113:
134:
3257:
672:
In the molecular phylogenetic classification of Smith et al. in 2006, the
Marattiales formed the single member of the class Marattiopsida. Four genera were recognized. The class was lowered in rank to the subclass Marattiidae in the 2009 classification of
531:
classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiaceae is the only family in the order
Marattiales, which in turn is the only order in the subclass Marattiidae. Marattiidae is one of four subclasses of class
413:, with three species. It has fronds that are 2-5 times pinnate, distinctive stalked synangia, and awns on distal blade segments. Blade division decreases towards the apex of the frond. Plants of
681:, and subsequent systems such as Christenhusz et al. (2011). The Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (2016) classification retains this rank. In that system, Marattiidae is
4982:
4804:
4572:
1937:
5191:
5008:
4830:
4598:
3298:
5152:
4778:
4533:
3341:
391:
Genus
Angiopteris also undergoes monoplastidic meiosis, an ancestral trait, rather than polyplastidic meiosis, and is the only known example within
311:
The
Marattiaceae diverged from other ferns very early in their evolutionary history and are quite different from many plants familiar to people in
5178:
4995:
4817:
4585:
4546:
515:. They have bipinnate leaves with opposite pinnae, which are dimorphic, the fertile leaves much contracted, and covered below with sunken, linear
303:. The family has six genera and about 110 species. Many are different in appearance from other ferns, having large fronds and fleshy rootstocks.
1523:
736:
in subfamily
Danaeoideae and the remaining genera in subfamily Marattioideae, but this subfamilial classification was not taken up by PPG I.
1713:
Murdock, Andrew G. (2008). "A taxonomic revision of the eusporangiate fern family
Marattiaceae, with description of a new genus Ptisana".
1338:
Marattiaceae are considered one of the most primitive living lineages of ferns. The earliest members of the family appeared during the
1930:
3291:
5070:
4915:
1980:
1427:
1975:
207:
5183:
5000:
4822:
4590:
3320:
2059:
2049:
2032:
1923:
463:
as "para" now has been placed in this genus. Sometimes called the potato fern, this is a large fern with an edible fleshy
3346:
3336:
3284:
528:
296:
133:
5126:
4956:
4729:
477:
5013:
1426:
Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald & Wolf, Paul G. (2006).
4647:
486:
433:. Terminal segments usually have a prominent suture where they attach. The sporangia lack the labiate apertures of
385:
5196:
4835:
4603:
1342:, over 300 million years ago. The group has an extensive fossil record extending from the Carboniferous into the
4652:
1740:
Lehtonen, Samuli; Poczai, Péter; Sablok, Gaurav; Hyvönen, Jaakko; Karger, Dirk N.; Flores, Jorge (26 May 2020).
3331:
223:
350:
1545:(Marattiaceae) revisited: biodiversity, a new classification and ten new species of a neotropical fern genus"
4520:
2064:
4019:
5247:
4494:
4408:
112:
3856:
3702:
3672:
3449:
2968:
327:
is formed from a group of cells as opposed to a leptosporangium in which there is a single initial cell.
5214:
5044:
4866:
4634:
3882:
3862:
3850:
3624:
2027:
1248:
1161:
936:
696:
481:
472:
4525:
4499:
4088:
4037:
3922:
3896:
3876:
3790:
3696:
3579:
2956:
4551:
3916:
3904:
3890:
3678:
3666:
3648:
3630:
3591:
3585:
3435:
2962:
5242:
5206:
5075:
5023:
4969:
4920:
4845:
4752:
4613:
4468:
4077:
4025:
3985:
3910:
3820:
3814:
3802:
3796:
3690:
3684:
3660:
3597:
3260:
3006:
1488:
626:
544:
441:, and synangia are deeply cut. The name of the genus derives from the resemblance of the synangia to
3808:
3708:
3636:
3522:
2772:
1793:
Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022).
685:
and has one order, Marattiales, one family, Marattiaceae, six genera, and an estimated 111 species.
3642:
3463:
3407:
3401:
2974:
2425:
2408:
2318:
2166:
1915:
759:
753:
4152:
3457:
3395:
3104:
855:
789:
783:
429:
genus. These plants are 2-4 times pinnate, with fronds often comparable in size to those found in
5117:
4902:
4673:
4507:
4143:
3943:
3868:
3443:
3326:
2701:
2452:
2435:
2277:
2161:
2156:
2044:
2022:
2010:
1985:
1867:
1775:
1450:
1405:
1323:
771:
364:
320:
246:
128:
5219:
4871:
4031:
3421:
2784:
388:
in 1860. From there it was able to distribute itself throughout the eastern half of the island.
