132:"The story of how press freedom was crushed in six months in Myanmar"
2017:(5). Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter-Societät: 192–194. Archived from
1902:
1444:
1307:
1036:
982:
961:
653:
513:
444:
360:
271:
2631:
2408:"Sky Net Selects Gilat's Network for Cellular Backhaul in Myanmar"
1542:
1443:, some footage was posted on video sharing sites like YouTube and
830:
673:
648:
261:
2037:"Dangerous Speech, Anti-Muslim Violence, and Facebook in Myanmar"
3388:
1344:
1023:
In 2007 there were 20 news agencies based in Myanmar, including
867:
577:
3392:
2635:
2588:"Myanmar to tap Intelsat 39 to enhance nationwide connectivity"
1447:
which gave international media an inside look at the protests.
2625:
2365:
World Press Encyclopedia: A Survey of Press Systems Worldwide.
2101:"Aung San Suu Kyi defends verdict against Reuters journalists"
1547:"Myanmar censorship chief calls for lifting of press scrutiny"
1416:
1379:
1375:
1989:
Myanmar to introduces journalism degree course for first time
1849:"Myanmar journalists face intimidation, pressure from junta"
969:) in 1957, and its 90,000 circulation was Burma's largest.
1973:
In Exile or At Home, Working in "Burma's Media Isn't Easy"
946:, the media was useful for the resistance of colonialism.
2254:"Private dailies re-emerge in Myanmar, face difficulties"
1203:
Division under the Ministry of Information of July 2009.
2231:(The State Peace and Development Council Law No. 5/2004)
2189:"Myanmar junta bans satellite dishes in media crackdown"
2530:, Irene Poetranto, OpenNet Initiative, 23 October 2012
1655:
Encyclopedia of International Media and Communications
1713:"A Healthy Media is Key to Our Country's Development"
858:
prohibits the exercise of these rights in practice.
3722:
3682:
3424:
3203:
3126:
3065:
2934:
2848:
2691:
886:, as a result of political changes in the country.
1785:"In Burma, a Repressive Regime Controls the Press"
1572:"Burma censor chief calls for more media freedom"
2508:Myanmar's Long Road to National Reconciliation.
1103:Printers and Publishers Registration Law (1962)
3404:
2647:
2446:"Ban on CNN May Be Related to Haiti Coverage"
2406:Ltd, Gilat Satellite Networks (2 June 2016).
1004:, the aftermath of natural disasters and the
934:
808:
8:
2510:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2006.
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
1893:, Reporters Without Borders, 22 October 2008
1756:(4). Cambridge University Press: 1277–1308.
1507:, Reporters Without Borders, 20 October 2010
1048:Period of partial liberalization (2011–2020)
1135:The Computer Science Development Law (1996)
3411:
3397:
3389:
3132:
3071:
2940:
2854:
2674:
2654:
2640:
2632:
2432:Burma in Perspective: An Orientation Guide
1903:Burma Cracks Down on Journalists, Internet
862:ranked Burma 174th out of 178 in its 2010
815:
801:
17:
2528:"Update on information controls in Burma"
2333:
2331:
2292:"Privately run newspapers back in Myanma"
973:Under hardline military rule (1962–2010)
1244:, which has been published since 2004.
1193:Press Scrutiny and Registration Division
1095:The Burma Wireless Telegraphy Act (1933)
911:In 1836, the country's first newspaper,
891:Press Scrutiny and Registration Division
2472:"Can the five new TV channels survive?"
2324:Freedom House Press Freedom Report 2007
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1488:
212:
29:
1917:
1915:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1740:
1738:
834:(also known as Myanmar) has undergone
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2030:
2028:
1827:
1825:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1000:of the regime, political corruption,
7:
3354:
2496:Radio Myanmar at Sublime Frequencies
2338:Non-publishing journals to be closed
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
989:for the regime, as when, during the
2813:State Peace and Development Council
1119:The Television and Video Act (1995)
1058:2011-2015 Myanmar political reforms
1039:. Exiled media outlets such as the
174:State Peace and Development Council
1863:, Bangkok Post, 19 September 2007.
1861:Monks tear gassed in Burma protest
1633:Asian Communication Handbook 2008.
1159:Electronic Transactions Law (2004)
14:
2559:Jon Russell (26 September 2014).
2187:Ratcliffe, Rebecca (5 May 2021).
1851:, Jakarta Post, 19 December 2008.
1570:Harvey, Rachel (8 October 2011).
