2202:
Conservative, Reconstructionist, or modern
Orthodox, will find employment—whether as a congregational rabbi, teacher, chaplain, Hillel director, camp director, social worker or administrator—through the placement office of his or her seminary. Like any modern professional, he or she will negotiate the terms of employment with potential employers and sign a contract specifying duties, duration of service, salary, benefits, pension and the like. A rabbi's salary and benefits today tend to be similar to those of other modern professionals, such as lawyers and accountants, with similar levels of post-graduate education. It is also possible to engage in the rabbinate part-time, e.g. at a synagogue with a small membership; the rabbi's salary will be proportionate to the services rendered and he or she will likely have additional employment outside the synagogue.
2147:) has the features of a post-graduate academic degree, some study to receive ordination but then follow a different career in secular business, education or the professions. These rabbis may be asked from time to time to perform a rabbinic function on an ad hoc and voluntary basis, e.g. to perform a marriage ceremony or answer a religious question. At other times, they act as regular members of the Jewish community. No negative attitudes attach to rabbis who do not practice the profession. They are likely admired in their communities for their decision to spend years engaged in advanced Torah study for its own sake.
3456:רִבי ישמעאל. בחיריק—כך הוא בכל סידורים ישנים (כמו שקלאוו תקמ"ח, דיהרנפורט תקמ"ח, תקנ"ב, תקס"ב, זולצבאך תקנ"ג), כך הוא בהגדה של פסח על ביאור הגר"א שהדפיס רמ"מ משקלאוו בהוראדנא בשנת תקס"ה (וכן הוא בסידורי הספרדים והתימנים). והשינוי לרַבי בפתח הוא משינויי ויעתר יצחק (ספר הגהות על סידור אשכנז וסידור תפילה מאת יצחק סאטאנוב, ברלין תקמ"ד) ובעקבותיו ניקד כן גם ר' וואלף היידנהיים (ויעב"ץ ניקד רְבי בשווא והאריך בזה בלוח ארש). בגמרא מופיע בריבי מלא (מכות ה' ב' חולין פ"ד ב' קל"ז א' שבת קט"ו א' ערובין נ"ג א') וחסר (חולין י"א ב', כ"ח א') ומשמע מכך שאמרו רִבי בחיריק, וגם מפירוש רבינו חננאל (פסחים נ"ב ב' וסוכה מ"ה א') משמע כן.
2112:
rabbis serve in the
Israeli Defense Forces. The Hillel Foundation provides rabbis and Jewish services on 550 campuses while Chabad operates Jewish centers with a rabbi near 150 college campuses. Local rabbis perform other chaplaincy functions on a part-time basis in hospitals, senior homes and prisons. Worthy of mention are the rabbis who accompanied Jews to concentration camps during the Nazi era; in dire circumstances they continued to provide rabbinic services, such as ritual observance, advice and counseling, to the victims of Nazi persecution, whenever it was possible to do so.
2198:) rather than a salary, as if he were relinquishing a salary from secular employment. The size of salaries varied, depending on the size of the community served, with rabbis in large cities being well-compensated while rabbis in small towns might receive a small stipend. Rabbis were able to supplement their rabbinic incomes by engaging in associated functions and accepting fees for them, like serving as the community's scribe, notary and archivist, teaching in the elementary school or yeshivah, publishing books, arbitrating civil litigations, or even serving as a matchmaker.
3493:... Since Jesus was called "Rabbi" but did not conform to the traditional image of post-70 Jewish rabbis, and since pre-70 sages do not bear the title "Rabbi" in the Mishnah, 29 most scholars assume that the meaning and usage of the term "Rabbi" at the time of Jesus differed from the meaning which it acquired after the destruction of the Temple: in pre-70 times, "Rabbi" was used as an unofficial honorary address for any person held in high esteem; after 70 it was almost exclusively applied to ordained teachers of the Law."
2161:(1st cent. CE), had said "never to use the Torah as a spade for digging," and this was understood to mean never to use one's Torah knowledge for an inappropriate purpose, such as earning a fee. Still, as honored members of the community, Torah sages were allowed a series of privileges and exemptions that alleviated their financial burdens somewhat. These included such things as tax exemption from communal levies, marketplace priority (first in, first out regarding their trade), receiving personal services from their students (
1588:. According to some, the title "rabbi" or "rabban" was first used after 70 CE to refer to Yochanan ben Zakkai and his students, and references in rabbinic texts and the New Testament to rabbis earlier in the 1st century are anachronisms or retroactive honorifics. Other scholars believe that the term "rabbi" was a well-known informal title by the beginning of the first century CE, and thus that the Jewish and Christian references to rabbis reflect the titles in fact used in this period.
2258:(priests) are required to honor rabbis and Torah scholars like the general public. However, if one is more learned than the rabbi or the scholar there is no need to stand. The spouse of a Torah scholar must also be shown deference. It is also a commandment for teachers and rabbis to honor their students. Rabbis and Torah scholars, in order to ensure discipline within the Jewish community, have the authority to place individuals who insult them under a ban of excommunication.
2101:
2075:. This may happen when one member of a couple wishing to marry is seeking conversion or on other occasions when intermarriage is not involved. Based on the rabbi's training and assessment of the person's motivations and goals, the rabbi's approach may range from discouragement of the potential convert to mentoring and directing to a conversion class, in accordance with the policy on conversion of the rabbi's movement. One or three rabbis will serve on the
3526:
editors who wanted to create the impression that the "rabbinic movement" began with R. Yochanan b. Zakkai and that the
Yavnean "academy" was something new, a notion that is sometimes already implicitly or explicitly suggested by some of the traditions available to them. This notion is not diminished by the occasional claim to continuity with the past which was limited to individual teachers and institutions and served to legitimize rabbinic authority.
1966:
had no special training in counseling, relying instead on their personal qualities of empathy and caring. These factors continue to inform rabbinic advising in the modern era. However modern rabbinical seminaries have instituted courses in psychology and pastoral counseling as part of the required rabbinic curriculum and they offer internships in counseling and social services for their rabbinical students. Among
Hasidic Jews, turning to the
1843:), and teaching the public have always been the primary functions of the rabbinate. Studying the Torah is a rabbi's lifelong undertaking that does not end with receiving ordination. A rabbi is expected to set aside time daily for study. A rabbi that does not constantly replenish his or her store of Torah learning will lack the knowledge, inspiration and mastery of Jewish law and traditions required to perform all other rabbinic functions.
6616:
168:
162:
43:
6630:
1177:
2191:(1135–1204), who supported himself as a physician, reasserted the traditional view of offering rabbinic service to the Jewish community without compensation. It remains the ideal. But circumstances had changed. Jewish communities required full-time rabbis, and the rabbis themselves preferred to spend their days studying and teaching Torah rather than working at a secular trade.
2130:
following these disputations local rulers at the Church's behest consigned cartloads of precious Hebrew manuscripts to the flames. Today rabbis are involved in countering the activities of missionaries aimed at converting Jews to other religions, explaining for example that one cannot be of the Jewish faith while believing in either the
Christian God or the Christian messiah.
1816:
1621:, yet rather than being referred to as rabbis they were called priests or scribes, like Ezra, who is called in the Bible "Ezra, the priest, the scribe, a scribe of the words of God's commandments and of His statutes unto Israel." "Rabbi" as a title does not appear in the Hebrew Bible, though later rabbinic sources occasionally use it as a title for wise Biblical figures.
2423:
2183:–1050 CE), opinions on compensation shifted. It was deemed inappropriate for the leaders of the Jewish community to appear in the marketplace as laborers or vendors of merchandise, and leading a Jewish community was becoming a full-time occupation. Under these conditions, the Geonim collected taxes and donations at home and abroad to fund their schools (
174:
3761:, p. 247, quote: "In the 1980s, rabbis and congregants replaced the "scholar-rabbi" with the "pastor-rabbi." With greater frequency, rabbinic search committees asked Orthodox seminaries to supply them with candidates who possessed excellent pastoral skills and deemphasized the importance of intellectual attainment."
