373:. Most have stout, scabrous or hairy stems, with coiling tendrils that enable them to climb up other plants; they can also grow rapidly across level ground. Their leaves tend to have multiple lobes, up to 7 in some species. The fruits are striking and easily recognized. They are large, and spherical, oval or cylindrical. At a minimum they are 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter, but can be up to 20 cm (8 in) long, and in many species they are covered in long spines. Both leaf and fruit shape vary widely between individual plants and leaves can be particularly variable even on the same vine.
416:
401:
63:
386:
40:
589:
376:
The anthropomorphic common names "manroot" and "old man in the ground" derive from the swollen lobes and arm-like extensions of the unearthed tuber. On old plants, the tuber can be several meters long and weigh in excess of 100 kg (220 lb).
679:
The dried spiky fruit can be soaked in water so that the spikes can be easily removed. They are difficult to remove otherwise. The hard fruit becomes soft in water and once the spikes are gone, the fruit makes a very efficient
1182:
1038:
441:
freely where ranges overlap and this, in addition to intra-species leaf and fruit variability, makes definite identification of specimens a particular challenge.
1064:
986:
1051:
999:
1090:
448:
phylogeny has not yet been undertaken. The standard taxonomy has been based on morphological comparisons and geographic considerations.
803:
Richard
Thundering Wolf, Cherokee/Cheyenne elder, Vietnam Veteran and US military wilderness expertise teacher, tested by Adraghastar.
645:
628:
1025:
610:
606:
1056:
1167:
814:
1177:
723:
of water allowing the formation of bubbles. It is likely that the substance enters the fish's circulation through the
415:
1103:
1069:
813:
Bjenning, Christina A.; Olson, Gary; Bjenning, Isabella; Conlin, Bob & Fillius, Margaret (November 2005).
1108:
62:
1172:
599:
457:. Considered as a separate genus, however, it includes six or seven species, some of them with well-defined
973:
887:
792:
The significance of the name we have chosen would be better understood by perusing Exodus xv : 22-25
978:
307:
1004:
947:
767:
669:
400:
868:
502:
210:
1139:
1095:
243:
57:
708:
731:
separates the water from the animal's red blood cells. The affected fish float to the surface.
1077:
1043:
934:
423:
404:
166:
1082:
673:
649:
525:
458:
438:
287:
222:
720:
657:
389:
366:
100:
746:
570:
562:
517:
494:
341:
315:
299:
234:
228:
216:
204:
183:
156:
87:
48:
824:. San Diego, California: The Torrey Pines Docent Society. pp. 8–9. Archived from
1161:
466:
370:
354:
303:
295:
291:
198:
146:
1144:
939:
453:
136:
20:
385:
39:
925:
738:
species are toxic if ingested and deaths have been reported from ingesting them.
1131:
1012:
919:
588:
825:
728:
910:
960:
724:
716:
419:
331:), all manroot species inhabit overlapping ranges distributed from Southern
1121:
1116:
904:
704:
665:
113:
876:
991:
712:
693:
653:
613: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
320:
1017:
681:
336:
332:
259:
126:
1030:
881:
19:
For another North
American species also known as wild cucumber, see
965:
414:
399:
384:
346:
255:
74:
661:
885:
952:
582:
302:
noted was characterized by extreme bitterness) was named for
310:, which was said to be named for the bitter water there.
656:
mash the upper stalk in water to dip aching hands. The
1183:
Plants used in traditional Native
American medicine
894:
703:are crushed and thrown into bodies of water by the
660:burn the root and mixed the resulting powder with
776:Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences
353:are confined to areas within 300 km of the
877:Website About 5 California-native Marah Species
851:(Revised ed.). University of Washington Press.
8:
451:Some authors include the manroots in genus
882:
734:Like many medicinal plants, at least some
38:
27:
629:Learn how and when to remove this message
854:Pojar, Jim & McKinnon, Andy (1994):
758:
707:to immobilize fish. The tubers contain
815:"Native fishing practices - revisited"
345:(coastal manroot) extends inland into
856:Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast
676:, kidney trouble and scrofula sores.
7:
652:make a poultice from the gourd. The
611:adding citations to reliable sources
286:) are flowering plants in the gourd
349:, all other manroot species except
14:
869:Jepson manual treatment of genus
849:Ethnobotany of Western Washington
696:which can act as a natural soap.
