302:
485:. Cameron opted to advance against this settlement as well. Nixon led the attack on the lightly defended village, at which there were many women and children present. Possibly influenced by the fact that Cameron was observing events, Nixon's leadership of the attack was reckless and he was shot and severely wounded as he approached a hut. About 24 MÄori were killed or wounded during the attack and another 33 taken prisoner. The British then withdrew to Te Awamutu. Cameron was later criticised for the Rangiaowhia attack; it was not a fighting
30:
383:
The Royal
Volunteer Cavalry was disbanded in 1862. However, the following year the Colonial Defence Force Cavalry was formed and Nixon was appointed its commander. He helped in the recruitment for the unit, attracting almost 200 men from Otahuhu, which soon became known as "Nixon's Horse", which had
532:
in
Scotland. The monument, which stands at the intersection of Mangere and Great South roads, was completed and formally unveiled in 1868. Several compromises had been made in its design and construction; it was now much simpler in appearance and stone from
360:, Nixon submitted a proposal to the New Zealand Government for the raising of a force of colonial volunteers. He was made a lieutenant colonel in the Auckland Militia and formed the Royal Volunteer Cavalry, which had responsibility for the townships at
541:, as originally intended. It was suggested that some of the funds raised for the monument go towards the care of his sisters. The following year, the New Zealand Government granted the sisters an annual pension of Ā£150.
225:
as commander of Nixon's Horse, another cavalry unit. He was one of the highest ranking casualties of the New
Zealand Wars when he died on 27 May 1864 from wounds received in an attack earlier in the year on a village at
544:
On Anzac Day in 1968, Nixon's remains were moved from
Symonds Street Cemetery and re-interred to the base of the monument. In recent years, there have been controversial calls for the removal of the monument.
1036:
1056:
372:. He also led his forces ensuring the security of the communication and supply routes from Auckland through to defensive positions in South Auckland. In 1861, he stood for the
851:
341:
from Nixon and other
Manukau Harbour tribes, assisted Nixon building his farmhouses. Soon, along with other landowners in the area, he sought access to MÄori land in the
1051:
384:
troops at
Auckland, Howick and Otahuhu. He is considered the father of New Zealand cavalry for his roles in raising the first units of their type in New Zealand.
1066:
221:. In 1860, during one of the main phases of the New Zealand Wars, he formed and led a cavalry unit in defence of South Auckland. He later participated in the
289:
of 1843. At this stage of his career, he was the brigade major of the 5th
Brigade. In 1851 Nixon resigned from the British Army, having reached the rank of
1071:
416:
458:
ordered all MÄori living in the South
Auckland region to evict the area, or to swear fealty to the Queen. While leaving for the Waikato, Nixon captured
301:
345:
region. However, by this time, MÄori were beginning to become increasingly resistant to selling of their land, leading to increased tensions with the
500:
After
Rangiaowhia, Nixon was evacuated north to his property at Mangarei in Mangere. His wounds, to his chest and lungs, ultimately proved fatal and
1061:
1046:
497:
to which some MÄori had fled during the
Rangiaowhia attack were set on fire with them inside and that one man attempting to surrender was shot.
1000:
1041:
907:
443:
373:
581:
266:
991:
948:
929:
802:
586:
427:
377:
235:
49:
491:
and the Kingites considered the action contrary to established conduct of warfare. There were also accusations that one or more
462:, the paramount chief of Te Äkitai Waiohua and his former neighbour at MÄngere. Takanini and his family were taken prisoner to
321:, a fellow officer of the 39th Regiment who later moved to New Zealand. At Haultain's suggestion, Nixon travelled on the ship
265:. Marmaduke attended the Royal Military College at Sandhurst, from which he graduated in 1831 before he was posted to the
852:"Removing monument to colonial commander who led attacks in NZ Wars like 'burying our heads in the sand' professor says"
883:
524:
Soon after his death, discussions began in relation to the erection of a monument in his memory. By May 1865, land at
466:, where he died. By February 1864, after a series of actions as the invasion force moved south along the path of the
422:
346:
513:
293:. He was finding it difficult to support his two sisters on his income while serving as an officer in India.
