1133:
43:
947:
57:
548:
1177:
1245:
560:
851:
1089:
1056:
979:
1209:
1011:
780:
in the
Imperial Diet agreed to adopt the Gregorian Calendar only in 1699. Baden-Durlach followed the decision and adopted the new calendar in 1700, with 18 February being followed directly by 1 March 1700. Some parish books from the Margraviate show that individual churches did not all follow suit
746:
of the Thirty Years' War. It consisted of 11,500 men, only half of which were recruited locally from the margraviate's militia, with the rest on loan from George
Frederick's allies; the territory was too small and poor to pay for professional soldiers beyond the margrave's own bodyguard. George
688:
horns. Alongside it is a helmet with the
Sausenberg lion and one with the upper part of a man wearing the wing of the Ăśsenberg arms. On the left side of the arms is a helmet with the upper part of a young man, who wears the vertical band of the Badenweiler arms, and at right is a helmet with a
882:
in
Karlsruhe, was at times equivalent to a university. Originally, the institution mainly served to educate orthodox priests to safeguard the Reformation. The school was established in Durlach in 1586 and transferred to Karlsruhe by Charles III William in 1724. It is now the
1032:
and various
Protestant princes from 1577 to 1584. A new division of territory in which Ernest Frederick took Durlach and Pforzheim and his brothers James III (1562–1590) and George Frederick took Hachberg and Rötteln-Sausenberg respectively. He established a
1073:
Son of
Charles II. From 1595 regent of the upper territories, after the death of his older brothers he became sole Margrave of Baden-Durlach in 1604 and de facto ruler of Baden-Baden. A pious Protestant and founding member of the
676:
The central shield contained the red Badian diagonal band on a golden background. In the upper left field was the crowned red lion of the
Landgraves of Sausenberg. The upper right field showed the wing of the lords of
1389:
319:(1688–1697). Following the extinction of the Baden-Baden line in 1771, the Baden-Durlach inherited their territories and reunited the Margraviate of Baden. The reunified territory was caught up in the
767:, such that 4 October 1582 was followed directly by 15 October 1582, but Baden-Durlach, as a Protestant state, retained the Julian Calendar, since the new calendar had been promulgated by the
825:). Two General Superintendents were appointed, one for the Lower territories and another for the Upper territories, who oversaw the Special Superintendents who administered the individual
818:
converted to
Catholicism in 1590), Baden-Durlach remained Lutheran since the third son, George Frederick did not convert, outlived his brothers and inherited both of their territories.
1660:
1655:
311:, unlike Baden-Baden, which remained Catholic. Baden-Durlach occupied Baden-Baden from 1594 to 1622, but was driven out after being defeated at the Battle of Wimpfen, during the
1274:. In 1771, the reunification of Baden took place after the extinction of the Baden-Baden line. Final loss of the territories on the left bank of the Rhine during the
681:. The lower left had a vertical band with three chevrons, the arms of the lordship of Badenweiler. In the lower right field was the red lion of the lords of Rötteln.
1214:
618:
1263:
724:
In 1770, the margraviate had a total of 807 soldiers in service (including both the circle troops and the household troops), consisting of four companies of a
1061:
1016:
807:
595:
972:
in 1533 and the division of the
Margraviate, he founded the House of Baden-Pforzheim (later Baden-Durlach), also known after him as the "Ernestian Line."
1665:
598:
seized the territory in light of his relatives' bankruptcy. Having never received imperial authorisation for the seizure, George
Frederick joined the
662:
1275:
1182:
926:
From 1577 to 1584 and 1738 to 1746, there were regencies for underage rulers. These regents are mentioned in the text, but not listed asmargraves.