313:Except for the isolated range of
587:
61:
1109:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:13327-1
598:needs additional citations for
319:(Gila manroot) in west-central
1:
444:A proper genetic analysis of
745:have been reported as being
1199:
672:make a decoction to treat
18:
727:where only a single-cell
249:
242:
195:
190:
58:Scientific classification
56:
46:
37:
30:
766:Kellogg, Albert (1854).
644:are used medicinally by
381:Taxonomy and systematics
323:and island populations (
858:. Lone Pine Publishing.
369:, growing from a large
847:Gunther, Erna (1973):
782:. San Francisco: 38–39
431:
412:
397:
719:. Saponins lower the
470:– California manroot
418:
403:
388:
294:), native to western
1168:Cucurbitaceae genera
607:improve this article
529:– Cucamonga manroot
506:– often included in
1178:Flora of California
664:grease to apply to
503:Marah guadalupensis
298:. The genus (which
211:Marah guadalupensis
432:
413:
398:
52:(coastal manroot)
1155:
1154:
1078:Open Tree of Life
888:Taxon identifiers
639:
638:
631:
566:– coastal manroot
428:Marah macrocarpus
424:Cucamonga manroot
409:Marah macrocarpus
405:Cucamonga manroot
365:The manroots are
267:
266:
262:
186:
1190:
1148:
1147:
1135:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1099:
1098:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1020:
1008:
1007:
995:
994:
982:
981:
969:
968:
956:
955:
943:
942:
930:
929:
928:
915:
914:
913:
883:
840:
839:
837:
836:
830:
819:
810:
804:
801:
795:
794:
789:
787:
763:
684:. The tubers of
674:venereal disease
646:Native Americans
634:
627:
623:
620:
614:
591:
583:
551:Marah macrocarpa
542:Marah macrocarpa
533:Marah macrocarpa
526:Marah macrocarpa
521:– Sierra manroot
367:perennial plants
254:
223:Marah macrocarpa
182:
66:
65:
42:
28:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1076:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1003:
998:
990:
985:
977:
972:
964:
959:
951:
946:
938:
933:
924:
923:
918:
909:
908:
903:
890:
865:
844:
843:
834:
832:
828:
817:
812:
811:
807:
802:
798:
785:
783:
770:Marah muricatus
765:
764:
760:
755:
721:surface tension
635:
624:
618:
615:
604:
592:
581:
390:Coastal manroot
383:
363:
308:Exodus 15:22–25
284:cucumber gourds
232:
226:
220:
214:
208:
202:
181:
60:
24:
17:
16:Genus of plants
12:
11:
5:
1196:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:Cucurbitoideae
1170:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1145:wfo-4000023094
1136:
1126:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1035:
1022:
1009:
996:
983:
970:
957:
944:
931:
916:
900:
898:
892:
891:
886:
880:
879:
874:
864:
863:External links
861:
860:
859:
852:
842:
841:
805:
796:
757:
756:
754:
751:
747:hallucinogenic
743:Marah fabaceus
690:M. macrocarpus
642:Marah oreganus
637:
636:
595:
593:
586:
580:
577:
576:
575:
571:Marah watsonii
567:
563:Marah oreganus
559:
558:
557:
548:
539:
522:
518:Marah horridus
514:
508:M. macrocarpus
499:
498:– Gila manroot
495:Marah gilensis
491:
490:
489:
480:
394:Marah oreganus
382:
379:
362:
359:
342:Marah oreganus
325:M. macrocarpus
316:Marah gilensis
280:wild cucumbers
265:
264:
247:
246:
240:
239:
235:Marah watsonii
229:Marah oreganus
217:Marah horridus
205:Marah gilensis
193:
192:
188:
187:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
157:Cucurbitoideae
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
117:
116:
111:
104:
103:
98:
91:
90:
85:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
54:
53:
49:Marah oreganus
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1195:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
993:
988:
984:
980:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
932:
927:
921:
917:
912:
906:
902:
901:
899:
897:
893:
889:
884:
878:
875:
873:
872:
867:
866:
862:
857:
853:
850:
846:
845:
831:on 2008-08-20
827:
823:
816:
809:
806:
800:
