422:. Memorably, the witnesses refused to swear the traditional oath. But the president of the court was insistent on the matter, and eventually they were each persuaded to do so: "I swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, so help me God." However, as each pronounced the form of words required, they turned towards the defendant, Hem Day (Marcel Dieu), making it clear that they were swearing in the name of the defendant ("Dieu" is the French word for "God") and not in the name of the ethereal being normally envisaged under these circumstances.
242:
retained till 1939. Meanwhile he had established a second hand bookshop on
Brussels, "Aux joies de l'esprit", specialising in anarchism but, as the name above the front window implied, "open to all the delights of mind and body". The proprietor made his home in another part of the building. As social tensions and political polarisation intensified across western and central Europe during the later 1920s and the 1930s, the premises it occupied became a place of refuge for political exiles of many nationalities.
426:
usual way, respectively in 1922 and 1925: their service records were excellent. The worst reproach that could be thrown at them was that they had refused to respond to a recall to arms, imposed not on account of some national military necessity, but as a punitive sanction. Taking their turn to address members of the ad hoc court, Hem Day and
Campion had no difficulty in transforming themselves into exceptionally well briefed accusers, ridiculing the judicial and military authorities.
496:
he ran the political review magazine "Pensée et Action", a publication which was, according to one admirer, not so much a magazine as "a long-running editorial project, to which he was the principle contributor, most notably in the form of 'bibliobiographies' about libertarian writers and thinkers. These became his trademark till 1968, when he revisited in some depth the trial that thirty-five years earlier had made him famous". Publication was suspended
441:. He fulfilled the role of defence attorney for Hem Day and his co-accused: "War, these days, is about colonies, oil, the prestige of one government or another. War today is the outcome of all the imperialism ". He went on to interrogate persuasively the tribunal's underlying understanding of patriotism, inviting them to question how that same patriotism might appear to the millions who had lost their jobs and even their homes in the
462:
hearing and resentenced. Following the sentencing, public protests against the process surged to new heights. The sentences were reduced on appeal. However, Hem Day and
Campion were convinced of the justice of their own positions and refused to submit voluntarily to any sort of penalty. They were joined in this by a third objector, Lionel de Vlaminck, who had been imprisoned at the same location. The three men now embarked on a
311:... along with the monstrous effectiveness of the tools of destruction, renders recourse to extreme collective violence catastrophic. ... So it appear necessary that we should not merely condemn it, but also highlight the excessive risks and the folly. We need to come up with an alternative method in the fight to put an end to capitalism or to put an end to fascism".
185:. For readers with the French of northern France and southern Belgium as their mother tongue, "Hem Day" corresponds approximately to the phonetic spelling of his initials, "M.D.", while avoiding distracting (for an atheist such as Marcel Dieu) associations with God. "Dieu", in addition to being the family name of Marcel Dieu, is the French word for "God".
479:
formulation intended to preserve their self-respect: Campion and Hem Day were dismissed from the army because they were deemed unworthy to belong to it for any longer. They were excluded from the army on account of having been condemned for not wishing to re-join it or remain a part of it. The affair ended with the release of three high-profile
388:. These were identity documents which included a summary record of an individual's military service. They accompanied their "livrets militaires" with a joint letter, explaining their position: the letter was then published. They pointed out that war was a crime against humanity. They pointed out that by signing the 1928 "
226:
Anarchist Union, at which the
Flemish and Wallon anarchist federations came together. By this time he had already embarked on a career as a political journalist with contributions during 1922 to "L'Émancipateur" and, in 1925, to its successor journal, "Le Combat" (of which he would later become editorial director).
