1208:
killed so many people, including the 28 monks of Padise. The answer he received was that any German deserved to be killed even if he were only two feet tall. The master of the order, Burchard von
Dreileben, pronounced the answer outrageous, but declared that the four kings and their retinue were to remain unpunished and could keep their personal liberty; however, until the master has returned from the campaign against the Estonian army the kings were not to be allowed to leave the castle of Weissenstein. The four kings, who had been granted safe passage under the medieval
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that the killed
Germans need to be avenged and the Estonians deserved no mercy. On 14 May 1343, the Germans attacked and Estonians began their retreat towards the bog. Because of the advance troops of the German cavalry, they were not able to complete this maneuver and in the battle that followed 3,000 Estonians were killed. According to the chronicle, individual Estonians who had pretended to be dead in their desperation tried to kill Germans even after the end of the battle. The location of the battle became known as
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1111:(Tallinn) and laid siege on the city with 10,000 men. In the first battle under Tallinn the Estonians were victorious over the knights. However, the leaders of the rebellion were worried that once the Germans and Danes recovered from the initial shock, the Estonian government might not be able to withstand the combined onslaught of their enemies. Therefore, they sent a delegation to the Swedish
1095:(April 23) 1343, a signal was given by setting fire to a house on a hilltop for a coordinated attack on the foreigners in Harria. The plan was to "kill all the Germans along with their wives and children. And so it happened, because they started to slay virgins, women, servants, maidservants, noblemen and commoners, young and old; all, who were of German blood, had to die." According to the
36:
1084:
1285:. Swedish forces were expected to arrive in Estonia in five days. The subjects of the Danish king in Tallinn, severely weakened after the carnage in Harju and Viru, and fearful of the Swedish intentions, submitted Tallinn and other Danish dominions in Estonia under the protection of the Order. After being promised compensation the Master of the Order agreed to provide Reval and
1216:
them attempted to kill the vogt of Jervia (JĂ€rva) who had been assigned to attend to the
Estonian envoys' needs. Some historians dismiss this explanation and say the negotiations were just a ruse to kill the leaders of the insurgency, and that the official version of the incident was a rather inept attempt to justify the murder of diplomatic envoys by the Teutonic knights.
1164:
1047:. The foreign rulers imposed taxes and duties even as the indigenous population retained individual rights, such as the right to bear arms. Oppression hardened as the foreign ruling class started to build manor-houses all over the country. The weight of duties to the lay masters was further multiplied by the repression of
1200:(JĂ€rva), and many others. The large number of knights who arrived to the negotiations indicates that the true purpose of the meeting was to neutralize the Estonian kings and then to attack the leaderless rebel army. Even after truce had been declared, knights of the Order attacked a camp of 500 Estonians in
1256:
without landlords. Estonians accepted the offer and the envoys returned to the German army. Von
Dreileben, in the meantime, had two banners of cavalry locate between the swamp and the Estonian camp. After the envoys had delivered the acceptance of terms to the Order, the Master and the knights agreed
1450:
have argued on the basis of contemporary documents that, contrary to claims in the chronicles, the uprising was not a fight against
Christianity but only against the Livonian Order and that the crimes attributed to the insurgents were actually committed by the Order. Some see it as a continuation of
1243:
After the battle of
Kanavere, Burchard von Dreileben, the Master of the Order, wanted to avoid engaging the main force of the Estonian army, strategically camped next to a large bog, in yet another battle where the heavy cavalry of the Order would lose its tactical superiority. Therefore, he decided
1215:
When the
Estonian delegation was escorted to their quarters they were suddenly attacked by their German hosts in the courtyard of the castle. In the ensuing fight the four kings and their squires were all hacked to death. The chronicle blames the incident on the envoys themselves, saying that one of
1207:
On May 4, the two sides sat down for talks. The
Livonian Master personally served as the spokesperson for the German side at the conference. The Estonian kings offered to become vassals to the Livonian Order, provided they would have no overlords over them. The master demanded to know why they had
1179:
of the castle immediately sent a letter to the master of the
Livonian Order advising him on the situation. Burchard von Dreileben, the Livonian Master, sent one Brother to the Estonians "who knew their language and whom they knew" (possibly an ethnic Estonian member of the order) and asked them to
1393:
Saaremaa and
Muhumaa remained in Estonian hands until the winter. As soon as the sea between the islands and the continent was frozen, the Master of the Order with fresh reinforcements from Prussia crossed the sea and invaded Saaremaa. The German army looted and burned all the villages they came
1234:
on 11 May 1343, Estonians made a tactical retreat into the Kanavere bog. Since the knights were not able to employ their heavy cavalry in the bog, they dismounted and continued to fight on foot. The bog was not very large and the numerically superior forces of the Order were able to completely
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In the winter of 1345 the Christian army returned to Saaremaa where it laid waste to the northern districts by looting and burning for eight days. Eventually Oeselians asked for peace. The two sides reached an agreement and the army of the Livonian Order left Saaremaa after the Oeselians had
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Estonians sent their four kings to Weissenstein accompanied by three squires. Estonians also let the bishop of Reval pass through rebel-held territory to attend the negotiations. Among the many high-ranking members of the Livonian Order who came to Paide were the Livonian Master Burchard von
1406:
was captured, tortured, and then executed. Nevertheless, Saaremaa remained free and staunchly anti-Christian as the German army was forced to cross back to the continent before the sea ice melted in the spring and the roads became impenetrable for the returning reinforcements from Prussia.
