517:
529:
45:
2385:
1468:
676:
572:, was elected from West Sumatra for the Masyumi party at this contest. 51.3% of Masyumi's vote came from Java, but Masyumi was the dominant party for regions outside Java, and it established itself as the leading party for one third of people living outside Java. The party received a million US dollars from the CIA for their election efforts.
404:, on 7 November 1945 a new organization called Masyumi was formed. The founders wanted to take advantage of the organization's fame and structure, but there was considerable discussion as to whether to retain the name, due to its association with the Japanese occupiers. Its membership included key figures from the wartime Masyumi such as
596:
passed a law allowing him to ban parties whose ideologies conflicted with those of the state, or whose members rebelled against the state, and he subsequently used this law to threaten
Masyumi to either dissolve itself or be forcefully dissolved. Following the collapse of the rebellion, Natsir and
659:
Two other parties, known as the
Masyumi Party, established by former Masyumi member Mawardi Noor, and the New Masyumi Party, contested the 1999 election, but won only 0.22% and 0.14% of the vote respectively, which was enough for the former to be awarded one seat in the legislature. Neither party
632:(DDII), which was based at the former head office of Masyumi. As well as a refuge for former Masyumi supporters, the organization campaigned against "Christianization" of Indonesia and appealed for support from the lower social classes. After the
495:
with support from the PSI and other smaller parties. However, this cabinet lasted less than seven months, falling in March 1951 after losing support from the smaller parties and parliament. It was followed by two
Masyumi-PNI coalition cabinets,
475:, was supported by ethnic Javanese members, and had closer links with the Nahdlatul Ulama, the PNI leadership, and President Sukarno. The party as a whole had more support from non-urban areas of Indonesia. It also controlled its newspaper,
536:
Elections had originally been scheduled for 1946. Many parties were worried that
Masyumi would emerge as an outright winner and tried to delay the vote, but in April 1953, an election law was finally enacted scheduling elections for
512:
to the post of religious affairs minister. The NU decided at its congress in 1952 to become an independent political party. This split damaged the standing of the
Masyumi and its claim to be the sole party for Indonesia's Muslims.
507:
Shortly after the Wilopo cabinet took office, the
Nahdlatul Ulama began the process of withdrawing from Masyumi following protracted disputes, including a conflict over the cabinet's refusal to reappoint key NU figure
345:
organization, which was anti-communist. In 1920, Muhammadiyah merged into Sarkat Islam. In 1923, Tjokroaminoto moved to expel communists from the organization at the SI Congress and established the
Islamic Union Party
340:
Although it began as a non-political organization, it began to speak out against injustice and poverty. By 1918, it had 450,000 members. Communist influence within it grew, but so did that of the reformist
Islamic
376:
in
Indonesia. It too included Muhammadiyah and the Nahdlatul Ulama. However, Muslims resented the attempt to use them as tools of the Japanese and were especially angered by the obligation to bow towards the
1884:
491:
In the same month, Sukarno asked Natsir to form a cabinet. Natsir attempted to negotiate with the second-largest party, the PNI, but was unsuccessful, and in
September announced the formation of
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3157:
1456:
3600:
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302:
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Its chief aims were the achievement of Indonesian independence and the establishment of a state governed by Islamic principles. It was strongly anti-communist. Along with the
452:
3640:
369:, the Japanese authorities banned the PSII but allowed the MIAI to continue. However, it became dominated by former PSII members, so it in turn was dissolved in 1943.
484:
By 1950, Masyumi was considered the largest political party in Indonesia. On this basis it was awarded 49 seats, the largest number, in the 232-seat legislature, the
3620:
3615:
2006:
3645:
2804:
294:
361:(PSII). The next few years saw splits within the party, worsened by the death of Tjokroaminoto in 1937. In September 1937, Muhammadiyah and the traditionalist
3610:
2321:
366:
2861:
2283:
2165:
3630:
1449:
1434:
1595:
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412:, the PSII, and non-political Islamic organizations such as the traditionalist Nahdlatul Ulama and the modernist Muhammadiyah. The main leaders were
2194:
467:
There were two main factions within the party. The first, led by Natsir, attracted support from the younger generation who had participated in the
2153:
1676:
1489:
2052:
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2028:
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401:
257:
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887:
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In November the Japanese established an organization called the Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations (Masyumi) in an attempt to control
1402:
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2809:
2159:
2137:
2046:
1706:
1700:
542:
516:
3525:
2794:
2077:
1922:
1742:
1429:. Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series. Ithaca, New York: Modern Indonesia Project, Cornell University.
