152:
644:. Despite her nonconformity, it suggests that Margaret remained "ambiguous about social distinctions". An aristocracy is a feature of the novel's lunar utopia, and one of her protagonists, a young man, is indeed ruined by the "ridicule of high birth and ancestry" into which he is drawn by "professed democrats". The story reads as a critique of contemporary English society, its mores and literary standards. But through its central female character, it is also a mediation upon Margaret's own experience as a woman including the pain of an unhappy socially-dictated marriage, and of recuperation through a second relationship enjoyed in relative seclusion.
40:
396:, he decried the progress of revolutionary principles and atheistic philosophy through the "higher ranks" of society. The conversion of elite women to the radical cause was, he declared, "a leading object with the conspirators", who knew "the influence which female manners ever must have on society in any degree polished". Margaret's eldest brother, George King, was a prominent
681:. She felt maternal towards the women, as they were both in a sense daughters of her life-changing motherly governess. She offered "sage advice" to Shelley about his health and to Clairmont about her career. She introduced them all to a new intellectual and social circle in Pisa, and helped Mary set up her household, finding them pleasant lodgings and advising on servants.
540:, an Anglo-Irish gentleman with an interest in agriculture and, in contrast to her husband, with social and political views similar to her own. The two were instantly attracted and soon embarked on an affair, which in 1805 led to her husband leaving her in Germany and returning to Ireland with their children. Women in her position, wishing to leave an unhappy marriage, had
728:(then known to the English as Leghorn). Tighe survived her by two years. She was described, in the 1920 introduction to Wilmot's diaries, as "socially charming and attractive, highly cultivated, upright and refined", but "harsh to her children, a Freethinker in religion, and imbued with what were then the most extravagant political notions".
716:
Claire
Clairmont lived with Margaret, now again calling herself Lady Mount Cashell, in the 1830s, looking on her as a mother, and considering that time the happiest in her life. Clairmont was to maintain her ties and correspondence with Margaret's second family into the 1870s: with her daughters Anna
700:
Widowed in
October 1822, Margaret married Tighe in March 1826. In 1827, only a year after their formal union, Margaret and George Tighe separated. That same year, she began hosting a fortnightly salon in her house in Pisa, the Accademia dei Lunatici (Society of Lunatics) Those in attendance included
403:
Yet despite her sympathy for the United
Irishmen, there is no evidence that Margaret embraced the social egalitarianism of some of the more committed republicans. She remained "ambiguous about social distinctions". They were to remain a feature of the utopia in her unpublished novel
236:
Wollstonecraft’s tenure did not last more than a year, as, finding her haughty and affected, she could not get along with Lady
Kingsborough. Margaret nonetheless claimed that Wollstonecraft’s influence was profound, that she "had freed her mind from all superstitions".
114:, was an Anglo-Irish hostess, and a writer of female-emancipatory fiction and health advice. Despite her wealthy aristocratic background, she had republican sympathies and advanced views on education and women's rights, shaped in part by having been a favoured pupil of
1127:[Ascendancy: Lady Mount Cashell, Lady Moira, Mary Wollstonecraft and the Union Pamphlets Janet Todd Eighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an dá chultúr Vol. 18, (2003), pp. 98–117 (article consists of 20 pages) Published by: Eighteenth-Century Ireland Society Stable URL:
586:, attending lectures disguised as a man, because medical education was forbidden to women. She was as tall as a man, and cultivated a surly and taciturn persona, to keep away curious acquaintanceships. She continued her studies in Italy, with professor of surgery,
228:
Her parents, she later wrote, were "too much occupied by frivolous amusements to pay much attention to their children", so already before her third birthday, she was entrusted to governesses and tutors. These included the pioneer educator and proto-feminist
266:
Outraged opinion associated
Wollstonecraft's influence with the scandal that subsequently engulfed Margaret's sister. Mary, aged seventeen, eloped with her married cousin Colonel Henry Gerald FitzGerald. On the eve of the 1798 Rebellion, Margaret's brother
1103:
A Sermon
Preached before his Excellency John Jeffries, Earl Camden, Lord Lieutenant, President and the Members of the Association for Discountenancing Vice in St. Peter's Church 22 May 1798, by the Right Revd Thomas Lewis O'Beirne D. D., Lord Bishop of
684:
Margaret is the "lady, the wonder of her kind, whose form was up born by a lovely mind" whom
Shelley celebrates in his poem "The Sensitive Plant", and she helped kindle "a new-found sense of radicalism". Tighe encouraged Shelley in his reading of
385:, Fitzgerald received a wound in the course of his arrest (which was to prove fatal), she intervened to prevent the news from reaching his pregnant wife, in the hope that his condition might improve and diminish the shock.
