209:(ECA) in a post sponsored by the Swedish International Development Agency aimed to create an African Regional Programme on Advancement of Women. In that position, she was responsible for the first data base of statistics on women to include an entire geographical region, for itinerant training courses for rural development workers from governments and NGOs, seminars on the creation of "national machineries" such as women's bureaux and national commissions on women, national bibliographies of writings about women, and other activities. She was a co-founder of ECA's African Training and Research Centre for Women, which was to become a model for similar women's programs worldwide, while she also served as first head of the commission's Voluntary Agencies Bureau.
266:, and colleagues laid the foundations for the Sirleaf Market Women's Fund, which honors Africa's first elected woman President and assists Liberia to restore community markets and provide education and financial support to market women after 14 years of civil war. She was also a member of the Board of the Green Belt Movement International that supports Kenya's Green Belt Movement by sponsoring information activities and mobilizes resources for the work in Kenya. She was an International Election Observer in 1992 in Ethiopia; 1995 in Tanzania; 1996 in Uganda; and 2000 in Zanzibar. She died on January 26, 2021.
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yet fully understood by many senior UN and UNDP staff, who sought to move it away from UN headquarters and/or locate it at administratively low levels. The other major obstacle arose when some politicians successfully sought the withdrawal of the US government's annual contributions to its core resources (but not to those of its Middle East project partner, UNICEF). Pressure from the
Consultative Committee to the Fund, led by Therese Spens of UK, and from a group of NGOs, led to restoration of the US contribution, but at a lower level.
216:(UNIFEM). In that position she expanded the scope of her activities beyond Africa to include Asia, the Pacific, Latin America, and the Caribbean. UNIFEM started innovative and experimental programs aimed at improving women's situation and status throughout the world. Its major fields of concentration were economic and political empowerment. For example, it was the first to provide a large scale grant to the Green Belt Movement of Kenya, whose leader, Professor
239:, VFDW moved as UNIFEM to autonomous association with the UNDP in 1985. It worked in cooperation with organizations such as UNICEF and UNDP in the UN system, non-governmental organizations and national governments of low income countries, and national development investment programs such as USAID, SIDA and Canadian CIDA. Its resources came entirely from voluntary contributions rather than from the assessed contributions of governments to the United Nations.
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170:, who would be the nation's first president) then sought her assistance with planning a Kenya Women's Seminar to consult women from throughout the country about what roles women should play in an independent Kenya. After two national seminars, Tanganyika and Uganda were included in an East African Women's Seminar.
162:-year in Africa in 1961 changed the course of her career. Invited by the Kenya African Women's Association to work with African women in Kenya, she initially assisted the "Kennedy Airlifts" that brought students to American colleges in preparation for Kenyan independence in 1964. Kenyan women, led by
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UNIFEM faced two major obstacles during its initial decade under Snyder's leadership. Although units/programs directed to women's advancement were being established at national levels, the UN's institutionalizing the growing world concern for equity and justice for women through VFDW/UNIFEM was not
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and traveled worldwide to visit activities sponsored by UNIFEM a decade before, with grants from the Ford and
Rockefeller Foundations. She wrote the histories of the African Training and Research Centre for Women at UNECA (with co-author Mary Tadesse) and of UNIFEM. She then received a Fulbright
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When her sabbatical year was over, Snyder decided to give up her position at Le Moyne in order to stay on in Africa, where, sponsored by the Women's Africa
Committee, she would serve as an adviser to Umoja wa Wanawake wa Tanganyika (UWT) and continue her work with various groups in Kenya and
235:. Two types of activities pioneered by UNIFEM for the whole UN system were direct support to national non-governmental organizations rather than solely to governments, and creation of revolving loan funds owned by community groups. Initially administratively located in the
186:, and was assigned as field director of their Ford Foundation assisted doctoral dissertation research on village settlements in Tanzania, with an opportunity to complete her own dissertation research there. She also worked as a consultant to the
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Snyder retired from UNIFEM in 1989. Following her retirement, she continued to serve as senior advisor to the UN and the United
Nations Development Programme. In 1992-93 she was a visiting fellow at
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Snyder returned to
Tanzania (the new name for the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar) in 1970 to complete her research while tutoring students. In 1971 she received a Ph.D. in sociology from the
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A study of the proposed "Equal rights amendment" to the United States
Constitution: with particular emphasis on its effects upon the status of women and the position of the family in America
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In 1978 Snyder accepted a position with the United
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award to allow her to spend the 1994–95 academic year teaching at the newly established Women's
Studies Programme for MA candidates at
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in 2011. She was also a co-founder of Women's World
Banking and of the African Training and Research Centre for Women.