2183:
1569:
1481:
538:
485:
2702:
2445:
1187:
3650:
3192:
2314:
1688:
435:(PSI), it played a dominant role in Indonesian politics from 1945 to 1949. Two Masyumi members, including Natsir, served in the
2929:
1853:
1694:
1559:
637:
160:
552:. It won 7,903,886 votes, representing 20.9% of the popular vote, resulting in 57 seats in parliament. Masyumi was popular in
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3520:
3167:
2260:
2242:
1994:
1952:
1837:
1718:
1660:
553:
468:
358:
216:
131:
392:), rather than Mecca. However, the new organization became highly politicized and established a network across the country.
636:
in 1998, another attempt was made to revive the Masyumi name, but eventually, Masyumi followers and others established the
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1766:
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2614:
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2148:
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1982:
1928:
1817:
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1519:
432:
203:
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2131:
2100:
1940:
1859:
1712:
1574:
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established the Supreme Islamic Council of Indonesia (MIAI), an umbrella group for Islamic organizations. Following
2893:
2206:
2125:
1976:
1946:
1917:
1807:
1424:
1407:
456:
528:
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3287:
3147:
3005:
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2189:
2143:
2058:
2000:
1970:
1964:
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1842:
1760:
1754:
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Meanwhile, in 1967, Mohammad Natsir and a few of his close associates, including Mohammad Roem, established the
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1832:
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1513:
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334:
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2411:
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1736:
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with Masyumi figure Soekiman as Prime Minister (but with no representation from the Natsir faction) and the
3132:
2990:
2949:
2839:
2727:
2579:
2541:
2349:
2218:
2177:
2171:
1650:
1531:
592:. The Masyumi Party refused to condemn their actions, which damaged the party's image. In 1960, President
472:
378:
262:
70:
2482:
459:. In April 1947, the PSII left Masyumi following disagreements with the leadership, particularly Natsir.
3635:
3546:
3162:
2888:
2829:
2604:
2288:
2092:
1988:
1295:
1179:
689:
436:
252:
2418:
1322:
3097:
3087:
2871:
2599:
2584:
2230:
1772:
1023:
661:
448:
20:
621:, but this was not permitted. However, the government eventually permitted the establishment of the
3137:
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1618:
606:
569:
444:
347:
314:
278:
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2844:
2624:
2556:
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2330:
2236:
1864:
1349:
387:
382:
227:
2200:
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488:, when this was formed following the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia in August.
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3373:
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2908:
2752:
2707:
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2514:
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2224:
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1934:
1645:
1387:
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1339:
1307:
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1183:
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477:
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322:
208:
184:
3346:
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2913:
2883:
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2117:
1655:
1603:
1331:
1112:
681:
3243:
2423:
605:
Following the banning, Masyumi members and followers established the Crescent Star Family (
329:
traders in the face of competition from ethnic Chinese merchants. In 1912, this became the
44:
3515:
3510:
3495:
3122:
3057:
2866:
2717:
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2470:
2278:
2022:
633:
504:
led by Wilopo from the PNI, with a Masyumi deputy prime minister, Prawoto Mangkusasmito.
497:
413:
362:
122:
74:
3351:
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3313:
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1827:
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1300:
501:
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220:
2384:
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3307:
2903:
2629:
2519:
1812:
1584:
1274:
1250:
417:
330:
65:
1324:
Islam and Politics in Indonesia: The Masyumi Party between Democracy and Integralism
3452:
3447:
3000:
2849:
2697:
2677:
2619:
2594:
2504:
2499:
2440:
2435:
1730:
1564:
1507:
699:
557:
509:
409:
342:
232:
212:
127:
1075:
Global Electioneering Campaign Consulting, Communications, and Corporate Financing
597:
Sjafruddin, along with other senior Masjumi figures, were jailed in January 1962.
3248:
877:
3457:
2959:
2747:
2634:
2609:
2534:
2529:
2494:
2017:
1912:
443:, and four to its Working Committee. Masyumi members subsequently served in the
242:
60:
584:
rebellion broke out. In November 1957, senior Masyumi figures Mohammad Natsir,
3324:
3152:
3044:
2784:
2722:
2639:
2509:
2489:
2465:
2354:
1613:
1608:
1233:
Partai-Partai Politik Indonesia 1999-2019: Konsentrasi dan Dekonsentrasi Kuasa
671:
617:
law and teachings. An attempt was made to reestablish the party following the
3238:
3472:
3409:
3403:
3104:
2455:
1467:
290:
1353:
439:
appointed in November 1945, while 35 Masyumi members were appointed to the
1403:"Will the born-again Masyumi Party shake up Indonesia's Islamic politics?"
