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310:, that is, individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant. Male flowers appear in open clusters while females flowers, distinguished by a swollen base, usually appear individually. The plant is self-fertile, i.e. pollen from the male flowers can fertilise the female flowers on the same plant; pollination is by
352:. Fruits usually hold four or more seeds. Seeds sprout in the cool wetness of late winter. Seeds have an intriguing germination process. The initial shoot emerges from the seed and grows downward into the earth. This shoot then splits, one part beginning to swell and form the tuber, while the second part grows back to the surface and becomes the vine.
428:, at elevations up to 900 m (3,000 ft). It will tolerate a variety of soil types and acidities, but it requires seasonally moist soil. Vines can grow in full-sun to partially shaded conditions. It emerges soon after winter rains begin, grows until late spring, and dies back completely in the heat and dryness of summer.
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The fruit is longer than it is wide, 5–6 cm in diameter and 15–20 cm long, and covered in prickles of variable density, up to 1 cm long but without hooks. Unripe fruit are bright green, ripening to yellow. The fruit swells as it ripens until finally rupturing and releasing the large
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which can reach several meters in length and weigh in excess of 100 kilograms (220 lb). Weights of up to 500 pounds (227 kilograms) have been reported. Vines develop leaves and, particularly, flowers and fruit very quickly, often with the first nodes of the quick-growing vines containing male
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is about twice as large in all of its parts. For example,the mainland leaves are 5 to 10 centimeters wide while the insular leaves are 15 to 25 centimeters in width. And the seeds on the mainland are 15 to 20 millimeters long while the insular seeds are 28 to 33 millimeters in length.
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species native to
California - this being consistent with its range having the most xeric climate. Vines appear in late winter in response to increased rainfall, and can climb or scramble to a length of 6 metres (20 ft). The subspecies M. m. major of the
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and female flower heads. Its leaves typically have five lobes with individual plants showing wide variation in leaf size and lobe length.
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510:). Despite this, the leaves have been used as a vegetable. The large tuber of the manroot can be processed for a soap-like extract.
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are large, hard, and very smooth. Southern
California manroot has larger, longer seeds than the other manroot species except for
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The flower can vary in color from yellowish green to cream to white. Flowers appear soon after the vine emerges. The flowers are
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seeds. Fruit begin to form in late winter and ripen by early summer.
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Handbook of the Wild
Flowers, Weeds, Wildlife and Weather...Etc
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has the most pubescent shoots, stems, and leaves of all the
599:. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of Calif. Press. p. 1059.
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420:It grows by streams, in washes, and on slopes in
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360:Three varieties were formerly recognised:
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490:Learn how and when to remove this message
595:Munz, Philip A.; Keck, David D. (1959).
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458:Relevant discussion may be found on
252:is a species of plant in the genus
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857:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:152834-2
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293:Vines emerge from a large, hard
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1095:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:88130-2
1:
576:. Royal Botanical Gardens Kew
405:. Its range extends from the
619:Gales, Donald Moore (1988).
287:Channel Islands (California)
470:the claims made and adding
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574:Plants of the World Online
27:Species of flowering plant
555:. accessed March 8, 2016.
537:. accessed March 8, 2016.
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50:Scientific classification
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1154:Flora of Baja California
217:Echinocystis macrocarpa
1001:Echinocystis macrocarpa
397:The plant is native to
222:Micrampelis leptocarpa.
208:(orthographic variant)
638:UC CalPhotos gallery:
609:Munz and Keck loc. cit
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460:Talk:Marah macrocarpa
338:Seeds and germination
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1149:Flora of California
506:, which comes from
399:Southern California
232:(sometimes spelled
18:Marah guadalupensis
597:A California Flora
451:possibly contains
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163:M. macrocarpa
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895:Marah macrocarpus
826:Open Tree of Life
652:Taxon identifiers
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453:original research
415:Peninsular Ranges
407:Transverse Ranges
234:Marah macrocarpus
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206:Marah macrocarpus
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295:tuberous root
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578:. Retrieved
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393:Distribution
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971:NatureServe
844:tro-9200473
774:iNaturalist
684:Wikispecies
580:15 December
369:macrocarpas
262:Description
93:Angiosperms
35:Chilicothe
1138:Categories
839:Plant List
698:Calflora:
550:Calflora:
514:References
464:improve it
308:monoecious
238:chilicothe
1016:Q38645826
740:250100814
675:Q17430121
468:verifying
462:. Please
422:chaparral
387:micrantha
342:Seeds of
157:Species:
63:Kingdom:
1108:50109040
1103:Tropicos
1010:Wikidata
976:2.145411
950:10197825
910:Q6754651
904:Wikidata
865:Tropicos
792:152834-2
669:Wikidata
532:Jepson:
480:May 2024
356:Taxonomy
198:Synonyms
191:) Greene
135:Family:
106:Eudicots
1082:1146735
1069:88130-2
1043:7317610
937:2874540
870:9200473
831:1066437
753:3622216
312:insects
250:bigroot
246:manroot
145:Genus:
125:Order:
67:Plantae
984:PLANTS
805:847534
727:584303
508:Hebrew
302:Flower
189:Greene
119:Rosids
1056:14837
1030:38HFS
989:MAMA8
963:22394
945:IRMNG
924:ECNMA
818:48242
779:77959
766:23389
714:3XY87
701:11822
504:Marah
385:var.
378:major
376:var.
367:var.
329:fruit
318:Fruit
282:Marah
255:Marah
150:Marah
113:Clade
100:Clade
87:Clade
74:Clade
1090:POWO
1077:ITIS
1064:IPNI
1051:GRIN
1038:GBIF
958:ITIS
932:GBIF
919:EPPO
852:POWO
813:NCBI
800:ITIS
787:IPNI
761:GRIN
748:GBIF
582:2019
432:Uses
424:and
409:and
401:and
273:leaf
1116:WFO
1025:CoL
878:WFO
735:FNA
722:EoL
709:CoL
466:by
248:or
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187:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