5049:
4987:
4639:
4446:
3415:
777:
5031:
4853:
4621:
4455:
4340:
4279:
4118:
3497:
3491:
3167:
3068:
3056:
2900:
2879:
2593:
2413:
2344:
2334:
2264:
2054:
2017:
2005:
1995:
1826:
1767:
1692:
1519:
460:
4720:
4577:
765:
4894:
4809:
4512:
4355:
4350:
4299:
4289:
4274:
4269:
4255:
3966:
3603:
3565:
3080:
3074:
3038:
2721:
2583:
2468:
2369:
1969:
1887:
1879:
1816:
1806:
1757:
1722:
1682:
1674:
1632:
1596:
1576:
1556:
1496:
1477:"Sporogenesis in Eusporangiate Ferns: I. Monoplastidic Meiosis in Angiopteris (Marattiales)"
1442:
1395:
447:
369:
5036:
4858:
4626:
4345:
4335:
4201:
4195:
4128:
3958:
3760:
3573:
3559:
3536:
3429:
3172:
3155:
3062:
2588:
2571:
2354:
2313:
2181:
2171:
2151:
1580:
678:
1492:
4284:
4222:
3995:
3752:
3530:
3475:
3386:
3092:
3032:
2906:
2873:
2831:
2744:
2672:
2667:
2615:
2085:
2000:
1947:
1821:
1794:
1687:
1662:
1476:
589:
554:
532:
345:
158:
5236:
4375:
4167:
4123:
3990:
3976:
3516:
3182:
3026:
2989:
2946:
2859:
2835:
2652:
2374:
2349:
2231:
2176:
1779:
1601:
1584:
1561:
1540:
1458:
1339:
674:
392:
373:
70:
1409:
4907:
4678:
4460:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4294:
4227:
4217:
4209:
4186:
4093:
4082:
4058:
4043:
3713:
3654:
3243:
3098:
3086:
2826:
2657:
2647:
2447:
2399:
2272:
1883:
540:
442:
426:
319:
of any fern. The
Marattiaceae is one of two groups of ferns traditionally known as
5131:
4961:
4734:
5102:
4705:
330:
The large fronds characteristic of the group are most readily found in the genus
5165:
5111:
4791:
4714:
4559:
4440:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4243:
4237:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4133:
4068:
4053:
4010:
4000:
3948:
3781:
3742:
3615:
3050:
3044:
2839:
2820:
2778:
2728:
2535:
2478:
2419:
2364:
2297:
2247:
2217:
2199:
2191:
1238:
1178:
977:
747:
690:
567:
452:
430:
337:
332:
45:
4947:
1620:
4103:
4048:
3934:
3734:
3250:
3177:
3145:
3131:
3114:
2662:
2339:
2128:
2119:
1637:
512:
410:
341:
324:
299:
classification of 2016 (PPG I), Marattiales is the only order in the subclass
90:
55:
4431:
1811:
5139:
5062:
4884:
4765:
4481:
2915:
2811:
2677:
2561:
2359:
2139:
2108:
741:
682:
536:
312:
95:
4665:
1830:
1771:
1696:
17:
4744:
5096:
5057:
4941:
4879:
4699:
4660:
4425:
3187:
2620:
2603:
2039:
1678:
1621:"A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns"
1343:
1278:
1268:
1137:
1087:
960:
886:
722:
708:
516:
405:
399:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1910:
1844:
1619:
Christenhusz, Maarten; Zhang, Xian-Chun & Schneider, Harald (2011).
1454:
5157:
3140:
2843:
2642:
2099:
1892:
1726:
1585:"A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III"
1500:
1288:
1104:
903:
728:
495:
464:
456:
421:
359:
100:
75:
5170:
3276:
1762:
1741:
1400:
1383:
494:. Despite the relatively diminutive size of plants in this genus, the
4796:
4564:
1446:
1258:
1055:
829:
702:
507:
403:
in the strict sense is found in the neotropics and Hawaii. The genus
381:
377:
315:. Many of them have massive, fleshy rootstocks and the largest known
4538:
4402:
1384:"A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns"
716:
to be paraphyletic, and the genus has been split into three genera,
4783:
5144:
4770:
4486:
3373:
3367:
3265:
3126:
2539:
2237:
1951:
1298:
Several other genera have been named in the
Marattiaceae, namely:
739:
This fern group has a long fossil history with many extinct taxa (
316:
145:
4974:
3307:
2911:
2630:
417:
usually only have one frond per plant per year (sometimes two).
355:
288:
178:
168:
4406:
3280:
2533:
1919:
1868:"Marattiaceae synangia from the Lower Cretaceous of Antarctica"
4757:
4473:
2239:
467:
that is used as a food source by some indigenous peoples.
480:
is an uncommon fern with distinctive fronds resembling a
348:. These fronds may be up to 9 meters long in the species
1661:
Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. & Chase, Mark W. (2014).
1518:(2 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 177.
1953:
1866:
Vera, Ezequiel I.; Césari, Silvia N. (December 2016).
