398:, who was not a priest, reports incidents demonstrating Margaret's bravery after Louis was made prisoner in Egypt. For example, she decisively acted to assure a food supply for the Christians in Damietta and went so far as to ask the knight who guarded her bedchamber to kill her and her newborn son if the city should fall to the Arabs. She also convinced some of those who had been about to leave to remain in Damietta and defend it. Joinville also recounts incidents that demonstrate Margaret's good humor, as on one occasion when Joinville sent her some fine cloth and, when the queen saw his messenger arrive carrying them, she mistakenly knelt down thinking that he was bringing her holy relics. When she realized her mistake, she burst into laughter and ordered the messenger, "Tell your master evil days await him, for he has made me kneel to his camelines!"
437:
word and deed," and it is clear from the envoy's report that he was not impressed with her efforts to create an opportunity for herself to engage in affairs of state. After the death of her eldest son Louis in 1260, Margaret induced the next son, Philip, to swear an oath that no matter at what age he succeeded to the throne, he would remain under her tutelage until the age of thirty. When Louis found out about the oath, he immediately asked the pope to excuse Philip from the vow on the grounds that he himself had not authorized it, and the pope immediately obliged. This ended
Margaret's attempt to make herself a second Blanche of Castile. Margaret subsequently failed as well to influence her nephew King
402:
deliverance and to vow that when they reached France she would go on a pilgrimage and offer a golden ship with images of the king, herself and her children in thanks for their escape from the storm. Margaret could only reply that she dared not make such a vow without the king's permission, because when he discovered that she had done so, he would never let her make the pilgrimage. In the end, Joinville promised her that if she made the vow he would make the pilgrimage for her, and when they reached France he did so.
411:
40:
339:
295:
450:
maintained his political authority and control of property after
Beatrice's death, contrary to the intentions of Margaret and Beatrice's father, who had died in 1245. She was devoted to Eleanor, and they stayed in contact until Eleanor's death in 1291. Her last years were spent doing pious work, including the founding of the
350:
Margaret, like her sisters, was noted for her beauty. She was said to be "pretty with dark hair and fine eyes", and in the early years of their marriage she and Louis enjoyed a warm relationship. Her
Franciscan confessor, William de St. Pathus, related that on cold nights Margaret would place a robe
314:
and partly to meet
Margaret, whose grace and beauty were widely reported. Margaret and her father entertained the knight well, and soon Blanche was negotiating with the count of Provence about the marriage of a daughter of his and Blanche's son. Margaret was chosen as a good match for the king more
449:
After the death of Louis IX on his second crusade in 1270, during which she remained in France, she returned to
Provence. She became a more politically active figure after his death. She was particularly exigent – to the point of raising troops – in defending her rights in Provence, where Charles
436:
In later years, Louis became vexed with
Margaret's ambition. It seems that when it came to politics or diplomacy she was indeed ambitious, but somewhat inept. An English envoy at Paris in the 1250s reported to the English court, evidently in some disgust, that "the queen of France is tedious in
346:
The marriage was a difficult one in numerous aspects. Blanche still wielded strong influence over her son and would throughout her life. As a sign of her authority, Blanche dismissed
Margaret's uncles and all of the servants she had brought with her from her childhood shortly after the wedding.
401:
However, Joinville also remarked with noticeable disapproval that Louis rarely asked after his wife and children. In a moment of extreme danger during a terrible storm on the sea voyage back to France from the
Crusade, Margaret begged Joinville to do something to help; he told her to pray for
386:
Queen
Margaret was responsible for negotiations and gathering enough silver for his ransom. She was thus for a brief time the only woman ever to lead a crusade. In 1250, while in Damietta, where she earlier in the same year successfully maintained order, she gave birth to
351:
around Louis' shoulders, when her deeply religious husband rose to pray. Another anecdote recorded by St. Pathus related that
Margaret felt that Louis' plain clothing was unbecoming to his royal dignity, to which Louis replied that he would dress as she wished, if
362:
They enjoyed riding together, reading, and listening to music. The attentions of the king and court being drawn to the new queen only made Blanche more jealous, and she worked to keep the king and queen apart as much as possible.
465:
outside Paris. Her grave, beneath the altar steps, was never marked by a monument, so its location is unknown; probably for this reason, it was the only royal grave in the basilica that was not ransacked during the
418:
Her leadership during the crusade had brought her international prestige and after she returned to France, Margaret was often asked to mediate disputes. She feared the ambitions of her brother-in-law
441:
to avoid a marriage project for one of his daughters that would promote the interests in her native Provence of her brother-in-law, Charles of Anjou, who had married her youngest sister Beatrice.
