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creation myth. In the beginning there was an eternal ocean in which a duck swam. She looked for land to lay her eggs on. When she finally found land, she could only fit two of her three eggs there. Out of the first egg came a duck called Jum (probably the initial form of the skygod Kugu Jumo), who
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started work with creating the world. And out of the second egg came a duck called Jõn (probably the initial form of the god of death
Kijamat), who went out to create the underworld. Out of the third egg later came Targõltõš.
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Pektemõr - Chief of what was probably a vassal state of Jüksern. Later to be known as Tükan Šur. Friend of Targõltõš. Occupied Šurma and pushed the
Udmurts to the east.
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Akpatõr - Hunter. Went to Kakšan and later Elnet. Together with Odo and Čolman, the three patõrs and the grandchildren of Onaj and
Piambar.
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translation by
Anatoli Mokejev was provided alongside the publication of the original epic. In 2015, the epic was translated into
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mentions several named chiefs of the ancient Maris. Some of them, like
Kukarka and Tükan Šur are often considered historical.
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Anatoli
Spiridonov in 2002. The epic was originally written in Russian, despite Spiridonov being very knowledgeable on the
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Much of Mari mythology is mythologised history. The story of Čumbõlat is based on the historical 12th century chief of
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Kukarka - The headkart of all karts. Together with Čimale, the rulers of the North-East Mari county of Jüksern.
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The Maris believed the sky revolved around the
Northern Star, held up by the pillar of the world Kava Menge.
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Onaj - Son of Onar. Sorcerer and the husband of
Piambar. The mediator between Kugu Jumo and the human world.
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Piambar - Daughter of Jumo. Married Onaj against his father's will and thus had to live in the men's world.
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Kugu-Yumo and his brother Jõn (Kijamat) in the form of drakes create peace on the waters of the oceans
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Targõltõš - An evil spirit of chaos who manipulates people's thinking. Brother of Jumo and
Kijamat.
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The end of the world lies in the north, beyond the three rivers Tupsa, Perža and Voja.
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Onar - Mythological giant. The ancestor of Maris. Son of Kugu Jumo and
Mlandava.
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Torkan - Leader of the Eastern Maris. Became a Keremet with the name Sultan.
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Alataj - Izim's father, from the "Lands of the Seven Great Lakes".
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Azõren - Kijamat's helper, who brings the dead to the underworld.
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Sjar - Son of Akpatõr. Took his people to the southern areas of
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The biggest literary work on Mari mythology is the Mari epic "
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494:"MARI KANGELASE PÄEVAST JA TŠEREMISSI SÕDADEST (in Estonian)"
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Oš Pondaš - "Grey Beard". The spirit of ancestors. A keremet.
263:Čumbõlat - Chief of Kokšar. He was buried by the river Nemdõ.
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folk heritage. It has many similar features and motifs with
480:"PALVUS TŠUMBÕLATI MÄEL 1999. AASTA SUVEL (in Estonian)"
359:Šurma - The Udmurt ruler of Šurma, the ancient home of
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Oš Kugu Jumo - "Great White God". The chiefgod and the
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Akmazik - A hero who was foreseen to defeat Tükan Šur.
218:. Poltõš is based on Boltuš, a historical chief of
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
393:Jumõn Šočõn - Mother and councillor of Kugu Jumo.
299:Pürõžö - One of the three main gods. God of fate.
451:A kart is a head of the Mari religion. See also
289:Čodõra-kuva - Forestmother. Goddess of hunting.
425:Oš Kugu Pürtüš - "The White Infinity". Nature.
411:Kugurak - With Čotkar and Akpatõr, the oldest
515:https://www.apollo.ee/jugorno-mari-eepos.html
266:Salij - An old forgotten Mari hero. A hunter.
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442:A Keremet is a half-god, similar to a saint.
402:Uvanij - Sorcerer and daughter of Tükan Šur.
396:Šočõn Ava - Goddess of birth and fertility.
370:hero. The only trustworthy friend of Šurma.
124:is a collection of myths belonging to the
373:Savi - A female hero. Daughter of Külmez.
325:Čolman - Horseman. Went to Ošvič and the
296:and the underworld. Brother to Kugu Jumo.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
260:Nönčõk-patõr - A hero made out of dough.
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302:Küdõrčö - One of the three main gods.
241:and light. One of the three main gods.
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
342:Rjažan - Skilled horseman from the
244:Jumõn Üdõr - Daughter of Kugu Jumo.
418:Nekoš - A keremet of the Northern
279:. Protector of marriage and birth.
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163:and Mari folk poetry. However, a
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34:needs additional citations for
16:Myths in the Mari folk heritage
132:neighbouring people, like the
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232:Gods, heroes and other beings
510:Anatoli Spiridonov. (2002).
318:Odo - Lumber. Went North to
512:Jugorno, Laul Pühast Teest.
195:creation myth is a typical
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179:The creation and cosmology
336:. Ancestor of Hill Maris.
349:Almakaj - Organiser of
376:Poltõš - Ruler of the
269:Izim - Salij's father.
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408:Mardež - God of wind.
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453:Mari native religion
210:History in mythology
43:improve this article
146:Finno-Ugric peoples
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155:", written by the
380:Maris. Built the
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536:Uralic mythology
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32:This article
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366:Külmez - An
255:Earth mother
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41:Please help
36:verification
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384:stronghold.
253:Mlandava -
173:Arvo Valton
525:Categories
463:References
99:March 2018
69:newspapers
430:Footnotes
353:meetings.
320:Udmurtia
275:Tõlze -
169:Estonian
142:Mordvins
531:Mari El
505:Sources
415:heroes.
361:Udmurts
282:Keče -
226:Jugorno
157:Russian
153:Jugorno
138:Udmurts
83:scholar
382:Malmõž
368:Udmurt
220:Malmõž
216:Kokšar
197:Uralic
130:Maris'
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420:Maris
344:Urals
334:Volga
329:area.
134:Komis
90:JSTOR
76:books
413:Mari
378:Kama
351:Mari
327:Kama
193:Mari
191:The
165:Mari
140:and
126:Mari
62:news
171:by
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