1384:
Kabinet-Kabinet Republik Indonesia: Dari Awal Kemerdekaan Sampai Reformasi
3436:
3414:
3385:
3378:
3329:
2854:
1879:
1869:
1335:
1030:(in Indonesian). Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. 5 June 2018
625:
in 1968 but refused to allow former Masyumi members to lead the party.
3395:
3319:
3302:
3265:
3260:
3226:
2367:
2362:
2106:
1894:
1822:
660:
contested subsequent elections. The formation of a new party known as "
622:
614:
593:
561:
521:
298:
172:
153:
313:
In 1909, a trade organization called the Islamic Trading Association (
3419:
3368:
3363:
3339:
3297:
3270:
3255:
3231:
3221:
2980:
2372:
2299:
1958:
1495:
589:
588:, and Burhanuddin Harahap, joined the rebels in the Sumatran city of
354:- PSI), which adopted a policy of non-collaboration with the Dutch.
568:. One of Indonesia's first female legislators, educational activist
471:
and from the non-Javanese membership. The second faction, headed by
3467:
3202:
3197:
2692:
664:" was declared in November 2020 by a group of Islamic activists.
527:
515:
373:
326:
3462:
3442:
3187:
2303:
1789:
1631:
1438:
1176:
Partai-Partai Politik Indonesia: Ideologi dan Program 2004–2009
1202:
740:
738:
3158:
Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism
1330:. Translated by Desmond, Jeremy. Singapore: NUS Press.
1174:
Setiawan, Bambang; Bestian, Nainggolan, eds. (2004).
582:
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia
1255:
The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia
532:
A pamphlet released by Masyumi for the 1955 election
3534:
3488:
3428:
3180:
3113:
3025:
3018:
2973:
2922:
2777:
2770:
2653:
2570:
2399:
2392:
2337:
2116:
2091:
2068:
1903:
1893:
1798:
1669:
1638:
1593:
1547:
1479:
1077:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 114.
333:(Islamic Union) and was headed by Western-educated
238:
226:
202:
191:
179:
168:
145:
137:
118:
100:
90:
80:
59:
51:
30:
1299:
1273:
1257:. Singapore: Equininox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd.
1548:Parties represented only in regional legislatures
1280:. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
2007:League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence
1426:The Foundation of the Partai Muslimin Indonesia
640:, which contested the legislative elections in
275:Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations Party
2805:Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals
1306:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
1231:Bestian Nainggolan; Yohan Wahyu, eds. (2016).
2315:
1450:
1028:Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Sumatera Barat
19:For the modern-day party formed in 2020, see
8:
3601:1943 establishments in the Dutch East Indies
1235:(in Indonesian). PT Kompas Media Nusantara.
367:their 1942 invasion of the Dutch East Indies
321:) was established in Java, then part of the
2166:Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party
1366:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200
950:
141:Supreme Islamic Council of Indonesia (MIAI)
3022:
2774:
2396:
2322:
2308:
2300:
1900:
1786:
1628:
1457:
1443:
1435:
498:the first from April 1951 to February 1952
43:
27:
16:Major Islamic political party in Indonesia
1203:Bestian Nainggolan & Yohan Wahyu 2016
882:(in Indonesian). 2007. pp. 679–682.
289:, was a major Islamic political party in
33:Council of Indonesian Muslim Associations
3641:Political parties disestablished in 1960
1149:
1137:
1099:
1060:
1010:
986:
974:
938:
914:
840:
816:
792:
780:
768:
744:
717:
2154:Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion
1677:Concern for the Nation Functional Party
1490:Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
1302:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
710:
283:Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia
36:Partai Majelis Syuro Muslimin Indonesia
3621:Islamic political parties in Indonesia
3616:Defunct political parties in Indonesia
2815:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
1683:Indonesian Workers and Employers Party
1161:
695:List of political parties in Indonesia
630:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
402:Indonesian Declaration of Independence
150:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
3646:Political parties established in 1945
2035:Party of the People of Free Indonesia
1386:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Djambatan.
1214:
1048:
998:
962:
926:
902:
864:
852:
828:
804:
756:
729:
441:Central Indonesian National Committee
297:. It was banned in 1960 by President
7:
2935:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
2810:Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah
2160:Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party
1707:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
1701:Indonesian National Party Marhaenism
1368:(4th ed.), Palgrave MacMillan,
1125:
1087:
3611:1960 disestablishments in Indonesia
2078:Indonesian Irian Independence Party
1923:Chinese Indonesian Democratic Party
1743:Justice and Prosperous People Party
623:Muslim Party of Indonesia (Parmusi)
424:, Jusuf Wibisono and Abu Hanafi.
