228:
1163:
282:. The Copernicus ejecta sampled suggested that the Copernicus impact occurred about 800 million years ago, but geologists believe the results of this analysis are inconclusive. The Apollo 12 astronauts also noted the existence of small, shallow elongated depressions ("trenches" or "grooves") similar to those the
301:
in the Apollo 12 rocks) and to have fewer craters overall than
Tranquility Base; because of this, geologists suspected the site chosen for Apollo 12 contained younger rocks than those of the Apollo 11 site, and this was confirmed by the samples returned by Apollo 12. These samples consisted of more
310:
than the Apollo 11 samples and the basalts are about 500 million years younger than those from
Tranquility base, the latter of which geologists estimate to be about 3.6 to 3.8 billion years old. The differing ages of the basalts collected on Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 demonstrate that the volcanic
27:
294:; Shoemaker et al. preliminarily concluded in 1970 that these features reflected the direction and location of fractures in the underlying bedrock, into which fine-grained material settled, thereby creating the grooves.
267:'s capability of precise lunar landings. The location also provided a relatively smooth Mare surface and a proximity to the lunar equator, thus ensuring relative ease of access from the standpoint of fuel consumption.
157:
mountain range, part of the rim of the buried crater or basin containing the mare. Previously unnamed, the mare received its name in 1964 in reference to its selection as the target for the successful
297:
Overall, Statio
Cognitum and the surrounding area appears to have a slightly more red coloration from lunar orbit than Tranquility Base (which geologists later found to be the result of less
1177:
1616:
961:
1941:
1673:
1745:
1463:
1082:
1150:
1145:
1140:
274:
and present at the bottoms of shallow craters at the site, as well as lighter-colored regolith material that geologists later determined to be
227:
568:
1182:
954:
44:
1256:
1792:
1740:
1135:
1130:
1851:
1601:
1936:
1709:
947:
263:, which had been on the Moon since 1967. Named "Statio Cognitum" the site's closeness to its intended target demonstrated
1755:
1750:
1623:
1075:
1883:
1873:
1596:
1197:
315:
did not occur all at once across the lunar surface, but rather took place at different times at different locations.
239:, and other equipment and local craters are labeled (click to enlarge). The astronauts' footprints are still visible.
1978:
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928:
561:
279:
37:
1973:
1549:
1107:
367:"Ages and stratigraphy of mare basalts in Oceanus Procellarum, Mare Nubium, Mare Cognitum, and Mare Insularum"
1611:
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1068:
435:
1931:
1841:
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1218:
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1268:
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793:
702:
554:
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1760:
1018:
528:
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1503:
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1251:
1187:
1030:
1006:
591:
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232:
212:
150:
1831:
1042:
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1983:
1856:
1573:
1455:
748:
637:
396:
291:
1649:
905:
849:
798:
753:
627:
165:
1915:
1993:
1863:
1766:
1581:
1488:
1468:
982:
910:
854:
783:
687:
667:
386:
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102:
414:
1846:
1825:
1787:
889:
803:
768:
738:
180:
154:
1836:
382:
1091:
970:
813:
773:
763:
728:
682:
657:
1967:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1213:
874:
864:
839:
818:
743:
733:
672:
662:
632:
612:
188:
177:
146:
203:
lunar probe impacted Mare
Cognitum at the conclusion of its picture-taking mission.
1772:
869:
844:
778:
758:
712:
707:
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692:
652:
647:
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622:
400:
158:
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823:
677:
607:
244:
496:
1644:
808:
788:
577:
312:
260:
236:
204:
142:
939:
59:
46:
1808:
1724:
1543:
1392:
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1377:
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1228:
1047:
1035:
1023:
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216:
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26:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1445:
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1352:
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1337:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1233:
1223:
391:
366:
298:
271:
200:
161:
76:
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Geologically, the astronauts noted the amount of glass contained in the
307:
1893:
1661:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1435:
1306:
1301:
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1291:
448:
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86:
1493:
1483:
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497:"Preliminary Geologic Investigation of the Apollo 12 Landing Site"
226:
1060:
1868:
264:
164:, the first American spacecraft to return closeup images of the
1064:
943:
550:
31:
Mare
Cognitum. Fra Mauro is the gray region in the upper right.
546:
126:
111:
120:
114:
117:
108:
123:
1924:
1882:
1817:
1801:
1733:
1702:
1686:
1632:
1558:
1535:
1502:
1454:
1401:
1330:
1284:
1277:
1244:
1206:
1170:
1123:
898:
832:
721:
600:
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211:landed near its northern shore. The outcrop of the
129:
105:
85:
75:
36:
1942:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
1076:
955:
562:
8:
1954:Symbol indicates failure or partial failure
219:landed, is also located near Mare Cognitum.