509:
447:
222:
184:
504:
set in several weeks later. He died at his home on 27 May 1864. The previous month he had been promoted to
978:
891:
615:
451:
434:
393:
43:
217:. He left the British Army in 1851 and shortly afterwards emigrated to New Zealand to take up farming in
1026:
508:. He was one of the highest-ranking soldiers to have been a casualty of the New Zealand Wars. Buried at
214:
1031:
828:
763:
365:
334:
231:
478:. On 21 February, after bypassing MÄori at Paterangi they secured a largely unoccupied Te Awamutu.
369:
353:
823:
758:
610:
254:
in either 1813 or 1814. He was one of at least three children of Henry Nixon, an officer in the
794:
1008:
963:
944:
925:
903:
442:
In July 1863, Nixon's Horse was part of the British and Colonial forces, commanded by General
318:
72:
895:
529:
357:
286:
202:
178:
169:
856:
338:
310:
471:
459:
218:
528:, south of Auckland, had been acquired for the monument, which was to be based on the
380:, which encompassed most of rural South Auckland, and was duly elected on 28 January.
1020:
467:
463:
278:
210:
525:
118:
917:
290:
255:
209:, he joined the British Army in 1831, spending most of his career as an officer in
134:
482:
455:
227:
475:
326:
306:
260:
29:
967:
576:
282:
165:
516:, won unopposed by his friend from his days in the British Army, Haultain.
899:
501:
493:
330:
247:
106:
93:
653:
651:
454:, which was resisting colonial rule. Immediately prior to the invasion,
505:
361:
342:
147:
538:
534:
512:, he was survived by his two sisters. Nixon's death resulted in the
317:
During his service in British India, Nixon made the acquaintance of
481:
Beyond the town, 3 miles (4.8 km) away, was the settlement of
474:, Cameron's forces was aiming for the valuable farming land around
487:
300:
251:
206:
717:
715:
713:
285:
of 1834 and was involved in the Battle of Maharajpore during the
325:
to settle in New Zealand, arriving in 1852. He began farming at
700:
698:
685:
683:
681:
313:
in 1853. The European buildings shown are likely Nixon's farm
888:
Shifting Grounds: Deep Histories of TÄmaki Makaurau Auckland
638:
636:
634:
668:
666:
962:(4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer.
537:, in Tasmania, was used instead of being sourced from
922:
The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Military History
1037:
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
161:
153:
143:
130:
125:
113:
100:
87:
82:
66:
40:
20:
924:. Auckland, New Zealand: Oxford University Press.
201:(1813 or 1814 ā 27 May 1864) was a soldier in the
941:The Great War for New Zealand: Waikato 1800ā2000
234:, representing the largely rural electorate of
788:
786:
784:
782:
8:
1057:New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
767:. Vol. XX, no. 2115. 30 April 1864
745:
733:
721:
704:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
352:Following the commencement in March 1860 of
960:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840ā1984
832:. Vol. 20, no. 2167. 30 June 1864
974:
657:
28:
17:
1052:Military leaders of the New Zealand Wars
689:
642:
619:. Vol. 1, no. 169. 28 May 1864
391:
554:
281:with the 39th Regiment, serving in the
943:. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books.
672:
450:with the intention of suppressing the
62:28 January 1861 ā 27 May 1864
605:
603:
410:
407:
259:
7:
1067:19th-century New Zealand politicians
759:"Promotions in the Colonial Forces"
582:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
356:, in one of the main phases of the
267:39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot
246:Marmaduke George Nixon was born in
1072:Burials at Symonds Street Cemetery
14:
992:Member of Parliament for Franklin
803:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
587:Ministry for Culture and Heritage
277:Nixon spent a number of years in
1062:39th Regiment of Foot officers
1047:People of the New Zealand Wars
958:Wilson, James Oakley (1985) .
793:Cameron, Karen; Green, David.
238:from 1861 up until his death.