3777:
3768:
3767:
3365:
3353:
3342:
3341:
2613: This article incorporates
2608:
2298:. Associated Press. 1 April 2013
2041:Journal of International Affairs
2007:"Emerging freedom of expression"
1933:Heenan, P. & Lamontagne, M.
1789:Nieman Foundation for Journalism
1457:
1441:anti-government protests in 2007
1264:Union Solidarity and Development
991:anti-government protests in 2007
836:strict censorship and regulation
827:The print, broadcast and online
782:
39:
2227:Chapter XII, Section 33 of the
1478:Freedom of the press in Myanmar
1343:are Radio Myanmar (operated by
3735:British Indian Ocean Territory
2075:"Press freedom index: Myanmar"
1711:Aung Zaw (16 September 2011).
1663:10.1016/B0-12-387670-2/00017-0
959:. Journalist U Thaung founded
1:
3814:Mass media in Asia by country
2252:Aung Hla Tun (1 April 2013).
1631:Banerjee, I. & Logan, S.
1127:The Motion Picture Law (1996)
1111:Martial Law Order 3/89 (1989)
3022:State Administration Council
2768:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
2586:Staff Writer (1 June 2018).
2444:Moe, Wai (6 February 2010).
2388:Taylor & Francis, 2006.
2354:(477). 29 June – 5 July 2009
1937:Taylor & Francis, 2001.
1750:The Journal of Asian Studies
1590:"Burma Abolishes Censorship"
1238:is run by the publishers of
1072:After the February 2021 coup
931:Yadanapon Naypyidaw Thadinsa
915:, was published followed by
129:Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
2823:2011–2015 political reforms
2229:Electronic Transactions Law
2011:Development and Cooperation
1955:"Foreign media spread lies"
1186:List of newspapers in Burma
764:National Library of Myanmar
754:National Museum (Naypyidaw)
184:2011–2015 political reforms
3830:
1518:"PRESS FREEDOM INDEX 2015"
1404:
1294:
1207:privately owned dailies –
1183:
919:in 1853, later renamed to
769:National Theatre of Yangon
3763:
3337:
3135:
3074:
2943:
2857:
2679:Myanmar is also known as
2677:
2673:
2215:"Myanmar Law (1988–2004)"
2137:Reporters Without Borders
1762:10.1017/S0021911808001782
1522:Reporters without Borders
1425:Democratic Voice of Burma
1388:Democratic Voice of Burma
1041:Democratic Voice of Burma
935:
860:Reporters Without Borders
3484:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2948:Administrative divisions
2079:TCdata360/The World Bank
2035:Fink, Christina (2018).
1883:Press Freedom Index 2008
1503:29 November 2010 at the
1497:Press Freedom Index 2010
936:ရတနာပုံနေပြည်တော်သတင်းစာ
840:1962 Burmese coup d'état
759:National Museum (Yangon)
3745:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3318:Twelve Auspicious Rites
3099:Myanmar kyat (currency)
2412:GlobeNewswire News Room
2217:, Burma Lawyer' Council
2005:Khin Maung Win (2009).
1303:owned by the government
1301:All broadcast media is
1222:The Standard Time Daily
1197:Ministry of Information
1180:Newspapers and journals
257:Twelve Auspicious Rites
2615:public domain material
1922:Country Profile: Burma
1889:7 October 2015 at the
1006:national football team
979:March 1962 coup d'état
913:The Maulmain Chronicle
3809:Mass media by country
3804:Mass media in Myanmar
2343:30 April 2011 at the
1993:People's Daily Online
1473:Censorship in Myanmar
1297:Television in Myanmar
917:The Rangoon Chronicle
430:Burmese folk religion
401:Traditional festivals
3659:United Arab Emirates
3155:Environmental issues
3114:Units of measurement
2761:First Toungoo Empire
1909:, 28 September 2007.
1439:However, during the
1332:Mizzima Media Co Ltd
1286:Television and radio
1085:Situation as of 2008
1025:Agence France-Presse
694:World Heritage Sites
122:First Toungoo Empire
3686:limited recognition
2793:Japanese occupation
2746:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
2470:Myint, Sithu Aung.
2168:. 21 September 2021
2107:. 13 September 2018
2021:on 20 January 2010.
1995:, 5 September 2007.
1979:, 21 February 2009.
1723:on 18 December 2011
1692:Thomson Gale (2006)
1252:who worked for the
1231:– hit news stands.