972:
636:(1824). It is the story of two young women who are induced by the untimely death of their father to consider society and its conventions with a more critical eye. Unpublished, and dating from 1823, is a manuscript for a
579:. She had visited and grown friendly with them when she was in London in 1807. The book's popularity resulted in her adding new stories to subsequent editions, the last (and fourteenth) of which appeared in 1868.
274:
For her part, Margaret traced ro
Wollstonecraft "the development of whatever virtues I possess". She had taught her to think for herself and to question respect and obedience commanded only on the basis of rank.
717:
Laura
Georgina "Laurette" Tighe (1809-1880) who was to write fiction under the name Sara Tardy, and Catherine Elizabeth Raniera "Nerina" Tighe (1815-1874) who married the Italian parliamentarian Bartolomeo Cini
605:, which went through numerous editions in several countries including Britain and the United States. Posthumous Italian editions, translated by Margaret's personal physician, were published under the name
629:, thus avoiding the risks of near-constant pregnancy (which she had witnessed in her mother). She also issued a stern injunction against ever "wounding a daughter's sensibility, or mortifying her pride".
569:
Stories of Old Daniel, Or, Tales of Wonder and
Delight, Containing Narratives of Foreign Countries and Manners, and Designed as an Introduction to the Study of Voyages, Travels, and History in General.
151:
804:
467:
These describe much detail of the Cashells' life and habits, including their lavish entertaining, especially during the first nine months in Paris. In the French capital, they met
595:
656:, where they called themselves "Mr and Mrs Mason", taking the name of the maternal governess in Wollstonecraft's early novel. Margaret developed a reputation as a "no nonsense
783:
693:. Their association ended when, in July 1822, Percy Shelley drowned in a storm in the Gulf of La Spezia and Mary Shelley returned to England with their only surviving child,
556:. She and her husband were legally separated in November 1812. Margaret received £800 a year and a settlement of her accumulated debts, but she never saw her children again.
246:(1788). "Mary" is the eldest of two aristocratic young charges that a genteel and unpaid governess puts through a programme of experiential education on the model of
632:
Following the success of the book, she undertook to translate medical works from German. She maintained her interest in literature, publishing a two-volume novel
257:
is called Mrs Mason, a name Margaret King adopted in later life. Wollstonecraft's experience in the Kingsborough household also appear to inform her first novel,
828:
240:
Some of the experiences of Margaret and of elder sister Mary during this year (1787–88) would make their way into Wollstonecraft's only children's book,
1845:
1815:
493:
The resumption of war in Europe in March 1803 found the party in Florence. In 1804 they decamped to what they assumed was the relative safety of
1840:
428:
366:
1527:
510:
295:
284:
1031:
George Peel, 'Peel, William Yates (1789–1858)’, rev. M. C. Curthoys, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
553:
118:. Settling in Italy in later life, she reciprocated her governess's care by offering maternal aid and advice to Wollstonecraft's daughter
1825:
1764:
An Irish peer on the continent (1801–1803) being a narrative of the tour of Stephen, 2nd earl Mount Cashell, through France, Italy, etc.
465:
An Irish peer on the continent (1801–1803) being a narrative of the tour of Stephen, 2nd earl Mount Cashell, through France, Italy, etc.