1390:. The castle surrendered after an eight-day siege. The vogt of the castle along with his garrison of Livonian Knights, as well as all the other Germans in the castle, were promised free passage. Regardless, all the defenders of the castle were killed after they had come through the gates.
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The bailiff of Viborg arrived with a large army on 18 May and the bailiff of Ă
bo a day later. After discovering the Danish stronghold in the hands of the Order and the Estonian army utterly defeated, the Swedes satisfied themselves with looting around Reval before sailing back to
1229:
A large army led by the Master of the Order proceeded immediately towards Reval, seeking out and engaging smaller Estonian units on the way. A larger Estonian force that had been sent to block the knights' advance was intercepted by the German cavalry. In the ensuing Battle of
1059:(Viru) had been conquered by Denmark, but by the 14th century the kingdom's power had weakened. The province eventually was split between a pro-Danish party led by Bishop Olaf of Reval, and the pro-German party led by Captain Marquard Breide. 80% of the Danish
1313:(Tartu) suffered a belated intrusion by 5,000 Pskovians. However, since the rebellion in Estonia had already been largely crushed the Order was able to scramble enough troops and with some effort rout the marauding Russians, killing about 1,000 of them.
1103:
and massacred the 28 monks who had failed to escape. The chronicle adds that any German women or children who were spared by the men were killed by the women who then proceeded to burn down all the churches and the huts of the monks.
1099:, after renouncing Christianity, the rebel forces crisscrossed the whole province of Harria, burned down all the manors of the nobility and killed all the Germans who fell in their hands. Among others, they burned down the Cistercian
1308:
to inform the Russians of the slaughter of the Germans in Harria and Vironia and the imminent demise of the Order. The envoys suggested that the Russians may want to loot the German dominions in southern Estonia. On 26 May 1343, the
178:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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send a delegation to Weissenstein to explain the reasons why they had renounced Christianity and killed all the Germans. He also promised to redress the past wrongs and establish good relations with the Estonians.
1342:
by hiding armed warriors in bags of grain. The plot failed when one mother tipped off the Order commander in exchange for the life of her son. This possibly apocryphal account has inspired several writers.
1327:. In the beginning of the winter the Master of the Livonian Order returned with these reinforcements to Harria and quelled the remaining resistance. The last Estonian strongholds in Harria to fall were
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1316:
In the meantime, the Master had led the main force of the Order to Rotalia in order to break the siege of Hapsal. The Estonians retreated from the city without battle, again taking refuge in the bogs.
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and let them know that the Germans in Harria had been killed. They also told them that the Estonian army had laid siege on Reval, but they were willing to hand the Danish city over to the king of
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1139:(LÀÀne) renounced Christianity and killed all the Germans they could find. After the countryside was firmly in the Estonian hands, the rebel army laid siege on the city of
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53:
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1386:) renounced Christianity, killed all the Germans, and drowned the priests in the sea. On the same day they assembled around the Castle of the Livonian Order in
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The Master of the Order and the magistrates of Tallinn learned from a captured German deserter that the Estonians had been promised military assistance from
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1962:
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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1362:. Another consequence of Saint George's Night Uprising was the disappearance of the remnants of pre-Christian Estonian nobility in North-Estonia.