1143:Internet Law (2000)
864:Press Freedom Index
557:and performing arts
154:Japanese occupation
107:Hanthawaddy Kingdom
3378:Outline of Myanmar
3094:Telecommunications
3010:commander-in-chief
2803:Socialist Republic
2751:Kingdom of Mrauk U
2621:The World Factbook
2548:(18). Yangon: 1–2.
1545:(9 October 2011).
1359:, Pyinsawaddy FM,
1174:Myanmar Penal Code
1168:Later developments
789:Myanmar portal
164:Socialist Republic
112:Kingdom of Mrauk U
32:Culture of Myanmar
3791:
3790:
3728:other territories
3386:
3385:
3333:
3332:
3170:Human trafficking
3122:
3121:
3061:
3060:
3029:Political parties
2968:Foreign relations
2930:
2929:
2721:Myinsaing Kingdom
2687:
2686:
2516:978-981-230-363-9
2394:978-0-415-36499-7
2373:978-0-7876-5583-9
1977:Mindanao Examiner
1943:978-1-884964-97-8
1837:978-1-85649-660-5
1641:978-981-4136-10-5
1407:Internet in Burma
1262:is backed by the
1246:Golden Fresh Land
1216:Golden Fresh Land
957:1947 Constitution
922:The Rangoon Times
907:19th century–1962
848:freedom of speech
825:
824:
82:Myinsaing Kingdom
3821:
3781:
3771:
3770:
3740:Christmas Island
3426:Sovereign states
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3369:
3357:
3356:
3345:
3344:
3303:National symbols
3133:
3089:Opium production
3072:
2941:
2855:
2773:Konbaung dynasty
2675:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2633:
2629:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2542:Bi-Weekly Eleven
2537:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2504:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2476:Frontier Myanmar
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2403:
2397:
2382:
2376:
2361:
2355:
2335:
2326:
2321:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2288:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2249:
2234:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2128:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2002:
1996:
1986:
1980:
1970:
1964:
1952:
1946:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1910:
1900:
1894:
1879:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1829:
1820:
1819:Press reference.
1814:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1719:. Archived from
1708:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1677:
1676:
1650:
1644:
1629:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1596:. 20 August 2012
1586:
1580:
1579:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1559:on 12 July 2012.
1555:. Archived from
1552:Mainichi Shimbun
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1514:
1508:
1493:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1413:Voice of America
1394:in the country.
1260:The Union Daily'
1241:The Voice Weekly
1195:, set up by the
1066:Inn Din Massacre
1029:Associated Press
1011:Aung San Suu Kyi
967:The Mirror Daily
938:
937:
866:, ahead of just
817:
810:
803:
787:
786:
785:
699:Shwedagon Pagoda
504:Contemporary art
391:Burmese calendar
346:Burmese fritters
232:Burmese language
134:Konbaung dynasty
43:
34:
18:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3759:
3727:
3718:
3699:Northern Cyprus
3685:
3678:
3420:
3417:
3387:
3382:
3329:
3308:Public holidays
3199:
3195:Sex trafficking
3118:
3057:
2995:Law enforcement
2926:
2902:Protected areas
2844:
2756:Toungoo dynasty
2731:Sagaing Kingdom
2706:Pyu city-states
2683:
2669:
2660:
2618:
2609:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2454:
2452:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2383:
2379:
2362:
2358:
2345:Wayback Machine
2336:
2329:
2322:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2296:Financial Times
2290:
2289:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2237:
2233:, 30 April 2004
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2165:Radio Free Asia
2158:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2130:
2129:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1987:
1983:
1971:
1967:
1953:
1949:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1913:
1901:
1897:
1891:Wayback Machine
1880:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1726:
1724:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1680:
1673:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1630:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1594:The Daily Beast
1588:
1587:
1583:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1505:Wayback Machine
1494:
1490:
1486:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1421:Radio Free Asia
1409:
1403:
1384:Radio Free Asia
1340:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1228:The Union Daily
1210:The Voice Daily
1188:
1182:
1170:
1087:
1082:
1074:
1050:
975:
909:
904:
895:Radio Free Asia
854:; however, the
821:
783:
781:
774:
773:
749:
748:
739:
738:
734:National anthem
719:
718:
709:
708:
704:Mandalay Palace
689:
688:
679:
678:
644:
643:
632:
631:
612:
611:
600:
599:
559:
558:
546:
545:
536:
535:
524:
523:
489:
488:
477:
476:
425:
424:
413:
412:
406:Pagoda festival
396:Public holidays
386:
385:
376:
375:
336:
335:
324:
323:
314:
313:
304:
303:
252:
251:
242:
241:
227:
226:
208:
207:
206:
205:
117:Toungoo dynasty
92:Sagaing Kingdom
67:Pyu city-states
55:
54:
30:
12:
11:
5:
3827:
3825:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3109:Transportation
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3046:Prime Minister
3043:
3042:
3041:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2983:Women's rights
2980:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Union of Burma
2795:
2790:
2785:
2783:Karenni States
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2736:Kingdom of Ava
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2711:Thaton Kingdom
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2670:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2605:
2604:
2592:SpaceTech Asia
2578:
2567:. The Next Web
2551:
2544:(in Burmese).