157:Colonial Defence Force Cavalry
1:
824:"The Nixon Monument Movement"
139:New Zealand Militia (1860ā64)
1042:Crown Colony of Malta people
660:, pp. 100ā101, 106ā107.
1088:
939:O'Malley, Vincent (2016).
448:invaded the Waikato region
1005:
989:
984:
977:
795:"Nixon memorial, ÅtÄhuhu"
577:"Nixon, Marmaduke George"
514:1864 Franklin by-election
426:
404:
401:
258:, and his wife Elizabeth
192:
78:
55:
36:
27:
611:"Death of Colonel Nixon"
374:House of Representatives
104:27 May 1864 (aged 50ā51)
510:Symonds Street Cemetery
388:Invasion of the Waikato
354:hostilities at Taranaki
337:, who lived across the
223:Invasion of the Waikato
185:Invasion of the Waikato
979:New Zealand Parliament
892:Bridget Williams Books
616:The New Zealand Herald
395:New Zealand Parliament
376:as the member for the
347:New Zealand Government
314:
199:Marmaduke George Nixon
44:New Zealand Parliament
900:10.7810/9781988587332
452:"Kingitanga Movement"
304:
215:39th Regiment of Foot
174:Battle of Maharajpore
829:Daily Southern Cross
764:Daily Southern Cross
232:Member of Parliament
799:New Zealand History
748:, pp. 300ā301.
736:, pp. 294ā295.
724:, pp. 291ā293.
692:, pp. 387ā388.
398:
378:Franklin electorate
297:Life in New Zealand
998:Served alongside:
860:. 6 September 2017
392:
315:
1015:
1014:
1009:Theodore Haultain
1006:Succeeded by
996:1861ā1864
909:978-1-988587-33-2
440:
439:
335:Te Äkitai Waiohua
319:Theodore Haultain
250:on the island of
196:
195:
73:Theodore Haultain
1079:
986:New constituency
975:
971:
954:
935:
913:
884:Mackintosh, Lucy
870:
869:
867:
865:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
790:
777:
776:
774:
772:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
708:
702:
693:
687:
676:
670:
661:
655:
646:
640:
629:
628:
626:
624:
607:
598:
597:
595:
593:
575:Barber, Laurie.
572:
530:Wallace Monument
399:
396:
358:New Zealand Wars
305:Nixon's farm at
287:Gwalior campaign
264:
230:. He was also a
203:New Zealand Wars
179:New Zealand Wars
170:Gwalior campaign
126:Military service
117:Nixon monument,
83:Personal details
69:
60:
46:
32:
18:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1017:
1016:
1011:
997:
995:
957:
951:
938:
932:
916:
910:
882:
879:
874:
873:
863:
861:
850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
792:
791:
780:
770:
768:
757:
756:
752:
744:
740:
732:
728:
720:
711:
703:
696:
688:
679:
671:
664:
658:Mackintosh 2021
656:
649:
641:
632:
622:
620:
609:
608:
601:
591:
589:
574:
573:
556:
551:
522:
394:
390:
299:
275:
244:
168:
138:
105:
92:
67:
61:
56:
47:
42:
23:
22:Marmaduke Nixon
12:
11:
5:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1004:
988:
982:
981:
973:
972:
955:
949:
936:
930:
920:, ed. (2000).
914:
908:
878:
875:
872:
871:
843:
815:
778:
750:
738:
726:
709:
707:, p. 283.
694:
677:
675:, p. 223.
662:
647:
645:, p. 374.
630:
599:
553:
552:
550:
547:
521:
520:Nixon monument
518:
460:Ihaka Takanini
444:Duncan Cameron
438:
437:
432:
430:
425:
420:
413:
412:
409:
406:
403:
389:
386:
309:bordering the
298:
295:
274:
271:
269:as an ensign.