1138:
1250:
1094:
633:
1520:
997:
984:
821:
The Margrave was also the leader of the local Protestant church. The daily administration of the churche was dealt with by a Church council (
815:
790:
576:
1534:
1623:
965:
1650:
42:
1155:
858:
Even in language, the Margraviate was not unified. The Landgraviate of Sausenberg and the Lordships of Badenweiler und Rötteln spoke
1029:
952:
528:
1576:
1010:
296:
56:
747:
Frederick's army ceased to exist when he was defeated at the Battle of Wimpfen, the remnants of the army being absorbed by the
468:
1565:
1226:
Son of Frederick VII. Officer during the War of the Spanish Succession, Imperial General Field Marshal in 1715. Reigned as an
251:
226:
1119:
472:
1645:
1640:
1199:
459:
531:, as well as a third individual vote for the Margraviate of Hachberg. It had the same representation of the diet of the
969:
884:
742:
The largest force raised in the history of Baden-Durlach was recruited by Margrave George Frederick in 1622 for the
1291:
1132:
572:
304:
1266:(1703–1732) and grandson of Charles III William. Until 1746, a regency under Prince Charles August was in charge.
320:
1436:
1230:, restored state finances, and created a reliable bureaucracy. In 1715 he began work on a new residence, the
1194:
Son of Frederick VI, focussed mainly on domestic politics. Occupation and plundering by French troops in the
673:
underwent changes over time. Here the coat of arms depicted on the seal of Margrave Charles II is described:
591:
1554:
1317:
867:
800:
1504:
1486:
1539:
Geschichte der Regierung und Bildung von Baden unter Carl Friedrich vor der Revolutionszeit – Erster Band.
1445:
1267:
915:
911:
896:
580:
464:
308:
1543:
946:
907:
859:
656:
1122:. The Emperor declared him to have abdicated and abolished the Margraviate, but it was restored in the
1106:
Son of George Frederick. Occupation and plundering of Baden-Durlach by Imperial troops. To escape the
968:. Regent over Upper Baden after his father's loss of capacity in 1515. After the death of his brother
721:. In addition to these troops, the Margraves also built up a force of household troops (a bodyguard).
547:
1303:
1295:
1167:
1107:
834:
603:
568:
424:
403:
328:
312:
292:
244:
231:
1441:
Geschichte der im Jahre 1586 zu Durlach eröffneten und 1724 nach Karlsruhe verpflanzten Mittelschule
1176:
1123:
903:
879:
743:
428:
391:
196:
1596:
1559:
Einleitung in die Geschichte der Marggravschaft und des marggrävlichen altfürstlichen Hauses Baden
1476:
1466:
1046:
899:
764:
748:
1195:
1055:
1004:
he joined the Reformation. In 1565 he transferred the residence to Karlsburg Castle in Durlach.
799:, like the rest of the Holy Roman Empire, but on 1 June 1556, Margrave Charles II decreed a new
678:
611:
480:
356:
316:
1530:
Description of the condition of the margraviate in at the beginning of Karl Frederick's reign:
978:
661:
1516:
1079:
1038:
1001:
714:
640:
607:
512:
506:
284:
1496:
1231:
1227:
1159:
1075:
622:
599:
584:
552:
395:
307:, located between the two halves of Baden-Durlach. Baden-Durlach became Lutheran during the
1340:
1244:
760:
532:
324:
803:
on the WĂĽrttemberg (i.e. Lutheran) model and initiated the Reformation in his territory.
791:
Charles II, Margrave of Baden-Durlach § The introduction of the Reformation in 1556
559:
1283:
1088:
850:
796:
775:
718:
684:
The coat of arms was surrounded by five helmets. The upper middle one bears the Badian
536:
415:
192:
1110:, he allied with Sweden in 1631 and joined them in attacking Baden-Baden and parts of
878:
The Margraviate never had a university. However, the level of the highest school, the
1634:
1151:
863:
432:
1143:(* 16 November 1617 at the Karlsburg, Durlach; †10 January 1677 or 31 January 1677)
1581:
1570:
1548:
1450:
1394:
1294:
in 1806. Significantly expanded Baden through the annexation of the territories of
1208:
1000:, but after the latter's death in 1553, he became sole Margrave. In 1556 after the
670:
280:
590:
In 1594, Baden-Durlach exercised control over Baden-Baden in what is known as the
625:, in an empty area. The city that developed around the palace would later become
1337:
Markgräflich Baden-Durlachischer Staats- und Addresse-Calender auf das Jahr 1765
1271:
485:
407:
360:
352:
340:
144:
1616:
1610:
1604:
636:
inherited the Margraviate of Baden-Baden, reunifying the Margraviate of Baden.
