517:
102:
85:
419:
433:
475:
489:
461:
503:
447:
714:
or duke of Lucca. The
Bonifacii held the march until 931. During the late ninth and early tenth century, the support of the margraves of Tuscany was instrumental for any candidate intent on becoming king of Italy.
1226:
101:
1111:. Since the 14th century, Florence gained dominance over Pistoia (1306, officially annexed 1530), Arezzo (1384), Pisa (1406), and Siena (1559). Lucca was an independent republic until the
722:, who had made himself king of Italy, dispossessed the Bonifacii in an attempt to consolidate all the important fiefs of Italy in his relatives' hands. He granted Tuscany to his brother
84:
1219:
2482:
1212:
2502:
1577:
2507:
1879:
1597:
764:, but his power was so great that he threatened that of the emperors in Italy. He united the Canossa inheritance, which was largely in the
587:
116:
2392:
2135:
2083:
967:
2512:
2274:
1945:
973:
2386:
1994:
749:
788:. With Matilda's death in 1115, the era of the feudal princes had passed in northern Italy, to be replaced by the dominance of the
1235:
1045:
829:
703:
642:
2404:
823:
699:
695:
303:
252:
239:
2380:
2228:
1386:
531:
394:
150:
2284:
2487:
2269:
2203:
2002:
1734:
1657:
1508:
738:
731:
330:
2497:
2492:
2398:
2350:
2041:
1528:
2344:
2338:
2289:
2279:
1709:
1694:
1557:
910:
1069:
In 1197 Philip was elected King of
Germany and the majority of the Tuscan nobility, cities and bishops formed the
2456:
1739:
1124:
1009:
723:
710:
origin, had controlled most of the counties of the region and had held higher titles as well, such as prefect of
317:
195:
2362:
1714:
1567:
1503:
1015:
979:
418:
2450:
2125:
2017:
1979:
1474:
1404:
943:
785:
646:
2356:
2304:
2294:
2130:
2073:
1744:
847:
2374:
2218:
2170:
2156:
1984:
1724:
1637:
1587:
1266:
1249:
841:
2146:
835:
2422:
2299:
2238:
2223:
2110:
2066:
2056:
1834:
1806:
1612:
1456:
1354:
1298:
1088:
1080:
949:
426:
2444:
2175:
2078:
2061:
2051:
1906:
1829:
1652:
1647:
1582:
1482:
1392:
1129:
789:
631:
220:
2368:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2233:
2198:
2193:
2151:
2115:
1974:
1869:
1791:
1764:
1704:
1607:
1592:
1430:
1410:
955:
923:
891:
859:
793:
769:
761:
735:
276:
2213:
2208:
2141:
2100:
2094:
1935:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1642:
1622:
1572:
1562:
1543:
1108:
1096:
1039:
1000:
936:
684:
664:
651:
591:
583:
510:
440:
290:
201:
2430:
2012:
2007:
1930:
1864:
1859:
1729:
1699:
1523:
1468:
1447:
1425:
1092:
1059:
1021:
797:
745:
707:
578:
570:
468:
334:
91:
66:
1953:
1921:
1916:
1896:
1759:
1719:
1689:
1672:
1632:
1617:
1602:
1533:
1518:
1435:
1415:
1288:
961:
897:
885:
688:
680:
660:
638:
264:
213:
31:
1811:
730:
down to 1001. It also retained its influence regarding royal elections. As late as 1027,
2436:
2332:
2326:
1926:
1901:
1774:
1769:
1754:
1749:
1684:
1679:
1662:
1627:
1420:
1398:
1342:
1281:
853:
773:
765:
562:
399:
52:
2476:
2120:
1958:
1462:
1336:
1308:
1178:, which became a mere rank of nobility, even used as sinecure (themselves from Latin
1070:
877:
873:
719:
599:
347:
970:, 1053β1069 (regent as husband of Beatrice and step-father to Frederick and Matilda)
2410:
1493:
1348:
1328:
1204:
698:, who was granted that title in 846. Before him, his father and grandfather, Count
607:
603:
17:
614:
to the north. It comprised a collection of counties, largely in the valley of the
2046:
1911:
676:
595:
488:
141:
671:
became part of the newly established Papal States, while the northern part (or
1112:
482:
165:
152:
1313:
777:
2031:
1513:
1318:
1261:
1165:
1033:
727:
635:
611:
524:
135:
880:, whom he appointed to their post after removing the dynasty of Boniface
1293:
1254:
1175:
1104:
1053:
1027:
711:
668:
656:
454:
1087:
After this, Tuscany was splintered between the competing republics of
1801:
1100:
994:
781:
412:
106:
The March of
Tuscany in the political context of Italy in the 900s AD
1779:
1303:
1276:
815:
619:
549:
496:
185:
129:
726:. It remained in the hands of members of the family known as the
1271:
615:
1208:
1199:
Early
Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400β1000
687:
kingdom of Italy, together with the marches of
Tuscany and
964:, 1052β1069 (regent as mother of Frederick and Mathilda)
818:
who extended their power over the neighbouring counties.
