374:
the same is yet to see daylight. However post 26/11 a slew of coastal security measures have been taken, from a fledgling coastal radar network to state marine police stations and NMA. The 15 or more agencies involved, ranging from Navy, Coast Guard, customs, intelligence agencies and port authorities to the home and shipping ministries, state governments and fisheries departments, often work at cross-purposes. A full-time federal body like NMA is needed to clear the clutter. The
National Maritime Domain Awareness (NMDA) Project of India, an integrated intelligence grid to detect and tackle threats emanating from the sea in real-time has been established to generate a common operational picture of activities at sea through an institutionalised mechanism for collecting, fusing and analysing information from technical and other sources like coastal surveillance network radars, space-based automatic identification systems, vessel traffic management systems, fishing vessel registration and fishermen biometric identity databases.
81:(AIS) is one of the most important sources of data for the MDA agencies. AIS is used in order for ships to know each otherâs whereabouts, they transmit a signal from ship to ship and to shore. Lately, the system has been developed into satellite system, so called satellite AIS, which makes the system more effective. All ocean-going vessels above 300 tons, are supposed to use and transmit via AIS according to the International Maritime Organisation. The satellite constellations help facilitate this with "
345:, the Mette Frederiksen Government has announced a further increase in defense spending towards 2% of GDP in 2033. While the details of the surge in spending are still being negotiated, plans are in motion to replace both the THETIS-class and DIANA-class with more modern and capable vessels as well as procurement of
373:
The Modi led BJP Govt had promised to set up a
National Maritime Authority (NMA) of India in their 2014 election manifesto to ensure cohesive policy-making and effective coordination on coastal security among the multiple authorities dealing with maritime issues in the country. But the proposal for
377:
India has a coastal surveillance radar systems (CSRS) network with radar across India, Seychelles and
Mauritius and Sri Lanka. As of January 2019, India is in advanced discussions with Myanmar to install similar radar systems there, and has also offered these systems to Bangladesh, Indonesia,
777:
14. Pincus, Rebecca (2019): âTowards a New Arctic, Changing
Strategic Geography in the GIUK Gapâ, May 2020, The RUSI Journal 165(3):1-9, and Henriksen & RahbĂŚk-Clemmensen (2017): âGrønlandskortet, Arktisâ betydning for Danmarks indflydelse i USAâ Center for MilitĂŚre Studier, Københavns
290:
is very limited, and the sheer size of the arctic and north
Atlantic parts of the Danish maritime domain makes comprehensive maritime domain awareness very difficult. Furthermore, the navy ships patrolling both areas are deemed outdated and increasingly unfit for the task.
50:
The maritime domain is defined as all areas and things of, on, under, relating to, adjacent to, or bordering on a sea, ocean, or other navigable waterway, including all maritime-related activities, infrastructure, people, cargo, and vessels and other conveyances.
91:(UDA) is the aspect of maritime domain awareness focused on the underwater sector. There is a military requirement, but also a need to monitor undersea geophysical activity which can provide vital clues to minimize the impact of devastating natural disasters.
334:, analyst center, satellite surveillance and radar systems. The purpose is to give the navy better capabilities to support the civil society in SAR missions, environment surveillance, fishery control, research etc. The agreement also accommodates wishes from
75:, military threats etc. These centers gather the information, fuse it together and analyze the data in order to spot trends and patterns. The data gathered is useful for different things such as; law enforcement, governance and capacity building.
99:
In Canada, the 2004 National
Security Policy resulted in the establishment of Marine Security Operations Centers (MSOCs) responsible for supporting a national response to maritime security threat. The East Coast MSOC is in
54:
Countries have always gathered information about the maritime environment, in order to generate intelligence necessary for various missions or finding enemy navies. Modern MDA however, was defined in the aftermath of the
70:
Different agents conducts MDA, the most important being
Maritime Domain Awareness Centers or Maritime Domain Awareness Fusion Centers. Maritime Domain Awareness Centers can have different areas of studies, regional,
63:. Maritime Domain Awareness programs aims to detect threats and come up with resolutions to these; helping with decision-making for different threats and; inspects that international law are kept, in order to ensure
241:
maritime traffic is controlled by the Vessel
Traffic Service systems and information is fused and analyzed by the National Maritime Operations Center. The National Maritime Operations Center also acts as national
1094:
765:
Uk.rigsrevisionen.dk: âExtract from the report on the Danish
Ministry of Defenceâs marine pollution preparedness and response to oil and chemical spills in Danish watersâ, accessed 27/5 2024,
1019:
657:
787:
Forsvarsministeriet 2021: âSKIBSFARTENS OG LUFTFARTENS REDNINGSRĂ
DS Ă
RLIGE REDEGĂRELSE FOR SĂ- OG FLYVEREDNINGSTJENESTEN I DANMARK 2020", juni 2021, accessed 27/5 2024,
642:
594:
920:
dr.dk: "SmĂĽ og ubevĂŚbnede flĂĽdeskibe skal stoppe russiske krĂŚnkelser: 'Hvis der kommer et missil, gĂĽr det lige igennem", 13. july 2022, accessed 27/5 2024,
315:
921:
627:
Cudzilo, Becky, Foley, K.C. & Smith, Chandler (2012). "The
Ability of a Small Satellite Constellation to Tip and Cue Other Commercial Assets".