30:
503:
Right up to his death in 1969, Hem Day published dozens of books and essays, generally under the imprimatur of "Éditions Pensée et action" (Paris-Brussels). As he himself insisted, "You can never say it enough: anarchism is order without government, it is peace without violence. It is the precise
408:
of
Brabant" (military tribunal) on 19 July 1933: they faced what seems to have been some form of quasi-judicial process. They were very far from being the first to refuse to perform military service. Many Flemish nationalists had done so during, and then in the aftermath, of the First World War. But
310:
powerfully confirmed. Later during 1937, having returned home, he participated in a conference opposing militarism, and addressed fellow delegates: "To embark on a revolution ... employing extreme violence, appears today as an absurd obscenity. Just the same as a war. The interdependence of nations
225:
Dieu's passionate hatred for war quickly expanded into involvement in a more broadly-based political anarchism and activism. During the early 1920s he played an active role in the post-war reconstruction of the
Libertarian Movement, participating on 7 January 1923 at the first congress of the Belgian
495:
The encounters with the military tribunal in 1933 gained lasting recognition across francophone Europe for Hem Day as a principled and eloquent antimilitarist. During his final decades he focused on editorial work. His pacifist convictions were never far from the surface. Between 1932 and 1939
241:
1927 saw the inauguration at
Brussels of the "Comité International de Défense Anarchiste". The organisation was mandated to come to the assistance of comrades who found themselves becoming victims of "social vindictiveness". Hem Day was nominated to serve as its secretary, a responsibility which he
221:
was characterised by a succession of atrocities against the civilian population which were often well publicised. It lasted slightly more than four years, and when it ended Marcel Dieu had become a convinced atheist with a life-long commitment to fighting against the bestiality and atrocity of war.
305:
broadcasting studios, he visited the frontline. He had arrived as the fighting was intensifying and, as he saw matters, degenerating into a genuine international war thanks to the intervention of increasing numbers of foreign forces. He was appalled by the ghastly consequences unfolding, and found
478:
and let it be known that they had done so. Others followed suit. Increasingly, these included war veterans. Public pressure reached a level at which the government felt threatened. The authorities did not know how to resolve the matter. In the end they concocted a transparently preposterous
229:
In
December 1925 that month's Anarchist Congress appointed him to serve as Secretary-Treasurer for the Belgian federation. It was also at the 1925 congress that Dieu persuaded delegates to adopt an antimilitarist resolution, a paralysing general strike in the event of any attempt by government to
170:
His "editorial" output was very considerable, and included a range of pamphlets and leaflets, biographies of libertarian activists, numerous comment pieces and other articles published in the international libertarian press, along with involvement in conferences, participation in meetings dealing
425:
Hem Day declared from the outset, and made clear throughout with his demeanour, "I am here, not as the accused but as the accuser!" No one expected a quasi-judicial conviction. Some form of oratorical jousting was anticipated. The two defendants had both performed their military service in the
461:
to eighteen months. From the point of view of the authorities the affair risked becoming a self-perpetuating vicious circle. It was apparent that having served their penalties the condemned men would be recalled to the army, would resolutely refuse, and then be recalled to another court martial
413:
attracted significantly greater attention, both on account of the public profiles of the defendants and (which may very well have been connected to the publicity already surrounding the matter) on account of the severity of the sentences conferred. Numerous well-known, erudite and eloquent
205:), a short distance to the south of Brussels. His father was a successful butcher in the town. Marcel's parents adored him and he reciprocated their affection. Nevertheless, his contrarian streak was evident at an early stage. He was still a young teenager when he declared himself
277:
Between
November 1927 and June 1928 he published five editions of the short-lived monthly "anti-dogmatic anti-authoritarian" journal "Rebel". He then was initiated into freemasonry, according to at least one source, in 1932 joining the Belgian "Vérité du Droit Humain" lodge.
1586:
392:" the Belgian government had recognised this fact. There was more along the same lines. Through this simple written act of protest, and the subsequent events triggered by it, the two men would become widely celebrated as "Belgium's first conscientious objectors".