2881:, Talmud, etc., ritual observance according to Conservative halakha, and the completion of an undergraduate university degree. In accordance with national collegiate accreditation requirements, Conservative rabbinical students earn a Master of Arts in Rabbinic Literature in addition to receiving ordination. See
2228:
The rabbi derives authority from achievements within a meritocratic system. Rabbis' authority is neither nominal nor spiritual—it is based on credentials. Typically the rabbi receives an institutional stamp of approval. It is this authority that allows them to engage in the halakhic process and make
2216:
The practical basis for rabbinic authority involves the acceptance of the rabbinic individual and their scholarly credentials. In practical terms, Jewish communities and individuals commonly proffer allegiance to the authority of the rabbi they have chosen. Such a rabbinic leader is sometimes called
2092:
The modern synagogue is a non-profit religious corporation run by a Board of
Directors elected by the members. However, on a day-to-day basis, board members are not present. In most synagogues, it is the rabbi's task to administer the synagogue, supervise personnel, manage the physical plant, review
1965:
In addition to answering questions about Jewish law and rituals, a congregational rabbi may often be consulted for advice on personal matters. Much of a modern rabbi's time is devoted to pastoral work, including visiting the sick and officiating at life cycle occasions. In the pre-modern era, rabbis
1923:
for their members. Today most congregational rabbis are members of a national rabbinic organization related to their movement and also an association of local rabbis in their city. When these bodies debate local and national questions, they function in a manner that is similar to the rabbinic synods
1901:
During the centuries of Jewish self-government, some problems were considered regional or universal and could not be solved by a single rabbi acting alone. At these times rabbinical synods were convened for concerted action, calling together the prominent rabbis of the region to debate solutions and
2996:
As a general rule within
Orthodoxy and among some in the Conservative movement, rabbis are reluctant to accept the authority of other rabbis whose Halakhic standards are not as strict as their own. In some cases, this leads to an outright rejection of even the legitimacy of other rabbis; in others,
2201:
With the formation of rabbinical seminaries starting in the nineteenth century, the rabbinate experienced a degree of professionalization that is still underway. At the present time, an ordained graduate of a rabbinical seminary that is affiliated with one of the modern branches of
Judaism, Reform,
2060:
Some rabbis program and guide activities designed to reach Jews who are unaffiliated with
Judaism or lapsed in their observances. These include "Beginners' Services" where the Jewish liturgy is shortened and explained, and Shabbatons, where unaffiliated Jews are hosted by an observant family during
2037:
The rabbi serves as a role model for the congregation by his or her conduct and deportment. Congregation members are keen observers of their rabbi's personality traits, family life, professional conduct, leisure activities and in general the way he or she treats others. Rabbis are aware of this and
2014:
The synagogue has been a place where charity is collected every weekday after services and then distributed to the needy before
Sabbaths and holidays. However, most synagogues now suggest that congregants support the synagogue via an annual dues payment, usually collected on a monthly basis. It was
2000:
Jewish law does not require the presence of a rabbi at a marriage, bar or bat mitzvah, circumcision, funeral, house of mourning, or unveiling of a monument at a cemetery. At the same time, Jewish law has prescribed requirements for each of these events and rituals. It therefore became customary for
1894:
After emancipation, Jews, as citizens of their countries, turned to civil courts for dispute resolution. Today rabbinical courts remain active under the auspices of each Jewish denomination for religious matters, such as conversion and divorce, and even, on a voluntary basis, for civil matters when
2348:(rabbinic ordination) after the completion of a learning program in a yeshiva or modern rabbinical seminary or under the guidance of an individual rabbi. The exact course of study varies by denomination, but most are in the range of 3–6 years. The programs all include study of Talmud, the codes of
2949:
More recently established are several non-traditional, and nondenominational (also called "transdenominational" or "postdenominational") seminaries. These grant semicha with lesser requirements re time, and with a modified curriculum, generally focusing on leadership and pastoral roles. These are
2896:
rabbinic studies are mandated in pastoral care, the historical development of Judaism, academic biblical criticism, in addition to the study of traditional rabbinic texts. Rabbinical students also are required to gain practical rabbinic experience by working at a congregation as a rabbinic intern
2111:
Rabbis go into the field wherever members of the Jewish community may be found. This is most noticeable in the military services and on university campuses where some rabbis serve as Jewish chaplains on a full-time basis. All branches of the U. S. military have Jewish chaplains in their ranks and
2118:
As leaders of the Jewish community, many rabbis devote a portion of their time to activities in the public arena, especially where Jewish interests are at stake. They dialogue with public officials and community groups, interact with school boards, advocate for and against legislation, engage in
3525:
We suggest that the avoidance of the title "Rabbi" for pre-70 sages may have originated with the editors of the Mishnah. The editors attributed the title to some sages and not to others. The avoidance of the title for pre-70 sages may perhaps be seen as a deliberate program on the part of these
2356:
to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the branch of Judaism. In addition to rabbinical literature, modern seminaries offer courses in pastoral subjects such as counseling, education, comparative religion and delivering sermons. Most rabbinical students will complete their studies in their
2136:
Some rabbis engage in interfaith dialogues with clergy of other faiths. They may host student groups from the religious schools of other faiths and participate in interfaith services. They will view these activities as a means of deepening understanding and reducing misconceptions in a diverse
1993:
In modern synagogues, the rabbi takes a more active role in leading prayer services. In some synagogues, it is permitted for the rabbi to select passages from the prayer book for public reading, to omit some passages for brevity and to add special prayers to the service. The rabbi may lead the
2156:
In antiquity those who performed rabbinic functions, such as judging a case or teaching Torah to students, did not receive compensation for their services. Being a rabbi was not a full-time profession and those who served had other occupations to support themselves and their families, such as
2129:
between rabbis and priests that were intended to "disprove" the Jewish faith and condemn its religious texts, including the Talmud. The rabbis acquitted themselves well in debate with their superior understanding of Jewish texts and mass conversions to Christianity did not take place. However
2978:
Historically and until the present, recognition of a rabbi relates to a community's perception of the rabbi's competence to interpret Jewish law and act as a teacher on central matters within Judaism. More broadly speaking, it is also an issue of being a worthy successor to a sacred legacy.
2085:
In periods when match-making was common, rabbis participated. Rabbis were well-acquainted with their community members and in particular with the young unmarried men attending their yeshivas. Parents did not hesitate to consult the rabbi for suitable matches. Today in Orthodox circles where
2119:
public debates, write newspaper columns, appear in the media and march in parades and demonstrations with others to show support for causes. The extent and tenor of these activities is dictated by the rabbi's own conscience and social and political leanings as informed by Jewish values.
1908:) for their communities. The regulations involved matters as diverse as dowries and matrimonial law, relations with gentiles, utilizing civil courts, education of orphans, anti-counterfeiting measures, and the hiring of schoolteachers. The most famous of these ordinances is ascribed to
1680:
summarized the relationship between these titles as follows: "Rabbi is greater than Rav, Rabban is greater than Rabbi, one's name is greater than Rabban". However, some modern scholars argue that "Rabbi" and "Rav" are the same title, pronounced differently due to variations in dialect.
2001:
rabbis to be present and to lead the community in celebration and in mourning. In the modern era, it is virtually obligatory to have the rabbi's participation at these events, and ministering to the congregation in these settings has become a major aspect of the modern rabbinate.
1797:, pastoral counseling, representing the community to the outside, all increased in importance. Non-Orthodox rabbis, on a day-to-day business basis, now spend more time on these functions than they do teaching or answering questions on Jewish law and philosophy. Within the Modern
1862:, the rabbi will give a short daily class to those who attend morning or evening services. The sermon is another form of public education, often integrating Biblical passages with a contemporary ethical message, and no Jewish meal or celebration is complete without the rabbi's "
2629:
without the goal of becoming rabbis or holding any official positions. The curriculum for obtaining ordination as rabbis for Haredi scholars is the same as described above for all Orthodox students wishing to obtain the official title of "Rabbi" and to be recognized as such.
3023:
These debates cause great problems for recognition of Jewish marriages, conversions, and other life decisions that are touched by Jewish law. Orthodox rabbis do not recognize conversions by non-Orthodox rabbis. Conservative rabbis recognise all conversions done according to
1990:). If the rabbi was present, he or she would be seated in front near the Ark, and as a matter of respect the pace at which the rabbi recited his or her prayers may set the pace of the service. If halakhic questions arose about the prayer service, the rabbi would answer them.
2583:, and breadth, in Talmud before commencing their rabbinic studies. At the same time, since rabbinical studies typically flow from other yeshiva studies, those who seek semichah are typically not required to have completed a university education. Exceptions exist, such as
2030:
Today Jewish federations and foundations collect and distribute most charity within the Jewish community. However the rabbi retains the task of teaching the value of charity and often participates personally in appeals for the synagogue and for national and international
3014:
Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis, on the premise that all the main movements are legitimate expressions of Judaism, will accept the legitimacy of other rabbis' leadership, though will not accept their views on Jewish law, since Reform and Reconstructionists reject
2380:("He may judge, he may judge" or "May he judge? He may judge."). This enables the recipient to serve as a judge on a rabbinical court and adjudicate cases of monetary law, among other responsibilities. The recipient of this ordination can be formally addressed as a
1883:) to the Jewish community itself. If a dispute, domestic or commercial, a tort or a petty crime, involved only Jewish residents, then it could be settled in the town's Jewish court according to Jewish law. The town rabbi, with his extensive knowledge of Torah law (
3010:
Conservative rabbis accept the legitimacy of Orthodox rabbis, though they are often critical of Orthodox positions. Although they would rarely look to Reform or Reconstructionist rabbis for Halakhic decisions, they accept the legitimacy of these rabbis' religious
1754:, Ashkenazi communities typically made religious decisions by consensus of scholars on a council, rather than the decision of a single authority. In the 14th century, the concept arose of a single person who served as religious authority for particular area (the
2137:
society. Other rabbis, especially those affiliated with Orthodox Judaism, will generally not participate in interfaith dialogues about theology. They will however engage in discussions with the clergy of other faiths about matters of mutual social concern.
1295:(70–640 CE) eras, when learned teachers assembled to codify Judaism's written and oral laws. The title "rabbi" was first used in the first century CE. In more recent centuries, the duties of a rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the
1930:
The Jewish community requires a number of religious institutions for daily life, and it falls to rabbis, with their knowledge of Jewish law, to supervise them to ensure they operate in accordance with Jewish law. Examples would be Jewish slaughter
1734:(used in Babylonia). By the 11th century, as the geonate weakened it was common for Jewish communities to elect a local spiritual authority. In the 11th–12th century, some local rabbinic authorities in Spain received formal certification known as
3398:
2004 p. 273 "RAB... is also well attested in Phoenician.9 Here too rab functions as a title; its specific meaning can be determined only by its relationship to other offices and functions.10 Aramaic in all its dialects makes copious use of this
3652:
6:3 – "One who learns from their companion a single chapter, a single halakha, a single verse, a single Torah statement, or even a single letter, must treat them with honor. For so we find with David King of Israel, who learned nothing from
3419:
Volume 13, p. 298 G. Johannes Botterweck, Helmer Ringgren, Heinz-Josef Fabry – 2004 "There is no evidence to support an association, commonly cited in discussions of this usage.160 with the use of the title "Rabbi" ... Already suggested by
1994:
congregation in responsive reading, announce page numbers and comment on the liturgy from time to time. At Sabbath and holiday services, the congregational rabbi may deliver a sermon either right before or right after the Torah is read.
3006:
rabbis are respectful toward non-Orthodox rabbis and focus on commonalities even as they disagree on interpretation of some areas of Halakha (with Conservative rabbis) or the authority of Halakha (with Reform and Reconstructionist
2697:), do not have an official "semichah/rabbinical program" to train rabbis, but provide semichah on an "as needed" basis if and when one of their senior students is offered a rabbinical position but only with the approval of their
2093:(if not write) the newsletter, and interact with the brotherhood, the sisterhood and the youth organizations. Very large synagogues may employ a separate administrator or assistant rabbi to perform some or all of these functions.
1782:. Tasks that were once the primary focus for rabbis, such as settling disputes by presiding over a Jewish court, became less prominent, while other tasks that were secondary, like delivering sermons, increased in importance.
4794:, June 4, 1972. Retrieved September 17, 2009. "Sally HJ. Priesand was ordained at the Isaac M. Wise Temple here today, becoming the first woman rabbi in this country and it is believed, the second in the history of Judaism."
2633:
Within the Hasidic world, the positions of spiritual leadership are dynastically transmitted within established families, usually from fathers to sons, while a small number of students obtain official ordination to become
4687:
2041:
This aspect of the rabbinate, setting an example for the public, has a direct application in Jewish law. The way the greatest rabbis and Torah scholars conducted themselves can become a precedent in Jewish law, known as
2254:) to honor a rabbi and a Torah scholar, along with the elderly, as it is written in Leviticus 19:32, "Rise up before the elderly, and honor the aged." One should stand in their presence and address them with respect.
4219:"Rabbi Plays Cupid in Bid to Keep Faith Among Jews : Matchmaking: His concern that many are marrying non-Jews prompts him to establish dating service so that singles may find others of same religious persuasion"
2357:
mid-20s. There is no hierarchy and no central authority in Judaism that either supervises rabbinic education or records ordinations; each branch of Judaism regulates the ordination of the rabbis affiliated with it.