712:), but phylogenetic analysis has determined the genus
1233:
Six genera are accepted in the PPG I classification:
688:
There have long been four traditional extant genera (
1795:"An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life"
1421:
1419:
5086:
4931:
4689:
4415:
4328:
4262:
4250:
4236:
4208:
4194:
4185:
4142:
4111:
4102:
4067:
4009:
3975:
3957:
3933:
3838:
3780:
3773:
3751:
3733:
3726:
3614:
3547:
3508:
3483:
3474:
3384:
3359:
3154:
3113:
3002:
2987:
2942:
2929:
2892:
2857:
2810:
2797:
2761:
2742:
2710:
2698:
2629:
2602:
2570:
2559:
2477:
2461:
2434:
2397:
2327:
2306:
2294:
2263:
2230:
2208:
2190:
2138:
2118:
2098:
2083:
804:Exploring the phylogeny of the marattialean ferns
1744:Exploring the phylogeny of the marattialean ferns
535:(ferns), to which it is related as shown in this
1845:"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL"
1614:
1612:
2541:
476:is named in honor of the Danish pteridologist
368:is widely naturalized and is registered as an
3292:
1931:
8:
1663:"Trends and concepts in fern classification"
1656:
1654:
502:are the largest known in the plant kingdom.
4403:
4191:
4108:
3842:
3777:
3730:
3551:
3480:
3356:
3299:
3285:
3277:
3256:
2999:
2939:
2935:
2889:
2865:
2807:
2803:
2758:
2754:
2739:
2707:
2695:
2567:
2556:
2552:
2530:
2474:
2458:
2440:
2431:
2394:
2303:
2291:
2260:
2256:
2095:
2091:
2080:
1938:
1924:
1916:
111:
31:
1891:
1820:
1810:
1761:
1686:
1636:
1600:
1560:
1399:
1708:
1706:
1589:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1549:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1516:Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity
1346:, but post-Jurassic records are scarce.
800:
1355:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
372:. The plant was introduced by Captain
287:is the only family of extant (living)
1872:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
7:
5207:edd5c7e3-ed57-47fb-9315-80510e3ca1f8
5024:85fe40bb-c1d9-44a9-ab37-0704e7c0f410
4846:f2238550-7034-4978-bcf0-1a9138afcdc8
4614:ad90d246-c2fb-4f8a-bb10-fc150ba917ef
1388:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
1428:"A classification for extant ferns"
1153:
1129:
1079:
1072:
1046:
1039:
952:
928:
878:
871:
846:
820:
813:
604:
582:
560:
550:
4653:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126774-1
1475:Brown, Roy C.; Lemmon, BE (2001).
25:
1322:. These are currently treated as
3255:
1602:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x
1562:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01061.x
732:. Christenhusz and Chase placed
490:, meaning horse-chestnut-leaved
132:
3266:Current definitions of Plantae
1884:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.09.007
1:
1539:Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2010).
529:Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
297:Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
237:
5264:
1799:Frontiers in Plant Science
487:Christensenia aesculifolia
386:Castleton Botanical Garden
3845:
3554:
3355:
3315:
3238:
2938:
2888:
2868:
2806:
2757:
2738:
2694:
2555:
2551:
2529:
2443:
2393:
2290:
2259:
2094:
2079:
1963:
1911:Tree of Life Marattiaceae
1638:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2
1481:Journal of Plant Research
1175:
1158:
1151:
1134:
1127:
1101:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1052:
1044:
974:
957:
950:
933:
926:
900:
883:
876:
869:
851:
844:
826:
818:
806:
803:
668:History of classification
624:
609:
602:
587:
580:
565:
558:
252:
245:
235:
230:
129:Scientific classification
127:
119:
110:
34:
1812:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768
484:leaf, hence the species
351:Angiopteris teysmanniana
384:and cultivated in the
5215:Paleobiology Database
5045:Paleobiology Database
4867:Paleobiology Database
4635:Paleobiology Database
4020:Acrostichopteridaceae
720:in the strict sense,
519:dehiscing via pores.
470:The East-Asian genus
380:as a staple food for
3261:List of plant orders
3141:Pinopsida (conifers)
3127:Cycadopsida (cycads)
3119:(living gymnosperms)
2616:Leiosporocerotopsida
2335:Nephroselmidophyceae
1847:. FTOL v1.4.0 . 2023
1514:Bell, Peter (2000).