683:
in 773/74. Lombardy proper became the nucleus of the
675:) developed into the Imperial March of Tuscany after
2420:
2317:
2247:
2186:
2169:
2093:
2030:
1993:
1967:
1944:
1889:
1878:
1820:
1790:
1542:
1492:
1446:
1377:
1364:
1327:
1242:
545:
357:
344:
327:
314:
300:
286:
270:
258:
246:
233:
219:
209:
191:
181:
122:
111:
39:
1164:) and derive from the title of the Tuscan rulers:
872:These were the (mostly illegitimate) relatives of
1160:). The terms are synonymous with "march" (Latin:
780:tenure, and she wielded it to the benefit of the
776:, her greatest possession was Tuscany, held in
645:, Tuscia from 568 had been part of the Italian
768:, to Tuscany and passed it on to his daughter
1220:
974:Godfrey the Hunchback, Duke of Lower Lorraine
58:
8:
1623:Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)
1169:
982:, 1089β1095 (co-ruler as husband of Matilda)
976:, 1069β1076 (co-ruler as husband of Matilda)
1179:
968:Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine
760:: duke and margrave. He was an ally of the
754:
44:
2417:
2183:
1886:
1374:
1227:
1213:
1205:
100:
36:
1040:Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne
1578:Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
1141:
180:
1046:Christian of Buch, Archbishop of Mainz
744:In 1027, the duchy was granted to the
659:kings intervened in the conflict with
667:, the southern part of Tuscia around
577:
356:
343:
326:
313:
299:
295:
269:
257:
245:
232:
228:
218:
7:
2483:Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)
935:These were the descendants of the
25:
2387:United Provinces of Central Italy
2503:Marches of the Holy Roman Empire
1236:List of historic states of Italy
814:These were originally counts of
643:fall of the Western Roman Empire
529:
515:
501:
487:
473:
459:
445:
431:
417:
392:
83:
2369:Provisional Government of Milan
1568:City of Fiume and its District
804:Margraves of Tuscany, 812β1197
734:was deposed from the march by
694:The first Tuscan margrave was
1:
2003:County of Apulia and Calabria
1509:Campagna e Marittima Province
634:creation, a successor of the
1115:period in the 19th century.
1042:, 1160β1163 (imperial vicar)
1024:, 1139β1152 (imperial vicar)
2508:Former monarchies of Europe
2405:Kingdom of LombardyβVenetia
2399:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2351:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1529:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
772:. Besides her vast Emilian
2529:
2345:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2339:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1740:Prince-Bishopric of Trento
1710:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
1695:Duchy of Massa and Carrara
1083:, 1246β50 (imperial vicar)
1048:1163β1173 (imperial vicar)
741:for opposing him as king.