433:
was concluded after the relationship between Louis and Henry had improved. Margaret was present during the negotiations along with all of her sisters and her mother.
1734:
1653:
1759:
1754:
1013:
545:
1749:
1769:
973:
550:
182:
845:
Robson, Michael (2007). "Queen Isabella (c.1295/1358) and the Greyfriars: An example of royal patronage based on her accounts for 1357/1358".
1528:
1414:
904:
835:
767:
563:
541:
286:. She was especially close to Eleanor, to whom she was close in age, and with whom she sustained friendly relationships until they grew old.
267:
217:
177:
1434:
1379:
573:
485:
192:
152:
1774:
1463:
1399:
983:
504:
1779:
1744:
1673:
1404:
516:
461:
monastery she had founded, on 20 December 1295, at the age of seventy-four. She was buried near (but not beside) her husband in the
1498:
1172:
494:
157:
1764:
1626:
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1424:
1037:
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167:
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1210:
535:
172:
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581:
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1215:
162:
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559:
328:
187:
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1245:
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311:
91:
53:
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1592:
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489:
430:
1354:
1314:
1235:
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1729:
1724:
1597:
1523:
1419:
1374:
1364:
1359:
1349:
1250:
532:(1250 – 3 August 1270), born in Egypt on his father's first Crusade and died in Tunisia on his second
500:
462:
423:
376:
283:
118:
319:
by her parents for the marriage treaty to be signed. From there, she was escorted to her wedding in
1664:
1582:
1429:
1187:
1167:
1048:
508:
438:
419:
279:
275:
1683:
1612:
1577:
1544:
1533:
1513:
1488:
1478:
1389:
1369:
1329:
1324:
1290:
966:
922:
862:
335:
the following day. Both the wedding and the coronation were celebrated at the cathedral of Sens.
307:
303:
251:
207:
129:
45:
39:
1557:
1473:
1439:
1409:
1344:
1334:
1275:
1255:
1220:
900:
831:
763:
467:
395:
383:
in 1249, it became a disaster after the king's brother was killed and the king then captured.
271:
227:
136:
107:
426:, as a counterweight. In 1254, she and her husband invited them to spend Christmas in Paris.
1636:
1602:
1568:
1508:
1493:
1384:
1205:
883:
854:
567:
324:
1587:
1449:
1319:
372:
332:
247:
239:
422:, though, and strengthened the bond with her sister Eleanor and Eleanor's husband, King
379:
also joined. Though initially the crusade met with some success, such as the capture of
1483:
1305:
1285:
747:
338:
17:
1718:
1458:
1295:
866:
788:
294:
1339:
1162:
315:
for her religious devotion and courtly manner than her beauty. She was escorted to
887:
331:. On 27 May 1234, at the age of thirteen, Margaret married Louis. She was crowned
1177:
1157:
1152:
1107:
1102:
458:
263:
87:
478:
King Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence had eleven children together:
1192:
1142:
1117:
1062:
451:
310:, sent one of her knights to Provence, partly to offset the troublesome Count
68:
897:
Berenguela of Castile (1180–1246) and Political Women in the High Middle Ages
1270:
1260:
1122:
1097:
1092:
1087:
930:
991:
858:
1225:
1196:
1147:
1137:
1132:
1112:
1072:
1067:
1057:
380:
414:
Posthumous depiction of Margaret in the 15th century Armorial d'Auvergne
1082:
202:
1077:
409:
337:
293:
103:
320:
316:
995:
874:
Sanders, I.J. (1951). "The Texts of the Peace of Paris, 1259".
828:
Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families
347:
Margaret and Blanche resented each other from the beginning.
790:
Eleanor of Provence: Queenship in Thirteenth-Century England
44:
Illustration of the tomb of Queen Margaret, formerly in the
598:
596:
779:
Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative
641:
639:
637:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
808:
Joinville; Villehardouin (2008). Smith, Caroline (ed.).
801:
Joinville and Villehardouin: Chronicles of the Crusades
705:
681:
799:
Joinville; Villehardouin (1963). Shaw, M.R.B. (ed.).