982:
925:
884:
283:
helicopters and Challenger aircraft, and information is fused and analyzed by the Joint Rescue Coordination Center of the Joint Arctic Command.
286:
A number of challenges exist to Danish maritime domain awareness. In the Danish straits, which have ideal operating conditions for submarines,
1067:"Non-Traditional Threats and Maritime Domain Awareness in the Tri-Border Area of Southeast Asia The Coast Watch System of the Philippines"
924:& dr.dk: "SøvÌrnets chef vil ogsü have nye arktiske skibe: Vi har brug for kampkraftige enheder", 7. march 2024, accessed 27/5 2024,
492:
470:
27:
682:
273:
957:
937:
608:
Bueger, Christian (2019). "Maritime Security and the Capacity Building Challenge: Introducing the SafeSeas Best Practice Toolkit".
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compared to the 112th largest population, a domain which is also economically and geopolitically important in several ways. The
800:
721:
386:
In the Philippines, the National Coast Watch System (NCWS) was originally designed to improve maritime domain awareness in the
78:
820:
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Dr.dk: "Forsvarsminister i opsigtsvÌkkende melding: Vil købe nye arktiske krigsskibe", 7, march 2024, accessed 27/5 2024,
429:
For private ports, The Mariner Group's CommandBridge platform is the market leader in Maritime Domain Awareness Systems.
178:. The kingdom of Denmark has a large maritime domain relative to its population size, maintaining the worlds 15th largest
101:
658:"Underwater Domain Awareness and Acoustic Capacity Building â A Maritime Security Perspective in the Indian Ocean Region"
708:"Towards the integration of maritime surveillance: A common information sharing environment for the EU maritime domain"
364:
342:
311:
287:
88:
922:
https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/smaa-og-ubevaebnede-flaadeskibe-skal-stoppe-russiske-kraenkelser-hvis-der-kommer-et
573:
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and law enforcement systems in order to create a Common Information Sharing Environment for the EU maritime domain.
463:
319:
269:
243:
105:
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patrols, in the way that in order to do effective patrols you need to have the ability of conducting effective MDA
222:
999:
1146:
985:& Forsvaret.dk: "Kontrakt om design af nye patruljeskibe underskrives", 23. june 2023, accessed 27/5 2024,
983:
https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/forsvarsminister-i-opsigtsvaekkende-melding-vil-koebe-nye-arktiske-krigsskibe
926:
https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/soevaernets-chef-vil-ogsaa-have-nye-arktiske-skibe-vi-har-brug-kampkraftige-0
141:
30:
as the effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain that could impact the security,
307:
128:
The European Union took a decision in 2008 to improve the integration and interoperability of member states'
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35:
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908:>Forsvarsudvalget 2016 âForsvarsministeriets fremtidige opgaveløsning i Arktisâ, juni 2016,
987:
https://www.forsvaret.dk/da/nyheder/2023/kontrakt-om-design-af-nye-patruljeskibe-underskrives/
346:
303:
266:
218:
133:
39:
464:"Amendments to the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual"
246:
and operates the Maritime Assistance Service, which is connected to the EU-based SafeSeaNe.t
1073:
686:
527:
518:
Bueger, Christian (2015). "From Dusk to Dawn? Maritime Domain Awareness in Southeast Asia".
60:
871:
Forsvarsudvalget 2016 âForsvarsministeriets fremtidige opgaveløsning i Arktisâ, juni 2016,
859:
Forsvarsudvalget 2016 âForsvarsministeriets fremtidige opgaveløsning i Arktisâ, juni 2016,
129:
31:
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885:"Udstyr blev sparet vĂŚk: Om vinteren har Putins ubĂĽde fri bane gennem dansk farvand"
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to the open ocean, with a total number of approximately 70.000 ships transiting the
323:
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the Danish navy is building up its capabilities over the coming years, in 2021 the
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211:
159:
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109:
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338:, that Denmark should acquire long range drones for surveillance of the ocean.
234:
230:
195:
191:
187:
1042:"India to renew coastal radar offer during Maldives defence minister's visit"
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is of increasing importance as geopolitical tensions rise and sea ice melts.
158:
The maritime domain of Denmark encompasses the maritime domain of the entire
407:
331:
295:
254:
199:
175:
145:
553:
Boraz, Steven C. (2009). "MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS: Myths and Realities".
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Security Nexus: Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
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207:
767:
https://www.uk.rigsrevisionen.dk/Media/638429279038966951/7-2023-UK.pdf
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43:
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394:, but has been extended over the entire island country's territory.