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across and finally laid siege on Purtsa Fortress, one of the largest Estonian strongholds on the island. In the winter of 1344, one day before
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1415:. The rebellion in Ăsel had lasted for two years. With the conditional surrender of Ăsel Saint George's Night Uprising was finally over.
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After the initial success, Estonians elected four kings amongst themselves. The kings along with the rebel army proceeded to Danish-held
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780:
696:
79:
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After losing Reval and Wesenberg to the Livonian Order in 1343, the severely weakened Denmark also lost Narva in 1345. Thereupon king
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practices and economic exploitation imposed by the Catholic Church. The area was also politically unstable. The Estonian provinces of
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and Loone (Lohu). In the wake of the bloody suppression of the rebellion, Harria was described as a "barren and desolate land".
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Estonian Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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to rid themselves of Danish and German rulers and landlords who had conquered the country in the 13th century during the
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versions, the number of 1800 or 2000 killed Germans refers to either Harria or Harria and Vironia combined.
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surround it. The battle ended with a German victory. Estonian losses in the battle amounted to 1,600 men.
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1252:(Turaida) under the pretext of peace negotiations to the Estonians, apparently agreeing to the idea of
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The Saint George's Night Uprising has inspired several historical novels by Estonian writers, such as
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The uprising is also a popular subject for debate among Estonian historians and writers. Some, like
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1398:, the knights penetrated the stronghold after tearing down one of the battlements. According to
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1143:(Haapsalu), the capital of the Bishopric of Ăsel-Wiek. According to the Renner version of the
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tried to use the anniversary of the uprising in 1943 to pit Estonians against Germans.
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1402:, 2,000 people were killed in the fortress. Germans lost 500 killed. The Oeselian king
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if the Swedes sent help. The bailiffs promised to raise an army and sail to Estonia.
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for 19,000 silver marks (4 tons of silver). Another 6,000 marks was paid to the
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Soon after the massacre terrified survivors started to trickle to the castle of
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religion. After initial success the revolt was ended by the invasion of the
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also tells a story about Estonians plotting to get inside the castle of
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reluctantly agreed to giving hostages and tearing down the fortress of
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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to the Teutonic Order. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the
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that had recently conquered several Danish territories in
1455:. Others dismiss such claims as biased and unhistorical.
1147:, 1800 Germans were killed in LÀÀnemaa. According to the
1007:. In 1346, the Duchy of Estonia was sold for 19,000 Köln
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Soon the Livonian Order received more troops from the
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pp. 79, 107, 123. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus.
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Russland, Polen und Livland bis ins 17. Jahrhundert
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BartholomÀus Hoeneke: Liivimaa noorem riimkroonika.
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BartholomÀus Hoeneke: Liivimaa noorem riimkroonika.
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BartholomÀus Hoeneke: Liivimaa noorem riimkroonika.
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BartholomÀus Hoeneke: Liivimaa noorem riimkroonika.
1135:A few days later, the Estonians in the province of
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1370:On 24 July 1344, one day before St. Jacob's Day,
1035:in 1261, Estonia was completely colonized by the
979:) was an unsuccessful attempt by the indigenous
1641:Medieval and Early Modern European peasant wars
1525:pp. 79, 107. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus.
1300:The Estonians had also tried to find allies in
234:
1475:Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus
196:accompanying your translation by providing an
162:Click for important translation instructions.
149:expand this article with text translated from
27:1343â45 rebellion in Danish-controlled Estonia
1625:
431:
8:
1220:End of the rebellion in continental Estonia
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1618:
1610:
1304:. Two envoys had been sent from Harria to
1063:in the Duchy of Estonia were Germans from
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1565:p. 81. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus.
1505:p. 79. Tallinn: Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1478:. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 118.
1464:
1451:the struggle between the Order and the
999:; and to eradicate the non-indigenous
1265:Warhill); it is now a subdistrict of
991:, and the insular territories of the
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7:
1712:Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions
1244:to use deceit and sent the vogts of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1722:John and William Merfold's uprising
1662:Rebellions of Basil the Copper Hand
1923:Anti-Christian sentiment in Europe
1918:History of Christianity in Estonia
1852:Revolt of Horea, CloÈca and CriÈan
1672:Peasant revolt in Flanders 1323â28
1273:Aftermath of the Battle of SÔjamÀe
25:
1963:Wars involving the Teutonic Order
1586:. Vol. II. Berlin: G.Grote.