469:
Among the public, the hunger strike triggered a concern that comedy might be about to transform into tragedy, and there was a growing demand for the victims at the heart of the process to be immediately released. The lawyers for the accused men,
456:
went against the defendants and the sentences imposed were exceptionally harsh, presumably reflecting the publicity generated and the corresponding requirement to impose an exemplary penalty. Hem Day was sentenced to a two years prison sentence:
395:
The reaction was not long in coming. Both men were recalled to military service, by way of a "disciplinary measure". They must re-join their units - presumably the units in which they had served when undertaking their
326:) he chaired and led a conference under the eye-catching title "Le Fascisme contre l'intelligence: Franco contra Goya". The French authorities expelled him from the country. During the years of
1203:
1088:
884:
1335:
1403:
A new history of the revolutionary criminals who rejected any possibility of revolution coming from the degraded masses—and turned their revolt into an individualistic one
331:
218:
2184:
1552:"Mothers of the matrix: Intercultural transfer activisites of Henriette Roland Holst and Marie Elisabeth Belpaire .... Mothers of the matrix: personal network"
1613:
595:
2119:
1081:
Né le 30 mai 1902 à Houdeng-Goegnies (Hainaut, Belgique), mort le 14 août 1969 à Bruxelles ; militant, bibliographe, éditeur anarchiste et pacifiste
1799:
2169:
1109:
334:
between 1940 and 1945, Hem Day adhered to his pacifist convictions. He was powerfully influenced during this period by the pacifist philosophy of
163:, and in response to government moves to clamp down on pacifist activism and antimilitarism, Marcel Dieu became one of the first to return his
1011:
230:
organise a military mobilisation. He was also intensely involved through his pen, during the mid-1920s, in the international campaign to save
1319:
298:
1665:"Petite anthologie de la révolution non-violente chez les principaux précurseurs et théoriciens de l'anarchisme .... Anarchisme non-violent"
1130:
2154:
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2009:
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214:
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744:
735:
2149:
2134:
433:(1899-1972), was probably the most eminent of all those who appeared before the hearing, on account of his subsequent
1357:
167:, an identity document which in Belgium at this time included a summary record of an individual's military service.
2139:
1551:
557:
290:
181:, the pseudonym under which he wrote, and by which he chose to identify himself while still a teenager during the
2144:
438:
434:
364:
Hem Day became involved in a celebrated and protracted case over his antimilitarist convictions in 1933, after
389:
251:
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supporters came along to the hearing to testify on behalf of the two men, including the activist philosopher
400:. They refused to do this, and were arrested a few days later. Hem Day was arrested in the street. He and
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at the time, who found a quiet refuge with Hem Day in
Brussels, until he was able to find a ship sailing to
255:
480:
1254:
141:
107:
1398:
680:
629:
1576:« Les objecteurs de conscience belges font la grève de la faim », L'Œuvre, 2 août 1933, p. 3
2179:
2174:
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opposite of everything that, whether through ignorance or simple bad faith, it is accused of being".
314:
Later that year, on 15 May 1937, in response to an invitation from the "Cercle d'Études Populaires" (
258:
gave reason to hope that it might be safe to return home to Spain. By the end of the decade it was
247:
1384:
Vida obra y biografias de activistas, luchadoras y luchadores anarquistas desde 1900 a nuestros dias
986:. Archiefcentrum van de Federatie WallonĂŻe-Brussel en Tijdelijke tentoonstellingsruimte, Bergen/Mons
837:
528:
130:
96:
656:
644:
259:
231:
1803:
1435:. L' Association pour la Promotion de la Littérature Ouvrière (La Gazette de l' A.P.L.O.), Paris
760:
343:
1176:
1046:
1463:
1455:
1315:
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951:
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446:
282:
727:
666:
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430:
397:
365:
243:
194:
145:
51:
43:
453:
405:
1642:
803:
323:
271:
182:
1211:
Le mouvement anarchiste en Belgique francophone de 1945 à 1970: Vingt-cinq ans d’anarchie
475:
385:
339:
281:
Hem Day's opposition to all forms of warfare presented him with a stark dilemma when the
164:
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2044:
2013:
1998:
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1968:
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1938:
1923:
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47:
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689:
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463:
235:
206:
201:, located within the industrial mining region known, at the time as the "pays noir" (
149:
1525:"Jusice au passé: Il y a soixante ans, deux anarchistes devant le Conseil de Guerre"
1524:
921:
821:
1282:
1664:
1213:. Université Libre de Bruxelles: Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres. pp. 14–16
338:. He remained close, in terms both of friendship and of political conviction, to
950:(in French). Fondation rationaliste et les Éditions Luc Pire. pp. 160–161.
780:
693:
579:
575:
562:
538:
307:
210:
547:(conférence 15 mai 1937), Éditions du Cercle d'Études Populaires (Nimes), 1937.
354:"Internationale des résistant(e)s à la guerre" / "War Resisters' International"
1084:
880:
254:
all became semi-permanent presences at the shop during 1930/1931, before the
1076:
876:
787:
775:
648:
570:
415:
335:
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1462:(in French). Fondation rationaliste et les Éditions Luc Pire. p. 216.