1682:
1663:
1635:
1611:
1567:
1542:
1448:
1304:
1186:
1047:
223:
213:
201:
135:
125:
113:
97:
81:
77:
67:
59:
52:
32:
787:
746:
1703:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
819:Conflicted Identities and Multiple Masculinities
566:, by whom he had issue. It is from him that the
760:Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia
503:(1 May 1245 – 5 October 1285), married firstly
853:. Franciscan Institute Publications: 325–348.
1007:
8:
262:Margaret was born in the spring of 1221 in
1014:
1000:
992:
913:
602:
488:(2 March 1241 – 28 January 1271), married
266:. She was the eldest of four daughters of
38:
29:
546:Ferdinand de la Cerda, Infante of Castile
645:
470:, and it probably remains intact today.
882:(258). Oxford University Press: 81–97.
717:
693:
669:
592:
457:Margaret herself died in Paris, at the
1735:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
729:
657:
614:
564:Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon
268:Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
218:Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence
7:
580:. 1260 – 19 December 1327), married
1760:Women in medieval European warfare
830:(2 ed.). Douglas Richardson.
706:Joinville & Villehardouin 2008
682:Joinville & Villehardouin 1963
562:(1256 – 7 February 1317), married
519:, by whom he had issue, including
507:, by whom he had issue, including
371:Margaret accompanied Louis on the
25:
1755:Christians of the Seventh Crusade
1674:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
497:(25 February 1244 – January 1260)
1750:Christians of the Sixth Crusade
753:. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday.
454:nunnery of Lourcines in 1289.
246:; 1221 – 20 December 1295) was
482:Blanche (1240 – 29 April 1243)
298:Marriage of Margeret and Louis
1:
1770:Women in 13th-century warfare
1425:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
1038:List of French royal consorts
876:The English Historical Review
758:Emmerson, Richard K. (2013).
168:John Tristan, Count of Valois
142:
1469:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
826:Richardson, Douglas (2011).
526:John (born and died in 1248)
183:Margaret, Duchess of Brabant
63:27 May 1234 – 25 August 1270
888:10.1093/ehr/lxvi.cclviii.81
817:Murray, Jacqueline (1999).
794:. Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
745:Costain, Thomas B. (1951).
720:, p. 105-106, 120–125.
582:Robert II, Duke of Burgundy
274:. Her younger sisters were
178:Blanche, Infanta of Castile
1811:
1775:13th-century French people
1216:Desiderata of the Lombards
810:Chronicles of the Crusades
375:(their first). Her sister
367:During the Seventh Crusade
193:Agnes, Duchess of Burgundy
163:Philip III, King of France
153:Isabella, Queen of Navarre
101:20 December 1295 (aged 74)
27:Queen of France, 1234–1270
1780:13th-century French women
1701:
1027:
980:
971:
958:
951:
916:
786:Howell, Margaret (2001).
777:Hodgson, Natasha (2007).
570:descend in the male line.
560:Robert, Count of Clermont
188:Robert, Count of Clermont
37:
1745:Queens consort of France
1647:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
1622:Joséphine de Beauharnais
1022:Royal consorts of France
513:Charles, Count of Valois
342:Margaret's seal as queen
284:Queen Beatrice of Sicily
280:Queen Sanchia of Germany
276:Queen Eleanor of England
1033:List of Frankish queens
974:Queen consort of France
895:Shadis, Miriam (2010).
803:. NY: Penguin Classics.
749:The Magnificent Century
568:Bourbon kings of France
555:John I, Duke of Brabant
312:Raymond VII of Toulouse
92:Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
54:Queen consort of France
1765:Women in war in France
1639:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
1593:Maria Theresa of Spain
1281:Beatrice of Vermandois
1128:Brunhilda of Austrasia
899:. Palgrave Macmillan.
515:; he married secondly
490:Theobald II of Navarre
415:
406:Political significance
343:
299:
243:
173:Peter, Count of Perche
18:Marguerite de Provence
1355:Adelaide of Maurienne
1315:Adelaide of Aquitaine
1246:Ermentrude of Orléans
1236:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
918:Margaret of Provence
859:10.1353/frc.2007.0006
553:(1254–1271), married
544:(1253–1323), married
413:
341:
297:
1790:French queen mothers
1529:Elisabeth of Austria
1519:Catherine de' Medici
1420:Clementia of Hungary
1415:Margaret of Burgundy
1395:Margaret of Provence
1375:Isabella of Hainault
1365:Constance of Castile
1360:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1350:Bertrade of Montfort
1251:Richilde of Provence
928:Cadet branch of the
501:Philip III of France
463:Basilica of St-Denis
424:Henry III of England
236:Margaret of Provence
119:Saint Denis Basilica
33:Margaret of Provence
1795:Daughters of counts
1435:Marie of Luxembourg
1430:Blanche of Burgundy
1380:Ingeborg of Denmark
1266:Théodrate of Troyes
1168:Balthild of Chelles
812:. Penguin Classics.