1287:
708:
492:
364:
1235:
1163:
1041:
as an excuse for the military occupation of the Margraviate of Baden-Baden (
1028:
Son of Charles II. Regency while he was underage was held by the Margravine
811:
728:
725:
694:
647:, Switzerland, where the margraves also owned a number of other properties.
626:
436:
344:
83:
75:
610:
and forced to abdicate and return Baden-Baden to his relations. During the
1279:
1111:
732:
454:
411:
113:
102:
1299:
826:
759:
Before 1582, like the rest of the Empire, the Margraviate employed the
736:
348:
300:
79:
1491:
Kunst und KĂĽnstler am Baden-Durlacher Hof bis zur GrĂĽndung Karlsruhes
830:
339:
The Margraviate of Baden-Durlach encompassed an area on the middle
1115:
1078:. Abdicated in favour of his son in 1622, after his defeat at the
1049:
and converted from Lutheranism to Calvinism, which led to unrest.
849:
690:
660:
644:
602:
in an effort to protect his claims. This ended in 1622 during the
558:
546:
288:
768:
685:
291:
valley, which existed from 1535 to 1771. It was formed when the
1187:(* 23 September 1647 in Ueckermünde; †25 June 1709 in Durlach)
639:
The summer residence of the margraves of Baden-Durlach was the
1150:
Son of Frederick V. General of the Swedish army. Summoned the
1021:(* 17 October 1560 in Mühlburg; †14 April 1604 in Remchingen)
957:(* 7 October 1482 in Pforzheim; †6 February 1553 in Sulzburg)
996:
Son of Ernest. From 1552, regent along with his half-brother
918:(1722-1733 and 1743–1765), and Giacinto Sciatti (1765–1776).
1473:
G. Braun Buchverlag, Karlsruhe 2007, ISBN 978-3-7650-8346-4
866:
and the Lower Margraviate (Karlsruhe-Pforzheim) employed a
1099:(* 6 July 1594 in Sulzburg; †8 September 1659 in Durlach)
699:
held by the lordship of Rötteln over several monasteries.
989:(* 24 July 1529 in Sulzburg; †23. March 1577 in Durlach)
583:
in 1556 and transferred his residence from Pforzheim to
359:
in the southern part of the Upper Rhine region, between
1359:
1357:
1219:(* January 1679 in Durlach; †12 May 1738 in Karlsruhe)
370:
In detail, the territorial components were as follows:
1066:(* 30 January 1573; †24 September 1638 in Strassburg)
763:. In 1582, the Margraviate of Baden-Baden adopted the
717:, the Margraviate was obliged to supply troops to the
833:. Consistency of doctrine was maintained by regular
806:
Although his two oldest sons abandoned Lutheranism (
1513:
Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War
265:
188:
178:
173:
163:
158:
141:
131:
119:
109:
98:
90:
71:
63:
21:
1541:C.F. Müller’sche Hofbuchhandlung, Carlsruhe 1816 (
614:, Pforzheim and Durlach were burnt to the ground.
315:(1618–1648). The territory was ravaged during the
1501:Die badischen Markgrafschaften im 16. Jahrhundert
1255:(* 22 November 1728 in Karlsruhe; †10 June 1811)
351:, as well as the Margraviate of Hachberg around
563:Idealised city plan of Karlsruhe, print of 1721
1298:on the right bank of the Rhine, Breisgau, and
1661:States and territories disestablished in 1771
902:is first attested in 1662. Its masters were:
606:, after George Frederick was defeated at the
303:. The other half of the territory became the
8:
1656:1535 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1617:
829:, which in turn administered the individual
1611:
1605:
1471:Kleine Geschichte der Markgrafschaft Baden.