679:had finally conquered the
598:. Located in northwestern
29:
2513:Lists of Italian nobility
2457:Free Territory of Trieste
1975:Principality of Benevento
1125:List of rulers of Tuscany
618:, originally centered on
371:
367:
359:β’ Claimed by Papacy
296:
282:
229:
196:Chalcedonian Christianity
99:
80:
75:
2363:Italian United Provinces
1715:Principality of Piombino
1504:Patrimony of Saint Peter
1201:. MacMillan Press: 1981.
579:[ΛmarkadiΛtuΚΚa]
30:Not to be confused with
2451:Italian Social Republic
2126:Principality of Taranto
2018:Principality of Taranto
1980:Principality of Salerno
1735:Bishopric of Tarantasia
1558:Bishopric of Bressanone
1475:Duchy of the Pentapolis
786:Investiture Controversy
647:Kingdom of the Lombards
182:Official languages
2357:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2131:Terra Sancti Benedicti
2035:(from the 9th century)
1745:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1180:
1170:
1161:
1157:
755:
574:
566:
59:
45:
2375:Republic of San Marco
2157:Crown Colony of Malta
1985:Principality of Capua
1725:Marquisate of Saluzzo
1588:County of Santa Fiora
1250:Etruscan civilization
655:) until, in 754, the
333:deposed in favour of
2488:Marquisates of Italy
2171:French Revolutionary
2111:State of the Presidi
1835:Republic of Florence
1807:Domini di Terraferma
1457:Exarchate of Ravenna
1355:Western Roman Empire
1299:Nuragic civilization
1081:Frederick of Antioch
848:Adalbert II the Rich
427:Republic of Florence
346:β’ Formation of
306:granted margraviate
90:Coat of arms of the
2445:Free State of Fiume
2393:Kingdom of Sardinia
2136:Neapolitan Republic
2084:Kingdom of Sardinia
2079:Republic of Sassari
1907:Catepanate of Italy
1830:Republic of Cospaia
1653:Duchy of Montferrat
1648:March of Montferrat
1583:County of Guastalla
1483:Exarchate of Africa
1130:Italian city-states
1073:with Papal backing.
762:Holy Roman emperors
700:Boniface I of Lucca
221:Margrave of Tuscany
162: /
27:Medieval borderland
18:Margrave of Tuscany
2498:846 establishments
2493:History of Tuscany
2275:Lucca and Piombino
2152:Malta Protectorate
2116:Duke of San Donato
1870:Republic of Ancona
1792:Republic of Venice
1705:Duchy of Mirandola
1593:Duchy of Guastalla
1431:Duchy of Tridentum
1411:Duchy of Benevento
1378:Barbarian kingdoms
794:maritime republics
736:Holy Roman Emperor
606:to the south, the
602:, it bordered the
455:Commune of Pistoia
316:β’ Granted to
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2313:
2312:
2280:Massa and Carrara
2165:
2164:
2142:Hospitaller Malta
2101:Kingdom of Naples
2095:Kingdom of Sicily
2026:
2025:
1936:Duchy of Sorrento
1855:Republic of Genoa
1850:Republic of Siena
1845:Republic of Massa
1840:Republic of Lucca
1573:County of Gorizia
1563:Corsican Republic
1544:Holy Roman Empire
1003:, 1119/20β1129/31
937:Counts of Canossa
809:House of Boniface
746:counts of Canossa
665:Donation of Pepin
652:Langobardia Major
592:Holy Roman Empire
555:
554:
541:
540:
537:
536:
511:Republic of Siena
441:Republic of Lucca
413:Commune of Arezzo
405:
404:
291:Early Middle Ages
272:β’ 1076β1115
202:Roman Catholicism
166:43.85Β°N 10.5166Β°E
16:(Redirected from
2520:
2431:Kingdom of Italy
2418:
2184:
2013:County of Sicily
2008:County of Aversa
1931:Byzantine Sicily
1917:Theme of Lucania
1887:
1865:Republic of Pisa
1860:Republic of Noli
1730:Duchy of Spoleto
1700:Duchy of Merania
1598:Kingdom of Italy
1524:Duchy of Ferrara
1469:Duchy of Perugia
1448:Byzantine Empire
1426:Duchy of Spoleto
1393:Ostrogothic rule
1375:
1243:Pre-Roman period
1229:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1197:Wickham, Chris.