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373:
198:
134:
100:
77:
55:
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1056:. Groupe libertaire Louise-Michel ("La Rue n° 8"), Paris. pp. 79–85
1021:. Groupe libertaire Louise-Michel ("La Rue n° 8"), Paris. pp. 79–85
238:
in 1927 following a trial process widely seen as flawed on many levels.
234:, two immigrant anarchists who were convicted of murder and executed in
830:
Essai d'une bibliographie littéraire consacrée à la mine et aux mineurs
153:
119:
81:
59:
978:
976:
974:
783:
Collection (Library of Congress), Éditions Pensée & action, 1963.
263:
1623:. Belgisch Tijdschrift voor Nieuwste Geschiedenis. pp. 463–465
1531:. Justice et société & s.a. Bruylant, Bruxelles. pp. 20–22
922:"Il y a soixante ans, deux anarchistes devant le Conseil de Guerre"
29:
1454:
Pol Defosse; Jean-Michel Dufays; Martine Goldberg (January 2005).
942:
Pol Defosse; Jean-Michel Dufays; Martine Goldberg (January 2005).
380:". Without hesitation, both Hem Day and his fellow antimilitarist
319:
297:
he joined in some radio discussions and, away from the improvised
286:
126:
73:
1621:
Le rouge et le noir: Un hebdomadaire bruxellois non conformiste
768:
Essai de bibliographie sur l'Ĺ“uvre de GĂ©rard de Lacaze Duthiers
372:(and a fellow freemason), proposed a law that would outlaw all
289:
in order to take part in what was still being characterised as
1089:
Dictionnaire biographique, mouvement ouvrier, mouvement social
885:
Dictionnaire biographique, mouvement ouvrier, mouvement social
1386:. DifusiĂłn Cultural y biblioteca anarquista. 24 March 2019.
652:, Éditions les Amis de Han Ryner et Pensée et action, 1956.
545:
Le Fascisme contre l'intelligence : Franco contra Goya
1262:
The Brief Summer of Anarchy: The Life and Death of Durruti
171:
with anti-war themes and such topics as asylum rights.
1518:
1516:
1075:
Xavier Bekaert; Marianne Enckell (18 December 2013).
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
1358:"Portrait anarchiste "Hem Day" Un libertaire belge"
792:, Paris-Bruxelles, Éditions Pensée et action, 1964.
88:
66:
36:
18:
1460:Dictionnaire historique de la laïcité en Belgique
1019:La revue La Rue - extract from "Souvenir" section
948:Dictionnaire historique de la laïcité en Belgique
753:Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis : vie et pensée
1499:Notre Histoire .... Hem Day, un libertaire belge
1377:
1375:
832:, Lallaing, Impr. du "Musée du soir", sans date.
209:. A couple of months after his twelfth birthday
148:saw a connection between his decision to become
592:L'objection de conscience et la loi en Belgique
1170:
1168:
824:, mousquetaire ; patricien de l’an-archie
1040:
1038:
1036:
1005:
1003:
1001:
285:broke out in 1936. During 1937 he set of for
8:
596:internationale des résistant(e)s à la guerre
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
671:, Paris-Bruxelles, Pensée et Action, 1957,
515:Aperçu de la question religieuse en Espagne
404:appeared before the government's so-called
215:German armies from the east invaded Belgium
639:, Paris-Bruxelles, Pensée et Action, 1955.
437:and four years, between 1957 and 1961, as
144:. Friends and admirers such as the lawyer
28:
15:
1529:Le Journal des Proces: Justice et société
1492:"... Le procès Léo Campion & Hem Day"
525:La légende de la dictature chez Bakounine
418:and the formidable antifascist feminist
1671:. Nouveau millénaire, Défis libertaires
1669:La pensée anarchiste et la non violence
1556:Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire
1382:"Hem Day (Marcel Dieu) (Vida y obra)".
1253:Hans Magnus Enzensberger; Leo Campion.
856:
659:en Belgique : sa vie, son activité
637:(1898-1954) et le socialisme libertaire
500:, but "Pensée ..." reappeared in 1945.
177:is frequently identified in sources as
759:Essai de bibliographie sur l'Ĺ“uvre de
726:Essai de bibliographie sur l'Ĺ“uvre de
2185:Belgian Army personnel of World War I
720:Francisco Ferrer : un précurseur
118:(30 May 1902 – 14 August 1969) was a
7:
1643:"Ephéméride Anarchiste 20 septembre"
623:(1898-1954) : sa vie, son Ĺ“uvre
605:(1898-1954) : sa vie, son Ĺ“uvre
256:proclamation of the Spanish Republic
232:Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti
1587:"La vie qui passe ou qui s'attarde"
1523:Jean-François Füeg (5 March 1993).