350:
1179:
An Irish peer on the continent (1801-1803) being a narrative of the tour of Stephen, 2nd earl Mount Cashell, through France, Italy, etc
408:
in which a young man is indeed ruined by the "ridicule of high birth and ancestry" into which he is drawn by "professed democrats".
1835:
1820:
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197:
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621:), and the benefits of the mother herself breastfeeding (as opposed to "throwing" her child on "the bosom of a stranger", i.e. a
326:
268:
310:(now Ontario), and was judged "an improving and evangelical landlord". The second son, Robert, was born in 1793. The third son,
514:
393:
311:
242:
157:
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943:
618:
20:
1647:
725:
482:
In June 1802 the Cashells had another son, Richard Francis Stanislaus Moore, and Wilmot records that its godparents were
587:
626:
549:
545:
318:. The eldest daughter, Helena, was born in March 1795. One of the younger daughters, Jane Elizabeth, married in 1819
498:
370:
315:
299:
1382:. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. London : Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.
188:
Her mother, Caroline Fitzgerald (one of the wealthiest heiresses in Ireland and first cousin of the revolutionary
1830:
1659:
1351:
1704:
Todd, Janet (2003), "Ascendancy: Lady Mount Cashell, Lady Moira, Mary Wollstonecraft and the Union Pamphlets",
1810:
424:
263:(1788), begun during her time in Mitchelstown: "Mary" is the unhappy daughter of haughty aristocratic parents.
1196:
537:
483:
382:
136:. In Pisa, she continued the study of medicine which she had begun in Germany and published her widely read
329:
was involved in a scandal. He was tried for the murder of a relative who had seduced their younger sister.
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378:
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247:
189:
82:
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173:
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533:
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129:
337:
Marriage and motherhood did not temper her political radicalism. She attended the treason trials of
1149:
1078:
805:"Cross-Dressing, Elopement and Travels with Percy Shelley: the extraordinary life of Margaret King"
710:
576:
230:
209:
115:
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660:", and the couple set up home at Casa Silva, Pisa, with their daughters Lauretta and Nerina.
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133:
529:, who in his gardens "very gallantly pull’d a hyacinth and gave it to Lady Mount Cashell".
392:
would have had King and others of her female acquaintance in mind when, in a sermon before
706:
259:
872:"Ascendancy: Lady Mount Cashell, Lady Moira, Mary Wollstonecraft and the Union Pamphlets"
663:
They were visited there in 1820 on an almost daily basis by a young threesome: the poet
302:, marry a Swiss woman, and live in several countries. He founded a farming community on
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39:
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162:
1503:
The Witch of Atlas Notebook: A Facsimile of Bodleian MS. Shelly Adds., E.6, Volume 5
958:
Margaret to William Godwin, 8 September 1800, in Kenneth Neil Camerson ed. (1961),
830:
738:
686:
673:
668:
494:
476:
444:
440:
307:
217:
124:
119:
60:
1583:
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1410:
1306:"Margaret Jane King Moore: Stories of Old Daniel: or Tales of Wonder and Delight"
594:. She is known to have conducted a dispensary for the poor in Pisa, akin to the
254:
213:
205:
177:
169:
1782:
Advice to young mothers on the physical education of children, by a grandmother
1394:
1310:
The Literary Encyclopedia. Volume 1.2.4: Irish Writing and Culture, 400-present
1032:
759:
Advice to Young Mothers on the Physical Education of Children, by a Grandmother
603:
Advice to young mothers on the physical education of children, by a grandmother
463:. Wilmot wrote extensive letters home, some of which were published in 1920 as
447:(fated to hang for attempting to renew the United Irish insurrection in 1803).
1686:
456:
287:
on 12 September 1791. She was 19 and he 21. In 1794 her eldest brother, later
1418:
1254:
1208:
895:
582:
Free with Tighe to follow her own course, in Germany she studied medicine at
622:
575:, widower of her governess-mentor Mary Wollstonecraft, and his second wife,
541:
181:
994:
New Lease on Life: Landlords, Tenants, and Immigrants in Ireland and Canada
1505:. New York and London: Garland Publishing. p. Introduction, p. xlvi.