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Once programs such as these were evaluated as effective, many were adopted or replicated by major funds including the
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in 1952. Her M.S. thesis at
Catholic University was a study of potential effects of the proposal for an
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178:. In 1965 she became assistant director for the Programme of Eastern African Studies of
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358:, Fraser, Arvonne and Irene Tinker, in Developing Power. The Feminist Press, NY, 2004.
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Transforming Development: Women, poverty and politics - UNIFEM's First Fifteen Years
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344:'Unlikely Godmother: the UN and the Global Women's Movement' in Ferree, Myra and
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Transforming Development: women, poverty and politics. UNIFEM's first 15 years
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Walking My Own Road: How a Sabbatical Year Led to a United Nations Career
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Margaret Snyder is the author or co-author of several books, including:
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The Women’s Movement in Uganda: History, Challenges and Prospects.
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Above the Odds: A decade of change for Ugandan women entrepreneurs
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Women’s Agency in the Economy: Business and Investment Patterns
404:"Margaret C. Snyder, the U.N.'s 'First Feminist,' Dies at 91"
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Women in African Economies: From Burning Sun to Boardroom
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Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
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Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs
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In late 2006, Snyder, her former UNIFEM colleague Dr
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573:. Intermediate Technology Publications. July 1995.
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155:in Syracuse, a position she held for eight years.
135:, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1950, and the
445:"Description, Margaret Snyder Papers, 1950-2005"
297:. London: Intermediate Technology Publ., 1995.
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131:, in 1929. As a young woman, she attended the
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516:. United Nations Intellectual History Project
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372:2002. Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers.
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139:, where she received a master's degree in
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214:United Nations Development Fund for Women
113:United Nations Development Fund for Women
775:American officials of the United Nations
538:African Women and Development: A History
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366:Research on Women 1986-2001: an Overview
282:. Witwatersrand University Press, 1995.
280:African women and development: A history
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352:. New York University Press, NY, 2006.
339:Chapters in books, and journal articles
205:(UN) staff as regional adviser for the
151:. In 1953 she became dean of women for
111:. She was the founding director of the
750:Catholic University of America alumni
382:Malcolm after Mecca: East Africa 1994
323:Margaret Snyder with Sarah Kitakule.
278:Margaret C. Snyder and Mary Tadesse.
103:with a special interest in women and
16:American social scientist (1929–2021)
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780:University of Dar es Salaam alumni
115:(UNIFEM), which was absorbed into
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745:American women social scientists
327:. Africa World Press, NJ, 2011.
201:. That same year she joined the
730:Executive Directors of UN Women
402:Risen, Clay (5 February 2021).
384:, in Commonweal., 18 Dec. 1992.
770:People from Syracuse, New York
755:College of New Rochelle alumni
514:"Margaret C. Snyder Biography"
447:. Princeton University Library
207:Economic Commission for Africa
137:Catholic University of America
85:Catholic University of America
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376:Women and African Development
312:. Fountain Publishers, 2000.
188:State University of New York
785:21st-century American women
195:University of Dar es Salaam
89:University of Dar es Salaam
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765:Le Moyne College faculty
542:. Zed Books. June 1995.
229:UN Development Programme
97:Margaret C. "Peg" Snyder
760:Mercy University alumni
686:Executive Directors of
664:Sharon Capeling-Alakija
648:Executive Directors of
635:Executive Directors of
133:College of New Rochelle
81:College of New Rochelle
702:Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
145:Equal Rights Amendment
248:Princeton University
220:, would receive the
105:economic development
257:Makerere University
180:Syracuse University
127:Snyder was born in
658:Margaret C. Snyder
408:The New York Times
129:Syracuse, New York
107:, particularly in
70:New York, New York
52:Syracuse, New York
23:Margaret C. Snyder
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696:Michelle Bachelet
333:978-1-59221-764-9
308:Margaret Snyder.
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222:Nobel Peace Prize
164:Margaret Kenyatta
149:U.S. Constitution
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672:(1994–2007)
666:(1989–1994)
660:(1978–1989)
259:in Uganda.
724:Categories
580:1853393029
549:1856493008
389:References
233:World Bank
176:Tanganyika
160:sabbatical
44:1929-01-30
520:March 16,
451:March 16,
141:sociology
123:Biography
688:UN Women
637:UN Women
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117:UN Women
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