1289:(Rakvere) with German garrisons.
1145:Younger Livonian Rhymed Chronicle
1097:Younger Livonian Rhymed Chronicle
208:{{Translated|et|JĂŒriöö ĂŒlestĂ”us}}
1019:took place on November 1, 1346.
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1802:CroatianâSlovene Peasant Revolt
1782:Peasant's Rebellion in Telemark
69:"Saint George's Night Uprising"
45:needs additional citations for
1812:Peasants' War in Upper Austria
1747:Slovene peasant revolt of 1515
206:You may also add the template
1:
1953:Medieval rebellions in Europe
1928:Attacks on churches in Europe
1561:Vahtre, Sulev (ed.). (1960).
1541:Vahtre, Sulev (ed.). (1960).
1521:Vahtre, Sulev (ed.). (1960).
1501:Vahtre, Sulev (ed.). (1960).
1472:Skyum-Nielsen, Niels (1981).
960:Saint George's Night Uprising
235:Saint George's Night Uprising
1842:Dalecarlian Rebellion (1743)
1707:Transylvanian peasant revolt
410:Stigot Andersson (1344â1346)
401:Bertram von Parembeke (1343)
1993:Churches destroyed by arson
1807:Ivan Bolotnikov's Rebellion
1772:Skipper Clement's Rebellion
1692:Peasants' Revolt in England
1677:St. George's Night Uprising
1582:Schiemann, Theodor (1887).
1017:State of the Teutonic Order
993:State of the Teutonic Order
938:St. Thomas & Santa Cruz
296:State of the Teutonic Order
219:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
2009:
1973:Massacres of ethnic groups
1159:Massacre of the four kings
976:[jyri.ĂžËyles.tÉ€us]
170:Machine translation, like
18:Massacre of the four kings
1827:Swiss peasant war of 1653
1817:Kostka-Napierski Uprising
1727:Carinthian Peasant Revolt
1647:
1079:Beginning of the uprising
453:
447:Danish colonial conflicts
371:
307:
250:
239:
151:the corresponding article
1988:Massacres of Christians
1903:14th-century rebellions
1898:14th century in Estonia
1732:Friulian Revolt of 1511
1592:2027/njp.32101073312868
1360:Margrave of Brandenburg
1131:Spread of the rebellion
972:Estonian pronunciation:
217:For more guidance, see
1913:Wars involving Denmark
1908:Wars involving Estonia
1862:Saxon Peasants' Revolt
1822:Morning Star Rebellion
1767:Palatine Peasants' War
1762:Dalecarlian Rebellions
1168:
1088:
989:Bishopric of Ăsel-Wiek
967:
392:Burchard von Dreileben
377:Vesse of Oeselia
372:Commanders and leaders
366:Bishopric of ĂselâWiek
272:Bishopric of Ăsel-Wiek
1948:Persecution of Pagans
1832:Stenka Razin Uprising
1717:Jack Cade's rebellion
1167:Ruins of Paide Castle
1166:
1086:
1027:With the conquest of
190:copyright attribution
1983:Massacres in Estonia
1867:Peasants' War (1798)
1847:Pugachev's Rebellion
1757:German Peasants' War
1336:BartholomÀus Hoeneke
1093:Saint George's Night
1049:indigenous religious
283:Uprising suppressed
54:improve this article
1311:Bishopric of Dorpat
1943:Sectarian violence
1938:Pagan restorations
1933:Saint George's Day
1752:Arumer Zwarte Hoop
1667:Uprising of Ivaylo
1225:Battle of Kanavere
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1037:Northern Crusaders
1031:(Saaremaa) by the
983:population in the
668:5th Christiansborg
646:4ht Christiansborg
629:3rd Christiansborg
624:2nd Christiansborg
619:1st Christiansborg
198:interlanguage link
1978:Looting in Europe
1958:Baltic rebellions
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1837:Bulavin Rebellion
1413:Maasilinna Castle
1400:Wigand of Marburg
1366:Rebellion in Ăsel
1350:in 1346 sold the
1239:Battle of SÔjamÀe
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786:Strait of Malacca
752:4th Bay of Bengal
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962:in 1343â1345 (
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158:(August 2023)
154:
152:
147:You can help
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81:
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71: â
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65:Find sources:
59:
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49:
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43:This article
41:
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1248:(Cesis) and
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1214:
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1173:Weissenstein
1170:
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1101:Padise Abbey
1096:
1090:
1055:(Harju) and
1026:
959:
958:
921:
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859:4th Dansborg
841:
827:
798:3rd Dansborg
781:2nd Dansborg
773:
762:2nd Balasore
737:1st Balasore
719:
715:1st Dansborg
695:
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308:Belligerents
282:
194:edit summary
185:
156:
148:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1737:Poor Conrad
1433:The Avenger
1348:Valdemar IV
1283:Scandinavia
1269:, Tallinn.