3001:
The Orthodox rabbinical establishment rejects the validity of Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis on the grounds that their movements' teachings are in violation of traditional Jewish tenets. Some
2877:, non-profit management, and navigating the modern world in a Jewish context. Entrance requirements to Conservative rabbinical study centers include a background within Jewish law and liturgy, familiarity with
1746:
ruled that every congregation is obliged to appoint a preacher and scholar to admonish the community and teach Torah, and the social institution he describes is the germ of the modern congregational rabbinate.
2240:, who plays a similar role but is thought to have a special connection to God. The Rebbes' authority, then, is based on a spiritual connection to God and so they are venerated in a different way from rabbis.
1628:, the end of the Jewish monarchy, and the decline of the dual institutions of prophets and the priesthood, the focus of scholarly and spiritual leadership within the Jewish people shifted to the sages of the
1873:, dealing with all aspects of the Jewish tradition—Bible commentaries, codes of law, responsa, mystical and ethical tracts, and collections of sermons are examples of common genres of rabbinic literature.
1636:). This assembly was composed of the earliest group of "rabbis" in the more modern sense of the word, in large part because they began the formulation and explication of what became known as Judaism's "
2594:", and later with titles including "Rabbah" and "Rabbi". This is currently a contested issue for many Orthodox institutions, leading some to seek alternate clerical titles and roles for women (see
1978:
Traditionally rabbis did not lead prayer services in the modern sense. There is no requirement that a rabbi be present for public prayer. The Jewish liturgy is fixed and printed in prayer books (
2837:
confers semikhah after the completion of a program in the codes of Jewish law and responsa in keeping with Jewish tradition. In addition to knowledge and mastery of the study of Talmud and
2993:
The divisions between Jewish denominations may have their most pronounced manifestation on whether rabbis from one denomination recognize the legitimacy or authority of rabbis in another.
2019:) is a core Jewish value. The rabbi did this by preaching, teaching and by example—hosting poor out of town yeshiva students at the home table and offering Jewish travelers a kosher meal.
3454:, p. 18 (on "Ribbi Yishmael Omer" before Pesukei deZimra). Text with acronyms expanded according to its glossary (parentheses in original, square brackets added based on the glossary):
1770:) became necessary in order to be recognized as a rabbi. Initially some Sephardic communities objected to such formal ordination, but over time the system became adopted by them too.
3169:
These include the Central Council of American Rabbis for Reform rabbis, the Rabbinical Council of America for Orthodox rabbis, and the Rabbinical Assembly for Conservative rabbis.
4683:
3071:
With few rare exceptions, Jewish women have historically been excluded from serving as rabbis. This changed in the 1970s; coinciding with the shift in American society involving
1520:(the religious leaders of the early first century) had no rabbinic title prefixed to their names. The titles "Rabban" and "Rabbi" are first mentioned in Jewish literature in the
2015:
not the rabbi who collected these sums; that task was assigned to the sexton, wardens of charity and charitable associations. But it was the rabbi's task to teach that charity (
2329:(12th century), if it were possible to gather the greatest sages of the generation, a reconstituted court could confer classic semikhah or ordination. Since then, a number of
2368:("He may teach, he may teach", sometimes rendered as a question and answer, "May he teach? He may teach."). Most Rabbis hold this qualification; they are sometimes called a
1700:, like the Babylonian sages. The transmission of learning from master to disciple remained of tremendous importance, but there was no formal rabbinic qualification as such.
4096:
1846:
Once acquired, Torah knowledge must be passed on, because it is the heritage of all Israel. Teaching by rabbis occurs in many venues—the schoolroom of course, elementary (
3076:
2165:), silent business partnerships with wealthy merchants, and a substitute fee to replace their lost earnings when they had to leave work to perform a rabbinic function (
6120:
2341:
Since the end of classical ordination, other forms of ordination have developed which use much of the same terminology, but have a lesser significance in Jewish law.
6510:
4602:
2194:
By the fifteenth century it was the norm for Jewish communities to compensate their rabbis, although the rabbi's contract might well refer to a "suspension fee" (
2086:
socializing among the sexes is not common, this practice continues, and in all branches of Judaism, a rabbi who can help in this arena will not hesitate to do so.
1959:(supervisor of ritual law), and some of these functions are now performed by national organizations, such as the Orthodox Union which offers kosher certification.
1955:). Traditionally this function fell to the town's rabbi. In the modern era, rabbis who specialize in this type of supervision will find full-time employment as a
4047:
5193:
1708:
In the early Middle Ages "rabbi" was not a formal title, but was used as a term of respect for Jews of great scholarship and reputation. After the emergence of
2232:
The same pattern is true within broader communities, ranging from Hasidic communities to rabbinical or congregational organizations: there will be a formal or
2079:
that performs a conversion. There are no rabbis serving as "Jewish missionaries" per se; there is no parallel in Judaism to the proselytizing of other faiths.
1314:, there are different requirements for rabbinic ordination and differences in opinion regarding who is recognized as a rabbi. For example, only a minority of
4385:
4122:
1895:
the parties voluntarily elect to have the rabbinical judges serve as their arbitrators. In Israel there are rabbinical courts for matters of personal status.
1891:), although lay assessors might join him in judgment. The judgments were enforced with fines and various degrees of communal excommunication when necessary.
1785:
In 19th-century Germany and the United States, the duties of the rabbi in some respects became increasingly similar to the duties of other clergy, like the
1712:, Jews who still followed the Talmudic traditions became known as "rabbanites". Initially communities might have a religious judge appointed by the central
6666:
6470:
4958:
4349:
1801:
community, many rabbis still mainly deal with teaching and questions of Jewish law, but many are increasingly dealing with these same pastoral functions.
4988:
4407:
4226:
2587:, which requires all rabbinical students to complete an undergraduate degree before entering the program, and a Masters or equivalent before ordination.
2567:
The entrance requirements for an Orthodox yeshiva include a strong background within Jewish law, liturgy, Talmudic study, and attendant languages (e.g.,
2236:
structure of rabbinic authority that is responsible for the members of the community. However, Hasidic communities do not have a mere rabbi: they have a
4292:
2997:
the more lenient rabbi may be recognized as a spiritual leader of a particular community but may not be accepted as a credible authority on Jewish law.
2922:
There are several possibilities for receiving rabbinic ordination in addition to seminaries maintained by the large Jewish denominations; these are the
4078:
3313:
2143:
There is a segment of the rabbinate that does not engage in rabbinic functions on a daily basis, except perhaps to study. Because rabbinic ordination (
1912:, and was probably enacted in a rabbinic synod he convened c. 1000 CE. The ordinance, still in effect today, prohibits polygamy among Jews in the West.
4190:
5017:
2927:
2590:
Historically, women could not become Orthodox rabbis. Starting in 2009, some Modern Orthodox institutions began ordaining women with the title of "
6516:
3698:"'Rabbi is Greater than Rav, Rabban is Greater than Rabbi, the Simple Name is Greater than Rabban' / 'גדול מרב רבי, גדול מרבי רבן, גדול מרבן שמו'"
2330:
4785:
2333:
have been made. So far, no such attempt has been accepted as valid among the consensus of rabbis, or persisted for longer than about a century.
5616:
5070:
3892:
2923:
2666:
2105:
1839:) whereby knowledge of the Torah has been passed down through the generations. Learning from their teachers, adding new insights of their own (
6661:
5611:
4895:
3839:
3633:
3514:
693:
4156:
3746:
2023:
formulated a ladder consisting of eight degrees of charity, starting with reluctant giving and ending with teaching someone a trade. Rabbi
1828:
Rabbis serve the Jewish community. Hence their functions vary as the needs of the Jewish community vary over time and from place to place.
1051:
4327:
3032:, under certain circumstances, as a valid claim towards Judaism, whereas Conservative and Orthodox maintain the position expressed in the
4642:
Friedman, M. (2004). Halachic rabbinic authority in the modern open society. Jewish Religious Leadership, Image, and Reality, 2, 757–770.
2982:
As a result, there have always been greater or lesser disputes about the legitimacy and authority of rabbis. Historical examples include
2027:(1809–1883) was once asked, "How do you provide for your spiritual needs?" He answered, "By providing for someone else's physical needs."
5631:
5626:
5050:
3870:
3520:
1096:
2772:("the righteous/saintly"), "ADMOR" ("Adoneinu Moreinu VeRabeinu") ("our master, our teacher and our rabbi/master") or often just plain
6443:
5320:
2951:
2970:
is aimed at community professionals with significant knowledge and experience, and provides a tailored curriculum to each candidate.
5471:
5325:
4443:
2955:
1207:
126:
5380:
5288:
4092:
6545:
2065:
sends many rabbis and their wives to be posted in Chabad Houses worldwide for the express purpose of reaching unaffiliated Jews.
5739:
4248:
3053:
2959:
2595:
2071:
Most rabbis will from time to time encounter someone who is not Jewish seeking information about Judaism or wishing to explore
1673:
3330:
5421:
4981:
3232:
2445:
64:
1766:(our teacher) to scholars, though it likely existed somewhat earlier. By the 15th century, this formal ordination (known as
1416:
means "great" in many senses, including "revered", but appears primarily as a prefix in construct forms. Although the usage
2621:
do grant official ordination to many students wishing to become rabbis, most of the students within the yeshivas engage in
6522:
5843:
3079:
began ordaining women as rabbis. Today, Jewish women serve as rabbis within all progressive branches of Judaism, while in
2306:, ordination was transmitted without interruption from Moses to Joshua, to the elders, to the prophets, to the men of the
6585:
1069:
6453:
6448:
5636:
5621:
5385:
5340:
5085:
4598:
2125:
Rabbis are often called upon to defend the Jewish faith. During the Middle Ages, the Church arranged a series of public
2038:
in the best case deliberately model their conduct so that it represents Jewish values to the community and to outsiders.
1812:. Unlike spiritual leaders in many other faiths, they are not considered to be imbued with special powers or abilities.