243:
240:
219:South Auckland
194:
193:
190:
189:
188:
187:
176:
175:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
132:
131:Branch/service
128:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
102:
98:
97:
89:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
53:
52:
41:Member of the
38:
37:
34:
33:
25:
24:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1084:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1010:
1003:
1002:
1001:Robert Graham
994:
993:
987:
983:
980:
976:
969:
965:
961:
956:
952:
950:9781927277546
946:
942:
937:
933:
931:0-19-558376-0
927:
923:
919:
918:McGibbon, Ian
915:
911:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:
876:
859:
858:
853:
847:
844:
831:
830:
825:
819:
816:
804:
800:
796:
789:
787:
785:
783:
779:
766:
765:
760:
754:
751:
747:
746:O'Malley 2016
742:
739:
735:
734:O'Malley 2016
730:
727:
723:
722:O'Malley 2016
718:
716:
714:
710:
706:
705:O'Malley 2016
701:
699:
695:
691:
690:McGibbon 2000
686:
684:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
643:McGibbon 2000
639:
637:
635:
631:
618:
617:
612:
606:
604:
600:
588:
584:
583:
578:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
559:
555:
548:
546:
542:
540:
536:
531:
527:
519:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
495:
490:
489:
484:
479:
477:
473:
470:and then the
469:
468:Waikato River
465:
464:Rakino Island
461:
457:
456:Governor Grey
453:
449:
445:
436:
433:
431:
429:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
400:
397:
387:
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
312:
308:
303:
296:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
279:British India
272:
270:
268:
262:
257:
253:
249:
241:
239:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:British India
208:
204:
200:
191:
186:
183:
182:
181:
180:
173:
172:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
136:
133:
129:
124:
121:, New Zealand
120:
116:
114:Resting place
112:
109:, New Zealand
108:
103:
99:
95:
90:
86:
81:
77:
74:
71:
65:
59:
54:
51:
45:
39:
35:
31:
26:
19:
16:
1027:1810s births
999:
990:
985:
959:
940:
921:
887:
862:. Retrieved
855:
846:
834:. Retrieved
827:
818:
806:. Retrieved
798:
769:. Retrieved
762:
753:
741:
729:
621:. Retrieved
614:
590:. Retrieved
580:
543:
523:
499:
492:
486:
480:
441:
419:–1864
382:
351:
339:PÅ«kaki Creek
322:
316:
311:PÅ«kaki Creek
276:
273:British Army
263: Browne
256:British Army
245:
198:
197:
177:
162:Battles/wars
135:British Army
68:Succeeded by
57:
15:
1032:1864 deaths
864:6 September
836:24 November
808:24 November
673:Wilson 1985
623:24 November
483:Rangiaowhia
435:Independent
408:Electorate
329:, south of
228:Rangiaowhia
1021:Categories
877:References
771:1 December
476:Te Awamutu
242:Early life
205:. Born at
91:1813 or 14
968:154283103
323:Cresswell
283:Coorg War
213:with the
166:Coorg War
137:(1831ā51)
58:In office
886:(2021).
502:gangrene
428:Franklin
331:Auckland
248:Valletta
236:Franklin
154:Commands
107:Auckland
94:Valletta
50:Franklin
592:22 June
526:ÅtÄhuhu
506:colonel
446:, that
366:Panmure
362:Otahuhu
343:Waikato
327:MÄngere
307:MÄngere
148:Colonel
119:ÅtÄhuhu
96:, Malta
966:
947:
928:
906:
539:Oamaru
535:Hobart
411:Party
402:Years
370:Howick
368:, and
857:Stuff
549:Notes
494:whare
472:WaipÄ
405:Term
291:major
252:Malta
207:Malta
964:OCLC
945:ISBN
926:ISBN
904:ISBN
866:2017
838:2019
810:2019
773:2019
625:2019
594:2007
417:1861
144:Rank
101:Died
88:Born
48:for
896:doi
423:3rd
261:nƩe
1023::
902:.
894:.
890:.
854:.
826:.
801:.
797:.
781:^
761:.
712:^
697:^
680:^
665:^
650:^
633:^
613:.
602:^
585:.
579:.
557:^
488:pÄ
364:,
349:.
333:.
970:.
953:.
934:.
912:.
898::
868:.
840:.
812:.
775:.
627:.
596:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