2532:
2520:
2499:
2488:
2462:
2436:
2424:
2398:
2377:
2356:
2327:
2309:
2270:
2235:
2219:
2207:
2179:
2151:
2140:. 28 July 2021
2118:
2092:
2066:
2047:(1.5): 43–52.
2024:
1997:
1981:
1965:
1963:, 5 April 2009
1947:
1926:
1911:
1895:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1821:
1802:
1775:
1734:
1703:
1694:
1678:
1671:
1645:
1607:
1581:
1562:
1534:
1509:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:Myanmar portal
1452:
1449:
1405:Main article:
1402:
1401:Internet media
1399:
1392:media blackout
1339:
1336:
1295:Main article:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1250:Khin Maung Lay
1184:Main article:
1181:
1178:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1099:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1049:
1046:
1018:European Union
974:
971:
908:
905:
903:
900:
829:mass media in
823:
822:
820:
819:
812:
805:
797:
794:
793:
792:
791:
776:
775:
772:
771:
766:
761:
756:
750:
746:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
731:
726:
720:
716:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
696:
690:
686:
685:
684:
681:
680:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
645:
639:
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
624:
619:
613:
607:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
592:
587:
582:
581:
580:
570:
569:
568:
560:
553:
552:
551:
548:
547:
544:
543:
537:
531:
530:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
516:
511:
509:Visual culture
506:
501:
496:
490:
484:
483:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
464:
463:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
440:Burmese pagoda
432:
426:
420:
419:
418:
415:
414:
411:
410:
409:
408:
398:
393:
387:
383:
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
356:Burmese snacks
353:
351:Burmese salads
348:
343:
337:
331:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
315:
311:
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
275:
274:
264:
259:
253:
249:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
234:
228:
222:
221:
220:
217:
216:
210:
209:
204:
203:
202:
201:
196:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
159:Union of Burma
156:
151:
146:
144:Karenni States
141:
136:
131:
126:
125:
124:
114:
109:
104:
99:
97:Kingdom of Ava
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
72:Thaton Kingdom
69:
64:
58:
57:
56:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
36:
35:
27:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3826:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3774:
3766:
3765:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:South Ossetia
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3419:Media of Asia
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:Ethnic groups
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3005:military rule
3003:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:Deforestation
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:2007 protests
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2808:8888 Uprising
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2741:Prome Kingdom
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Pinya Kingdom
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2716:Pagan Kingdom
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2616:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2579:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2463:
2451:
2450:The Irrawaddy
2447:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2363:Quick, A. C.
2360:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2349:Myanmar Times
2346:
2342:
2339:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1960:Straits Times
1956:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:Myanmar Media
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1722:
1718:
1717:The Irrawaddy
1714:
1707:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1672:9780123876706
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
986:
984:
980:
972:
970:
968:
964:
963:
958:
952:
949:
945:
940:
932:
928:
924:
923:
918:
914:
906:
901:
899:
896:
893:(PSRB), told
892:
887:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
846:provides for
845:
841:
837:
833:
832:
818:
813:
811:
806:
804:
799:
798:
796:
795:
790:
780:
779:
778:
777:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:Organisations
743:
742:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
713:
712:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
683:
682:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
642:
636:
635:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
610:
604:
603:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
579:
576:
575:
574:
571:
567:
564:
563:
562:
561:
556:
550:
549:
542:
539:
538:
534:
528:
527:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
487:
481:
480:
473:
470:
468:
465:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Buddhābhiṣeka
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
423:
417:
416:
407:
404:
403:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
380:
379:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
341:Burmese curry
339:
338:
334:
328:
327:
320:
317:
316:
308:
307:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
273:
270:
269:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
246:
245:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
225:
219:
218:
215:
211:
200:
197:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
179:2007 protests
177:
175:
172:
170:
169:8888 Uprising
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
102:Prome Kingdom
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
87:Pinya Kingdom
85:
83:
80:
78:
77:Pagan Kingdom
75:
73:
70:
68:
65:
63:
60:
59:
53:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
33:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
3724:Dependencies
3654:Turkmenistan
3619:Saudi Arabia
3370:
3358:
3346:
3190:Prostitution
3145:Demographics
3084:Central bank
2973:Human rights
2953:Constitution
2788:British rule
2680:
2620:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2591:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2564:
2554:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2523:
2507:
2502:
2491:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:
2439:
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:
2401:
2385:
2380:
2367:Gale, 2003.