55:
18:
1037:in Durlach. In 1594 he used the debts of
862:, while the Margraviate of Hachberg used
594:(Upper Baden Occupation), after Margrave
523:Baden-Durlach held two individual votes (
1397:Karlsruhe 1858, pp. 29-30 and Table VIII
928:
500: 450 km (170 sq mi)
1329:
930:
172:
162:
157:
1415:
1375:
1363:
177:
140:
130:
126:
16:German principality from 1535 to 1771
7:
1624:Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
854:Overview of the High German dialects
571:was split into the Margraviates of
384:Lower Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
169:1,631 km (630 sq mi)
406:(earlier composed of the Ă„mter of
14:
1278:, but was recognised as ruler by
1154:for the last time. Fought in the
1666:1771 disestablishments in Europe
1243:
1207:
1175:
1131:
1087:
1054:
1009:
977:
945:
249:
224:
41:
1505:Digitalisat im Internet Archive
1168:Imperial General Field Marshall
795:Initially, the Margraviate was
527:) on the temporal bench of the
299:and was named for its capital,
885:Markgrafen-Gymnasium Karlsruhe
295:was split between the sons of
1:
1200:War of the Spanish Succession
496:
460:Margraviate of Baden-Hachberg
443:
374:
1577:Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
1566:Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
1544:Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
1446:Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
1406:s. Stiefel, Vol. II, p. 1007
1390:Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
1341:Digitalisat der SLUB Dresden
1202:(1701–1714). Fled to Basel.
1045:). In 1599, he rejected the
575:and Baden-Durlach. Margrave
277:Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
27:Markgrafschaft Baden-Durlach
23:Margraviate of Baden-Durlach
1535:C.W.F.L. Freiherr von Drais
1483:, Karlsruhe 1979, 2 Volumes
1427:s. Stiefel, Vol. 2, p. 1220
735:division, and a company of
1682:
1651:Margraves of Baden-Durlach
1292:Confederation of the Rhine
788:
706:
654:
488:(also Oberamt Badenweiler)
327:, emerging in 1806 as the
305:Margraviate of Baden-Baden
1511:Wilson, Peter H. (2009).
1262:Son of hereditary prince
1183:Frederick VII Magnus
1156:Fourth Austro-Turkish War
621:built his new residence,
423:The incorporated fief of
203:
154:
127:
54:
38:
33:
1493:, Karlsruhe: MĂĽller 1917
1215:Charles III William
1118:after his defeat at the
665:Seal of Charles II.
1437:Karl Friedrich Vierordt
1318:List of rulers of Baden
1043:Oberbadische Okkupation
592:Oberbadische Okkupation
486:Lordship of Badenweiler
355:, and an area known as
1555:Johann Christian Sachs
1268:Enlightened absolutist
966:Christopher I of Baden
916:Johann Melchior Molter
897:Badische Staatskapelle
855:
666:
581:Protestant Reformation
564:
556:
309:Protestant Reformation
297:Margrave Christopher I
853:
664:
657:Coat of arms of Baden
579:chose to support the
562:
550:
343:around the cities of
91:Common languages
1646:History of Karlsruhe
1641:Margraviate of Baden
1304:German mediatisation
1296:Electoral Palatinate
1270:and follower of the
1234:and the new city of
1198:(1688–1697) and the
1166:. In 1674 he became
1120:Battle of Nördlingen
1108:Edict of Restitution
912:Johann Philipp Käfer
777:Corpus Evangelicorum
617:From 1715, Margrave
587:in Durlach in 1565.
