277:, and for modern light trucks and passenger cars, usually, there are two circuits for safety reasons. This is done in a diagonally split hydraulic system i.e. one circuit operates front left and right rear brakes, while the secondary works the other two wheels. If there is a failure in one of the brake lines or the caliper seal, one of the circuits will still be intact and still be able to stop the vehicle. Each circuit works on opposite corners in order to avoid destabilizing the vehicle that would happen if only one axle has brakes while the other axle has none. With only one circuit working there are significantly longer stopping distances and repairs should be done before driving again.
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towards a surface that rotates with the wheel (this surface is typically either a drum or a disc, a.k.a. a rotor) until the stationary brake pad(s) create friction against that rotating surface (typically the rotating surface is metal or ceramic/carbon, for their ability to withstand heat and
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cylinder(s). The hydraulic pressure created by moving a piston (inside the bore of the master cylinder) toward the slave cylinder(s) compresses the fluid evenly, but by varying the comparative surface area of the master cylinder and each slave cylinder, one can vary the amount of
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For hydraulic brakes or clutches alike, flexible high-pressure hoses or inflexible hard-walled metal tubing may be used; but the flexible variety of tubing is needed for at least a short length adjacent to each wheel, whenever the wheel can move relative to the car's
263:(this is the case on any car with steering and other suspension movements; some drag racers and go-karts have no rear suspension, as the rear axle is welded to the chassis, and some antique cars also have no rear suspension movement).
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When inspecting brake pads and rotors for wear, drivers and mechanics need to look out for uneven component wear since it could be a sign of low pressure or failure in one of the brake circuits.
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to avoid air from entering the master cylinder (even the typical clutch uses brake fluid, but it may also be referred to as "clutch fluid" in a clutch application).
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nhtsa.gov, National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration, DOT HS 811 251, April 2010, Human Performance Evaluation of Light Vehicle Brake Assist Systems, page 33
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and displacement applied to each slave cylinder, relative to the amount of force and displacement applied to the master cylinder.
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until the high-friction material on the transmission's clutch disengages from the engine's metal (or ceramic/carbon)
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2017 CT.gov
Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance, Hydraulic Brake System and Trailer Brake Inspection Procedure, 2012
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A reservoir above each master cylinder supplies the master cylinder with enough
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of the master cylinder, this movement is transferred through the
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In brake systems, the operated devices are cylinders inside
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Control device that converts force into hydraulic pressure
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416:How Master Cylinders and Combination Valves Work
339:"Chapter 7 : Basic Hydraulic System Theory"
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273:Each piston in a master cylinder operates a
174:system and/or the hydraulic clutch system.
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For the album by Caveman Shoestore, see
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239:friction without wearing-down rapidly).
366:"Viscosity of Automotive Brake Fluids"
234:or slave cylinders, and they push the
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327:. Majorsell Limited.
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368:. Anton Paar Wiki
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