696:, pp. 167–170.
684:, pp. 262–263.
672:, pp. 125–126.
509:Philip IV of France
439:Edward I of England
429:Then, in 1259, the
1785:Louis IX of France
1693:Eugénie de Montijo
1684:House of Bonaparte
1613:House of Bonaparte
1578:Margaret of Valois
1545:House of Lancaster
1534:Louise of Lorraine
1514:Eleanor of Austria
1489:Charlotte of Savoy
1479:Isabeau of Bavaria
1464:Blanche of Navarre
1400:Isabella of Aragon
1390:Blanche of Castile
1370:Adela of Champagne
1330:Constance of Arles
1325:Bertha of Burgundy
1291:Gerberga of Saxony
984:Isabella of Aragon
967:Blanche of Castile
963:Title next held by
923:House of Barcelona
847:Franciscan Studies
521:Margaret of France
505:Isabella of Aragon
416:
344:
308:Louis IX of France
304:Blanche of Castile
300:
130:Louis IX of France
46:Abbey of St. Denis
1712:
1711:
1615:(1804–1814; 1815)
1598:Marie Leszczyńska
1558:Margaret of Anjou
1474:Joanna of Bourbon
1410:Joan I of Navarre
1345:Bertha of Holland
1335:Matilda of Frisia
1276:Eadgifu of Wessex
1256:Adelaide of Paris
1241:Judith of Bavaria
990:
989:
981:Succeeded by
906:978-0-312-23473-7
837:978-1-461-04513-7
769:978-1-136-77519-2
660:, pp. 17–19.
468:French Revolution
396:Jean de Joinville
306:, mother of King
272:Beatrice of Savoy
233:
232:
228:Beatrice of Savoy
16:(Redirected from
1802:
1665:House of Orléans
1637:House of Bourbon
1603:Marie Antoinette
1583:Marie de' Medici
1569:House of Bourbon
1509:Claude of France
1494:Anne of Brittany
1459:Joan of Burgundy
1405:Marie of Brabant
1385:Agnes of Merania
1206:Bertrada of Laon
1016:
1009:
1002:
993:
947:
946:21 December 1295
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517:Maria of Brabant
250:by marriage to
146:
42:
30:
21:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1740:House of Aragon
1715:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1697:
1678:
1659:
1631:
1607:
1588:Anne of Austria
1563:
1538:
1450:House of Valois
1444:
1320:Rozala of Italy
1300:
1191:
1182:
1043:
1042:
1023:
1020:
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621:
613:
609:
603:Richardson 2011
601:
594:
590:
476:
447:
431:Treaty of Paris
408:
394:The chronicler
373:Seventh Crusade
369:
333:queen of France
329:Thomas of Savoy
292:
260:
248:Queen of France
197:
158:Louis of France
143:among others...
140:
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121:
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86:
48:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
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1516:
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1506:
1501:
1499:Joan of France
1496:
1491:
1486:
1484:Marie of Anjou
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1440:Joan of Évreux
1437:
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1407:
1402:
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1392:
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1347:
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1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1306:House of Capet
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1286:Emma of France
1283:
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1019:
1018:
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982:
979:
970:
962:
956:
955:
953:French royalty
949:
948:
927:
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912:
911:
905:
892:
871:
842:
836:
823:
814:
805:
796:
783:
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768:
755:
740:
737:
735:
734:
732:, p. 328.
722:
710:
698:
686:
674:
662:
650:
648:, p. 448.
619:
607:
605:, p. 121.
591:
589:
586:
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571:
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548:
539:
533:
527:
524:
498:
492:
483:
475:
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446:
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407:
404:
368:
365:
323:by her uncles
291:
288:
259:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1656:
1655:
1654:Marie-Thérèse
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
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1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
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1454:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
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1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
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1388:
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1383:
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1378:
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1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1296:Emma of Italy
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
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1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
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1201:
1198:
1194:
1189:
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1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
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1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
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1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
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1076:
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1046:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
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1026:
1017:
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1005:
1003:
998:
997:
994:
985:
976:
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969:
968:
961:
957:
954:
950:
945:
938:
933:
932:
925:
924:
915:
908:
902:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
839:
833:
829:
824:
820:
815:
811:
806:
802:
797:
792:
791:
784:
780:
775:
771:
765:
762:. Routledge.
