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456:''In the Mughal administrative capitals and royal karkhana, however, artisans enjoyed royal patronage. In the sixteenth ... It included karkhanadar (supervisor), ustad (artisan-master) and shagird (disciple or subordinate artisan). The state ... According to Abul Fazl, court-writer of the Mughal emperor Akbar,....''
471:''The actual work was carried on by the artisans who have been referred to as apprentices and beginners under the direction and control of the Master artisan or Ustad . ... Because it was the Master Artisan who infused life and vigour in the Karkhana by his imagination , art and skill .''
235:(master craftsman's examination). The duration of the courses takes 1 to 4 years depending on the craft and on the Course. The examination includes theoretical, practical and oral parts and takes 5 to 7 days (depending on the craft). In some crafts, the creation of a
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This tradition originates in
Medieval Europe. The earliest guilds were "frith" or "peace" guilds – groups bonded together for mutual protection following the breakdown of the kins, which were groups related by blood ties.
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before he could actually join the guild. If the masterpiece was not accepted by the masters, he was not allowed to join the guild and possibly remained a journeyman for the rest of his life.
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in 1992, after four years of assessment. Designed by heraldic expert Peter
Greenhill to reflect the many categories of guild membership, it features: three escutcheons (shields) to represent
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To become a master craftsman, it is usually required to have completed vocational training in the craft in which the examination is to be taken, culminating in a final examination called
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424:, with elementary, middle and high school completing general education; with post secondary degrees awarded in the Associates, Bachelor and Master levels; and
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Merchant guilds – associations of international trades – were powerful in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, but lost their ascendancy with the rise of the
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for running their own business or alternatively for higher positions at a company. The status of master craftsmen is regulated in the German
73:, only masters and journeymen were allowed to be members of the guild. An aspiring master would have to pass through the career chain from
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as masters. The United States
Bartenders Guild grants bartenders the title of Master Mixologist through a series of tests.
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is at the same level as a bachelor's degree, even though it is not an academic degree and thus not directly comparable.
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and legal training. Additionally, it implies the qualification to train apprentices. These qualifications prepare the
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While for the most part guilds as such do not exist, many trades continue the apprentice-journeyman-master model:
172:) is the highest professional qualification in crafts and is a state-approved grade. The certification is called
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before he could be elected to become a master craftsman. He would then have to produce a sum of money and a
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231:(journeyman's examination). If these requirements are fulfilled, the candidate can take courses for the
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was who made things or provided services. Mastercraftsman was the superior, and expert craftsman called
205:) and master craftsman have been retained even through modern times. For safety-relevant crafts, e.g.,
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Journeymen and master craftsmen are by law automatically members of their regional chamber of crafts (
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Hochschulzugang für beruflich qualifizierte
Bewerber ohne schulische Hochschulzugangsberechtigung
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Artisans, Sufis, Shrines: Colonial
Architecture in ... – Page 18 books.google.co.in › books
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Castle, which overlooks the guild's headquarters, is featured above the helmet as the crest.
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540:(in German). German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. 16 May 2013. Archived from
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A master discusses a vacuum compressor with his apprentice boy and several other craftsmen.
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Master craftsman certificate – Handwerkskammer
Dresden – July 7, 1958
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Guilds have been abolished in
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Industrial
Structure of India During Medieval Period – Page 43
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Craftsman
Selling Cases by a Teak Wood Building Ahmedabad, by
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qualifies the holder to study for a bachelor's degree at
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Medieval India: From
Sultanat to the Mughals Part – II
432:and associate professors as journeymen and full
129:discussed their social status and importance in
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620:Meister equivalent bachelor, German Government
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600:Website of German craft chambers
258:or not. According to the German
188:Gesetz zur Ordnung des Handwerks
574:Graduate Education in Chemistry
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605:The Guild of Master Craftsmen
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420:The tradition survives in
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610:The Woodworkers Institute
461:Hussain Ahmad Khan · 2014
487:Chandra, Satish (2005).
260:Qualifications Framework
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54:(sometimes called only
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548:30 October
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363:carpenters
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107:apprentice
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381:See also
375:plumbers
333:; and a
319:dovetail
307:building
303:stainers
299:painters
199:Lehrling
180:business
125:emperor
538:bmbf.de
331:joinery
295:artists
252:Meister
244:Meister
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164:Germany
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121:of the
111:shagird
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339:chisel
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