6550:
6535:
5416:
5276:
4039:
1592:
494:
4367:
3286:
1664:
The traditional explanation is that from the 1st to 5th centuries, the title "Rabbi" was given to those sages of the
107:
6504:
6398:
6049:
5943:
5651:
5584:
5145:
5035:
4118:
3124:
2963:
2917:
2906:
2882:
2682:
2463:
2273:
280:
184:
4381:
1919:
in the State of Israel, and the major Jewish movements, such as Reform, Conservative and Reconstructionist, enact
79:
53:
6620:
6560:
6458:
6438:
6308:
6233:
6093:
5960:
5646:
5606:
4974:
4684:"YUTorah Online – The Obligation to Respect the Wife of a Torah Scholar or a Talmidat Chacham (Rabbi Hanan Balk)"
3109:
1600:
1331:
300:
243:
3984:
3954:
2865:, the historical development of Judaism from antiquity to modernity, Jewish ethics, the halakhic methodology of
6540:
6371:
5670:
5545:
4341:
3059:
1161:
1059:
782:
4284:
86:
6493:
6482:
6076:
5997:
5702:
5601:
5540:
5520:
5426:
5399:
4186:
4070:
3310:
3003:
2967:
2535:
1805:
1553:
310:
210:
3932:
3083:
women rabbis is a contested matter, though many communities allow alternate clerical roles for women (see:
6529:
6499:
5562:
4925:
Inheriting the Crown in Jewish Law: The Struggle for Rabbinic Compensation, Tenure and Inheritance Rights,
4422:
Inheriting the Crown in Jewish Law: The Struggle for Rabbinic Compensation, Tenure and Inheritance Rights,
2635:
1759:
1263:
1151:
787:
60:
31:
4664:
See Talmud Kidushin daf 30–40, Bava Metziah 33a, Rambam's Mishneh Torah tractate Hilkhot Talmud Torah 5:7
6555:
6476:
6258:
5965:
5848:
5589:
5579:
5572:
5557:
5443:
4886:
4218:
3624:
3041:
2987:
2866:
2072:
1858:), but also, especially in antiquity, in the vineyard, the marketplace and the disciple circle. In many
1200:
1156:
1074:
3668:
1879:
Prior to emancipation, rulers delegated discipline and dispute settlement within the Jewish community (
1428:, there is no evidence to support an association of this use with the later title "rabbi". The root is
93:
3270:
Paving the Road to Women Rabbis. Gender and Religious Leadership: Women Rabbis, Pastors, and Ministers
2681:
and mostly serve as rabbis who teach in other yeshivas or Hebrew day schools. Other yeshivas, such as
1869:
Apart from face to face instruction, rabbis who are inclined to authorship have composed an extensive
1692:
in 425, there was no more formal ordination in the strict sense. A recognised scholar could be called
6590:
6580:
6083:
5055:
3072:
2834:
2670:
1323:
1311:
1131:
1064:
219:
4270:
3884:
2221:). Jewish individuals may acknowledge the authority of others but will defer legal decisions to the
2187:) and paid salaries to teachers, officials and judges of the Jewish community, whom they appointed.
1440:, meaning "lord" (generally used when talking about God, but also about temporal lords), and to the
6238:
6206:
6132:
6041:
5987:
5594:
5394:
5128:
5093:
4913:
4014:
2878:
2557:
2157:
woodchopper, sandal-maker, carpenter, water-carrier, farmer and tanner. A respected scholar, Rabbi
2050:
ruled that one engaged in public affairs should not break off his duties to recite certain prayers.
1870:
1779:
1685:
1625:
1307:, pastoral counseling, and representing the community to the outside, all increased in importance.
1086:
777:
550:
386:
3831:
2430:, a leading Rabbinical authority for Orthodox Judaism of the second half of the twentieth century.
1342:
reasons (Conservative Judaism) as well as ethical reasons (Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism).
75:
6570:
6565:
6376:
6098:
5975:
5970:
5955:
5925:
5878:
5801:
5707:
5567:
5140:
5045:
5012:
4790:
4625:
4164:
3709:
3562:
2850:
2584:
2543:
2211:
2061:
Sabbath to experience the day in a religious setting and to learn about its rituals and customs.
1557:
1537:
1533:
1146:
476:
290:
253:
145:
5853:
5729:
2100:
4319:
3250:
Israel-Cohen, Y. (2012). "Chapter Five: Orthodox Women Rabbis? It's Only a Matter of Time". In
2897:
during each year of study from year one onwards. All Reform seminaries ordain women and openly
2813:) is the official "title" used for, or by, the wife of any Orthodox, Haredi, or Hasidic rabbi.
6354:
6285:
6167:
6152:
5935:
5806:
5771:
5060:
4891:
4877:
4401:
3629:
3615:
3510:
3408:
3395:
3226:
2749:
2553:
2531:
1565:
569:
364:
272:
3504:
2724:
6420:
6388:
6349:
6320:
6303:
6253:
6054:
5863:
5796:
5749:
5697:
5665:
5656:
5641:
5515:
5490:
5466:
5350:
5281:
5198:
5065:
4027:
3862:
3554:
3482:
3080:
3066:
2658:
and the majority of students will not become rabbis, even after many years of post-graduate
2576:
2572:
2499:
1909:
1798:
1653:
1596:
1425:
1413:
1315:
1227:
1193:
855:
754:
490:
451:
436:
192:
167:
4263:"Hillel International – The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life at Colleges and Universities"
6656:
6330:
6325:
6137:
6064:
5897:
5868:
5791:
5781:
5744:
5719:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5510:
5505:
5495:
5480:
5271:
5188:
5155:
5113:
5103:
4937:
4844:
3317:
3084:
2939:
2869:, classical and modern works of Jewish theology and philosophy, synagogue administration,
2862:
2806:
2705:
2694:
2614:
2603:
2599:
2568:
2427:
2322:
was probably lost in the 4th or 5th century, though possibly as late as the 12th century.
2062:
2024:
1809:
1441:
1433:
1354:
1351:
1251:
1091:
999:
893:
446:
238:
203:
4435:
2384:("judge") and also retain the title of rabbi. Only a small percentage of rabbis earn the
1303:
rabbis", and in 19th-century Germany and the United States rabbinic activities including
6031:
6634:
6609:
6430:
6337:
6295:
6275:
6263:
6243:
6157:
6147:
6115:
6108:
6088:
6059:
6026:
5992:
5902:
5826:
5816:
5754:
5552:
5500:
5411:
5406:
5168:
5163:
5098:
5027:
3779:
3425:
3421:
3391:
3149:
3119:
3037:
3029:
2935:
2931:
2893:
2796:
2754:
2744:
2690:
2610:
2556:
and their application to contemporary questions, proceeding systematically through the
2509:
2505:
2307:
1665:
1629:
1573:
1569:
1485:
1424:) "the majority, the multitude" occurs for the assembly of the community in the
1335:
1327:
1181:
955:
750:
639:
545:
441:
317:
305:
248:
231:
198:
4805:
2782:
that can be used by, or applied to, any married Jewish male as the situation applies.
6650:
6403:
6248:
6175:
5982:
5916:
5889:
5838:
5786:
5759:
5734:
5724:
5485:
5431:
5365:
5345:
5335:
5330:
5303:
5249:
5178:
5123:
4952:
4772:
4143:
3144:
2870:
2810:
2774:
2467:
1689:
1603:, the Jewish prophets, the legal authority of the high court of Jerusalem, the Great
1577:
1461:
1007:
922:
431:
331:
295:
161:
4786:"1st Woman Rabbi in U.S. Ordained; She May Be Only the Second in History of Judaism"
4240:
2650:), as well as teachers in the Hasidic schools. The same is true for the non-Hasidic
6383:
6180:
6142:
6103:
5692:
5436:
5375:
5355:
5315:
5298:
5266:
5254:
5215:
5133:
5108:
4881:
3852:"Rabbinical Courts: Modern Day Solomons," 6 Colum J.L. & Soc. Probs. 49 (1970).
3619:
3579:
3087:). A variety of modern titles have been coined for female rabbis, including Rabbah
2738:
2655:
2422:
1677:
1497:
1406:
1319:
1141:
1136:
1081:
960:
865:
825:
772:
726:
530:
339:
100:
2946:. The structure and curricula here are largely as at other non-Orthodox yeshivot.
2470:, comprising two years on average, following at least four years' yeshiva study.
6393:
5908:
5833:
5811:
5714:
5308:
5237:
5232:
5220:
5210:
3649:
3473:
by Wigram, George V.; citing Matthew 26:25, Mark 9:5 and John 3:2 (among others)
3207:
2622:
2455:
2303:
2126:
1751:
1549:
767:
224:
173:
42:
17:
4862:(Parma A RH 2:12) "my master" but this term is extremely rare in ancient texts.
4653:
Jews, Christians, Muslims: A Comparative Introduction to Monotheistic Religions
3539:
3438:
6487:
6194:
5776:
5370:
5118:
5040:
4752:
4741:
4726:
3139:
2983:
2874:
2388:
ordination. Although not strictly necessary, many Orthodox rabbis hold that a
2326:
2188:
2047:
2020:
1743:
1637:
1012:
762:
555:
350:
4890:. Vol. 17 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 11–19.
4730:
3628:. Vol. 17 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 11–19.
1512:
to describe either the Babylonian sages or the sages in Israel. For example,
6408:
5873:
5764:
5675:
5293:
5227:
3654:
2787:
2674:
2491:
2448:
in keeping with longstanding tradition. Orthodox rabbis typically study at
1956:
1859:
1815:
1604:
1581:
1541:
1529:
1457:
1288:
980:
679:
525:
502:
5244:
3282:
4363:
2438:
requires the successful completion of a program encompassing Jewish law ("
6127:
6069:
6014:
6009:
5680:
3657:
except two things, yet called him his teacher , his guide, his intimate."
3194:
2943:
2858:
2845:
also requires that its rabbinical students receive intensive training in
2838:
2801:
2686:
2639:
2548:
2487:
2407:
2390:
2353:
2267:
2144:
1904:
1808:
and humans. This idea was traditionally considered outside the bounds of
1513:
1037:
1022:
985:
975:
970:
835:
721:
674:
660:
517:
466:
285:
258:
4629:
3730:
3713:
3697:
3358:
2494:(early and late medieval commentators), leading to their application in
6342:
6226:
6221:
6211:
6199:
6019:
6004:
5948:
5883:
5858:
5821:
5685:
5360:
5259:
5183:
5075:
5001:
3566:
3129:
3025:
3016:
2854:
2792:
2651:
2647:
2618:
2591:
2561:
2517:
2450:
2440:
2417:
2413:
2349:
2315:
2250:
1709:
1645:
1613:
1521:
1517:
1429:
1339:
1279:
1274:
1121:
1027:
945:
850:
840:
795:
655:
650:
621:
609:
577:
456:
423:
407:
402:
392:
355:
153:
3028:. Finally, the North American Reform and Reconstructionists recognize
2477:, rabbinical students work to gain knowledge in specific and relevant
6413:
6280:
6216:
3980:
3958:
3114:
3033:
2902:
2846:
2659:
2626:
2580:
2539:
2521:
2513:
2478:
2459:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2173:
1835:
Rabbis have always been the main links in the chain of transmission (
1794:
1790:
1786:
1722:
1713:
1672:), while the lesser title "Rav" was given to sages who taught in the
1649:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1283:—following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the
1126:
1017:
965:
950:
940:
935:
908:
903:
886:
860:
845:
830:
805:
800:
716:
669:
644:
626:
540:
535:
512:
471:
461:
397:
374:
369:
3558:
4966:
4651:
John Corrigan, Frederick Denny, Martin S. Jaffee, and Carlos Eire.