2364:
2359:
2351:
2348:
2300:. Retrieved
2295:
2261:. Retrieved
2257:
2228:
2222:
2210:
2200:25 September
2198:. Retrieved
2194:The Guardian
2192:
2182:
2172:24 September
2170:. Retrieved
2163:
2154:
2144:24 September
2142:. Retrieved
2135:
2111:23 September
2109:. Retrieved
2104:
2095:
2085:23 September
2083:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2044:
2040:
2019:the original
2014:
2010:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1976:
1968:
1958:
1950:
1934:
1929:
1906:
1898:
1882:
1856:
1844:
1793:. Retrieved
1788:
1778:
1753:
1749:
1725:. Retrieved
1721:the original
1716:
1706:
1697:
1654:
1648:
1635:AMIC, 2008.
1632:
1598:. Retrieved
1593:
1584:
1565:
1557:the original
1550:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:
1512:
1496:
1491:
1437:
1433:
1410:
1396:
1372:
1369:
1355:, FM Bagan,
1341:
1328:
1320:
1312:YouTube clip
1300:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1189:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1075:
1055:
1051:
1022:
1015:
995:
987:
976:
966:
960:
953:
941:
930:
920:
916:
912:
910:
888:
872:Turkmenistan
844:constitution
828:
826:
729:Coat of arms
595:Copy Thachin
519:Glass mosaic
494:Architecture
467:Christianity
366:Burmese tofu
237:Mon language
149:British rule
15:
3783:Asia portal
3684:States with
3604:Philippines
3544:South Korea
3539:North Korea
3434:Afghanistan
3079:Agriculture
2917:Earthquakes
2778:Shan States
2506:Wilson, T.
2455:5 September
1795:10 February
1746:Ikeya, Chie
1727:10 February
1657:: 139–152.
1357:Padamyar FM
1353:Mandalay FM
1255:Mogyo Daily
1236:Voice Daily
948:King Mindon
944:King Mindon
927:King Mindon
876:North Korea
460:Phongyibyan
361:Burmese tea
139:Shan States
3798:Categories
3664:Uzbekistan
3639:Tajikistan
3554:Kyrgyzstan
3534:Kazakhstan
3454:Bangladesh
3444:Azerbaijan
3288:Literature
3243:Censorship
3223:State Seal
3017:Parliament
2958:Corruption
2882:Ecoregions
2701:Prehistory
2481:6 February
2384:Lewis, G.
1783:Aung Zaw.
1701:Bo (2006).
1484:References
1291:Television
1248:is run by
1080:Media laws
998:legitimacy
977:After the
856:government
838:since the
622:Television
541:Literature
533:Literature
250:Traditions
62:Prehistory
3750:Hong Kong
3704:Palestine
3629:Sri Lanka
3624:Singapore
3504:Indonesia
3313:Tattooing
3273:Festivals
3268:Etymology
3175:Languages
3150:Education
3034:President
2963:Elections
2922:Volcanoes
2897:Mountains
2850:Geography
2838:Civil war
2828:2021 coup
2053:0022-197X
1791:. Harvard
1770:145697944
1600:20 August
1429:Irrawaddy
1349:Cherry FM
1199:in 2005.