19:
342:
340:
1281:
1161:
1083:
1069:
1061:
962:
948:
940:
569:
555:
547:
25:
449:"Pinpoint Landing on the Ocean of Storms"
417:. NASA's Solar System Exploration website
390:
141:, the "Sea that has Become Known") is a
336:
91:Sea That Has Become Known, or Known Sea
523:
521:
495:Shoemaker, E. M.; et al. (1970).
436:"Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report"
153:. To the northwest of the mare is the
18:
490:
488:
354:. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
7:
1639:
1617:50th Anniversary commemorative coins
994:
504:Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report
438:, NASA Special Publication 235, 1970
231:Aerial view of Statio Cognitum; the
365:Hiesinger, H.; et al. (2003).
352:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
14:
529:"Apollo 12 Lunar Sample Overview"
471:"Apollo 12 Landing Site Overview"
243:On November 19, 1969, astronauts
149:which sits in the second ring of
101:
1869:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment
531:. Lunar and Planetary Institute
473:. Lunar and Planetary Institute
371:Journal of Geophysical Research
1694:"Houston, we've had a problem"
1183:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station
1:
1937:Stolen and missing Moon rocks
1710:Modular Equipment Transporter
176:The basin material is of the
145:located in a basin or large
81:350 kilometers (220 mi)
1874:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
1198:Manned Space Flight Network
259:within walking distance of
2010:
1257:Command and Service Module
1159:
451:. Arizona State University
1950:
1115:List of Apollo astronauts
1098:
978:
929:List of maria on the Moon
924:
311:activity that formed the
24:
187:mare material is of the
286:astronauts observed at
1932:Lunar orbit rendezvous
1793:Postal covers incident
1783:Hadley Rille meteorite
1657:Bench Crater meteorite
1178:Mission Control Center
240:
1602:Lunar sample displays
325:Volcanism on the Moon
230:
1852:Lunar sample display
1842:Nansen-Apollo crater
1269:Lunar Roving Vehicle
1245:Spacecraft and rover
1193:Kennedy Space Center
392:10.1029/2002JE001985
183:, while most of the
1715:Fra Mauro formation
1676:Streptococcus mitis
1188:Crawler-transporter
1031:Descartes Highlands
1007:Fra Mauro formation
973:lunar landing sites
383:2003JGRE..108.5065H
213:Fra Mauro formation
151:Oceanus Procellarum
56: /
21:
16:Feature on the moon
1857:Lunar basalt 70017
1818:Apollo 17 specific
1802:Apollo 16 specific
1734:Apollo 15 specific
1703:Apollo 14 specific
1687:Apollo 13 specific
1633:Apollo 12 specific
1624:In popular culture
1592:Little West crater
1559:Apollo 11 specific
292:Sea of Tranquility
241:
1979:Maria on the Moon
1961:
1960:
1597:Goodwill messages
1536:Apollo 8 specific
1531:
1530:
1252:Apollo spacecraft
1171:Ground facilities
1141:Launch Complex 39
1136:Launch Complex 37
1131:Launch Complex 34
1108:canceled missions
1058:
1057:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
1003:
991:
937:
936:
280:Copernicus crater
95:
94:
2001:
1864:Troctolite 76535
1767:Fallen Astronaut
1746:Lunar operations
1582:Tranquility Base
1489:Pad Abort Test-2
1469:Pad Abort Test-1
1282:
1165:
1124:Launch complexes
1103:List of missions
1085:
1078:
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1045:
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983:Tranquility Base
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288:Tranquility Base
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68:
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1974:LQ19 quadrangle
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1946:
1920:
1886:
1878:
1826:The Blue Marble
1813:
1797:
1788:Seatbelt basalt
1761:Hadley–Apennine
1756:Return to Earth
1751:Solo operations
1729:
1698:
1682:
1650:Surveyor crater
1640:Statio Cognitum
1628:
1566:Command Module
1554:
1550:Genesis reading
1527:
1498:
1450:
1411:Saturn-Apollo 1
1403:
1397:
1326:
1273:
1240:
1207:Launch vehicles
1202:
1166:
1157:
1119:
1094:
1089:
1059:
1054:
1019:Hadley–Apennine
995:Statio Cognitum
974:
968:
938:
933:
920:
894:
828:
717:
703:Tranquillitatis
596:
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348:"Mare Cognitum"
346:
345:
338:
333:
321:
235:descent stage,
225:
223:Statio Cognitum
197:
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155:Montes Riphaeus
104:
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1832:Taurus–Littrow
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1092:Apollo program
1090:
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1080:
1073:
1065:
1056:
1055:
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1043:Taurus–Littrow
1040:
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1016:
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794:Perseverantiae
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166:Moon's surface
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40:
34:
33:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
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2006:
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1847:Shorty crater
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1612:Anniversaries
1610:
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1607:Missing tapes
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1587:Double crater
1585:
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1574:Lunar Module
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1214:Little Joe II
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189:Upper Imbrian
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178:Pre-Nectarian
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98:Mare Cognitum
90:
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74:
69:
60:10.5°S 22.3°W
41:
39:
35:
28:
23:
20:Mare Cognitum
1916:Apollo–Soyuz
1837:Tracy's Rock
1824:
1773:Genesis Rock
1765:
1675:
1666:
1575:
1567:
1542:
1262:Lunar Module
749:Excellentiae
628:Fecunditatis
617:
533:. Retrieved
508:. Retrieved
503:
475:. Retrieved
465:
453:. Retrieved
443:
431:
419:. Retrieved
409:
377:(E7): 5065.