2512:—that pertain to daily-life questions (such as the laws of keeping
1676:, as ordination could not be performed outside the Land of Israel.
1652:
and subsequent rabbinical scholarship, leading to what is known as
6364:
6313:
6268:
6189:
6184:
5448:
5203:
5173:
3134:
2764:
2643:
2560:; other students will have studied these works independently (see
2482:
2421:
2311:
2284:
2255:
2237:
2158:
2099:
1968:
1814:
1618:
1608:
1585:
1399:
1277:. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi—known as
1032:
930:
879:
872:
736:
731:
711:
706:
616:
604:
599:
594:
587:
582:
507:
379:
345:
6463:
4997:
4364:"Jews-for-J: Messiah & Redemption Response on Ask the Rabbi"
4007:"OU Kosher: Certification and Supervision by the Orthodox Union"
3928:
3506:
The Social Structure of the Rabbinic Movement in Roman Palestine
3487:
The social structure of the rabbinic movement in Roman Palestine
2898:
2046:
For example, based on reports of what rabbis did in the Talmud,
1500:, and ancient generations did not employ related titles such as
1116:
631:
4970:
4093:"Someone else's material needs are my spiritual responsibility"
2458:
generally, and increasingly at dedicated institutions known as
3283:"Orthodox Women To Be Trained As Clergy, If Not Yet as Rabbis"
2710:
2708:
names for rabbinic titles based on older traditions, such as:
1866:"—a short explanation of Biblical verses related to the event.
1804:
Traditionally, rabbis have never been an intermediary between
1395:
1382:
36:
3731:"The Emergence of the Professional Rabbi in Ashkenaxic Jewry"
1758:). Formal ordination is first recorded among Ashkenazim with
4951:
4918:
The Israeli Chief Rabbinate: A Current Halakhic Perspective,
4616:
Kirschenbaum, Aaron (1993). "MARA DE-ATRA: A Brief Sketch".
1611:. Members of the Sanhedrin had to receive their ordination (
1560:. The title "Rabbi" occurs (in Greek transliteration ῥαββί
1242:
2504:. Building on this, is the study of those sections of the
3195:
rabbi | Definition, History, & Functions | Britannica
2654:
yeshivas that are controlled by dynastically transmitted
1236:
4006:
2596:
Women rabbis and Torah scholars § Orthodox Judaism
2579:). Specifically, students are expected to have acquired
1644:). This was eventually encoded and codified within the
1778:
A dramatic change in rabbinic functions occurred with
1338:
movements) have chosen to do so for what they view as
4262:
2932:
ALEPH Ordination Program, the Jewish Renewal Seminary
1986:) and the Torah portion is read by a trained reader (
3540:"Is the Title "Rabbi" Anachronistic in the Gospels?"
2918:
List of rabbinical schools § Non-denominational
1544:
in the first century. Early recipients of the title
1362:
1268:
1239:
1233:
6429:
6294:
6166:
6040:
5934:
5465:
5154:
5084:
5026:
4477:
4475:
3471:
Englishman's Greek Concordance of the New Testament
2677:, Maryland, may encourage their students to obtain
2004:
Jewish divorce, which requires a rabbinical court (
1556:, beginning in the time of the disciples of Rabban
1540:, all of whom were patriarchs or presidents of the
1230:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4187:"BBC – Religions – Judaism: Converting to Judaism"
2372:("a teacher of rulings"). A more advanced form of
1935:), Jewish dietary laws in shops and institutions (
3077:Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion
2360:The most common formula used on a certificate of
1887:), was expected to preside as Head of the Court (
1762:(late 14th century), who issued the formal title
1368:, meaning "Master "; the standard Hebrew noun is
4920:Tradition, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1992, pp. 26–38.
4910:Tradition, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1993, pp. 35–40.
3955:"Rabbinical Council of America (RCA) – About Us"
2732:("our teacher and our rabbi/master the rabbi"),
1617:) in an uninterrupted line of transmission from
1580:, where it is used in reference to "Scribes and
1273:) is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in
4618:Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought
3735:Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought
3390:Vol. 13 pp. 273–75 ed. G. Johannes Botterweck,
2912:Seminaries unaffiliated with main denominations
2562:Yeshiva § Ethics, mysticism and philosophy
2528:, or "apprenticeship", is often also required.
1982:), the vocal portions are chanted by a cantor (
1287:. The basic form of the rabbi developed in the
4207:Univ. of So. Carolina Press, 2006, pp. 29, 31.
3759:Modern Orthodox Judaism: A Documentary History
3669:"Understanding Honorifics in the Talmudic Era"
2883:List of rabbinical schools § Conservative
2821:and is sometimes abbreviated as such as well.
2283:The first recorded examples of ordination are
2248:According to the Talmud, it is a commandment (
1793:rabbis" appeared to describe this phenomenon.
4982:
3725:
3723:
3036:and Codes that one can be a Jew only through
2466:". In both cases, the program is effectively
1201:
8:
3264:
3262:
3260:
1716:, often possessing a certification known as
1445:
6471:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
4241:"Become a Chaplain: Serving Jews Who Serve"
3793:Rabbinic Instruction In Sasanian Babylonia,
3417:Theological dictionary of the Old Testament
3388:Theological dictionary of the Old Testament
3246:
3244:
3242:
2394:(court of Jewish law) should be made up of
1386:is also used as a title for rabbis, as are
5151:
4989:
4975:
4967:
2546:respectively, additionally formally study
2538:rabbinical students, such as those at the
2464:Talmudical/Rabbinical schools or academies
2344:Nowadays, a rabbinical student is awarded
1742:in preparation for their leadership role.
1208:
1194:
140:
4570:(Mosad HaRav Kook, 5703), pp. 46–48.
3691:
3689:
3466:
3464:
2008:), will always have rabbis in attendance.
1972:for advice on personal matters is common.
1599:were based on a system that included the
1405:The Hebrew root in turn derives from the
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
5018:Index of Jewish history-related articles
4424:Univ. of So. Carolina Press, 2006, p. 5.
3696:ברויאר, יוחנן; Breuer, Yochanan (1996).
2907:List of rabbinical schools § Reform
2748:("head the yeshiva"), "Mashgiach" (for
2508:(codified Jewish law)—together with its
1496:Rabbi is not an occupation found in the
6517:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
4836:
4352:from the original on December 15, 2016.
4273:from the original on December 31, 2016.
4017:from the original on December 28, 2016.
3842:from the original on February 20, 2017.
3523:from the original on February 8, 2018.
3187:
3162:
2331:modern attempts to revive the Sanhedrin
152:
4763:Pirkei Avot chapter 1 (especially 1:1)
4717:Maimonides, Hilchot Talmud Torah 6:12.
4708:Maimonides, Hilchot Talmud Torah 5:12.
4406:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4399:
4229:from the original on January 16, 2017.
4193:from the original on December 1, 2016.
4081:from the original on January 12, 2017.
3987:from the original on November 29, 2001
3610:
3608:
3224:
2817:may also be used as the equivalent of
2758:("teacher/decisor" the/this place"),
2736:("our teacher and our rabbi/master"),
2689:, New York) or the Mirrer Yeshiva (in
1915:In the modern era rabbis have enacted
4673:Maimonides, Hilchot Talmud Torah 5:7.
4605:from the original on January 2, 2017.
4446:from the original on January 31, 2017
4370:from the original on January 8, 2017.
4295:from the original on January 8, 2017.
4251:from the original on January 8, 2017.
4099:from the original on January 13, 2017
4050:from the original on January 13, 2017
4040:"CHARITY AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS"
3873:from the original on January 8, 2017.
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3289:from the original on December 6, 2011
3252:Between Feminism and Orthodox Judaism
3040:(born of a Jewish mother) or through
1318:communities accept the ordination of
7:
4927:Univ. of South Carolina Press, 2006.
4655:. New York: Routledge, 2012, 124–128
4388:from the original on January 9, 2017
4217:Halverson, Kim (February 16, 1992).
3935:from the original on January 8, 2017
3895:from the original on January 8, 2017
3311:Can Orthodox Jewish Women be Rabbis?
2402:Orthodox and Modern Orthodox Judaism
1464:, historically pronounced the title
1446:
1322:. Non-Orthodox movements (i.e., the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
4884:, eds. (2007). "Rabbi, Rabbinate".
4599:"Different denominations, same pay"
4330:from the original on March 6, 2015.
4205:Inheriting the Crown in Jewish Law,
4071:"Eight Levels of Charitable Giving"
3622:, eds. (2007). "Rabbi, Rabbinate".
2849:, classical biblical commentaries,
1591:The governments of the kingdoms of
1472:; this pronunciation competed with
1255:
6667:Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles
6464:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
6444:American Jewish Historical Society
4932:A Concise History of the Rabbinate
4804:Anakin, Michael (March 25, 2010).
3737:, vol. 11, no. 3, 1970, pp. 22–30.
2752:) ("spiritual supervisor/guide"),
1819:Rabbi instructing children in 2004
1607:, and the ritual authority of the
25:
4690:from the original on June 7, 2013
4125:from the original on June 5, 2016
3819:Concise History of the Rabbinate,
3206:Kurtzer, Yehuda (April 4, 2024).
6628:
6615:
6614:
3491:b – Rabbi as an Honorary Address
2704:Haredim will often prefer using
2462:; both are also referred to as "
1668:who received formal ordination (
1624:With the destruction of the two
1226:
1175:
172:
166:
160:
41:
4543:Commentary on the Mishnah, Avot
3058:For a chronological guide, see
3054:Women rabbis and Torah scholars
2974:Interdenominational recognition
2498:—particularly as traced by the
2486:, and their development in the
52:needs additional citations for
6536:Relations with other religions
4686:. Yutorah.org. June 24, 2010.
4289:Chabad on Campus International
3509:. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 64–.
2291:and the 70 elders. Similarly,
2287:transmitting his authority to
1:
6523:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
4908:Mara de-Atra: A Brief Sketch,
3285:. Forward.com. May 21, 2009.