357:In 1929 the party was renamed the
295:Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia
14:
3631:Organizations established in 1943
3163:Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya
2446:Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi
1959:Indonesian Marhaen People's Union
879:Seabad pers kebangsaan, 1907-2007
3606:1945 establishments in Indonesia
2383:
1977:Islamic Education Movement Party
1749:Indonesian People's Da'wah Party
1466:
1401:Tomsa, Dirk (16 December 2020).
674:
541:for September 1955, and for the
2184:National People's Concern Party
1854:Indonesian Political Federation
1695:New Indonesia Party of Struggle
486:People's Representative Council
3168:December 2016 Jakarta protests
3049:Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia
2261:Ulema National Awakening Party
1953:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
1838:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
1713:Alliance of Independent People
1661:Prosperous and Safe Aceh Party
1473:Political parties in Indonesia
1382:Simanjuntak, P. N. H. (2003).
1205:, pp. 239, 391 & 404.
831:, pp. 135, 139, 171, 193.
548:Masyumi came in second in the
469:Indonesian National Revolution
359:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
325:, to protect the interests of
132:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
94:24 October 1943 (organization)
1:
2820:Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
929:, pp. 148–150, 180, 228.
502:next (April 1952 - June 1953)
3580:National Heroes of Indonesia
3506:Islamic criminal law in Aceh
3035:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
2862:Muslim Students' Association
2615:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi
2255:Peace and Safe Islamic Party
2149:Functional Party of Struggle
2047:Socialist Party of Indonesia
2041:Socialist Party of Indonesia
1983:Islamic Tharikah Unity Party
1929:Communist Party of Indonesia
1818:Communist Party of Indonesia
1594:Parties represented only in
580:In the mid-1950s, the
524:at a 1954 Masyumi convention
433:Socialist Party of Indonesia
3501:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
2132:Democratic Nationhood Party
2101:Indonesian Democratic Party
1941:Great Indonesia Unity Party
1575:Indonesian Solidarity Party
3667:
2407:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari
2207:Prosperous Indonesia Party
2126:Archipelago Republic Party
1947:Indonesian Christian Party
1767:People's Sovereignty Party
1178:(in Indonesian). Jakarta:
613:) to campaign for Islamic
457:United States of Indonesia
451:Hatta cabinets and in the
18:
3565:
3288:Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran
3148:Maluku sectarian conflict
3006:Mujahidin Indonesia Timur
2758:Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya
2381:
2284:List of political parties
2274:
2195:People's Democratic Party
2107:Muslim Party of Indonesia
2001:Labour Party of Indonesia
1971:Indonesian Peasants Party
1965:Indonesian National Party
1875:Partai Tionghoa Indonesia
1843:Indonesian National Party
1785:
1761:Indonesian Students Party
1755:Nusantara Awakening Party
1627:
1580:People's Conscience Party
1272:Friend, Theodore (2003).
1182:. pp. 31–36, 58–66.
429:Indonesian National Party
248:
42:
3083:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
2965:United Development Party
2955:Prosperous Justice Party
2945:National Awakening Party
2825:Indonesian Ulema Council
2478:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani
2138:Democratic Renewal Party
2053:Socialist People's Party
1849:Indonesian Fascist Party
1833:Indonesian Islamic Party
1725:Green Party of Indonesia
1538:United Development Party
1526:Prosperous Justice Party
1514:National Awakening Party
1073:Sussman, Gerald (2005).
953:, pp. 113–116, 126.
586:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
422:Sjafruddin Prawiranegara
396:Post-independence period
379:Imperial Palace in Tokyo
335:Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto
3651:Banned Islamist parties
3040:Ottoman embassy to Aceh
2835:Islamic Defenders Front
2800:Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
2790:Campus Dakwah Institute
2029:National People's Party
1633:Non-legislature parties
1570:Justice and Unity Party
1480:Parties represented in
1321:Madinier, Rémy (2015).
601:Successor organizations
543:Constitutional Assembly
285:), better known as the
228:Political position
96:7 November 1945 (party)
3133:Tanjung Priok massacre
2991:Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
2950:National Mandate Party
2728:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
2219:Prosperous Peace Party
2178:Indonesian Youth Party
2172:Indonesian Unity Party
2059:Village People's Union
1532:National Mandate Party
1296:Kahin, George McTurnan
611:Keluarga Bulan Bintang
610:
533:
525:
473:Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
351:
318:
282:
106:; 64 years ago
104:13 September 1960
71:Soekiman Wirjosandjojo
3626:Islamism in Indonesia
2840:Liberal Islam Network
2830:Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
2605:Muhammad Jamil Jambek
2520:Maulana Malik Ibrahim
2289:Politics of Indonesia
1989:Islamic Victory Force
1024:"Rahmah El Yunusiyah"
690:Politics of Indonesia
531:
519:
463:Liberal Democracy era
253:Politics of Indonesia
157:Crescent Star Family
3575:History of Indonesia
3570:Mosques in Indonesia
3098:Yogyakarta Sultanate
2663:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
2600:Tahir bin Jalaluddin
2585:Abdul Karim Amrullah
2231:Regional Unity Party
1773:Masyumi Reborn Party
1689:National Front Party
1482:national legislature
1276:Indonesian Destinies
1113:"Saat Masyumi Bubar"
576:The end of the party
550:legislative election
545:for December 1955.