1334:Evolutionary history
41:Carboniferous–Recent
3857:Anachoropteridaceae
3703:Gondwanostachyaceae
3673:Manchurostachyaceae
3643:Archaeocalamitaceae
3450:Pseudosporochnaceae
2969:Archaeopteridopsida
2702:Polysporangiophytes
2426:Klebsormidiophyceae
2409:Mesostigmatophyceae
2355:Chlorodendrophyceae
2319:Pyramimonadophyceae
2273:Prasinodermophyceae
2167:Compsopogonophyceae
1493:2001JPlR..114..223B
323:, meaning that the
321:eusporangiate ferns
4275:Rhachidosoridaceae
3883:Botryopteridiaceae
3863:Psalixochlaenaceae
3851:Anachoropteridales
3625:Asterocalamitaceae
3444:Pseudosporochnales
3160:(flowering plants)
3081:Lyginopteridopsida
2874:Eophyllophytopsida
2827:Zosterophyllopsida
2765:Paratracheophytes*
2543:sensu strictissimo
2453:Coleochaetophyceae
2436:Phragmoplastophyta
2278:Palmophyllophyceae
2200:Glaucocystophyceae
2162:Stylonematophyceae
2157:Porphyridiophyceae
1946:Classification of
1727:10.1002/tax.573007
1679:10.1093/aob/mct299
1501:10.1007/PL00013986
807:Fern Tree of Life
511:is endemic to the
365:Angiopteris evecta
261:Christenseniaceae
121:Angiopteris evecta
5230:
5229:
5032:Open Tree of Life
4854:Open Tree of Life
4622:Open Tree of Life
4409:Taxon identifiers
4400:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4341:Didymochlaenaceae
4280:Diplaziopsidaceae
4181:
4180:
4119:Thyrsopteridaceae
4112:Thyrsopteridineae
4089:Hydropteridiaceae
4038:Stachypteridaceae
3923:Urnatopteridaceae
3897:Senftenbergiaceae
3877:Botryopteridiales
3834:
3833:
3791:Knorripteridaceae
3769:
3768:
3722:
3721:
3697:Echinostachyaceae
3580:Aspidostachyaceae
3498:Stauropteridaceae
3484:†Stauropterididae
3274:
3273:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3168:Basal angiosperms
3069:Gigantopteridales
3018:seed plant groups
3016:and other extinct
2983:
2982:
2957:Noeggerathiopsida
2925:
2924:
2880:Trimerophytopsida
2853:
2852:
2793:
2792:
2749:(vascular plants)
2714:Protracheophytes*
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2653:Andreaeobryopsida
2594:Jungermanniopsida
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2414:Chlorokybophyceae
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2345:Chloropicophyceae
2286:
2285:
2265:Prasinodermophyta
2226:
2225:
1763:10.1111/cla.12419
1525:978-0-521-64109-8
1401:10.1111/jse.12229
1294:
1284:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1116:
1115:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1006:
998:
997:
989:
988:
915:
914:
664:
663:
655:
654:
646:
645:
637:
636:
445:. The king fern,
282:
281:
276:
270:
264:
258:
255:Angiopteridaceae
226:
210:
194:
16:(Redirected from
5255:
5223:
5222:
5210:
5209:
5200:
5199:
5187:
5186:
5174:
5173:
5161:
5160:
5148:
5147:
5135:
5134:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5079:
5078:
5066:
5065:
5053:
5052:
5040:
5039:
5027:
5026:
5017:
5016:
5004:
5003:
4991:
4990:
4978:
4977:
4965:
4964:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4924:
4923:
4911:
4910:
4898:
4897:
4888:
4887:
4875:
4874:
4862:
4861:
4849:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4826:
4825:
4813:
4812:
4800:
4799:
4787:
4786:
4774:
4773:
4761:
4760:
4748:
4747:
4738:
4737:
4725:
4724:
4723:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4682:
4681:
4669:
4668:
4656:
4655:
4643:
4642:
4630:
4629:
4617:
4616:
4607:
4606:
4594:
4593:
4581:
4580:
4568:
4567:
4555:
4554:
4542:
4541:
4529:
4528:
4516:
4515:
4503:
4502:
4490:
4489:
4477:
4476:
4464:
4463:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4404:
4356:Nephrolepidaceae
4351:Lomariopsidaceae
4300:Thelypteridaceae
4290:Desmophlebiaceae
4270:Cystopteridaceae
4256:Dennstaedtiaceae
4251:Dennstaedtiineae
4192:
4109:
3967:Hymenophyllaceae
3917:Discopteridaceae
3905:Urnatopteridales
3891:Senftenbergiales
3843:
3778:
3731:
3679:Notocalamitaceae
3667:Konnostachyaceae
3649:Paracalamitaceae
3631:Autophyllitaceae
3604:Sphenophyllaceae
3592:Boegendorfiaceae
3586:Boegendorfiaceae
3566:Pseudoborniaceae
3552:
3492:Stauropteridales
3481:
3436:Iridopteridaceae
3357:
3342:Acrogymnospermae
3301:
3294:
3287:
3278:
3259:
3258:
3173:Core angiosperms
3161:
3120:
3115:Acrogymnospermae
3093:Peltaspermopsida
3075:Glossopteridales
3057:Corystospermales
3039:Callistophytales
3019:
3011:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2963:Aneurophytopsida
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2890:
2866:
2862:
2821:Barinophytopsida
2808:
2804:
2800:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2740:
2722:Horneophytopsida
2713:
2708:
2704:
2696:
2636:
2621:Anthocerotopsida
2609:
2604:Anthocerotophyta
2584:Haplomitriopsida
2577:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2531:
2484:
2475:
2469:Zygnematophyceae
2459:
2441:
2432:
2402:
2395:
2370:Trebouxiophyceae
2340:Picocystophyceae
2304:
2300:
2292:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2145:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2081:
1992:
1972:
1957:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1917:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1765:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1667:Annals of Botany
1658:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1581:Reveal, James L.