569:Margraviate of Baden
551:The Durlach palace,
465:Lordship of Prechtal
425:Rhodt unter Rietburg
387:Oberamt of Pforzheim
329:Grand Duchy of Baden
321:French Revolutionary
293:Margraviate of Baden
245:Margraviate of Baden
232:Margraviate of Baden
180:• 1746 estimate
143:• Unified with
1503:, Heidelberg 1910 (
1162:on the side of the
1124:Peace of Westphalia
744:Palatinate campaign
619:Charles III William
449:of the total area)
442:Upper Margraviate (
380:of the total area)
373:Lower Margraviate (
197:South German gulden
133:• Established
1443:, Karlsruhe 1859 (
1276:Revolutionary Wars
1047:Formula of Concord
908:Giuseppe Beniventi
900:symphony orchestra
880:gymnasium illustre
856:
765:Gregorian Calendar
693:, symbolising the
667:
632:In 1771, Margrave
565:
557:
400:Oberamt of Durlach
1522:978-0-7139-9592-3
1309:
1308:
1256:
1251:Charles Frederick
1220:
1188:
1144:
1139:Frederick VI
1100:
1080:Battle of Wimpfen
1067:
1039:Edward Fortunatus
1022:
1002:Peace of Augsburg
990:
958:
922:List of Margraves
891:Music and theater
749:Count of Mansfeld
715:Imperial Register
713:According to the
634:Charles Frederick
608:Battle of Wimpfen
604:Thirty Years' War
404:Oberamt Karlsruhe
313:Thirty Years' War
285:Holy Roman Empire
283:territory of the
273:
272:
261:
260:
257:
256:
237:
236:
1673:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1526:
1497:Eberhard Gothein
1454:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1334:
1254:
1247:
1232:Karlsruhe Palace
1228:absolute monarch
1218:
1211:
1186:
1179:
1160:Franco-Dutch War
1142:
1135:
1098:
1095:Frederick V
1091:
1076:Protestant Union
1065:
1062:George Frederick
1058:
1020:
1017:Ernest Frederick
1013:
988:
981:
964:Son of Margrave
956:
949:
934:Name (lifetime)
929:
868:South Franconian
808:Ernest Frederick
623:Karlsruhe Palace
600:Protestant Union
596:George Frederick
585:Karlsburg Castle
553:Karlsburg Castle
505:Landgraviate of
501:
498:
448:
445:
379:
376:
253:
252:
241:
240:
228:
227:
221:
220:
205:
204:
59:
45:
19:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1631:
1630:
1592:
1523:
1510:
1481:Baden 1648–1952
1463:
1458:
1457:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1418:, pp. 335.
1414:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1386:
1382:
1378:, pp. 337.
1374:
1370:
1366:, pp. 328.
1362:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1314:
1290:and joined the
1259:1738/1746–1811
1253:
1217:
1196:Nine Years' War
1185:
1141:
1097:
1064:
1030:Anna of Veldenz
1019:
987:
985:Charles II
955:
924:
893:
876:
848:
843:
793:
787:
761:Julian Calendar
757:
711:
705:
679:Ăśsenberg Castle
659:
653:
612:Nine Years' War
545:
533:imperial circle
499:
481:Markgräflerland
446:
396:Langensteinbach
377:
357:Markgräflerland
337:
325:Napoleonic Wars
317:Nine Years' War
287:, in the upper
250:
225:
195:
181:
166:
147:
134:
50:
49:
46:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1679:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1621:in the online
1591:
1590:External links
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1584:
1573:
1552:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1515:. Allen Lane.
1508:
1494:
1484:
1474:
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1344:
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1307:
1306:
1302:, and through
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920:
892:
889:
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872:
860:High Alemannic
847:
844:
842:
839:
797:Roman Catholic
789:Main article:
786:
783:
756:
753:
719:Swabian Circle
707:Main article:
704:
701:
652:
649:
641:Markgräflerhof
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541:
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517:
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513:Rötteln Castle
509:
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217:
216:
211:
201:
200:
193:Rhenish gulden
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179:
176:
175:
171:
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167:
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1184:
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1063:
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1003:
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992:
986:
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976:
975:
971:
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960:
954:
951:
948:
944:
943:
939:
936:
933:
931:
927:
921:
919:
917:
914:(1718–1722),
913:
910:(1712–1718),
909:
906:(1707–1708),
905:
904:Enoch Blinzig
901:
898:
890:
888:
886:
881:
873:
871:
869:
865:
864:Low Alemannic
861:
852:
845:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
810:converted to
809:
804:
802:
798:
792:
784:
782:
781:immediately.