352:Partai Sarekat Islam
319:Sarekat Dagang Islam
21:Masyumi Party (2020)
3138:Talangsari incident
2930:Crescent Star Party
2688:Abdullah Gymnastiar
1651:Aceh People's Party
1619:Nanggroe Aceh Party
1560:Crescent Star Party
1336:10.2307/j.ctv1ntfxk
1152:, pp. 436–437.
1140:, pp. 420–422.
1051:, pp. 436–437.
1013:, pp. 430–432.
1001:, pp. 275–280.
989:, pp. 386–389.
977:, pp. 135–136.
965:, pp. 235–237.
941:, pp. 384–386.
867:, pp. 136–138.
855:, pp. 156–158.
638:Crescent Star Party
570:Rahmah el Yunusiyah
455:of the short-lived
301:for supporting the
161:Crescent Star Party
3143:Insurgency in Aceh
3063:Kingdom of Kaimana
2845:Majelis Rasulullah
2625:Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
2557:Burhanuddin Ulakan
2461:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
2436:Yusuf al-Makassari
2331:Islam in Indonesia
2237:National Sun Party
1865:Paguyuban Pasundan
1423:Ward, Ken (1970).
843:, pp. 57, 81.
534:
526:
3588:
3587:
3479:Tafsir Al-Mishbah
3176:
3175:
3128:Petition of Fifty
3088:Ternate Sultanate
3078:Mataram Sultanate
3073:Malacca Sultanate
3014:
3013:
2923:Political parties
2909:Sumatera Thawalib
2899:Rabithah Alawiyah
2766:
2765:
2753:Abdurrahman Wahid
2708:Nurcholish Madjid
2547:Ali Mughayat Syah
2542:Abdurrauf Singkil
2515:Sunan Gunung Jati
2451:Abdullah al-Misri
2419:Nawawi al-Bantani
2297:
2296:
2270:
2269:
2225:Reform Star Party
2213:Sovereignty Party
2087:
2086:
1935:Dayak Unity Party
1799:Pre-independence
1781:
1780:
1646:Atjeh Green Party
1393:978-979-428-499-5
1375:978-0-230-54686-8
1345:978-9971-69-843-0
1313:978-0-8014-9108-5
1287:978-0-674-01834-1
1264:978-979-3780-45-0
1242:978-602-412-005-4
1090:, pp. 12–14.
889:978-979-1436-02-1
819:, pp. 52–56.
783:, pp. 43–44.
747:, pp. 36–37.
732:, pp. 67–72.
554:modernist Islamic
323:Dutch East Indies
271:
270:
258:Political parties
217:Islamic modernism
209:Islamic democracy
164:
146:Succeeded by
82:Secretary-General
3658:
3557:Central Sulawesi
3399:
3382:
3355:
3343:
3252:
3211:Babad Tanah Jawi
3093:Tidore Sultanate
3023:
2996:Jamaah Islamiyah
2914:Wahdah Islamiyah
2884:Nahdlatul Wathan
2775:
2743:Said Aqil Siradj
2673:Abu Bakar Bashir
2486:
2427:
2415:
2397:
2387:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2301:
1901:
1793:
1787:
1656:Aceh Unity Party
1629:
1604:Aceh Abode Party
1596:Aceh legislature
1520:Democratic Party
1471:
1470:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1436:
1430:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1408:The Conversation
1397:
1378:
1357:
1329:
1317:
1305:
1291:
1279:
1268:
1246:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
951:Simanjuntak 2003
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
893:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
733:
727:
721:
715:
684:
682:Indonesia portal
679:
678:
677:
556:regions such as
391:
198:Tens of millions
195:
158:
138:Preceded by
114:
112:
107:
83:
47:
28:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3561:
3530:
3516:Jemaah Tarbiyah
3511:Jama’ah Tabligh
3496:Islam Nusantara
3484:
3424:
3393:
3376:
3349:
3337:
3281:Istiqlal Mosque
3246:
3172:
3123:Jakarta Charter
3115:
3109:
3058:Demak Sultanate
3027:
3010:
2969:
2918:
2867:Nahdlatul Ulama
2762:
2718:Mohammad Natsir
2655:
2649:
2572:
2566:
2562:Usman bin Yahya
2480:
2471:Tuanku Tambusai
2421:
2409:
2388:
2379:
2333:
2328:
2298:
2293:
2279:Portal:Politics
2266:
2201:Pioneers' Party
2112:
2083:
2071:West New Guinea
2070:
2069:Pre-integration
2064:
2023:Nahdlatul Ulama
1905:
1889:
1800:
1794:
1791:
1777:
1665:
1634:
1623:
1589:
1543:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1433:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1400:
1394:
1381:
1376:
1360:
1346:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1294:
1288:
1271:
1265:
1249:
1243:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
961:
957:
949:
945:
937:
933:
925:
921:
913:
909:
901:
897:
890:
876:
875:
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
835:
827:
823:
815:
811:
803:
799:
791:
787:
779:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
743:
736:
728:
724:
720:, p. xiii.