1356:Xavier Bekaert (22 November 2018).
1336:"Ephéméride Anarchiste 13 novembre"
1308:Guillaume De Gracia (5 July 2016).
1131:"Ephéméride Anarchiste 1er février"
1077:"Hem Day [Dieu Marcel dit]"
984:"Persoonlijke papieren van Hem Day"
875:Jean Puissant (15 September 2014).
429:In retrospect the socialist lawyer
1110:"Ephéméride Anarchiste 12 juillet"
1054:La revue La Rue - complete journal
826:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1968.
817:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1968.
807:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1966.
798:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1964.
770:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1960.
764:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1961.
755:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1960.
749:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1960.
740:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1960.
731:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1960.
722:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1959.
716:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1959.
706:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1959.
685:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1957.
661:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1956.
625:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1955.
616:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1955.
607:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1955.
588:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1948.
553:, Éditions Pensée et action, 1938.
517:, Action rationaliste belge, 1932.
213:broke out. Less than a week later
14:
2120:20th-century pseudonymous writers
1614:"Le pacifisme du "rouge et noir""
1397:Mitchell Abidor (17 April 2018).
738: : l'artistocratie en action
561:, R. Debresse, Bibliothèque de l'
291:the left-wing "social revolution"
152:and his father's profession as a
1846:Bibliothèque nationale de France
1287:Document de la Sureté intérieure
1045:Bernard Salmon (20 April 1970).
1010:Bernard Salmon (20 April 1970).
698:Vingt mille lieues sous les mers
474:and Deublet, returned their own
193:Marcel Camille Dieu was born at
2170:Belgian conscientious objectors
1405:. Jewish Currents, Brooklyn, NY
1255:".... A quiet life in Brussels"
1152:"Ephéméride Anarchiste 14 août"
774:Individualisme d'harmonie chez
487:of his controversial proposal.
262:, actively sought by police in
1593:. 12 August 1933. pp. 1–2
1314:. Syllepse. pp. 316–318.
1233:"Ephéméride Anarchiste 6 mars"
1177:"Hem Day, Un libertaire belge"
790:, Sa vie, sa pensée, son Œuvre
614: : essai de bibliographie
586:Non-violence et action directe
537:, F. Piton, Bibliothèque de l'
197:, a small town in francophone
1:
1204:"1918-1945: Mise en contexte"
643:Deux Frères de bonne volonté
551:Alerte, voici les gaz !
316:"Circle of People's Studies"
219:German occupation of Belgium
2155:Belgian publishers (people)
1612:Jean-François Füeg (1993).
2201:
1558:. pp. 1366, 1359–1377
877:"Dieu Marcel, dit Hem Day"
521:Bakounine et sa Confession
376:and all "dissemination of
236:the state of Massachusetts
2165:Politicians from Brussels
1550:Dorien K. de Man (2014).
1456:"Objection de conscience"
745:GĂ©rard de Lacaze-Duthiers
736:GĂ©rard de Lacaze-Duthiers
531:, No. 155-156, 1935.
439:Secretary General of NATO
131:editor-publisher-compiler
97:Editor-publisher-compiler
27:
1501:. Alternative Libertaire
1433:Ad majorem Culi gloriam!
1183:. alternative libertaire
796:Bibliographie de Hem Day
409:the case of Hem Day and
306:his own preferences for
2130:Historians of anarchism
1399:"Revolutionary Bandits"
681:objecteur de conscience
483:and the abandonment by
481:conscientious objectors
360:Conscientious Objection
159:In 1933, together with
2125:Libertarian socialists
843:Le Combat syndicaliste
2160:Writers from Brussels
1047:"Hem Day (1902-1969)"
1012:"Hem Day (1902-1969)"
944:"Hem Day (1902-1969)"
836:Histoire du chant de
594:, Section belge de l'
582:, No. 123, 1946.
565:, No. 103, 1939.
529:La Brochure mensuelle
374:"pacifist propaganda"
142:libertarian socialist
108:Libertarian socialist
920:Jean-François Füeg.