1185:
1183:
1173:
1146:
1022:Ulrich of Attems
1006:Rampret, c. 1131
931:House of Canossa
905:House of Hucpold
758:
630:The march was a
610:to the west and
588:Kingdom of Italy
581:
567:Marchiae Tusciae
559:March of Tuscany
533:
532:
519:
518:
505:
504:
497:Commune of Prato
491:
477:
476:
469:Republic of Pisa
463:
462:
449:
448:
435:
434:
421:
409:
408:
396:
395:
389:
388:
373:
372:
335:House of Canossa
177:
176:
174:
173:
172:
167:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
117:Kingdom of Italy
104:
92:House of Canossa
87:
70:
62:
56:
48:
46:Marchiae Tusciae
41:March of Tuscany
37:
21:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2462:
2416:
2319:
2318:Post-Napoleonic
2309:
2243:
2179:
2173:
2161:
2103:
2099:
2098:(1130β1816) and
2097:
2089:
2034:
2022:
1989:
1963:
1954:Emirate of Bari
1940:
1927:Theme of Sicily
1922:Duchy of Naples
1897:Duchy of Amalfi
1882:
1874:
1822:
1821:Other Republics
1816:
1794:
1786:
1780:County of Tenda
1760:County of Savoy
1720:Duchy of Reggio
1690:Duchy of Mantua
1618:March of Friuli
1550:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1534:Duchy of Urbino
1519:Duchy of Castro
1496:
1488:
1442:
1436:Duchy of Tuscia
1416:Duchy of Friuli
1379:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1339:(753 BCβ509 BC)
1323:
1238:
1233:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1121:
1016:Henry the Proud
991:
962:Beatrice of Bar
933:
920:
907:
869:
811:
806:
752:used the title
681:Lombard kingdom
673:Lombard Tuscany
661:Pope Stephen II
639:Duchy of Tuscia
628:
575:Marca di Tuscia
530:
516:
502:
474:
460:
446:
432:
393:
360:
350:
337:
320:
307:
273:
261:
260:β’ 931β936
249:
248:β’ 847β884
236:
235:β’ 812β813
214:Feudal monarchy
204:
200:
198:
170:
168:
164:
161:
156:
153:
151:
149:
148:
147:
146:
107:
95:
94:
88:
71:
64:
60:Marca di Tuscia
57:
50:
42:
35:
32:Duchy of Tuscia
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2437:Italian Empire
2427:
2425:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2381:Roman Republic
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2333:Duchy of Lucca
2330:
2327:Duchy of Genoa
2323:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2181:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1999:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1902:Duchy of Gaeta
1899:
1893:
1891:
1884:
1880:Southern Italy
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1823:(c.β1000β1797)
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1775:County of Nice
1772:
1770:Duchy of Aosta
1767:
1762:
1757:
1750:Savoyard state
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1685:Duchy of Milan
1682:
1680:Duchy of Ivrea
1677:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1421:Duchy of Ivrea
1418:
1413:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1387:Odoacer's rule
1383:
1381:
1372:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1351:(27 BCβ395 AD)
1346:
1345:(509 BCβ27 BC)
1343:Roman Republic
1340:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1282:Cisalpine Gaul
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1148:Also called a
1140:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1117:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
990:
987:
986:
985:
984:
983:
977:
971:
965:
953:
947:
932:
929:
928:
927:
919:
916:
915:
914:
911:Boniface (III)
906:
903:
902:
901:
898:Hugh the Great
895:
889:
882:
881:
868:
865:
864:
863:
857:
851:
845:
839:
833:
827:
820:
819:
810:
807:
805:
802:
756:dux et marchio
706:, probably of
627:
624:
553:
552:
547:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
527:
521:
520:
513:
507:
506:
499:
493:
492:
485:
479:
478:
471:
465:
464:
457:
451:
450:
443:
437:
436:
429:
423:
422:
415:
406:
403:
402:
400:Middle Francia
397:
385:
384:
379:
369:
368:
365:
364:
361:
358:
355:
354:
351:
345:
342:
341:
338:
328:
325:
324:
321:
315:
312:
311:
308:
301:
298:
297:
294:
293:
288:
287:Historical era
284:
283:
280:
279:
274:
271:
268:
267:
262:
259:
256:
255:
250:
247:
244:
243:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
171:43.85; 10.5166
145:
144:
139:
133:
126:
124:
120:
119:
113:
109:
108:
105:
97:
96:
89:
82:
81:
78:
77:
73:
72:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2525:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:Duchy of Sora
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1959:Muslim Sicily
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:Duchy of Rome
1461:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1337:Roman Kingdom
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Magna Graecia
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1168:(from German
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:margrav(i)ate
1145:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1071:Tuscan League
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:, 1134/5β1137
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
988:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
941:
940:
938:
930:
925:
922:
921:
917:
912:
909:
908:
904:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
883:
879:
878:King of Italy
875:
874:Hugh of Arles
871:
870:
867:House of Boso
866:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
817:
813:
812:
808:
803:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
757:
751:
747:
742:
740:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:Hugh of Arles
716:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
644:
640:
637:
633:
625:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:central Italy
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
551:
548:
546:Today part of
544:
528:
526:
523:
522:
514:
512:
509:
508:
500:
498:
495:
494:
490:
486:
484:
481:
480:
472:
470:
467:
466:
458:
456:
453:
452:
444:
442:
439:
438:
430:
428:
425:
424:
420:
416:
414:
411:
410:
407:
401:
398:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
370:
366:
362:
352:
349:
348:Tuscan League
339:
336:
332:
322:
319:
309:
305:
292:
289:
285:
281:
278:
275:
266:
265:Boso of Arles
263:
254:
251:
241:
238:
224:
222:
215:
212:
208:
203:
197:
194:
190:
187:
184:
175:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
125:
121:
118:
115:March of the
114:
110:
103:
98:
93:
86:
79:
74:
68:
61:
54:
47:
38:
33:
19:
2433:(1861β1946)
2411:Papal States
2239:Transpadania
1812:Stato da MΓ r
1667:
1494:Papal States
1405:Lombard rule
1369:Early Modern
1357:(395β476 AD)
1349:Roman Empire
1329:Ancient Rome
1198:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1086:
1036:, 1160β1167
958:, 1055β1115
944:Boniface III
934:
753:
750:Boniface III
743:
717:
693:
672:
650:
641:. After the
629:
608:Ligurian Sea
604:Papal States
558:
556:
382:Succeeded by
381:
376:
2459:(1947β1954)
2453:(1943β1945)
2447:(1920β1924)
2439:(1882β1960)
2423:unification
2413:(1814β1870)
2407:(1815β1866)
2401:(1816β1861)