716:
712:
708:
680:
675:
673:
670:
634:fall of Suharto
619:fall of Sukarno
603:
578:
465:
414:Mohammad Natsir
398:
385:
363:Nahdlatul Ulama
311:
267:
219:
215:
211:
193:
156:
152:
130:
126:
123:Nahdlatul Ulama
110:
108:
105:
95:
81:
75:Mohammad Natsir
73:
69:
38:
37:
34:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3664:
3662:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3526:Traditionalist
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3400:
3388:
3383:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3344:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3314:Sejarah Banten
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3214:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:Gowa Sultanate
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:Aceh Sultanate
3047:
3042:
3037:
3031:
3029:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2733:Quraish Shihab
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:Harun Nasution
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2683:Djohan Effendi
2680:
2675:
2670:
2668:Azyumardi Azra
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2590:Hasyim Asy'ari
2587:
2582:
2580:Abdullah Ahmad
2576:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2552:Tuanku Nan Tuo
2549:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2525:Sunan Kalijaga
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2431:Hamzah Fansuri
2428:
2416:
2403:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2359:Old divisions
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1918:Catholic Party
1915:
1909:
1907:
1898:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Indische Party
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1808:Catholic Party
1804:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Berkarya Party
1551:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1502:Gerindra Party
1499:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1476:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1439:
1432:
1431:
1420:
1398:
1392:
1379:
1374:
1362:Ricklefs, M.C.
1358:
1344:
1318:
1312:
1292:
1286:
1269:
1263:
1251:Feith, Herbert
1247:
1241:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1188:
1166:
1164:, p. 383.
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1104:
1102:, p. 411.
1092:
1080:
1065:
1063:, p. 396.
1053:
1041:
1015:
1003:
991:
979:
967:
955:
943:
931:
919:
917:, p. 383.
907:
905:, p. 136.
895:
888:
869:
857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
807:, p. 111.
797:
795:, p. 335.
785:
773:
771:, p. 319.
761:
749:
734:
722:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
697:
692:
686:
685:
669:
666:
662:Masyumi Reborn
602:
599:
577:
574:
464:
461:
431:(PNI) and the
406:Hasyim Asy'ari
400:Following the
397:
394:
310:
307:
269:
268:
266:
265:
260:
255:
249:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
224:
223:
221:Anti-communism
206:
200:
199:
196:
189:
188:
181:
177:
176:
170:
166:
165:
159:(later became
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
120:
119:Merger of
116:
115:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
84:
78:
77:
63:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
40:
39:
35:
32:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3663:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3359:Tabligh Akbar
3357:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Masyumi Party
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Sarekat Islam
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:Civil society
2776:
2773:
2771:Organizations
2769:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:Kartosoewirjo
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2645:Tjokroaminoto
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Mohammad Roem
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:Awakening era
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2393:Major figures
2391:
2386:
2374:
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2256:
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2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Patriot Party
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Freedom Party
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2102:
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2094:
2090:
2079:
2076:
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2067:
2060:
2057:
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2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Masyumi Party
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
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1902:
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1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
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1863:
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1852:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Chung Hwa Hui
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
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1750:
1747:
1744:
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1738:
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1732:
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1714:
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1647:
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1630:
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1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1585:Perindo Party
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
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1410:
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1404:
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1359:
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1266:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
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1238:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1189:979-709-121-X
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:Madinier 2015
1146:
1143:
1139:
1138:Ricklefs 2008
1134:
1131:
1128:, p. 16.