1056:With the
884:Singapore
687:Monuments
384:Festivals
371:Satuditha
312:Mythology
289:Tattooing
224:Languages
199:Civil war
189:2021 coup
3773:Category
3694:Abkhazia
3644:Thailand
3599:Pakistan
3579:Mongolia
3574:Maldives
3569:Malaysia
3469:Cambodia
3348:Category
3323:Weddings
3283:Folklore
3253:Clothing
3233:Calendar
3228:Capitals
3180:Religion
3000:Military
2990:Conflict
2936:Politics
2912:Wildlife
2833:Protests
2667:articles
2565:TNW News
2341:Archived
2105:BBC News
2061:26508117
1907:Oneworld
1887:Archived
1576:BBC News
1501:Archived
1451:See also
1002:HIV/AIDS
850:and the
659:Chinlone
590:Yoke thé
566:Mahāgīta
499:Ceramics
472:Hinduism
435:Buddhism
422:Religion
319:Folklore
294:Weddings
267:Clothing
194:Protests
23:a series
21:Part of
3669:Vietnam
3584:Myanmar
3564:Lebanon
3494:Georgia
3449:Bahrain
3439:Armenia
3360:Commons
3258:Cuisine
3205:Culture
3128:Society
3104:Tourism
3067:Economy
2887:Islands
2872:Climate
2862:Borders
2693:History
2663:Myanmar
2302:1 April
2263:1 April
2258:Reuters
1365:City FM
1361:Shwe FM
1323:Sky Net
1316:autocue
1280:Rakhine
1062:Reuters
1033:Reuters
902:History
880:Eritrea
717:Symbols
669:Banshay
664:Lethwei
585:Anyeint
333:Cuisine
279:Kinship
52:History
3714:Taiwan
3649:Turkey
3614:Russia
3549:Kuwait
3529:Jordan
3519:Israel
3479:Cyprus
3464:Brunei
3459:Bhutan
3372:Portal
3248:Cinema
3238:Zodiac
3218:Anthem
3165:Health
2907:Rivers
2867:Cities
2665:
2597:10 May
2571:22 May
2514:
2417:10 May
2392:
2371:
2081:. 2021
2059:
2051:
1941:
1835:
1768:
1669:
1639:
1527:21 May
1445:Flickr
1419:, and
1308:MRTV-3
1225:, and
1037:Xinhua
1027:, the
983:Ne Win
962:Kyemon
942:After
878:, and
842:. The
654:Thaing
627:Cinema
514:Kalaga
445:Kyaung
299:Zodiac
272:Acheik
214:People
25:on the
3755:Macau
3674:Yemen
3634:Syria
3609:Qatar
3589:Nepal
3524:Japan
3499:India
3489:Egypt
3474:China
3298:Music
3293:Media
3263:Dance
3185:Women
3140:Crime
2892:Lakes
2681:Burma
2617:from
2057:JSTOR
1924:, BBC
1766:S2CID
1543:Kyodo
1338:Radio
852:press
831:Burma
674:Bando
649:Naban
641:Sport
617:Radio
609:Media
573:Dance
555:Music
455:Okāsa
284:Names
262:Anade
3594:Oman
3559:Laos
3514:Iraq
3509:Iran
3278:Flag
3051:list
3039:list
2978:LGBT
2599:2023
2573:2015
2512:ISBN
2483:2019
2457:2013
2419:2023
2390:ISBN
2369:ISBN
2304:2013
2265:2013
2202:2021
2174:2021
2146:2021
2113:2021
2087:2021
2049:ISSN
1939:ISBN
1833:ISBN
1797:2012
1729:2012
1667:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1602:2012
1529:2015
1427:and
1386:and
1363:and
1345:MRTV
1278:and
1276:Shan
1234:The
1035:and
868:Iran
724:Flag
578:Yein
3726:and
3213:Art
2626:CIA
1758:doi
1659:doi
1417:BBC
1380:VOA
1376:BBC
1347:),
925:.
486:Art
3800::
2624:.
2590:.
2563:.
2474:.
2448:.
2410:.
2352:24
2347:.
2330:^
2312:^
2294:.
2273:^
2256:.
2238:^
2191:.
2162:.
2134:.
2121:^
2103:.
2077:.
2055:.
2045:71
2043:.
2039:.
2027:^
2015:36
2013:.
2009:.
1991:,
1975:,
1957:,
1914:^
1905:,
1868:^
1824:^
1805:^
1787:.
1764:.
1754:67
1752:.
1737:^
1715:.
1681:^
1665:.
1610:^
1592:.
1574:.
1549:.
1520:.
1415:,
1382:,
1378:,
1351:,
1318:.
1219:,
1213:,
1068:.
1031:,
985:.
874:,
870:,
3412:e
3405:t
3398:v
2655:e
2648:t
2641:v
2628:.
2601:.
2575:.
2546:3
2518:.
2485:.
2459:.
2421:.
2396:.
2375:.
2306:.
2267:.
2204:.
2176:.
2148:.
2115:.
2089:.
2063:.
1945:.
1839:.
1799:.
1772:.
1760::
1731:.
1675:.
1661::
1643:.
1604:.
1578:.
1531:.
1154:.
965:(
933:(
816:e
809:t
802:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