2778:which is a shortened form of
2558:classical rabbinic works here
2552:, i.e. the major elements of
2295:transmitted his authority to
2177:
1787:Protestant Christian minister
1684:After the suppression of the
1456:Some communities, especially
1297:Protestant Christian minister
6662:Jewish religious occupations
6454:Leo Baeck Institute New York
6449:American Sephardi Federation
4346:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
4075:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
2217:the "Master of the Locale" (
1728:chaver besanhedrin hagedolah
5277:Constantinopolitan Karaites
4539:Mishnah Torah, Talmud Torah
4307:The Holocaust and Halakhah,
3547:The Jewish Quarterly Review
2924:Academy for Jewish Religion
2722:("our teacher the rabbi"),
2454:, "colleges" which provide
2414:Yeshiva § Talmud study
1951:), and the burial society (
1947:), the Sabbath boundaries (
1902:enact binding regulations (
1363:
1346:Etymology and pronunciation
1269:
27:Teacher of Torah in Judaism
6683:
6505:National Library of Israel
5146:Zionism, race and genetics
4938:Jewish Encyclopedia: Rabbi
4518:Talmud Yerushalmi, Nedarim
4309:Ktav, 1976, pp. 9–15.
3503:Hezser, Catherine (1997).
3231:: CS1 maint: url-status (
3125:List of rabbinical schools
3064:
3057:
3051:
2915:
2411:
2405:
2274:List of rabbinical schools
2271:
2265:
2209:
1943:), the elementary school (
1420:"many" (as 1 Kings 18:25,
1412: (R-B-B), which in
29:
6603:
6459:Yeshiva University Museum
6439:Center for Jewish History
5008:
4855:
4847:
3455:
3345:
3316:January 12, 2016, at the
3110:Chief Rabbinate of Israel
3096:
3092:
3088:
2418:Yeshiva § Jewish law
2172:During the period of the
2163:shimush talmedei hakhamim
1997:Celebrating life's events
1630:Men of the Great Assembly
1530:Rabban Gamaliel the elder
1488:until the modern period.
1473:
1465:
1421:
1409:
1394:("the master"). See also
1377:
1369:
1357:
1256:
5051:Ancient Israel and Judah
4843:Some also connect it to
4811:
4806:
4775:, Hilchot Sanhedrin 4:11
3538:Shanks, Hershel (1963).
3382:Heinz-Josef Fabry entry
3331:
3060:Timeline of women rabbis
2108:insignia, U.S. Air Force
2089:Synagogue administration
2053:Outreach, also known as
1350:The word comes from the
5427:North African Sephardim
5400:Jewish tribes of Arabia
4959:Encyclopædia Britannica
4854:(Kaufmann A50 RH 2:12)/
4342:"Burning of the Talmud"
4157:"Conversion to Judaism"
4011:OU Kosher Certification
3770:Mishnah, Avot, chap. 1.
3747:Meir ben Baruch Ha-Levi
3439:"What does rabbi mean?"
2730:Moreinu VeRabeinu HaRav
2665:Some yeshivas, such as
2554:theology and philosophy
2408:Semikhah § Concept
2337:Contemporary ordination
1975:Leading prayer services
1634:Anshe Knesset HaGedolah
1554:Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob
6530:Holocaust Encyclopedia
6500:Jewish Virtual Library
4962:(11th ed.). 1911.
4601:. September 17, 2003.
4440:JewishEncyclopedia.com
4366:. September 20, 2011.
4324:JewishEncyclopedia.com
4305:See Irving Rosenbaum,
4044:JewishEncyclopedia.com
4028:RCA Semicha Guidelines
3889:JewishEncyclopedia.com
3867:JewishEncyclopedia.com
3836:JewishEncyclopedia.com
3268:Nadell, P. S. (2019).
2667:Yeshivas Chafetz Chaim
2431:
2398:with this ordination.
2109:
1820:
1760:Meir ben Baruch Halevi
32:Rabbi (disambiguation)
6477:Encyclopaedia Judaica
6259:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
5444:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
5194:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
4887:Encyclopaedia Judaica
4433:Jewish Encyclopedia,
3981:"Rabbinical Assembly"
3821:1993, pp. 51–53.
3729:Rosensweig, Bernard.
3625:Encyclopaedia Judaica
3095:, and Maharat
3042:conversion to Judaism
2916:Further information:
2901:people as rabbis and
2867:Conservative responsa
2425:
2406:Further information:
2229:legal prescriptions.
2140:Non-practicing rabbis
2133:Interfaith activities
2103:
2073:conversion to Judaism
1927:Religious supervision
1818:
1730:, used in Israel) or
1720:or bearing the title
5056:Second Temple period
4812:האקדמיה ללשון העברית
4095:. January 26, 2013.
3791:David M. Goodblatt,
3346:האקדמיה ללשון העברית
3073:second-wave feminism
2835:Conservative Judaism
2830:Conservative Judaism
2825:Non-Orthodox Judaism
2742:(" head yeshiva"),
2714:(denoting "rabbi"),
2683:Yeshiva Chaim Berlin
2671:Yeshivas Ner Yisroel
2581:deep analytic skills
2279:Classical ordination
1939:), the ritual bath (
1674:Babylonian academies
1626:Temples in Jerusalem
1312:Jewish denominations
1291:(167 BCE–73 CE) and
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
6494:Jewish Encyclopedia
6239:Hekhalot literature
6050:Religious movements
5585:Judeo-Tripolitanian
4914:Aharon Lichtenstein
4906:Aaron Kirchenbaum,
4565:LeKorot HaRabbanut,
4167:on January 26, 2017
4146:, Kri'at Shema 2:5.
3961:on October 24, 2014
3918:SUNY, 1988, p. 402.
3885:"GERSHOM BEN JUDAH"
3452:Siddur Azor Eliyahu
3254:(pp. 69–78). Brill.
2879:rabbinic literature
2795:usage common among
2122:Defending the faith
1962:Pastoral counseling
1871:rabbinic literature
1780:Jewish emancipation
1774:18th–19th centuries
1528:was first used for
1492:Historical overview
1390:("our master") and
1310:Within the various
1299:, hence the title "
1087:Abrahamic religions
986:Selichot (S'lichot)
778:Bar and bat mitzvah
281:Principles of faith
6635:Judaism portal
6571:Jews and Halloween
6566:Jews and Christmas
5956:Rabbinic authority
5708:Judaeo-Piedmontese
5141:Xueta Christianity
5046:Origins of Judaism
5013:Outline of Judaism
4878:Berenbaum, Michael
4791:The New York Times
4161:My Jewish Learning
3673:www.ezrabrand.com/
3616:Berenbaum, Michael
3392:sv:Helmer Ringgren
3320:, November 9, 2015
3091:, Rabbanit
2926:in New York City,
2851:biblical criticism
2585:Yeshiva University
2575:and in some cases
2544:Yeshiva University
2524:). An element of
2520:, and the laws of
2432:
2212:Rabbinic authority
2110:
1832:Study and teaching
1821:
1642:Torah SheBe'al Peh
1564:) in the books of
1558:Yohanan ben Zakkai
1538:Yohanan ben Zakkai
1182:Judaism portal
1147:Holocaust theology
6644:
6643:
6610:extinct languages
6511:YIVO Encyclopedia
6286:Hebrew literature
6254:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
6094:Reconstructionist
5772:Judaeo-Portuguese
5461:
5460:
5417:Eastern Sephardim
5061:Synagogal Judaism
4930:S. Schwarzfuchs,
4923:Jeffrey I. Roth,
4897:978-0-02-866097-4
4420:Jeffrey I. Roth,
4203:Jeffrey I. Roth,
3914:Dorff and Roset,
3832:"Excommunication"
3817:S. Schwarzfuchs,
3806:Jewish Preaching,
3804:Marc Saperstein,
3635:978-0-02-866097-4
3516:978-3-16-146797-4
2968:Wolkowisk Mesifta
2928:AJR in California
2750:Mashgiach ruchani
2734:Moreinu VeRabeinu
2728:("our teacher"),
2532:Religious Zionist
2510:main commentaries
1850:), intermediate (
1789:, and the title "
1688:and Sanhedrin by
1332:Reconstructionist
1267:
1218:
1217:
570:Important figures
244:Reconstructionist
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
6674:
6633:
6632:
6631:
6618:
6617:
5750:Judeo-Golpaygani
5351:Palestinian Jews
5326:Alexandrian Jews
5282:Crimean Karaites
5199:Unterlander Jews
5152:
5066:Rabbinic Judaism
4991:
4984:
4977:
4968:
4963:
4955:
4901:
4863:
4857:
4849:
4841:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4801:
4795:
4782:
4776:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4742:Numbers 11:16–25
4739:
4733:
4731:Deuteronomy 34:9
4727:Numbers 27:15–23
4724:
4718:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4656:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4595:
4589:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4571:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4546:
4536:
4530:
4527:
4521:
4515:
4509:
4503:
4497:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4470:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4431:
4425:
4418:
4412:
4411:
4405:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4316:
4310:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4259:
4253:
4252:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4214:
4208:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4163:. Archived from
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4036:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3957:. Archived from
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3925:
3919:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3828:
3822:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3762:
3755:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3727:
3718:
3717:
3693:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3664:
3658:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3612:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3544:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3500:
3494:
3483:Catherine Hezser
3480:
3474:
3468:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3429:
3424:and repeated by
3406:
3400:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3327:
3321:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3279:
3273:
3266:
3255:
3248:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3203:
3197:
3192:
3170:
3167:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3081:Orthodox Judaism
3067:Women in Judaism
2762:("the genius"),
2640:religious courts
2182:
2179:
2057:(bringing close)
2011:Charitable works
1910:Rabbeinu Gershom
1854:) and advanced (
1718:pitka dedayanuta
1654:Rabbinic Judaism
1584:" as well as to
1475:
1467:
1449:
1448:
1426:Dead Sea Scrolls
1423:
1414:Biblical Aramaic
1411:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1180:
1179:
1178:
452:Aruch HaShulchan
176:
170:
164:
141:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
18:Mara d'atra
6682:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6671:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6629:
6627:
6599:
6425:
6290:
6162:
6036:
5930:
5745:Judeo-Borujerdi
5720:Judeo-Malayalam
5666:Judeo-Aragonese
5637:Lishanid Noshan
5469:
5457:
5189:Oberlander Jews
5150:
5080:
5022:
5004:
4995:
4950:
4947:
4942:
4934:, Oxford, 1993.
4898:
4876:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4845:Mishnaic Hebrew
4842:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4827:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4784:Blau, Eleanor.