853:
See, for example, Todd (MW), 106–7; Tomalin, 66; 79–80; Sunstein, 127-28.
724:
Margaret, Lady Mount Cashell, died in January 1835 and was buried in the
486:, "the Polish Countess Myscelska", and the American minister (presumably
468:
397:
1262:
1230:
1128:
903:
871:
475:
and, "up half a dozen flights of stairs, in a remote part of the town",
887:
653:
614:
1376:
Moore, Margaret King; Longman, Hurst; Spottiswoode, A. and R. (1824).
1546:
1246:
1150:"Moore, Margaret Jane ('Mrs Mason') | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
1079:"Moore, Margaret Jane ('Mrs Mason') | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
617:(the competing worldview was the rise of male obstetricians such as
1519:
Shelley and the Revolution in Taste: The Body and the Natural World
1464:
Shelley and the Revolution in taste: the body and the natural world
1478:
An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age: British Culture 1776–1832
571:
This was a collection by The Juvenile Library, the London team of
517:
crisis of 1783 is said to have imagined himself King of Ireland);
271:
and her father were charged and acquitted of Fitzgerald's murder.
150:
220:. Margaret was the middle child among a family of nine siblings.
1333:
Before Victoria: extraordinary women of the British romantic era
78:
1611:
The Clairmont Family Letters, 1839 - 1889: Volume I Front Cover
1778:
by Edward C. McAleer; University of North Carolina Press, 1958
1645:
Clarke, Francis (2009). "Moore, Margaret Jane ('Mrs Mason')",
962:(2 volumes), 1, Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, p. 84.
671:(daughter of Godwin and Wollstonecraft, and already author of
601:
In 1823 she published a very popular practical medical guide,
459:
as a group of "nine Irish adventurers", including the diarist
361:
for women to "act for the amelioration of your country in the
1547:"archives.nypl.org -- Mount Cashell-Tighe-Cini family papers"
497:. In Rome they were in the company of the Swiss painter, and
1452:
Young Romantics: The Shelleys, Byron and Other Tangled Lives
1476:
Morton, Timothy (1999). "Shelley". In McCalman, Ian (ed.).
283:
Margaret acquired the title Lady Mount Cashell by marrying
411:
After the defeat of the insurrection in 1798, Margaret
1522:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 232.
1328:
1326:
747:
Stories of Old Daniel: Or, tales of wonder and delight
544:, decades prior to legal reform in the passage of the
427:. Among her extensive circle at this time she counted
294:
The Mountcashells had seven children. The eldest son,
1480:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 702–703.
596:
Bloomsbury Dispensary for the Relief of the Sick Poor
567:
In 1813, as Margaret King Moore, she contributed to
415:opposing the government's policy of abolishing the
349:in London in 1794, and in Dublin joined another of
89:
71:
46:
30:
991:
233:, to whom Margaret was a "most devoted protegee".
1776:The Sensitive Plant: A Life of Lady Mount Cashell
1673:A Different Face: the Life of Mary Wollstonecraft
1660:"A Liberated Woman: The Story of Margaret King".
451:The Grand Tour, and separation from Mount Cashell
142:The Sisters of Nansfield: A Tale for Young Women.
1379:The sisters of Nansfield. A tale for young women
771:The Sisters of Nansfield: A Tale for Young Women
634:The Sisters of Nansfield: A Tale for Young Women
180:landed elite in Ireland who cooperated with the
1706:Eighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an dá chultúr
1352:"A Liberated Woman: The Story of Margaret King"
924:Tomalin, 64–88; Wardle, 60ff; Sunstein, 160-61.
876:Eighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an dá chultúr
1048:. London: Penguin. pp. 224–234, 241–249.
938:. London: Penguin. pp. 224–234, 241–249.
353:'s bluestocking circle, the poet and satirist
8:
1335:p. 49 by Elizabeth Campbell Denlinger, 2005.