761:
756:
751:
750:
743:
742:
738:
731:
726:
723:
719:
714:
711:
707:
702:
699:
695:
690:
687:
683:
678:
675:
671:
666:
663:
659:
654:
651:
647:
646:Emmerson 2013
642:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
608:
604:
599:
597:
593:
587:
583:
579:
575:
572:
569:
565:
561:
558:
556:
552:
549:
547:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
496:
493:
491:
487:
484:
481:
480:
479:
473:
471:
469:
464:
460:
455:
453:
445:Queen dowager
444:
442:
440:
434:
432:
427:
425:
421:
412:
405:
403:
399:
397:
392:
390:
384:
382:
378:
374:
366:
364:
360:
358:
354:
348:
340:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
309:
305:
296:
289:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
257:
255:
253:
252:King Louis IX
249:
245:
241:
237:
229:
226:
222:
219:
216:
212:
209:
206:
204:
200:
194:
191:
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176:
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145:
144:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
100:
96:
93:
89:
84:
80:
76:
72:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1704:
1652:
1645:
1627:Marie Louise
1556:
1548:
1543:
1394:
1340:Anne of Kiev
1188:Carolingians
1163:Bertechildis
1049:Merovingians
972:
965:
959:
943:
936:
929:
921:
896:
879:
875:
850:
846:
827:
818:
809:
800:
789:
778:
759:
748:
725:
718:Hodgson 2007
713:
701:
694:Hodgson 2007
689:
677:
670:Costain 1951
665:
653:
617:, p. 3.
610:
577:
530:John Tristan
477:
456:
448:
435:
428:
417:
400:
393:
389:John Tristan
385:
370:
361:
356:
352:
349:
345:
301:
261:
235:
234:
141:
1730:1295 deaths
1725:1221 births
1686:(1852–1870)
1667:(1830–1848)
1571:(1589–1792)
1549:(1422–1453)
1524:Mary Stuart
1452:(1328–1589)
1178:Chrothildis
1158:Wulfefundis
1153:Ragintrudis
1108:Austregilde
1103:Theudechild
939:Spring 1221
730:Robson 2007
658:Shadis 2010
615:Howell 2001
538:(1251–1284)
459:Poor Clares
355:dressed as
264:Forcalquier
88:Forcalquier
85:Spring 1221
73:28 May 1234
1719:Categories
1504:Mary Tudor
1308:(987–1328)
1193:Robertians
1143:Gomentrude
1118:Galswintha
1063:Ultragotha
978:1234–1270
781:. Boydell.
588:References
452:Franciscan
258:Early life
244:Marguerite
69:Coronation
1271:Frederuna
1261:Richardis
1221:Hildegard
1199:(751–987)
1173:Bilichild
1123:Fredegund
1098:Marcovefa
1093:Merofleda
1088:Ingoberga
1051:(509–751)
931:Bellonids
867:201794690
302:In 1233,
208:Barcelona
1231:Luitgard
1226:Fastrada
1211:Gerberga
1197:Bosonids
1148:Nanthild
1138:Sichilde
1133:Bertrude
1113:Audovera
1073:Radegund
1068:Guntheuc
1058:Clotilde
551:Margaret
486:Isabella
381:Damietta
377:Beatrice
359:wished.
1705:italics
1083:Aregund
739:Sources
542:Blanche
420:Charles
325:William
1078:Ingund
960:Vacant
942:
903:
865:
834:
766:
282:, and
270:, and
240:French
224:Mother
214:Father
126:Spouse
114:Burial
108:France
60:Tenure
944:Died:
937:Born:
863:S2CID
574:Agnes
536:Peter
495:Louis
474:Issue
290:Queen
203:House
137:Issue
104:Paris
1195:and
901:ISBN
832:ISBN
764:ISBN
511:and
327:and
321:Sens
317:Lyon
98:Died
82:Born
884:doi
855:doi
353:she
1721::
880:66
878:.
861:.
851:65
849:.
622:^
595:^
391:.
357:he
278:,
254:.
242::
106:,
90:,
1707:.
1190:,
1015:e
1008:t
1001:v
909:.
890:.
886::
869:.
857::
840:.
821:.
772:.
708:.
578:c
576:(
523:.
238:(
20:)
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