4783:
4779:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4758:
4751:
4747:
4740:
4736:
4725:
4721:
4716:
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4707:
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4641:
4637:
4615:
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4610:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4587:
4583:
4578:
4574:
4568:B'Ohalei Yaakov
4562:
4558:
4553:
4549:
4537:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4516:
4512:
4504:
4500:
4492:
4488:
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4473:
4464:
4460:
4449:
4447:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4419:
4415:
4398:
4391:
4389:
4382:"Archived copy"
4380:
4379:
4375:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4304:
4300:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4245:JCC Association
4239:
4238:
4234:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4202:
4198:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4170:
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3647:
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3636:
3614:
3613:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3559:10.2307/1453387
3542:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3517:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3489:, 1997, p. 59 "
3481:
3477:
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3446:
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3377:
3367:
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3333:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3318:Wayback Machine
3306:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3240:
3223:
3216:
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3212:Sources Journal
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3154:
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3085:Yoetzet Halacha
3069:
3063:
3056:
3050:
3004:Modern Orthodox
2976:
2940:Hebrew Seminary
2938:in Boston, and
2920:
2914:
2890:
2841:, Conservative
2832:
2827:
2809:and used among
2718:("the rabbi"),
2646:("decisors" of
2604:Yoetzet Halacha
2600:Toanot Rabniyot
2540:Hesder yeshivot
2536:Modern Orthodox
2428:Moshe Feinstein
2420:
2410:
2404:
2339:
2318:. The chain of
2281:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2246:
2214:
2208:
2196:sekhar battalah
2180:
2167:sekhar battalah
2154:
2063:Chabad outreach
2025:Israel Salanter
1826:
1810:Jewish theology
1776:
1706:
1662:
1660:Talmudic period
1494:
1352:Mishnaic Hebrew
1348:
1316:Orthodox Jewish
1229:
1225:
1214:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1112:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1092:Judeo-Christian
1055:
1054:
1052:Other religions
1043:
1042:
1003:
1002:
991:
990:
926:
925:
914:
913:
868:
821:
820:
811:
810:
792:
758:
757:
742:
741:
697:
696:
694:Religious roles
685:
684:
647:
643:
573:
572:
561:
560:
522:
498:
497:
482:
481:
447:Mishnah Berurah
427:
426:
415:
414:
389:
342:
335:
334:
323:
322:
276:
275:
264:
263:
195:
188:
187:
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6680:
6678:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6649:
6648:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6638:
6624:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6577:non-Christian
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6533:
6526:
6519:
6514:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6473:
6468:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6435:
6433:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6418:
6417:
6416:
6411:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6352:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6335:
6334:
6333:
6323:
6318:
6317:
6316:
6311:
6300:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6276:Shulchan Aruch
6273:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6264:Sefer Yetzirah
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6244:Pardes Rimonim
6241:
6234:Kabbalah texts
6231:
6230:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6178:
6172:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6067:
6046:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6027:Land of Israel
6024:
6023:
6022:
6012:
6007:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5952:
5951:
5940:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5905:
5903:Judeo-Alsatian
5895:
5894:
5893:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5768:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5755:Judeo-Hamedani
5752:
5747:
5742:
5732:
5730:Judaeo-Occitan
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5671:Jewish English
5668:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5602:Judaeo-Aramaic
5599:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5590:Judeo-Tunisian
5587:
5582:
5580:Judeo-Moroccan
5577:
5576:
5575:
5573:Judeo-Baghdadi
5560:
5555:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5477:
5475:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5429:
5424:
5422:Livornese Jews
5419:
5409:
5404:
5403:
5402:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5313:
5312:
5311:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5269:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5208:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5169:Afrikaner-Jode
5160:
5158:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5088:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5032:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5005:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4946:
4945:External links
4943:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4911:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4796:
4777:
4765:
4756:
4753:2 Kings 2:9–15
4745:
4734:
4719:
4710:
4701:
4675:
4666:
4657:
4644:
4635:
4608:
4590:
4588:Roth, 116–117.
4581:
4572:
4556:
4547:
4531:
4522:
4510:
4498:
4486:
4471:
4458:
4426:
4413:
4373:
4355:
4333:
4320:"DISPUTATIONS"
4311:
4298:
4276:
4254:
4232:
4209:
4196:
4178:
4148:
4136:
4110:
4084:
4062:
4031:
4020:
3998:
3972:
3946:
3920:
3916:A Living Tree,
3907:
3876:
3854:
3845:
3823:
3810:
3797:
3784:
3780:Deuteronomy 33
3772:
3763:
3750:
3739:
3719:
3702:Tarbiz / תרביץ
3685:
3659:
3641:
3634:
3584:
3572:
3553:(4): 337–345.
3530:
3515:
3495:
3475:
3460:
3444:
3430:
3401:
3375:
3363:Dictionary.com
3350:
3335:. June 3, 2021
3322:
3300:
3274:
3256:
3238:
3198:
3186:
3185:
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3180:
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3161:
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3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3150:Talmid Chakham
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3120:List of rabbis
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3052:Main article:
3049:
3046:
3038:matrilineality
3030:patrilineality
3021:
3020:
3012:
3008:
2975:
2972:
2936:Hebrew College
2913:
2910:
2894:Reform Judaism
2889:
2888:Reform Judaism
2886:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2745:Rosh HaYeshiva
2638:("judges") on
2623:learning Torah
2506:Shulchan Aruch
2403:
2400:
2338:
2335:
2308:Great Assembly
2280:
2277:
2266:Main article:
2263:
2260:
2245:
2242:
2210:Main article:
2207:
2204:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:Public affairs
2113:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2069:
2066:
2058:
2051:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2012:
2009:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1976:
1973:
1963:
1960:
1928:
1925:
1913:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1877:
1874:
1867:
1844:
1833:
1825:
1822:
1775:
1772:
1705:
1702:
1666:Land of Israel
1661:
1658:
1534:Simeon his son
1493:
1490:
1347:
1344:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1198:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1110:Related topics
1109:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1004:
1000:Major holidays
998:
997:
996:
993:
992:
989:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
956:Birkat Hamazon
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
927:
921:
920:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
906:
900:
899:
898:
897:
890:
883:
876:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
822:
819:Ritual objects
818:
817:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
803:
798:
791:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
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749:
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740:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
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698:
692:
691:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
677:
672:
666:
665:
664:
663:
658:
653:
640:Rabbinic sages
635:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
590:
585:
580:
574:
568:
567:
566:
563:
562:
559:
558:
553:
548:
546:Chevra kadisha
543:
538:
533:
528:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
499:
489:
488:
487:
484:
483:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
442:Shulchan Aruch
439:
434:
428:
422:
421:
420:
417:
416:
413:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
383:
382:
377:
372:
367:
361:
360:
359:
358:
353:
348:
336:
330:
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
318:Musar movement
315:
314:
313:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
277:
271:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
235:
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229:
228:
227:
216:
215:
214:
213:
208:
207:
206:
189:
183:
182:
181:
178:
177:
157:
156:
150:
149:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6679:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6637:
6636:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6613:
6612:
6611:
6607:
6602:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6561:Protestantism
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6538:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6428:
6422:
6419:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6370:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6249:Sefer HaBahir
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6176:Sifrei Kodesh
6174:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6165:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6039:
6033:
6032:Who is a Jew?
6030:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5996:
5995:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5961:Chosen people
5959:
5957:
5954:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5918:
5917:Scots-Yiddish
5915:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5890:Klezmer-loshn
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5760:Judeo-Shirazi
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5736:
5735:Judeo-Persian
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5725:Judeo-Marathi
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5703:Judeo-Italian
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5658:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:Judeo-Amazigh
5556:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5468:
5464:
5450:
5447:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5381:Hadhrami Jews
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5346:Mountain Jews
5344:
5342:
5341:Egyptian Jews
5339:
5337:
5336:Bukharan Jews
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5124:Lists of Jews
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5089:
5087:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4980:
4978:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4961:
4960:
4954:
4953:"Rabbi"
4949:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4882:Skolnik, Fred
4879:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4861:
4853:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4830:
4809:
4800:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4778:
4774:
4773:Mishneh Torah
4769:
4766:
4760:
4757:
4754:
4749:
4746:
4743:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4705:
4702:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4612:
4609:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4585:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4563:Simha Assaf,
4560:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4532:
4526:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4499:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4258:
4255:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4145:
4144:Mishneh Torah
4140:
4137:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3908:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3674:
3670:
3667:Brand, Ezra.
3663:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3637:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3620:Skolnik, Fred
3617:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3499:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3453:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3334:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3213:
3209:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3181:
3176:
3166:
3163:
3156:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:Reb (Yiddish)
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2871:pastoral care
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2720:Moreinu HaRav
2717:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2699:rosh yeshivas
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:rosh yeshivas
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:family purity
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2473:In achieving
2471:
2469:
2468:post-graduate
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2370:moreh hora'ah
2367:
2363:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2325:According to
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2302:According to
2300:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2275:
2269:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2034:Role-modeling
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:hevra kadisha
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1736:ketav masmich
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1690:Theodosius II
1687:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:New Testament
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1536:, and Rabban
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1462:Yemenite Jews
1459:
1454:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1353:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1253:
1247:
1223:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:Rosh Hashanah
1006:
1005:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
924:
918:
917:
910:
907:
905:
902:
901:
896:
895:
891:
889:
888:
884:
882:
881:
877:
875:
874:
870:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
815:
814:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
752:
746:
745:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
695:
689:
688:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
667:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
646:
642:
641:
637:
636:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
571:
565:
564:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
496:
492:
486:
485:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
432:Mishneh Torah
430:
429:
425:
419:
418:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
388:
385:
384:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
341:
338:
337:
333:
327:
326:
319:
316:
312:
309:
308:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
274:
268:
267:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
226:
223:
222:
221:
218:
217:
212:
209:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
196:
194:
191:
190:
186:
180:
179:
175:
169:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:
139:
131:
128:
120:
117:February 2016
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6626:
6619:
6605:
6528:
6521:
6509:
6492:
6475:
6359:
6309:perspectives
6143:Samaritanism
6104:Neo-Hasidism
6084:Conservative
5998:Names of God
5907:
5888:
5698:Judaeo-Greek
5693:Judeo-Gascon
5632:Lishán Didán
5627:Lishana Deni
5595:Judeo-Yemeni
5563:Judeo-Arabic
5437:Meshuchrarim
5356:Persian Jews
5289:Kurdish Jews
5267:Kaifeng Jews
5216:Beta Abraham
5179:Galitzianers
5134:Antisemitism
5109:Israeli Jews
5094:Assimilation
4957:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4907:
4885:
4859:
4851:
4839:
4816:. Retrieved
4799:
4789:
4780:
4768:
4759:
4748:
4737:
4722:
4713:
4704:
4692:. Retrieved
4678:
4669:
4660:
4652:
4647:
4638:
4624:(4): 35–40.
