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equilibria. Part of the idea is that every coastal nation has a sovereign right to subsistence. If marine resources are intercepted and exhausted before they enter the EEZ and territorial waters of coastal states, these states will be deprived of oceanic resources which they would otherwise harvest
447:
coast of the
Americas, especially South America. Besides Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia have all proposed maritime areas that match the concept of mar presencial. While Canada has not explicitly proposed a mar presencial, it acted in a manner consistent with the concept during the
346:
Under this principle, a coastal nation (or several coastal nations, collectively) will demarcate areas of high seas contiguous or adjacent to their EEZ. Without claiming sovereignty over the international water in these areas, this demarcation serves as an announcement of a national interest in
489:. The preliminary treaty gave international backing to the mar presencial theory. The mar presencial concept has been legally enshrined by Chilean legislation in the General Law of Fishing, the Basic General Law of the Environment, and in the law of Nuclear Security.
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In
Argentina Senator Mariano Utrera led a legislative project to mark out a mar presencial space called "Fixein the borders of the "Argentinian National Heritage Sea Reserve." The law was presented to the Senate and Chamber of Deputies November 27, 1987.
421:. First presented in a master's class on May 4, 1990, it was expanded in another master's class on May 2, 1991. The definition was later broadened into a more general concept of greater utility, and applicable to coastal states worldwide.
209:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
318:
Argentinian
Heritage Marine Reserve, according to the legal project of Argentinian Senator Mariano Utrera. A variety of areas are included within these borders, such as legally disputed areas, recognized claims, and high
460:
Chile created this theory, and was the first to implement one in 1991, with the passage of law N°19080. Article 1, final paragraph, defines the concept of a "mar presencial" for the southeastern quadrant of the
Pacific
386:
in their jurisdictional waters. Accordingly, a state can prevent ships that are overexploiting its mar presencial from calling its ports. The legal basis of this theory was partially weakened as a results of the 1995
390:, which dealt with the management of transboundary species and highly migratory fish that freely travel between high seas and EEZs. A concrete application of the theory of mar presencial occurred during the 1995
428:" the Mar Presencial is a type of contiguous zone to the EEZ in which the state will prevent (and perhaps punish?) infringements of its fishing, research, and resource exploitation interests in the EEZ."
219:
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preserving the whole demarcated area from abusive uses or from certain activities whose proximity could impact marine resources inhabiting the nation's EEZ. A common stated intent is protecting
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373:
A mar presencial occurs when a state declares an interest in a maritime space, while still recognizing the liberties of any international waters it encompasses, in accordance with the
195:
527:)). This agreement attempts to protect certain species of migratory fish, including in international waters. Additional steps have been taken to establish a Southeast Pacific
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850:[Law No 19080: Modifying law No 18892, general law of fishing and aquaculture] (Law 19080, 1) (in Spanish). Chilean National Congress. 6 September 1991. p. 1.
1005:
470: That oceanic space which encompasses the outermost borders of the Exclusive Economic Zones generated by the Chilean islands to the interior of that maritime space.
343:. The objective of this oceanopolitical concept or doctrine, is to signal to third parties where the coastal country's interests are, or could be directly involved.
411:
374:
975:
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The Turbot War between Canada and Spain generated a concrete application of the theory. Canada fired shots across the bow and seized the
Spanish fishing trawler
648:
Joyner, Christopher C.; De Cola, Peter N. (1993). "Chile's
Presential Sea Proposal: Implications for Straddling Stocks and the International Law of Fisheries".
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On April 30, 1989, the proposed legislation expired without being passed. However the concept can still be observed in what is referred to as "La Milla 201" (
465:
Es aquel espacio oceánico comprendido entre el límite de la Zonas Económicas
Exclusivas que generan las islas chilenas al interior de dicho espacio marítimo.
748:
669:
Vicuña, Francisco Orrego (1993). "Toward an effective management of high seas fisheries and the settlement of the pending issues of the law of the sea".
229:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
237:
937:
698:
Clingan, Thomas A. (January 1993). "Mar
Presencial (the Presential sea): Deja Vu all over again?—a response to Francisco Orrego Vicuña".
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Springer, Allen L. (March 1997). "The
Canadian Turbot War with Spain: Unilateral State Action in Defense of Environmental Interests".
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to get involved. The case went to the Hague, was judged in Canada's favor, and Spain was forced to pay a substantial fine.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Spanish Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Under the 1997 “Acuerdo Marco para la Conservación de los Recursos Vivos Marinos en la Alta Mar del Pacífico Sudeste” (
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908:"En Galápagos se dará el primer paso para las Áreas Marinas Protegidas de la Alta Mar en el Pacífico Oriental | WWF"
502: Framework Agreement for the Conservation of Living Marine Resources in the High Seas of the Southwest Pacific
73:
113:
824:. Comisión Permanente del Pacífico Suroriental (CPPS). Via Ministerio del Extranjero de Colombia. Agosto, 2000.
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Most of the countries that have expressed mar presencial interests have been neighbors of Chile, or on the
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550:, referring to the first mile outside of the EEZ), where Argentina carries out regular patrols against
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Zackrison, James L.; Meason, James L. (1997). "Chile, "Mar Presencial", and the Law of the Sea".
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Jane Gilliland Dalton, The Chilean Mar Presencial: A Harmless Concept or a Dangerous Precedent?,
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Silva-Villagra, Enrique J. (2012). El Mar Presencial, aplicación futura de sus postulados.
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proposed a "Regional Mar Presencial of the CPPS» (Comisión Permanente del Pacífico Sur (
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861:(pdf) "Gary, Luis Kohler (2005). El Mar Presencial de Chile. Su desafío actual"
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Kibel, Paul Stanton (2000). "Alone at sea: Chile's presencial ocean policy".
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940:[Mile 201: the Hottest Point for Illegal Fishing in the Country].
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The Chilean Mar Presencial: A Harmless Concept or a Dangerous Precedent?
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Fijación de los límites del Mar de Resguardo Patrimonial Argentino.
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Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales
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for "sea where we are present" or "zone of maritime presence") or
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938:"Milla 201: el punto más caliente de la pesca ilegal en el país"
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Ley 19080: Modifica ley N° 18892, general de pesca y acuicultura
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The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 8, 397-418.
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As a result of this Chile had an international dispute with the
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is a zone of influence demarcated by a maritime country in the
1000:[Mile 201: Overview of Illegal Fishing in Argentina].
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US Naval JAG officer Jane Dalton defined a mar presencial as
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to this template: there are already 945 articles in the
998:"Milla 201: Escenario de la pesca ilegal en Argentina"
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Countries that have expressed mar presencial interests
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The "Theory of the Mar Presencial" was developed by a
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ECO HOUSE (2021-01-27). Bonacifa, María José (ed.).
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a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
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749:The Journal of Environment & Development
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50:Learn how and when to remove these messages
700:Ocean Development & International Law
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302:An example of mar presencial: the zone
968:"La milla 201. Un desafío geopolítico"
412:Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Navy
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884:(181–204). Universitat de Barcelona.
619:(1). Oxford University Press: 43–63.
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944:(in Spanish). Editorial Perfil S.A.
872:Ruiz, Juan Francisco Martín (2005).
381:and subsequent collapse of delicate
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996:Olivera, Jennifer P. (2019-02-13).
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966:Figueroa, Javier (2020-04-09).
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72:needs additional citations for
39:or discuss these issues on the
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341:exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
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914:(in Spanish). 2012-08-23.
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912:World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
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