72:
910:
https://www.ft.dk/samling/20151/almdel/fou/bilag/151/1650324.pdf
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https://www.ft.dk/samling/20151/almdel/fou/bilag/151/1650324.pdf
861:
https://www.ft.dk/samling/20151/almdel/fou/bilag/151/1650324.pdf
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938:"Politisk aftale om Arktis Kapacitetspakke til 1,5 mia. kroner"
789:
https://www.ft.dk/samling/20201/almdel/fou/bilag/88/2416404.pdf
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helicopters and a number of coastal surveillance stations. In
225:
patrol vessels, Naval Home Guard, Danish Fishing Authority,
341:
In light of the deteriorating security situation following
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is the DoD Executive Agent for maritime domain awareness.
574:"MARITIME DOMAIN AWARENESS AND MARITIME FUSION CENTERS"
683:"Marine Security Operation Centres - Transport Canada"
555:
U.S. Naval War College Press, Naval War College Review
406:
announce the establishment of two MDA centers, one in
349:
to increase underwater awareness capabilities for the
722:"Countries with the Largest Exclusive Economic Zones"
710:. COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. 2009-10-15.
38:. MDA is said to work as a âkey enablerâ for other
629:
26th Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites
221:. Surveillance of Danish waters is achieved by the
958:"Nationalt kompromis om dansk sikkerhedspolitik"
322:, increased the budget with further 1.5 billion
656:Das, Arnab; Bangara, Suresh (16 January 2019).
1095:"Navy to establish Maritime Awareness Centres"
1020:"Apex maritime Authority for Coastal Security"
444:Situation awareness military training methods
8:
641:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
593:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
493:"Enhancing Awareness in the Maritime Domain"
1000:"Annullering af udbud pĂĽ Towed Array Sonar"
85:" methodologies (Cudzilo et al., 2012: 1).
572:Canyon, Deon & McMullin, Jim (2020).
206:sit astride the strategically important
455:
217:In Denmark, MDA is organized mainly by
59:and the terror attack on the destroyer
821:"Nationale Maritime Operations Center"
685:. Tc.gc.ca. 2012-05-14. Archived from
634:
586:
491:Morgan J. & Wimmer "Bud" (2005).
7:
1040:Bagchi, Indrani (23 January 2019).
471:International Maritime Organization
28:International Maritime Organization
365:Integrated Indian Maritime Command
326:. These new capabilities includes
265:. Surveillance is achieved by the
14:
343:Russiaâs 2022 invasion of Ukraine
369:Exclusive economic zone of India
244:Joint Rescue Coordination Center
79:Automatic Identification System
410:for the west coast and one in
1:
210:, and the Danish part of the
316:Conservative Peoplesâs Party
300:Mette Frederiksen Government
257:, MDA is achieved mainly by
104:, the West Coast MSOC is in
610:Seychelles Research Journal
520:Contemporary Southeast Asia
312:Danish Social Liberal Party
288:underwater domain awareness
89:Underwater domain awareness
1168:
1022:. TimesOfIndia. 2014-06-10
422:In the United States, the
362:
414:to cover the east coast.
20:Maritime domain awareness
1097:. DefenceWeb. 2012-03-19
801:"Vessel Traffic Service"
142:environmental protection
16:Maritime security effort
891:(in Danish). 2022-10-04
778:Universitet, Marts 2017
378:Thailand and Maldives.
308:Danish Peoplesâs Party
278:Royal Danish Air Force
1116:"Directives Division"
424:Secretary of the Navy
219:The Royal Danish Navy
65:freedom of navigation
747:"Population figures"
274:KNUD RASMUSSEN-class
259:Joint Arctic Command
26:) is defined by the
499:on 12 February 2017
402:In March 2012, the
162:, which aside from
114:St. Lawrence Seaway
1046:The Economic Times
404:South African Navy
57:9/11 terror attack
347:towed-array sonar
267:Royal Danish Navy
40:maritime security
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276:OPVs as well as
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302:together with
281:MH60R Sea Hawk
263:Danish Defence
184:Danish straits
172:North Atlantic
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138:border control
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124:European Union
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841:"1. Eskadre"
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728:. 2018-06-29
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687:the original
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398:South Africa
392:Celebes Seas
385:
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270:THETIS-class
248:
239:Fehmarn Belt
216:
212:Arctic Ocean
198:every year.
186:connect the
160:Danish Realm
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964:(in Danish)
473:. p. 1
382:Philippines
223:DIANA-class
116:MSOC is in
110:Great Lakes
83:tip and cue
44:anti-piracy
36:environment
1141:Categories
1125:28 January
1101:2012-07-03
1080:2012-07-03
1051:28 January
1026:2014-06-10
1005:2024-09-11
968:2024-09-11
943:2024-09-11
895:2024-09-11
846:2024-09-11
826:2024-09-11
806:2024-09-11
752:2024-09-11
732:2024-09-11
726:WorldAtlas
693:2012-07-03
667:4 December
477:2015-07-10
450:References
363:See also:
353:frigates.
235:Great Belt
192:Great Belt
188:Baltic Sea
108:, and the
408:Cape Town
332:education
296:Greenland
255:Greenland
227:Air Force
200:Greenland
176:Greenland
146:fisheries
540:73551506
433:See also
231:Oeresund
208:GIUK Gap
202:and the
196:Oeresund
194:and the
134:security
106:Victoria
61:USS Cole
304:Venstre
261:of the
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