455:In December 1801 the Cashells embarked on a
172:Kingsborough family, leading members of the
1395:"Selene: Lady Mount Cashell's Lunar Utopia"
1231:"Frederic Hervey: The Earl-Bishop of Derry"
1729:Rebel Daughters: Ireland in conflict 1798.
1691:Mary Wollstonecraft: A Revolutionary Life.
709:, who would play an important role in the
532:While in Rome, Margaret was introduced to
322:, from the political and merchant family.
38:
27:
1754:Mary Wollstonecraft: A Critical Biography
1739:The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft
1046:Rebel Daughters, Ireland in Conflict 1798
936:Rebel Daughters, Ireland in Conflict 1798
803:Allen-Smith, Natascha (24 October 2018).
753:Continuation of the Stories of Old Daniel
128:) and her travelling companions, husband
1756:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
677:), and their translator, her stepsister
381:were close friends. When, on the eve of
1675:. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1975.
795:
767:(unpublished three-volume novel) (1823)
291:, married her husband's sister Helena.
1569:
1567:
523:Young Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart
471:, the radical English parliamentarian
1541:
1539:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1281:"When Mary Shelley met Lady Margaret"
1274:
1272:
1190:
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1170:
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1141:
1139:
1137:
1129:https://www.jstor.org/stable/30070996
1114:
1112:
973:"Kilworth (Stephen), Lord (KLWT810L)"
840:'s biography of Mary Wollstonecraft,
609:. Among other un-orthodoxies, in her
296:Stephen Moore, 3rd Earl Mount Cashell
285:Stephen Moore, 2nd Earl Mount Cashell
7:
1741:. Rev. ed. 1974. New York: Penguin.
1279:MacDonald, Sarah (3 December 2017).
865:
863:
861:
859:
155:Frontispiece to the 1791 edition of
1693:London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1229:Chamberlain, George Ashton (1913).
627:delays the likelihood of conceiving
613:she insisted on the superiority of
607:Contessa di Mount Cashell—Irlandese
1608:Joffe, Sharon (1 September 2016).
1195:Smith, Janet Adam (25 June 1992).
14:
1440:Mary Shelley: romance and reality
960:Shelley and his Circle, 1773-1822
554:Married Women's Property Act 1884
289:George King, 3rd Earl of Kingston
1846:18th-century Irish women writers
1816:19th-century Irish women writers
1731:London: Penguin. ISBN 0141004894
1584:"Author: Tardy, Laura 1809-1880"
998:. McGill-Queen's Press. p.
429:Lord Cloncurry Valentine Lawless
394:Earl Camden, the Lord Lieutenant
327:Robert King, 1st Viscount Lorton
253:. The motherly governess in the
168:Margaret King was born into the
1614:. Routledge. pp. 234–236.
1393:Markey, Anne (2 October 2014).
1181:. London: Williams and Norgate.
990:Wilson, Catherine Anne (1994).
243:Original Stories from Real Life
200:, Viscount Kingsborough, later
158:Original Stories from Real Life
490:, who was in post 1801–1804).
224:Tutored by Mary Wollstonecraft
21:Margaret King (disambiguation)
1:
1841:Female-to-male cross-dressers
1648:Dictionary of Irish Biography
1442:by Emily W. Sunstein, p. 175.
1203:. Vol. 14, no. 12.
809:Leeds Museums & Galleries
726:Old English Cemetery, Livorno
652:George and Margaret moved to
625:). Breastfeeding, she noted,
511:Lord Bristol, Bishop of Derry
363:mighty crisis that awaits her
1658:Garman, Emma (24 May 2016).
1411:10.1080/09699082.2014.913863
1350:Garman, Emma (24 May 2016).
379:Stéphanie Caroline Anne Syms
93:Intellectual hostess, writer
75:1835 (aged 61–62)
977:A Cambridge Alumni Database
550:Matrimonial Causes Act 1857
546:Custody of Infants Act 1839
369:. Her mother's cousin, the
357:, in heeding the appeal in
298:, went on to graduate from
102:(1773–1835), also known as
1862:
1826:Irish expatriates in Italy
1454:by Daisy Hay, 2010, p. 184
1235:The Irish Church Quarterly
1177:Wilmot, Catherine (1920).