2395:(1814β1860)
2389:(1859β1860)
2383:(1849β1850)
2377:(1848β1849)
2359:(1815β1859)
2353:(1814β1859)
2347:(1814β1859)
2341:(1814β1829)
2335:(1815β1847)
2329:(1815β1848)
2219:Parthenopea
2180:(1792β1815)
2138:(1647β1648)
2104:(1282β1816)
2086:(1324β1861)
2047:Agugliastra
1912:Longobardia
1549:independent
1399:Vandal rule
1062:, 1195β1197
1056:, 1167β1173
1030:, 1152β1160
1018:, 1137β1139
997:, 1116β1119
989:Nondynastic
952:, 1052β1055
946:, 1027β1052
926:, 1014β1027
918:Nondynastic
913:, 1004β1011
830:Boniface II
790:city-states
704:Boniface II
677:Charlemagne
632:Carolingian
596:Middle Ages
594:during the
377:Preceded by
205:(1054β1197)
199:(846β1054)
169: /
142:San Miniato
138:(1057β1116)
2477:Categories
2290:Pontecorvo
2248:Monarchies
2234:Subalpinia
2199:Cispadania
2194:Cisalpinia
2176:Napoleonic
1883:(774β1139)
1795:(697β1797)
1497:(754β1870)
1459:(584β751)
1407:(568β774)
1158:marchesato
1156:(Italian:
1154:marquisate
1113:Napoleonic
900:, 961β1001
842:Adalbert I
824:Boniface I
696:Adalbert I
616:River Arno
483:Poggibonsi
304:Adalbert I
253:Adalbert I
240:Boniface I
210:Government
157:10Β°31β²00β³E
154:43Β°51β²00β³N
2265:Guastalla
2255:Benevento
2187:Republics
2042:Judicates
1890:Byzantine
1547:and other
1485:(585β698)
1477:(554β752)
1471:(554β752)
1465:(533β751)
1450:(584β751)
1401:(435β534)
1395:(493β553)
1389:(476β493)
1380:(476β774)
1314:Iapygians
1010:Engelbert
950:Frederick
894:, 936β961
888:, 931β936
862:, 929β931
856:, 915β929
850:, 886β915
844:, 847β886
838:, 835β845
832:, 828β834
826:, 812β823
739:Conrad II
663:. By the
192:Religion
132:(to 1057)
2224:Piedmont
2074:Oristano
2067:Logudoro
2057:Cagliari
2032:Sardinia
1765:Piedmont
1514:Holy See
1365:Medieval
1319:Picentes
1262:Samnites
1171:Markgraf
1166:margrave
1119:See also
1089:Florence
1034:Welf VII
798:communes
728:Bosonids
718:In 931,
708:Bavarian
685:Imperial
657:Frankish
612:Lombardy
590:and the
582:) was a
525:Volterra
136:Florence
76:846β1197
2305:Corsica
2295:Tuscany
2260:Etruria
2209:Liguria
2062:Gallura
2052:Arborea
1968:Lombard
1668:Tuscany
1658:Trieste
1294:Ligures
1255:Etruria
1192:Sources
1181:marchio
1176:marquis
1105:Pistoia
1054:Welf VI
1028:Welf VI
980:Welf II
956:Matilda
924:Rainier
892:Humbert
860:Lambert
784:in the
770:Matilda
732:Rainier
712:Corsica
669:Viterbo
636:Lombard
626:History
586:of the
571:Italian
331:Rainier
329:β’
302:β’
277:Matilda
242:(first)
123:Capital
67:Italian
2371:(1848)
2365:(1831)
2320:states
2285:Naples
1995:Norman
1802:Dogado
1673:Verona
1638:Mantua
1633:Istria
1613:Finale
1603:Ancona
1551:states
1371:states
1289:Veneti
1267:Latins
1174:), or
1101:Arezzo
1060:Philip
1001:Conrad
995:Rabodo
836:Aganus
782:Papacy
778:feudal
774:allods
766:Emilia
689:Verona
225:
112:Status
63:
49:
2421:Post-
2270:Italy
2214:Lucca
2204:Italy
1755:Savoy
1663:Turin
1643:Milan
1628:Ivrea
1304:Umbri
1277:Celts
1162:marca
1136:Notes
1109:Lucca
1097:Siena
816:Lucca
620:Lucca
584:march
563:Latin
550:Italy
186:Latin
130:Lucca
53:Latin
2300:Elba
2229:Rome
2178:eras
2174:and
2147:Gozo
1946:Arab
1929:and
1608:Ceva
1272:Osci
1107:and
1093:Pisa
886:Boso
796:and
724:Boso
702:and
557:The
363:1198
353:1197
340:1027
318:Boso
1367:and
1152:or
854:Guy
323:931
310:846
2479::
1184:).
1103:,
1099:,
1095:,
1091:,
939:.
876:,
800:.
792:,
748:.
691:.
622:.
573::
569:;
565::
1228:e
1221:t
1214:v
649:(
561:(
69:)
65:(
55:)
51:(
34:.
20:)
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