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1457:. Archived from
1447:10.2307/25065646
1432:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1403:
1379:
1292:
1282:
1272:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1154:
1130:
1080:
1073:
1047:
1040:
953:
929:
879:
872:
847:
821:
814:
801:
605:
583:
561:
551:
478:Carl Christensen
448:Ptisana salicina
370:invasive species
274:
268:
262:
256:
222:
206:
192:
137:
136:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5218:
5213:
5205:
5203:
5195:
5190:
5182:
5177:
5169:
5164:
5156:
5151:
5143:
5138:
5130:
5125:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5082:
5074:
5069:
5061:
5056:
5048:
5043:
5035:
5030:
5022:
5020:
5012:
5007:
4999:
4994:
4986:
4981:
4973:
4968:
4960:
4955:
4946:
4945:
4940:
4927:
4919:
4914:
4906:
4901:
4893:
4891:
4883:
4878:
4870:
4865:
4857:
4852:
4844:
4842:
4834:
4829:
4821:
4816:
4808:
4803:
4795:
4790:
4782:
4777:
4769:
4764:
4756:
4751:
4743:
4741:
4733:
4728:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4685:
4677:
4672:
4664:
4659:
4651:
4646:
4638:
4633:
4625:
4620:
4612:
4610:
4602:
4597:
4589:
4584:
4576:
4571:
4563:
4558:
4550:
4545:
4537:
4532:
4524:
4519:
4511:
4506:
4498:
4493:
4485:
4480:
4472:
4467:
4459:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4430:
4429:
4424:
4411:
4401:
4380:
4346:Dryopteridaceae
4336:Hypodematiaceae
4324:
4258:
4246:
4232:
4204:
4202:Saccolomataceae
4196:Saccolomatineae
4177:
4138:
4129:Plagiogyriaceae
4098:
4078:Heroleandraceae
4063:
4026:Cynepteridaceae
4005:
3986:Oligocarpiaceae
3971:
3959:Hymenophyllales
3953:
3929:
3911:Crossothecaceae
3830:
3821:Danaeopsidaceae
3815:Asterothecaceae
3803:Ptychocarpaceae
3797:Pecopteridaceae
3765:
3761:Ophioglossaceae
3747:
3718:
3691:Sorocaulinaceae
3685:Schizoneuraceae
3661:Apocalamitaceae
3610:
3598:Eviostachyaceae
3574:Sphenophyllales
3560:Pseudoborniales
3543:
3537:Zygopteridaceae
3509:†Zygopterididae
3504:
3470:
3430:Iridopteridales
3380:
3351:
3332:Marchantiophyta
3311:
3305:
3275:
3270:
3194:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3118:
3117:
3109:
3063:Czekanowskiales
3017:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3003:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2979:
2943:
2930:
2921:
2893:Moniliformopses
2884:
2858:
2849:
2799:Eutracheophytes
2798:
2789:
2762:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2734:
2711:
2699:
2682:
2673:Polytrichopsida
2668:Tetraphidopsida
2634:
2633:
2625:
2607:
2606:
2598:
2589:Marchantiopsida
2575:
2574:
2572:Marchantiophyta
2560:
2547:
2493:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2457:
2430:
2398:
2381:
2323:
2314:Mamiellophyceae
2295:
2282:
2251:
2245:
2235:
2234:
2222:
2204:
2186:
2182:Florideophyceae
2172:Rhodellophyceae
2152:Cyanidiophyceae
2143:
2142:
2134:
2114:
2084:
2075:
2074:
1990:
1968:
1959:
1944:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1641:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1381:
1380:
1357:
1352:
1336:
1312:Protangiopteris
1300:Archangiopteris
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1191:
1117:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
916:
799:
679:James L. Reveal
670:
665:
656:
647:
638:
525:
313:temperate zones
309:
273:Kaulfussiaceae
221:
205:
191:
131:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:Family of ferns
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5261:
5259:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5235:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5224:
5211:
5201:
5188:
5175:
5162:
5149:
5136:
5123:
5108:
5092:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5067:
5054:
5041:
5028:
5018:
5005:
4992:
4979:
4966:
4953:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4912:
4908:wfo-9000000314
4899:
4889:
4876:
4863:
4850:
4840:
4827:
4814:
4801:
4788:
4775:
4762:
4749:
4739:
4726:
4711:
4695:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:wfo-7000000362
4670:
4657:
4644:
4631:
4618:
4608:
4595:
4582:
4569:
4556:
4543:
4530:
4517:
4504:
4491:
4478:
4465:
4452:
4437:
4421:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4285:Hemidictyaceae
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4223:Lonchitidaceae
4220:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4080:
4073:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4015:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3996:Gleicheniaceae
3993:
3988:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3939:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3846:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3811:
3809:Weichseliaceae
3805:
3799:
3793:
3786:
3784:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3757:
3755:
3753:Ophioglossales
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3728:
3727:Ophioglossidae
3724:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3709:Tchernoviaceae
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3637:Honseleriaceae
3633:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3555:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3531:Zygopteridales
3527:
3526:
3525:
3523:Rhacophytaceae
3512:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3487:
3485:
3478:
3476:Polypodiopsida
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3391:
3389:
3387:Cladoxylopsida
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3363:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3337:Polypodiophyta
3334:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:classification
3306:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3253:
3247:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3121:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3099:Pentoxylopsida
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3033:Calamopityales
3029:
3022:
3020:
2997:
2990:Spermatophytes
2985:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2952:
2950:
2947:Progymnosperms
2933:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2912:Polypodiopsida
2909:
2907:Cladoxylopsida
2903:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2869:
2863:
2860:Euphyllophytes
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2832:Lycopodiopsida
2829:
2823:
2816:
2814:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2773:Cooksoniopsida
2768:
2766:
2752:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2724:
2717:
2715:
2705:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2663:Oedipodiopsida
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2565:
2549:
2548:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2485:
2472:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2308:
2307:Prasinophytina
2301:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2254:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2210:incertae sedis
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2124:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2104:
2102:
2089:
2086:Archaeplastida
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:Mesomycetozoea
2062:
2057:
2047:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2001:Diaphoretickes
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1948:Archaeplastida
1945:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1905:External links
1903:
1900:
1899:
1858:
1836:
1785:
1756:(6): 569–593.