979:. University of Cambridge.
784:Godwin-Shelley family tree
316:Canon of Windsor Cathedral
300:Trinity College, Cambridge
18:
1752:Wardle, Ralph M. (1951),
1501:Adamson, Carlene (1997).
1466:by Timothy Morton, p. 232
1118:Janet Todd (2003), p. 103
882:: (98–117) 99, 101, 116.
773:(two-volume novel) (1824)
711:Italian patriotic revival
588:Andrea Vaccá Berlinghieri
519:the Cardinal Duke of York
37:
1836:Daughters of Irish earls
1821:People from Mitchelstown
1516:Morton, Timothy (1994).
1148:Clarke, Francis (2009).
648:Life and circle in Italy
536:(1776–1837) of Rosanna,
425:Kingdom of Great Britain
279:First marriage, children
561:Advice to Young Mothers
538:Ashford, County Wicklow
138:Advice to Young Mothers
1241:(24): (271–286), 273.
1201:London Review of Books
745:, and S. Springsguth,
695:Percy Florence Shelley
667:, his wife the writer
375:Lord Edward Fitzgerald
190:Lord Edward FitzGerald
165:
140:, as well as a novel,
83:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1716::10.3828/eci.2003.9.
1588:Italian Women Writers
1106:(Dublin, 1798), p. 10
325:In 1798, her brother
174:Protestant Ascendancy
154:
1727:Todd, Janet (2004),
1573:Todd (2004), p. 332.
1044:Todd, Janet (2004).
1033:accessed 18 May 2017
934:Todd, Janet (2004).
870:Todd, Janet (2003).
534:George William Tighe
437:Helen Maria Williams
130:Percy Bysshe Shelley
19:For other uses, see
1197:"Irish Adventurers"
1068:Todd (2003), p. 185
1022:Todd (2004), p. 145
577:Mary Jane Clairmont
421:a legislative union
231:Mary Wollstonecraft
210:Mitchelstown Castle
116:Mary Wollstonecraft
104:Margaret King Moore
888:10.3828/eci.2003.9
741:, William Godwin,
638:three-volume novel
592:University of Pisa
584:University of Jena
383:the 1798 rebellion
320:William Yates Peel
166:
108:Lady Mount Cashell
65:Kingdom of Ireland
16:Anglo-Irish writer
1784:. Florence, 1835
1760:Wilmot, Catherine
1720: 0790-7915.
1551:archives.nypl.org
1529:978-0-521-47135-0
521:, brother to the
507:Angelica Kaufmann
488:Robert Livingston
473:Charles James Fox
367:United Irish test
355:Henrietta Battier
184:in governing the
97:
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1831:Irish countesses
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703:Giacomo Leopardi
679:Claire Clairmont
525:; and the Pope,
461:Catherine Wilmot
417:Irish Parliament
390:Bishop of Ossory
365:": she took the
339:John Horne Tooke
333:Radical politics
202:Earl of Kingston
134:Claire Clairmont
57:
55:
42:
28:
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1811:United Irishmen
1791:
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1770:Further reading
1735:Tomalin, Claire
1669:Sunstein, Emily
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1687:Todd, Janet
1214:10 December
843:Vindication
658:grande dame
598:in London.
563:and fiction
505:in London,
433:Charles Fox
314:, became a
248:Rousseau's
214:County Cork
206:family seat
198:Robert King
194:married off
170:Anglo-Irish
122:(author of
1795:Categories
1712:: 98–117.
1640:References
1315:17 October
1055:0141004894
945:0141004894
542:few rights
457:grand tour
351:Lady Moira
1662:Longreads
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1593:26 August
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1419:0969-9082
1356:Longreads
1255:2009-1664
1209:0260-9592
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515:Volunteer
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359:The Press
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147:Childhood
112:Mrs Mason
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790:Notes
737:with
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1629:2020
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