797:
793:
781:
777:
773:
771:
762:
759:
752:
750:
748:
744:
739:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
633:
630:
622:
619:November 2011
612:
608:
602:
601:
596:This section
594:
590:
585:
584:
579:Use by humans
578:
574:– Taw manroot
573:
572:
568:
565:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
547:
543:
540:
538:
534:
531:
530:
528:
527:
523:
520:
519:
515:
513:
509:
505:
504:
500:
497:
496:
492:
488:
484:
483:Marah fabacea
481:
479:
475:
474:Marah fabacea
472:
471:
469:
468:
467:Marah fabacea
464:
463:
462:
461:within them:
460:
456:
455:
449:
447:
442:
440:
436:
429:
425:
421:
417:
410:
406:
402:
395:
391:
387:
380:
378:
374:
372:
371:tuberous root
368:
360:
358:
356:
355:Pacific Ocean
352:
348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
317:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
296:North America
293:
292:Cucurbitaceae
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
263:
261:
257:
253:
248:
245:
241:
238:
237:
236:
231:
230:
225:
224:
219:
218:
213:
212:
207:
206:
201:
200:
199:Marah fabacea
194:
189:
185:
180:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
147:Cucurbitaceae
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:Tracheophytes
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
59:
55:
51:
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
895:
870:
855:
848:
833:. Retrieved
826:the original
821:
808:
799:
791:
784:. Retrieved
779:
775:
769:
761:
742:
740:
735:
733:
700:
698:
689:
685:
678:
670:Coast Salish
641:
640:
625:
616:
605:Please help
600:verification
597:
569:
561:
554:
550:
545:
541:
536:
532:
524:
516:
511:
507:
501:
493:
486:
482:
477:
473:
465:
454:Echinocystis
452:
450:
445:
443:
434:
433:
427:
408:
393:
375:
364:
350:
340:
335:to Northern
328:
324:
314:
312:
283:
279:
275:
270:
269:
268:
251:
250:
233:
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:
197:
196:
177:
176:
137:Cucurbitales
120:
107:
94:
81:
47:
31:
25:
21:Echinocystis
1013:iNaturalist
920:Wikispecies
786:20 February
725:gill arches
701:M. fabaceus
686:M. fabaceus
668:sores. The
422:flowers of
361:Description
351:M. gilensis
339:. Although
153:Subfamily:
101:Angiosperms
1162:Categories
1031:30040597-2
835:2008-04-21
753:References
729:epithelium
709:megharrhin
699:Tubers of
537:macrocarpa
252:Megarrhiza
822:Torreyana
741:Seeds of
717:glucoside
555:micrantha
459:varieties
439:hybridize
420:Staminate
71:Kingdom:
1129:VASCAN:
1122:40013562
1117:Tropicos
905:Wikidata
705:Kumeyaay
694:saponins
692:contain
666:scrofula
658:Chehalis
478:agrestis
437:species
276:manroots
244:Synonyms
191:Species
167:Sicyoeae
143:Family:
114:Eudicots
1083:1066441
1044:1371306
992:2874539
911:Q930104
713:saponin
654:Squaxin
650:Chinook
487:fabacea
396:) fruit
357:coast.
321:Arizona
300:Kellogg
184:Kellogg
173:Genus:
163:Tribe:
133:Order:
75:Plantae
1091:PLANTS
979:119660
715:-like
648:. The
411:) root
337:Mexico
333:Canada
288:family
260:A.Gray
258:&
127:Rosids
1096:MARAH
1070:48241
1057:22390
1039:IRMNG
1018:53145
966:1MBHG
953:71335
940:62ZNZ
926:Marah
896:Marah
871:Marah
829:(PDF)
818:(PDF)
736:Marah
682:loofa
553:var.
546:major
544:var.
535:var.
512:major
510:var.
485:var.
476:var.
446:Marah
435:Marah
347:Idaho
329:major
327:var.
304:Marah
282:, or
274:(the
271:Marah
256:Torr.
178:Marah
121:Clade
108:Clade
95:Clade
82:Clade
32:Marah
1132:1394
1104:POWO
1065:NCBI
1052:ITIS
1026:IPNI
1005:7259
1000:GRIN
987:GBIF
961:EPPO
788:2012
711:, a
688:and
662:bear
1140:WFO
974:FNA
948:EoL
935:CoL
609:by
306:in
1164::
1142::
1119::
1106::
1093::
1080::
1067::
1054::
1041::
1028::
1015::
1002::
989::
976::
963::
950::
937::
922::
907::
820:.
790:.
778:.
774:.
749:.
278:,
123::
110::
97::
84::
838:.
780:1
772:"
768:"
632:)
626:(
621:)
617:(
603:.
430:)
426:(
407:(
392:(
290:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