1127:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:Ricklefs 2008
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1061:Ricklefs 2008
1057:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:Madinier 2015
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
988:
987:Ricklefs 2008
983:
980:
976:
975:Madinier 2015
971:
968:
964:
959:
956:
952:
947:
944:
940:
939:Ricklefs 2008
935:
932:
928:
923:
920:
916:
915:Ricklefs 2008
911:
908:
904:
899:
896:
891:
885:
881:
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873:
870:
866:
861:
858:
854:
849:
846:
842:
841:Madinier 2015
837:
834:
830:
825:
822:
818:
817:Madinier 2015
813:
810:
806:
801:
798:
794:
793:Ricklefs 2008
789:
786:
782:
781:Madinier 2015
777:
774:
770:
769:Ricklefs 2008
765:
762:
759:, p. 94.
758:
753:
750:
746:
745:Madinier 2015
741:
739:
735:
731:
726:
723:
719:
718:Madinier 2015
714:
711:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
683:
672:
667:
665:
663:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
600:
598:
595:
591:
587:
583:
575:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
530:
523:
518:
514:
511:
505:
503:
499:
494:
489:
487:
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474:
470:
462:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
418:Mohammad Roem
415:
411:
407:
403:
395:
393:
389:
384:
380:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
344:
338:
336:
332:
331:Sarekat Islam
328:
324:
320:
316:
308:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:Masyumi Party
284:
280:
276:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:
205:
201:
197:
190:
187:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
162:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
133:
129:
124:
121:
117:
103:
99:
93:
89:
85:
79:
76:
72:
67:
66:Hasyim Asyari
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
41:
29:
26:
22:
3636:Pan-Islamism
3547:West Sumatra
3477:
3453:Kitab kuning
3448:Jamiat Kheir
3435:
3402:
3312:
3209:
3193:Architecture
3116:independence
3028:independence
3001:Laskar Jihad
2939:
2850:Muhammadiyah
2795:Hidayatullah
2698:Wahid Hasyim
2678:Idham Chalid
2656:independence
2620:Haji Misbach
2595:Ahmad Dahlan
2505:Sunan Drajat
2500:Sunan Bonang
2441:Malikussaleh
2249:United Party
2243:Labour Party
2128:(RepublikaN)
2012:
1995:Labour Party
1731:Gelora Party
1719:Labour Party
1565:Garuda Party
1508:NasDem Party
1496:Golkar Party
1425:
1412:. Retrieved
1406:
1383:
1365:
1323:
1301:
1275:
1254:
1232:
1210:
1198:
1175:
1169:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1107:
1095:
1083:
1074:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
878:
872:
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
788:
776:
764:
752:
725:
713:
700:Pan-Islamism
658:
627:
604:
579:
558:West Sumatra
547:
535:
510:Wahid Hasyim
506:
490:
483:
476:
466:
426:
410:Wahid Hasyim
399:
371:
356:
343:Muhammadiyah
339:
312:
286:
274:
272:
233:Center-right
213:Pan-Islamism
183:
169:Headquarters
128:Muhammadiyah
125:(until 1952)
52:Abbreviation
25:
3458:Kota santri
3394: [
3377: [
3350: [
3338: [
3247: [
2986:Darul Islam
2960:Ummah Party
2748:Abdul Somad
2738:Ma'ruf Amin
2635:Rasuna Said
2610:Mas Mansoer
2535:Sunan Murya
2530:Sunan Kudus
2495:Sunan Ampel
2481: [
2422: [
2410: [
2400:Classic era
2018:Murba Party
1913:Acoma Party
1904:Independent
1737:Ummah Party
1414:23 February
1354:j.ctv1ntfxk
1162:Friend 2003
493:his cabinet
386: [
383:kyūjō-yōhai
305:rebellion.
293:during the
243:Sunni Islam
192:Membership
175:, Indonesia
3595:Categories
3325:Serak Gulo
3303:Sholawatan
3153:Poso riots
3045:Wali Sanga
2785:Alkhairaat
2723:Amien Rais
2640:Agus Salim
2510:Sunan Giri
2490:Wali Sanga
2466:Tuanku Rao
2345:Shia Islam
2118:Reform era
1979:(PI Perti)
1949:(Parkindo)
1614:Aceh Party
1609:SIRA Party
1224:References
1215:Tomsa 2020
1049:Feith 2008
999:Feith 2008
963:Feith 2008
927:Feith 2008
903:Feith 2008
865:Feith 2008
853:Kahin 1952
829:Feith 2008
805:Kahin 1952
757:Kahin 1952
730:Kahin 1952
607:Indonesian
539:parliament
520:President
348:Indonesian
315:Indonesian
309:Background
279:Indonesian
111:1960-09-13
3552:East Java
3535:By region
3521:Modernist
3489:Movements
3473:Pesantren
3429:Education
3410:Wetu Telu
3404:Tombo Ati
3391:Tirakatan
3266:Manakiban
3105:Padri War
2571:National
2350:Ahmadiyya
2203:(Pelopor)
2109:(Parmusi)
2093:New Order
1906:Indonesia
1860:Insulinde
1364:(2008) ,
1253:(2008) .