747: : le pacifiste
704:Louise Michel, poète
578:, Bibliothèque de l'
558:Étienne de La Boétie
541:, No. 67, 1936.
476:"livrets militaires"
386:"livrets militaires"
378:antimilitarist ideas
248:Buenaventura Durruti
94:Essayist-commentator
1360:. Indymédia Bruxsel
1311:De sueur et de sang
1181:Portrait anarchiste
452:The verdict of the
390:Kellogg–Briand Pact
370:Minister of Defence
342:and, till 1942, to
2150:Belgian Freemasons
2135:Belgian anarchists
811:Autour d'un procès
630:André Prudhommeaux
508:Output (selection)
260:Louis Mercier-Vega
165:"livret militaire"
2140:Belgian pacifists
1321:978-2-84950-509-0
1202:Nicolas Inghels.
802:Bibliographie de
714: : 1830-1905
710:Bibliographie de
447:Wall Street crash
332:German occupation
283:Spanish Civil War
113:
112:
2192:
2145:Belgian atheists
2104:
2095:
2089:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2053:
2047:
2038:
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2016:
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1663:Xavier Beckært.
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1490:Xavier Bekaert.
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838:L'Internationale
804:Michel Bakounine
728:Francisco Ferrer
574:, Les Amis de l'
443:Great Depression
435:political career
431:Paul-Henri Spaak
398:military service
244:Francisco Ascaso
195:Houdeng-Goegnies
146:Paul-Henri Spaak
44:Houdeng-Goegnies
32:
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2019:
2008:
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761:SĂ©bastien Faure
667:Manuel Devaldès
510:
493:
491:Editorial focus
384:returned their
362:
344:SĂ©bastien Faure
324:Southern France
272:Port of Antwerp
270:from the great
203:"black country"
191:
183:First World War
106:
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569:Souvenirs sur
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420:Isabelle Blume
361:
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352:he joined the
252:Gregorio Jover
190:
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138:antimilitarist
111:
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104:antimilitarist
90:
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70:14 August 1969
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708:
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690:Louise Michel
687:
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657:Élisée Reclus
654:
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645:Élisée Reclus
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576:artistocratie
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563:artistocratie
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473:
472:Messrs. Spaak
467:
465:
464:hunger strike
460:
455:
454:"War Council"
450:
448:
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89:Occupation(s)
87:
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75:
69:
65:
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53:
49:
45:
39:
35:
31:
26:
17:
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2005:
1990:
1975:
1960:
1945:
1930:
1915:
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1885:
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1855:
1841:
1826:
1811:
1795:
1780:
1764:
1748:
1733:
1717:
1701:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1668:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1620:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1590:
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1555:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1528:
1503:. Retrieved
1498:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1459:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1432:
1419:
1407:. Retrieved
1402:
1392:
1383:
1362:. Retrieved
1351:
1339:. Retrieved
1330:
1310:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1286:
1283:"Circulaire"
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1210:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1180:
1155:. Retrieved
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1080:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1053:
1023:. Retrieved
1018:
988:. Retrieved
961:. Retrieved
947:
937:
925:. Retrieved
888:. Retrieved
835:
829:
820:
810:
801:
795:
786:
773:
767:
758:
752:
743:
734:
725:
719:
709:
703:
688:
683:et de raison
678:
664:
655:
642:
633:
619:
610:
601:
591:
585:
568:
556:
550:
544:
534:
524:
520:
514:
502:
494:
485:the minister
468:
451:
428:
424:
406:"War Council
394:
363:
348:
340:Émile Armand
315:
313:
280:
276:
240:
228:
224:
207:a vegetarian
202:
192:
178:
174:
173:
169:
158:
150:a vegetarian
115:
114:
2180:1969 deaths
2175:1902 births
1425:LĂ©o Campion
815:LĂ©o Campion
781:Paul Avrich
694:Jules Verne
679:Bible de l'
669:, 1875-1956
523:, suivi de
459:LĂ©o Campion
411:LĂ©o Campion
382:LĂ©o Campion
308:nonviolence
211:World War I
175:Marcel Dieu
161:LĂ©o Campion
123:book dealer
116:Marcel Dieu
92:Book dealer
48:La Louvière
40:30 May 1902
20:Marcel Dieu
2114:Categories
1591:La Volonté
1085:Le Maitron
881:Le Maitron
851:References
498:in 1939/40
445:after the
1429:"Hem Day"
788:E. Armand
776:Han Ryner
702:suivi de
649:Han Ryner
571:Han Ryner
416:Han Ryner
336:Han Ryner
295:Barcelona
268:Argentina
189:Biography
2098:WorldCat
2025:WorldCat
1769:WorldCat
1753:WorldCat
1722:WorldCat
1706:WorldCat
1690:WorldCat
822:Zo d’Axa
700:" ?