4621:
4617:
4611:
4593:
4584:
4579:Roth, 28–32.
4575:
4567:
4564:
4559:
4554:Roth, 27–29.
4550:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4529:Roth, 10–12.
4525:
4517:
4513:
4505:
4501:
4493:
4489:
4481:
4466:
4461:
4448:. Retrieved
4439:
4429:
4421:
4416:
4390:. Retrieved
4376:
4358:
4345:
4336:
4323:
4314:
4306:
4301:
4288:
4279:
4266:
4257:
4244:
4235:
4222:
4212:
4204:
4199:
4181:
4169:. Retrieved
4165:the original
4160:
4151:
4139:
4127:. Retrieved
4113:
4101:. Retrieved
4087:
4074:
4065:
4052:. Retrieved
4043:
4034:
4023:
4010:
4001:
3989:. Retrieved
3975:
3965:November 17,
3963:. Retrieved
3959:the original
3949:
3937:. Retrieved
3923:
3915:
3910:
3897:. Retrieved
3888:
3879:
3866:
3857:
3848:
3835:
3826:
3818:
3813:
3805:
3800:
3795:Brill, 1975.
3792:
3787:
3775:
3766:
3758:
3753:
3742:
3734:
3708:(א): 41–59.
3705:
3701:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:
3662:
3648:For example
3644:
3623:
3575:
3550:
3546:
3533:
3524:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3451:
3447:
3433:
3416:
3412:
3404:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3366:. Retrieved
3362:
3353:
3337:. Retrieved
3325:
3307:
3303:
3291:. Retrieved
3277:
3269:
3251:
3215:. Retrieved
3211:
3201:
3190:
3165:
3070:
3048:Women rabbis
3022:
2995:
2992:
2981:
2977:
2948:
2921:
2891:
2842:
2833:
2818:
2814:
2800:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2768:(" rabbi"),
2763:
2759:
2753:
2743:
2739:Rosh yeshiva
2737:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2698:
2678:
2664:
2632:
2608:
2589:
2566:
2547:
2530:
2525:
2500:
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2200:
2195:
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2171:
2166:
2162:
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2152:Compensation
2127:disputations
2082:Match-making
2076:
2054:
2043:
2016:
2005:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1967:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1924:of the past.
1920:
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1851:
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1678:Sherira Gaon
1669:
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1601:Jewish kings
1590:
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1498:Hebrew Bible
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1407:Semitic root
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1324:Conservative
1320:women rabbis
1309:
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1142:Anti-Judaism
1137:Antisemitism
1082:Samaritanism
1060:Christianity
961:Shehecheyanu
892:
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871:
866:Four species
773:Pidyon haben
727:Rosh yeshiva
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477:Noahide laws
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54:verification
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6551:Catholicism
6133:Hellenistic
5971:Eschatology
5909:Lachoudisch
5834:Lotegorisch
5812:Lachoudisch
5802:Koiné Greek
5715:Judeo-Latin
5652:Palestinian
5546:Palestinian
5395:Mustaʿravim
5321:Afghan Jews
5309:Berber Jews
5233:Bene Israel
5221:Falash Mura
5211:Beta Israel
5129:Persecution
5071:Middle Ages
4818:December 5,
4814:(in Hebrew)
4171:January 13,
4129:January 11,
4103:January 11,
4054:January 11,
3991:October 25,
3808:Yale, 1989.
3757:Zef Eleff,
3678:January 25,
3650:Pirkei Avot
3339:January 31,
3019:as binding.
3011:leadership.
2964:Ateret Tzvi
2755:Mora DeAsra
2613:(including
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2456:Torah study
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2304:Pirkei Avot
2223:mara d'atra
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2068:Conversions
1988:ba'al koreh
1898:Legislating
1889:av beth din
1864:d'var Torah
1752:Black Death
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1726:(short for
1704:Middle Ages
1550:Rabbi Zadok
1480:and רַבִּי
826:Sefer Torah
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768:Zeved habat
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225:Conservadox
6651:Categories
6546:Anabaptism
6488:Jew (word)
6355:Leadership
6168:Literature
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6099:Humanistic
5966:Conversion
5936:Philosophy
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4482:Bava Batra
4450:January 1,
4392:January 7,
4267:hillel.org
3939:January 7,
3929:"About Us"
3899:January 7,
3863:"TaḲḲanah"
3422:M. Burrows
3217:August 28,
3177:References
3140:Rav muvhak
3065:See also:
2984:Samaritans
2875:chaplaincy
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2648:Jewish law
2412:See also:
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2327:Maimonides
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2262:Ordination
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1860:synagogues
1750:Until the
1744:Maimonides
1609:priesthood
1376:"master".
1013:Yom Kippur
556:Tabernacle
301:Chosenness
273:Philosophy
254:Humanistic
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6608:indicate
6556:Mormonism
6541:Christian
6421:Symbolism
6409:Synagogue
6389:Mythology
6350:Education
6321:Astronomy
6304:Astrology
6121:relations
5926:Zarphatic
5874:Galitzish
5676:Yeshivish
5553:Catalanic
5516:Samaritan
5491:Ashkenazi
5472:Diasporic
5467:Languages
5412:Sephardim
5407:Romaniote
5294:Krymchaks
5228:Desi Jews
5104:Buddhists
4807:רַב בנקבה
4465:Mishnah,
4119:"Ma'aseh"
3655:Ahitophel
3426:Carmignac
3368:April 21,
3332:רב ורבנים
3182:Citations
3099:.
2815:Rebbetzin
2811:Sephardim
2788:rebbetzin
2695:Jerusalem
2675:Baltimore
2492:Acharonim
2366:Yore yore
2314:, to the
2310:, to the
2206:Authority
1957:Mashgiach
1824:Functions
1605:Sanhedrin
1582:Pharisees
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1532:, Rabban
1458:Sephardic
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1097:Pluralism
1075:Mormonism
981:Kol Nidre
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680:Acharonim
526:Synagogue
503:Jerusalem
185:Movements
6621:Category
6591:Hinduism
6581:Buddhism
6483:Genetics
6399:Politics
6372:Marriage
6331:Holidays
6326:Calendar
6207:Rabbinic
6183:/Hebrew
6128:Haymanot
6055:Orthodox
6042:Branches
6015:Kabbalah
6010:Haskalah
5988:Holiness
5864:dialects
5844:Shassagh
5807:Krymchak
5787:Kayliñña
5681:Yinglish
5657:Galilean
5647:Talmudic
5642:Biblical
5617:Betanure
5536:Biblical
5531:Mishnaic
5526:Medieval
5511:Tiberian
5506:Yemenite
5496:Sephardi
5432:Paradesi
5376:Ḥabbanim
5366:Teimanim
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5304:Maghrebi
5272:Karaites
5250:Gruzínim
5238:Kochinim
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5099:Atheists
5036:Timeline
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4688:Archived
4630:23260883
4603:Archived
4506:Berakhot
4444:Archived
4402:cite web
4386:Archived
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4271:Archived
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4223:LA Times
4191:Archived
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4097:Archived
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3933:Archived
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3840:Archived
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3007:rabbis).
2988:Karaites
2944:Illinois
2934:online,
2859:Kabbalah
2843:semikhah
2839:halakhah
2802:rabbanit
2785:Note: A
2770:HaTzadik
2691:Brooklyn
2687:Brooklyn
2679:semichah
2619:yeshivas
2549:hashkafa
2488:Rishonim
2479:Talmudic
2475:semikhah
2460:kollelim
2451:yeshivas
2446:responsa
2436:semikhah
2391:beth din
2374:semikhah
2362:semikhah
2354:responsa
2346:semikhah
2320:semikhah
2268:Semikhah
2234:de facto
2185:yeshivot
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2106:chaplain
2077:beth din
2044:ma'aseh.
2017:tzedakah
2006:beth din
1980:siddurim
1933:shekhita
1921:takkanot
1917:takkanot
1905:takkanot
1885:halakhah
1852:yeshivah
1841:hidushim
1799:Orthodox
1638:Oral Law
1548:include
1514:Hillel I
1486:Ashkenaz
1476:
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1388:rabbeinu
1380:
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1340:halakhic
1293:Talmudic
1162:Muhammad
1065:Hinduism
1038:Hanukkah
976:Tachanun
971:Havdalah
836:Tefillin
783:Marriage
675:Rishonim
661:Savoraim
518:Tiberias
467:Tzedakah
387:Rabbinic
286:Kabbalah
259:Haymanot
193:Orthodox
146:a series
144:Part of
6606:Italics
6431:Studies
6377:Divorce
6343:Kashrut
6338:Cuisine
6296:Culture
6227:Midrash
6222:Tosefta
6212:Mishnah
6200:Ketuvim
6195:Nevi'im
6158:Schisms
6148:Science
6138:Karaite
6109:Renewal
6070:Litvaks
6065:Hasidic
6020:Sefirot
6005:Halakha
5976:Messiah
5949:Mitzvah
5944:Beliefs
5898:Western
5884:Poylish
5879:Litvish
5869:Eastern
5859:Yiddish
5854:Shuadit
5839:Qwareña
5827:Tetuani
5822:Haketia
5797:Knaanic
5792:Kivruli
5740:Bukhori
5686:Heblish
5622:Hulaulá
5612:Barzani
5568:Yahudic
5501:Mizrahi
5361:Urfalim
5316:Mizrahi
5260:Neofiti
5255:Italkim
5184:Lita'im
5076:Zionism
5028:History
5002:Judaism
4870:Sources
4494:Ketubot
4436:"RABBI"
4285:"About"
3567:1453387
3458:
3348:
3308:PRI.org
3208:"Rabbi"
3130:Mashpia
3097:(מהר"ת)
3093:(רבנית)
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3017:Halakha
2903:cantors
2863:Hasidut
2855:Midrash
2799:) or a
2793:Yiddish
2725:Moreinu
2662:study.
2652:Litvish
2636:dayanim
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2526:shimush
2518:Shabbat
2496:Halakha
2444:") and
2441:Halakha
2396:dayanim
2316:Tannaim
2256:Kohanim
2251:mitzvah
2104:Jewish
2031:causes.
1937:kashrut
1876:Judging
1837:masorah
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1566:Matthew
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1430:cognate
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1028:Shavuot
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751:Culture
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610:Solomon
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154:Judaism
101:scholar
76:"Rabbi"
6657:Rabbis
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6404:Prayer
6281:Siddur
6217:Talmud
6181:Tanakh
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6089:Reform
6077:Modern
6060:Haredi
5983:Ethics
5849:Shassi
5817:Ladino
5782:Karaim
5765:Juhuri
5607:Targum
5521:Signed
5486:Modern
5481:Hebrew
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5204:Yekkes
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