779:
778:
772:
770:
766:
762:
754:
752:
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745:
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738:
734:
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727:
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624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:In 1535, the
561:
554:
549:
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
529:Imperial Diet
526:
514:
510:
508:
504:
503:
494:
490:
487:
484:
483:
482:
479:
474:
470:
466:
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461:
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438:
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430:
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318:
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306:
302:
298:
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286:
282:
278:
268:
266:Today part of
264:
248:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
230:
223:
222:
219:
218:
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212:
210:
207:
206:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
183:
168:
153:
149:
146:
136:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:(1565–1718);
81:
78:(1535–1565);
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
44:
37:
32:
28:
20:
1622:
1600:
1597:Wolfgang Hug
1582:Google Books
1575:
1571:Google Books
1564:
1558:
1549:Google Books
1542:
1538:
1529:
1512:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1477:Karl Stiefel
1470:
1467:Armin Kohnle
1461:Bibliography
1451:Google Books
1444:
1440:
1432:
1423:
1411:
1402:
1395:Google Books
1388:
1387:Franz Zell:
1383:
1371:
1347:
1339:, pp. 52–58
1336:
1332:
1042:
1034:
925:
894:
877:
857:
822:
820:
814:in 1599 and
805:
801:Church Order
794:
776:
773:
758:
741:
723:
712:
696:Schirmvogtei
695:
683:
675:
671:coat of arms
668:
638:
631:
616:
589:
566:
524:
522:
511:Lordship of
441:
372:
369:
338:
281:early modern
276:
274:
214:Succeeded by
213:
208:
165:• Total
48:Coat of arms
26:
1416:Wilson 2009
1376:Wilson 2009
1364:Wilson 2009
1351:Drais p. 42
1272:Physiocrats
835:visitations
751:'s forces.
573:Baden-Baden
525:Virilstimme
491:Oberamt of
473:FĂĽrstenberg
469:Condominium
453:Oberamt of
353:Emmendingen
341:Upper Rhine
209:Preceded by
145:Baden-Baden
105:(from 1556)
86:(1718–1771)
67:Margraviate
1635:Categories
1324:References
1288:Grand Duke
1223:1709–1738
1191:1677–1709
1152:Landstände
1147:1659–1677
1114:. Fled to
1103:1622–1659
1070:1604–1622
1025:1584–1604
998:Bernard IV
993:1553–1577
961:1515–1553
823:Kirchenrat
709:Baden Army
655:See also:
577:Charles II
507:Sausenberg
447: 60%
433:MĂĽnzesheim
429:Palatinate
378: 40%
174:Population
110:Government
1601:Baden (D)
1487:Hans Rott
1286:in 1803,
1264:Frederick
1236:Karlsruhe
1164:Habsburgs
1035:gymnasium
874:Education
870:dialect.
816:James III
812:Calvinism
729:battalion
726:grenadier
689:bishop's
627:Karlsruhe
555:, in 1652
437:Kraichgau
345:Pforzheim
335:Territory
99:Religion
84:Karlsruhe
76:Pforzheim
34:1535–1771
1312:See also
1280:Napoleon
1158:and the
1112:Breisgau
970:Philip I
831:parishes
827:dioceses
785:Religion
755:Calendar
737:dragoons
733:fusilier
703:Military
455:Hachberg
412:Staffort
408:MĂĽhlburg
361:MĂĽllheim
189:Currency
114:Monarchy
103:Lutheran
1618:Italian
1300:Ortenau
1284:Elector
846:Dialect
841:Culture
543:History
493:Rötteln
427:in the
390:Amt of
365:Lörrach
349:Durlach
301:Durlach
279:was an
269:Germany
120:History
80:Durlach
72:Capital
1612:French
1606:German
1599::
1519:
953:Ernest
940:Notes
937:Reign
537:Swabia
416:Graben
123:
94:German
64:Status
1595:
1116:Basel
691:mitre
645:Basel
471:with
392:Stein
289:Rhine
199:(fl.)
184:90000
1615:and
1603:in
1517:ISBN
895:The
774:The
769:Pope
731:, a
686:ibex
669:The
651:Arms
431:und
414:and
363:and
347:and
323:and
275:The
159:Area
150:1771
137:1535
1580:at
1569:at
1547:at
1449:at
1393:at
643:in
535:of
435:im
1637::
1609:,
1561::
1557::
1537::
1499::
1489::
1479::
1469::
1439::
1356:^
1282:.
1238:.
1170:.
1126:.
1082:.
887:.
837:.
771:.
739:.
629:.
539:.
502:)
497:c.
444:c.
410:,
375:c.
367:.
331:.
1627:.
1551:)
1525:.
1507:)
1453:)
515:.
495:(
475:)
467:(
418:)
394:/
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