635:Ernestan
621:Ernestan
612:Ernestan
603:Ernestan
199:Wallonia
135:militant
127:essayist
101:Militant
78:Brussels
56:Wallonia
845:, 1970.
402:Campion
350:In 1945
179:Hem Day
154:butcher
120:Belgian
82:Belgium
60:Belgium
52:Hainaut
22:Hem Day
2102:notice
2087:notice
2072:notice
2060:notice
2045:notice
2029:notice
2014:notice
1999:notice
1984:notice
1969:notice
1954:notice
1939:notice
1924:notice
1909:notice
1894:notice
1879:notice
1864:notice
1849:notice
1835:notice
1820:notice
1804:notice
1789:notice
1773:notice
1757:notice
1742:notice
1726:notice
1710:notice
1694:notice
1466:
1318:
954:
673:notice
598:, 1949
535:Érasme
368:, the
264:France
217:. The
1800:Sudoc
1675:7 May
1648:7 May
1627:7 May
1617:(PDF)
1597:7 May
1562:7 May
1535:4 May
1505:6 May
1495:(PDF)
1475:6 May
1439:6 May
1409:6 May
1364:5 May
1341:5 May
1293:5 May
1267:5 May
1258:(PDF)
1238:5 May
1217:5 May
1207:(PDF)
1187:5 May
1157:5 May
1136:5 May
1115:5 May
1094:5 May
1060:5 May
1050:(PDF)
1025:5 May
1015:(PDF)
990:5 May
963:4 May
927:4 May
890:4 May
813:avec
628:Avec
320:Nimes
318:) in
293:. In
287:Spain
74:Evere
1677:2022
1650:2022
1629:2022
1599:2022
1564:2022
1537:2022
1507:2022
1477:2022
1464:ISBN
1441:2022
1411:2022
1366:2022
1343:2022
1316:ISBN
1295:2022
1269:2022
1240:2022
1219:2022
1189:2022
1159:2022
1138:2022
1117:2022
1096:2022
1062:2022
1027:2022
992:2022
965:2022
952:ISBN
929:2022
892:2022
330:and
301:and
250:and
140:and
67:Died
37:Born
2083:BNF
2056:BNF
2041:BNF
2010:BNF
1995:BNF
1980:BNF
1965:BNF
1950:BNF
1935:BNF
1920:BNF
1905:BNF
1890:BNF
1875:BNF
1862:-
1860:BNF
1833:-
1831:BNF
1816:BNF
1787:-
1785:BNF
1738:BNF
647:et
328:war
303:DAI
299:CNT
80:),
58:),
50:),
2116::
2100:-
2085:-
2058:-
2043:-
2027:-
2012:-
1997:-
1982:-
1967:-
1952:-
1937:-
1922:-
1907:-
1892:-
1877:-
1818:-
1802:-
1771:-
1755:-
1740:-
1724:-
1708:-
1692:-
1667:.
1619:.
1589:.
1554:.
1527:.
1515:^
1497:.
1458:.
1431:.
1427:.
1401:.
1374:^
1285:.
1260:.
1209:.
1179:.
1167:^
1087::
1083:.
1079:.
1052:.
1035:^
1017:.
1000:^
973:^
946:.
900:^
883::
879:.
859:^
841:,
779:,
692:,
632:,
527:,
466:.
449:.
356:.
346:.
274:.
246:,
156:.
133:,
129:,
125:,
2031:.
1806:.
1775:.
1759:.
1728:.
1712:.
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1566:.
1539:.
1509:.
1479:.
1443:.
1413:.
1368:.
1345:.
1324:.
1297:.
1271:.
1242:.
1221:.
1191:.
1161:.
1140:.
1119:.
1098:.
1064:.
1029:.
994:.
967:.
931:.
894:.
675:.
322:(
76:(
54:(
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