1067:, 18% were
791:Philippines
708:Trincomalee
683:Prinsensten
590:Carolusborg
153:in Estonian
1882:Categories
1857:Great Fear
1797:Cudgel War
1485:8788073300
1459:References
1448:Uku Masing
1065:Westphalia
1023:Background
829:2nd Bengal
721:1st Bengal
635:Gold Coast
607:Cape Corso
596:Cape Coast
575:Cape Verde
547:Jakobshavn
524:Aizkraukle
483:Lyndanisse
456:Baltic Sea
290:sells the
110:April 2011
80:newspapers
1787:Dacke War
1682:Jacquerie
1657:Stellinga
1600:780198630
1372:Oeselians
1287:Wesenberg
1254:vassalage
1149:Wartberge
1073:Estonians
1071:, and 2%
1001:Christian
948:St. Croix
943:Caribbean
922:Caribbean
882:2nd India
775:1st India
757:2nd Pipli
727:1st Pipli
651:CrĂšvecĆur
552:ReykjavĂk
471:Pomerania
258:1343â1345
212:talk page
1777:Opryshky
1652:Bagaudae
1571:13143017
1551:13143017
1531:13143017
1511:13143017
1453:Holy See
1380:Saaremaa
1267:LasnamÀe
1232:Kanavere
1113:bailiffs
981:Estonian
964:Estonian
933:West Kay
928:St. John
915:Porreiar
898:Nancowry
803:Golconda
496:Novgorod
263:Location
188:provide
1697:Harelle
1435:). The
1384:Muhumaa
1354:to the
1329:Varbola
1325:Prussia
1295:Finland
1259:SÔjamÀe
1250:Treyden
1186:komturs
1137:Rotalia
1061:vassals
1057:Vironia
1045:Denmark
1041:Germany
1011:by the
849:Tillali
808:Carical
767:Hooghly
663:3rd Osu
614:1st Osu
542:Iceland
529:Estonia
488:Tallinn
477:Livonia
461:Wendish
381:†
330:Oeselia
326:Vironia
322:Rotalia
294:to the
288:Denmark
210:to the
192:in the
155:.
94:scholar
1598:
1569:
1549:
1529:
1509:
1482:
1429:Tasuja
1340:Fellin
1302:Russia
1279:Sweden
1246:Wenden
1202:Ravila
1198:Jervia
1190:Fellin
1153:Russow
1141:Hapsal
1125:Sweden
1121:Viborg
1053:Harria
987:, the
697:Ceylon
678:Dodowa
569:Africa
519:Karuse
358:
318:Harria
314:Revala
279:Result
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1404:Vesse
1388:Pöide
1306:Pskov
1109:Reval
1069:Danes
1039:from
1009:marks
673:Volta
658:Ningo
514:Durbe
507:Pskov
466:RĂŒgen
172:DeepL
101:JSTOR
87:books
1596:OCLC
1567:OCLC
1547:OCLC
1527:OCLC
1507:OCLC
1480:ISBN
1382:and
1376:Ăsel
1263:lit.
1194:Riga
1177:vogt
1151:and
1119:and
1043:and
1029:Ăsel
690:Asia
255:Date
186:must
184:You
73:news
1588:hdl
1427:'s
1374:in
1323:in
1188:of
1117:Ă
bo
1115:of
1091:On
641:2nd
174:or
56:by
1884::
1594:.
1494:^
1297:.
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970:,
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1431:(
1261:(
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117:(
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108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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