1732:
1721:(3): 737–755.
1702:
1673:(9): 571–594.
1650:
1608:
1595:(2): 122–127.
1577:Chase, Mark W.
1568:
1555:(3): 360–385.
1531:
1524:
1506:
1487:(3): 223–235.
1467:
1464:on 2008-02-26.
1441:(3): 705–731.
1415:
1394:(6): 563–603.
1382:PPG I (2016).
1354:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1335:
1332:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1068:Marattioideae
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
992:
991:
987:
986:
983:
982:
973:
970:
969:
966:
965:
956:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
932:
927:
925:
922:
921:
918:
917:
913:
912:
909:
908:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
882:
877:
875:
870:
868:
865:
864:
861:
860:
850:
845:
843:
842:Marattioideae
839:
838:
835:
834:
825:
819:
817:
812:
809:
808:
805:
798:
795:
669:
666:
662:
661:
658:
657:
653:
652:
649:
648:
644:
643:
640:
639:
635:
634:
631:
630:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
608:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
590:Ophioglossidae
586:
581:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
564:
559:
557:
555:Polypodiopsida
549:
533:Polypodiopsida
524:
521:
482:horse chestnut
393:euphyllophytes
308:
305:
280:
279:
278:
277:
271:
265:
259:
250:
249:
243:
242:
233:
232:
228:
227:
216:
212:
211:
200:
196:
195:
186:
182:
181:
179:Polypodiopsida
176:
172:
171:
169:Polypodiophyta
166:
162:
161:
156:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
125:
124:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5260:
5249:
5248:Fern families
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5221:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5198:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5118:Marattiopsida
5113:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5089:
5088:Marattiopsida
5085:
5077:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5015:
5010:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4868:
4864:
4860:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4688:
4680:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4377:
4376:Polypodiaceae
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4329:Polypodiineae
4327:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:Dicksoniaceae
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Loxsomataceae
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3991:Dipteridaceae
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3977:Gleicheniales
3974:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3924:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:Rhacophytales
3514:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3465:
3464:Steloxylaceae
3461:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3408:Voelkeliaceae
3405:
3403:
3402:Cladoxylaceae
3399:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:Bennettitales
3024:
3023:
3021:
3008:
3007:Pteridosperms
3001:
2998:
2994:(seed plants)
2991:
2986:
2976:
2975:Protopityales
2972:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2928:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2746:
2745:Tracheophytes
2741:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2658:Andreaeopsida
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:(land plants)
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2376:
2375:Chlorophyceae
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:Pedinophyceae
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:Chlorophytina
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2233:
2232:Viridiplantae
2229:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Bangiophyceae
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Stramenopiles
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1991:(major groups
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1949:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:Carboniferous
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1316:Protomarattia
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1249:Christensenia
1246:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:Christensenia
1156:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1011:
1003:
1002:
994:
993:
985:
984:
981:
980:
979:
972:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
962:
955:
954:
948:
947:
944:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:Christensenia
931:
930:
924:
923:
920:
919:
911:
910:
907:
906:
905:
898:
897:
894:
893:
890:
889:
888:
881:
880:
874:
873:
867:
866:
863:
862:
859:
858:
857:
849:
848:
841:
840:
837:
836:
833:
832:
831:
823:
822:
816:
815:
811:
810:
802:
796:
794:
792:
791:
786:
785:
780:
779:
774:
773:
768:
767:
762:
761:
760:Eoangiopteris
756:
755:
754:Scolecopteris
750:
749:
744:
743:
737:
735:
731:
730:
725:
724:
719:
715:
711:
710:
705:
704:
699:
698:
697:Christensenia
693:
692:
686:
684:
680:
676:
675:Mark W. Chase
667:
660:
659:
651:
650:
642:
641:
633:
632:
629:
628:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
607:
606:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
585:
584:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
563:
562:
556:
553:
552:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
522:
520:
518:
514:
510:
509:
503:
501:
500:Christensenia
497:
493:
492:Christensenia
489:
488:
483:
479:
475:
474:
473:Christensenia
468:
466:
462:
459:and known in
458:
457:South Pacific
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:paleotropical
424:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
407:
402:
401:
396:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
352:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
291:in the order
290:
286:
272:
266:
260:
257:Fée ex Bommer
254:
253:
251:
248:
244:
241:
239:
234:
229:
225:
220:
217:
214:
213:
209:
204:
201:
198:
197:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:Tracheophytes
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
5087:
4932:
4690:
4513:Marattiaceae
4447:Marattiaceae
4417:Marattiaceae
4416:
4371:Davalliaceae
4366:Oleandraceae
4361:Tectariaceae
4295:Aspleniaceae
4263:Aspleniineae
4228:Lindsaeaceae
4218:Cystodiaceae
4210:Lindsaeineae
4187:Polypodiales
4153:Tanydoraceae
4094:Salviniaceae
4083:Marsileaceae
4059:Schizaeaceae
4044:Tempskyaceae
3839:Polypodiidae
3826:Marattiaceae
3825:
3714:Equisetaceae
3655:Calamitaceae
3458:Steloxylales
3396:Cladoxylales
3347:Angiospermae
3244:paraphyletic
3156:Angiospermae
3133:
3132:Ginkgoales (
3105:Petriellales
3087:Medullosales
3014:(seed ferns)
2727:
2648:Sphagnopsida
2643:Takakiopsida
2576:(liverworts)
2542:
2536:Embryophytes
2490:(see below↓)
2448:Charophyceae
2418:
2400:Streptophyta
2252:land plants)
2240:
2209:
2127:
2120:Rhodelphidia
2107:
2050:Opisthokonta
1954:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1849:. Retrieved
1839:
1802:
1798:
1788:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1735:
1718:
1714:
1670:
1666:
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1628:
1624:
1592:
1588:
1571:
1552:
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1542:
1534:
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1509:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1459:the original
1438:
1434:
1391:
1387:
1337:
1327:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:Macroglossum
1307:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1237:
1232:
1177:
1176:
1160:
1159:
1136:
1135:
1103:
1102:
1086:
1085:
1054:
1053:
1050:Danaeoideae
976:
975:
959:
958:
935:
934:
902:
901:
885:
884:
856:Marattiopsis
854:
852:
828:
827:
824:Danaeoideae
790:Ptychocarpus
788:
784:Marattiopsis
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
738:
733:
727:
721:
717:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
687:
671:
627:Polypodiidae
625:
611:
610:
588:
566:
545:Polypodiidae
541:sister group
526:
506:
504:
499:
491:
485:
471:
469:
446:
443:pearl barley
438:
434:
420:
419:
414:
404:
398:
397:
390:
363:
362:the species
349:
336:, native to
331:
329:
310:
300:
292:
285:Marattiaceae
284:
283:
236:
219:Marattiaceae
218:
202:
188:
152:
120:
35:Marattiaceae
29:
5243:Marattiidae
5166:iNaturalist
5112:Wikispecies
4933:Marattiidae
4792:iNaturalist
4721:Marattiales
4715:Wikispecies
4691:Marattiales
4560:iNaturalist
4441:Wikispecies
4320:Athyriaceae
4315:Blechnaceae
4310:Onocleaceae
4305:Woodsiaceae
4244:Pteridaceae
4238:Pteridineae
4173:Cyatheaceae
4163:Cibotiaceae
4158:Metaxyaceae
4144:Cyatheineae
4134:Culcitaceae
4069:Salviniales
4054:Lygodiaceae
4011:Schizaeales
4001:Matoniaceae
3949:Osmundaceae
3944:Guaireaceae
3869:Sermayaceae
3782:Marattiales
3774:Marattiidae
3743:Psilotaceae
3616:Equisetales
3548:Equisetidae
3360:Basal clade
3319:Supergroup
3051:Cordaitales
3045:Caytoniales
2931:Lignophytes
2914:(ferns and
2840:spikemosses
2779:Rhyniopsida
2729:Aglaophyton
2608:(hornworts)
2479:Embryophyta
2462:Anydrophyta
2420:Spirotaenia
2365:Ulvophyceae
2298:Chlorophyta
2248:green algae
2218:Algospongia
2192:Glaucophyta
2144:(red algae)
1893:11336/46831
1328:Angiopteris
1320:Psilodochea
1239:Angiopteris
1179:Angiopteris
978:Angiopteris
772:Marantoidea
748:Asterotheca
691:Angiopteris
612:Marattiidae
568:Equisetidae
453:New Zealand
431:Angiopteris
411:neotropical
338:Australasia
333:Angiopteris
307:Description
301:Marattiidae
293:Marattiales
267:Danaeaceae
203:Marattiales
189:Marattiidae
18:Marattiidae
5237:Categories
4104:Cyatheales
4049:Anemiaceae
4032:Klukiaceae
3935:Osmundales
3735:Psilotales
3422:Hyeniaceae
3178:Magnoliids
3146:Gnetopsida
2916:horsetails
2844:quillworts
2836:clubmosses
2812:Lycophytes
2785:Renaliales
2562:Bryophytes
2140:Rhodophyta
2129:Rhodelphis
1805:: 909768.
1644:2013-08-11
1350:References
539:, being a
513:Neotropics
505:The genus
395:to do so.