1126:Ward 1970
1088:Ward 1970
291:Indonesia
263:Elections
180:Newspaper
3437:Al-Munir
3415:Yaqowiyu
3386:Tausiyah
3374:Takbiran
3369:Tahlilan
3330:Slametan
3217:Costumes
2872:GP Ansor
2855:Aisyiyah
2338:Branches
2257:(Idaman)
2168:(PNBK-I)
2055:(Parsas)
1961:(Permai)
1880:Partindo
1870:Parindra
1733:(Gelora)
1691:(Barnas)
1670:National
1639:Regional
1298:(1952).
668:See also
239:Religion
204:Ideology
173:Djakarta
61:Chairman
3420:Yasinan
3347:Suronan
3320:Sekaten
3293:Qasidah
3276:Mosques
3261:Lebaran
3227:Songkok
3181:Culture
3019:History
2974:Militia
2368:Priyayi
2363:Abangan
2355:Kejawèn
2049:(Parsi)
1895:Sukarno
1823:Gerindo
1801:parties
1792:Defunct
1745:(PRIMA)
1739:(Ummat)
1709:(PPNUI)
1703:(PNI-M)
1034:13 July
615:shariah
594:Sukarno
562:Jakarta
522:Sukarno
453:cabinet
437:cabinet
299:Sukarno
154:Parmusi
109: (
91:Founded
86:Various
68:(first)
55:Masyumi
3364:Tabuik
3335:Suroan
3298:Rebana
3271:Maulid
3256:Kauman
3239:Hadroh
3232:Sarong
3222:Kupiah
2981:Banser
2889:PERSIS
2877:JATMAN
2373:Santri
2263:(PKNU)
2186:(PPRN)
2162:(PPDI)
2156:(PKDI)
2080:(PKII)
2037:(PRIM)
2009:(IPKI)
1991:(AKUI)
1985:(PPTI)
1955:(PSII)
1925:(PDTI)
1856:(GAPI)
1751:(PDRI)
1697:(PPIB)
1685:(PPPI)
1679:(PKPB)
1390:
1372:
1352:
1342:
1310:
1284:
1261:
1239:
1186:
1180:Kompas
886:
590:Padang
564:, and
449:second
194:(peak)
101:Banned
3468:LIPIA
3398:]
3381:]
3354:]
3342:]
3308:Saman
3251:]
3244:Khaul
3203:Tajug
3198:Bedug
3114:Post-
2894:PERTI
2693:Hamka
2654:Post-
2485:]
2456:Padri
2426:]
2414:]
2239:(PMB)
2233:(PPD)
2227:(PBR)
2221:(PDS)
2209:(PIS)
2197:(PRD)
2180:(PPI)
2174:(PSI)
2140:(PDP)
2134:(PDK)
2103:(PDI)
2061:(PRD)
2043:(PSI)
2031:(PRN)
2003:(PBI)
1973:(PTI)
1967:(PNI)
1943:(PIR)
1937:(PPD)
1931:(PKI)
1885:PPPKI
1845:(PNI)
1769:(PKR)
1763:(PMI)
1757:(PKN)
1727:(PHI)
1715:(SRI)
1492:(128)
1350:JSTOR
1328:(PDF)
706:Notes
478:Abadi
445:first
390:]
374:Islam
327:batik
185:Abadi
3542:Aceh
3463:Kyai
3443:Iqro
3188:Adat
3026:Pre-
2251:(PP)
2245:(PB)
2215:(PK)
2025:(NU)
1997:(PB)
1721:(PB)
1540:(19)
1534:(44)
1528:(50)
1522:(54)
1516:(58)
1510:(59)
1504:(78)
1498:(85)
1416:2021
1388:ISBN
1370:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1308:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1259:ISBN
1237:ISBN
1184:ISBN
1036:2022
884:ISBN
654:2014
652:and
650:2009
646:2004
642:1999
566:Aceh
447:and
408:and
303:PRRI
273:The
1897:era
1332:doi
656:.
337:.
3597::
3396:id
3379:id
3352:id
3340:id
3249:id
2483:id
2424:id
2412:id
1405:.
1348:.
1338:.
1026:.
737:^
648:,
644:,
609::
560:,
481:.
420:,
416:,
388:ja
350::
317::
281::
2323:e
2316:t
2309:v
1458:e
1451:t
1444:v
1418:.
1396:.
1356:.
1334::
1316:.
1290:.
1267:.
1245:.
1217:.
1192:.
1115:.
1038:.
892:.
381:(
346:(
277:(
163:)
113:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