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296:
269:
257:Lunar Module
242:
233:Lunar Module
198:
175:
159:impact probe
138:
97:
96:
65:-10.5; -22.3
1887:capsule use
1884:Post-Apollo
1778:Great Scott
1678:on the Moon
1674:Reports of
1668:Moon Museum
1456:Abort tests
1404:development
906:Epidemiarum
850:Asperitatis
799:Solitudinis
754:Felicitatis
688:Serenitatis
668:Moscoviense
592:Procellarum
578:Lunar maria
535:22 December
510:22 December
477:22 December
455:22 December
245:Pete Conrad
195:Exploration
63: /
38:Coordinates
1968:Categories
1720:Big Bertha
1645:Surveyor 3
911:Putredinis
855:Concordiae
784:Oblivionis
415:"Ranger 7"
331:References
313:lunar mare
306:and fewer
261:Surveyor 3
237:Surveyor 3
205:Surveyor 3
143:lunar mare
1989:Apollo 14
1984:Apollo 12
1809:Big Muley
1725:Moon tree
1544:Earthrise
1393:Apollo 17
1388:Apollo 16
1383:Apollo 15
1378:Apollo 14
1373:Apollo 13
1368:Apollo 12
1363:Apollo 11
1358:Apollo 10
1229:Saturn IB
1048:Apollo 17
1036:Apollo 16
1024:Apollo 15
1012:Apollo 14
1000:Apollo 12
988:Apollo 11
890:Successus
804:Somniorum
769:Lenitatis
739:Bonitatis
683:Orientale
658:Insularum
506:: 113–156
284:Apollo 11
253:Apollo 12
249:Alan Bean
217:Apollo 14
209:Apollo 12
1568:Columbia
1446:Apollo 6
1441:Apollo 4
1353:Apollo 9
1348:Apollo 8
1343:Apollo 7
1338:Apollo 1
1322:Apollo 6
1317:Apollo 5
1312:Apollo 4
1285:Uncrewed
1234:Saturn V
1224:Saturn I
814:Temporis
774:Luxuriae
764:Hiemalis
729:Aestatis
673:Nectaris
663:Marginis
633:Frigoris
618:Cognitum
613:Australe
319:See also
308:breccias
299:titanium
272:regolith
215:, where
201:Ranger 7
185:basaltic
162:Ranger 7
139:cognitum
77:Diameter
1994:Imbrian
1925:Related
1741:Journey
1506:flights
1504:Pegasus
1278:Flights
899:Paludes
875:Lunicus
865:Honoris
840:Aestuum
819:Timoris
744:Doloris
734:Autumni
713:Vaporum
708:Undarum
698:Spumans
693:Smythii
653:Ingenii
648:Imbrium
643:Humorum
623:Crisium
585:Oceanus
401:9570915
379:Bibcode
304:basalts
290:in the
251:landed
191:epoch.
137:(Latin
51:22°18′W
48:10°30′S
1894:Skylab
1662:J002E3
1523:AS-105
1518:AS-104
1513:AS-103
1436:AS-203
1402:Saturn
1331:Crewed
1307:AS-202
1302:AS-201
1297:AS-102
1292:AS-101
1219:Saturn
971:Apollo
870:Iridum
845:Amoris
779:Mortis
759:Gaudii
678:Nubium
608:Anguis
421:1 June
399:
276:ejecta
172:Origin
147:crater
87:Eponym
1576:Eagle
1494:A-004
1484:A-003
1479:A-002
1474:A-001
916:Somni
885:Roris
880:Medii
860:Fidei
833:Sinus
824:Veris
722:Lacus
500:(PDF)
397:S2CID
278:from
181:epoch
1431:SA-5
1426:SA-4
1421:SA-3
1416:SA-2
809:Spei
789:Odii
601:Mare
537:2017
512:2017
479:2017
457:2017
423:2023
265:NASA
247:and
207:and
199:The
1464:QTV
387:doi
375:108
255:'s
1970::
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487:^
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373:.
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339:^
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1909:4
1904:3
1899:2
1151:B
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1084:e
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389::
381::
133:/
130:m
127:ə
124:t
121:ɪ
118:n
115:ɡ
112:ɒ
109:k
106:ˈ
103:/
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