342:Madagascar
325:sporangium
185:Subclass:
165:Division:
5103:Q12967693
5063:100352368
4885:100000980
4706:Q15708883
3416:Hyeniales
3374:Ibykaceae
3327:Bryophyta
2678:Bryopsida
2631:Bryophyta
2360:UTC clade
2109:Picomonas
2045:Amoebozoa
2023:Alveolata
2011:Cryptista
1986:Eukaryota
1780:219058070
1625:Phytotaxa
1304:Clementea
793:, etc.).
778:Danaeites
742:Psaronius
683:monotypic
537:cladogram
295:. In the
142:Kingdom:
5097:Wikidata
5058:Tropicos
4988:11907105
4948:Q6755062
4942:Wikidata
4880:Tropicos
4742:BioLib:
4700:Wikidata
4666:42000420
4661:Tropicos
4426:Wikidata
3368:Ibykales
3188:Eudicots
3183:Monocots
2901:Ibykales
2635:(mosses)
2540:Plantae
2238:Plantae
2040:Amorphea
2018:Rhizaria
2006:Hacrobia
1996:Excavata
1981:Bacteria
1952:Plantae
1878:: 6–10.
1831:36092417
1772:34618987
1697:24532607
1631:: 7–54.
1583:(2009).
1455:25065646
1410:39980610
1344:Jurassic
1324:synonyms
1279:Marattia
1269:Eupodium
1138:Marattia
1088:Eupodium
961:Marattia
887:Eupodium
723:Eupodium
718:Marattia
714:Marattia
709:Marattia
523:Taxonomy
517:synangia
455:and the
439:Eupodium
435:Marattia
415:Eupodium
409:is also
406:Eupodium
400:Marattia
247:Synonyms
238:See text
215:Family:
5158:7228682
5014:1521259
4975:8796802
4432:Q178286
3251:extinct
2100:Picozoa
2055:Animals
1976:Archaea
1851:8 March
1822:9449725
1688:3936591
1489:Bibcode
1293:Murdock
1289:Ptisana
1105:Ptisana
904:Ptisana
766:Qasimia
729:Ptisana
527:in the
496:stomata
465:rhizome
451:, from
422:Ptisana
360:Jamaica
346:Oceania
231:Genera
199:Order:
175:Class:
146:Plantae
5220:263762
5204:NZOR:
5184:846527
5171:468061
5132:223522
5076:886377
5021:NZOR:
5001:846531
4962:224786
4921:886378
4895:446608
4892:uBio:
4872:404550
4843:NZOR:
4745:192120
4735:223059
4611:NZOR:
4578:113824
3246:groups
3134:Ginkgo
2842:&
2700:
2296:
2033:Plants
1970:Domain
1829:
1819:
1778:
1770:
1695:
1685:
1579:&
1543:Danaea
1522:
1453:
1408:
1259:Danaea
1243:Hoffm.
1056:Danaea
830:Danaea
797:Genera
734:Danaea
726:, and
703:Danaea
508:Danaea
382:slaves
378:Tahiti
317:fronds
275:Campb.
269:Agardh
224:Kaulf.
193:Klinge
123:frond
5197:74352
5145:1MATC
5071:WoRMS
5050:55184
5037:24283
4983:IRMNG
4916:WoRMS
4859:93167
4823:17210
4810:10113
4805:IRMNG
4797:51829
4771:1MATO
4640:54001
4627:93165
4591:17211
4573:IRMNG
4565:51830
4526:10536
4508:FoAO2
4500:10536
4487:1MATF
4461:B8VGX
3321:Plant
2250:&
2060:Fungi
1776:S2CID
1750:Taxon
1715:Taxon
1462:(PDF)
1451:JSTOR
1435:Taxon
1431:(PDF)
1406:S2CID
1273:J.Sm.
1253:Maxon
461:Māori
425:is a
376:from
374:Bligh
358:. In
289:ferns
263:Ching
153:Clade
5192:NCBI
5179:ITIS
5153:GBIF
5140:EPPO
5127:APNI
5009:NCBI
4996:ITIS
4957:APNI
4836:3264
4831:NCBI
4818:ITIS
4779:GBIF
4766:EPPO
4758:4500
4730:APNI
4648:POWO
4604:3265
4599:NCBI
4586:ITIS
4552:1256
4547:GRIN
4539:6628
4534:GBIF
4482:EPPO
4474:4501
3308:Fern
3249:† =
2241:s.s.
1955:s.l.
1853:2023
1827:PMID
1768:PMID
1693:PMID
1520:ISBN
1318:and
706:and
677:and
437:and
356:Java
344:and
208:Link
46:PreꞒ
4970:EoL
4903:WFO
4784:394
4753:EoL
4674:WFO
4521:FoC
4495:FNA
4469:EoL
4456:CoL
2538:or
2236:or
1950:or
1888:hdl
1880:doi
1876:235
1817:PMC
1807:doi
1758:doi
1723:doi
1683:PMC
1675:doi
1671:113
1633:doi
1597:doi
1593:161
1557:doi
1553:163
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1396:doi
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543:to
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