776:. In other words, by destroying women's autonomy and making them possessions, men were able to acquire productive capital and amass wealth. She saw family violence, not as a remnant of ancient society, but as a part of the processes to modernise. In the work, she found that socialist development had created similar social structures exploiting women and argued for creation of a utopian feminist society. In Mies's vision, the basis for labour would be usefulness rather than accumulation. She theorised that if consumers in overdeveloped places fulfilled their needs to sustain life from producers in underdeveloped countries, it would give worldwide relief from exploitation. Léveillé noted that while such a plan might work, its drawback was that it devalued things like music, flowers, and art, which while not essential or necessary to support human life provided therapeutic benefits.
851:
916:, who knew Mies for nearly three decades, wrote that it was an honest reflection of the failures and successes of Mies's life. Klein said that Mies's youth in a self-sufficient farming village gave her the practical skills to meet life's struggles and shaped her future works on subsistence theory. She called the autobiography "an important piece of contemporary and women's history", because it recalled how feminism â and the fight against discrimination, exploitation, and violence â had changed and grown over the period of Mies's life. In her later years, Mies lived in a care facility, and at the end of her life was unable to recognise her husband, who visited her daily. Mies died on 15 May 2023, at age 92.
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setting, Mies aimed to rewrite existing teaching methods. She did not believe that feminist research could use existing research models and proposed instead seven steps to completely re-imagine research with usefulness and respect for the subject in mind. These steps included a rejection of both quantitative methods and extrapolation of studies on men to apply to women's experiences. She argued that research should be participatory, meaning that the researcher and the subject should collaborate in the processes and goals of the study, which should aim at empowering women and dismantling patriarchal systems. The paper was later published as a chapter of the book
400:. In 1950, Mies met a Pakistani Muslim tourist who was travelling in Germany. Zulfiquar would have a profound influence on her life, as their relationship developed into a romance. Rejecting his proposal of marriage on the basis of their incompatible religions, led her to serious study of religious doctrines and patriarchy. She chose to remain single for many years in order to maintain her independence. In 1955, she asked for a new placement and was sent to Trier, where she taught and also studied English. Mies passed her secondary teacher's examination in 1962 and was assigned to teach English and German in
753:, she found that housewives universally earned less than the legal minimum wage. In looking at homemakers in Brazil, Britain, Pakistan, Thailand, and Turkey, PrĂŒgl confirmed that housewives were typically viewed as non-workers. However, she found that there was not a universal acceptance by women, or their various societies, of the cultural and political meaning of housewifery and its value. She concluded that because of the "multiple contextual meanings" of the term housewife, exploitation more likely resulted from the political, rather than economic, spread of
834:, unlike other ecofeminist works the book demonstrated that despite geographical differences and socio-economic variances "women's lives and bodies are being colonised" through capitalist mechanisms. Yet, Sandilands also said that gender was not the only factor involved in creating capitalist inequalities, and that a theory based on that single premise must be flawed. She said that given the diversity of women's experiences and cultural contexts, the claim that subsistence activities would solve global distribution problems might be utopian.
471:
886:, which includes various forms of untaxed labour such as micro-entrepreneurs, child labourers and family members who work for other family members, and non-permanent workers. They argued in favour of a society in which, instead of delegating labour-intensive work to certain segments of the population, communities shared all tasks. The sharing model would give each person a basic income, some security, and a measure of power in decision-making. The book was called an "excellent feminist source on political economy" by the sociologist
714:, 1987) critiqued policies aimed at maintaining an uneven, stratified societal structure which encouraged domination and exploitation. She sought to evaluate how women's labour became hidden and how the perception that women were reliant upon a husband's income emerged. She theorised that by eliminating pay for the work women performed, making them available at all times for labour, alienating them from society by keeping them in the home, giving them no job security, and eliminating their ability to contract or
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610:, Mies made contact with local feminist groups to develop joint projects they could carry out. The administration decided not to renew the "Women and Development" programme for the next semester but Mies and her students successfully protested and the course continued to be offered. Because no textbooks at that time existed on the history of women's movements, particularly for the Global South, Mies and
368:). She was the seventh of twelve children, who all worked in the fields while they were pupils at the local school with only one classroom. Her mother's temperament was optimistic, but her father was a patriarchal figure and caused fear for the family members with his anger. They were raised as Catholic. She was the first student from her village to complete secondary school, which she attended in
661:, which she saw as an expropriation of a woman's right to give birth and a commercialization of human production. She was one of the founders of the Feminist International Network of Resistance to Reproductive and Genetic Engineering. Within this organization and in her works, she argued that women from the Global North were urged to use invasive technologies such as
327:. Mies was one of the first scholars to recognise the similarities between the socio-politico-economic positions held by women and colonised people. Her works theorised that women and colonised people's labour was devalued and exploited under capitalism, and studied the links between women's struggles for liberation and their broader struggles for social and
429:, India, on a five-year teaching engagement. She taught German classes and discovered that while her male students enrolled to enhance their ability to study engineering, the majority of women took her courses to prolong their independence, as middle-class women were not required to marry until they had completed a bachelor's degree. One of her students,
638:(1983), and praised for its methodological innovations and theoretical advancements. Scholar Nancy Barnes, stated that Mies's article was so compelling that "it alone makes the book worth buying", but noted that the chapter did not resolve the question of whether women's studies should be a stand-alone field, or integrated into other fields.
722:. She named the process which prevented women from being seen as producers or self-employed individuals and resulted in their exploitation, "housewifisation". The anthropologist Danielle Léveillé characterised Mies's works as both "masterful" and "astonishing" in that she was able to link variables from the
815:, noted that Mies argued that labour exploitation was a primary factor in developing both social classes and economic divisions. Meintel also said that Mies's chapter 7, "Class Struggles and Women's Struggles in India", was "worth the price of the book", as it told of the successful resistance by women in
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The programme was based on ideas she had first developed about women's studies and feminist scholarship in a 1977 paper "Towards a
Methodology for Feminist Research" delivered at a conference in Frankfurt. To combat what she saw as a disconnect between theory and practical application in the academic
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Mies arrived in India in 1978 to analyze rural subsistence production, meaning how domestic and farm labour, as well as cottage industry, allowed families to survive, but also led to the expansion of wealth for landlords and industries. She remained in India to the end of 1979 and spent time with her
837:
The book was updated and republished in 2014, concluding that the issues it had addressed were worsening instead of improving. It was also translated into
Spanish in 2016. Evaluating the links between technology, science, and cultural development, scholars Jimena Andrieu and MarĂa Julia Eliosoff
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everything to increase production and profits. Mies and Shiva argued that by placing nurturing of life and health as the focal point of economics, a balance between society, the economy, and the ecosystem would be restored. The re-issuance of the book sparked new debate on the roles of women in
829:
used a
Marxist approach to evaluate climate change, loss of diversity, multi-systemic failures, and resistance. They evaluated how production systems and accumulation caused dispossession of land and culture, leading to problems such as world hunger. Mies and Shiva argued that women were linked
748:
pointed to Mies's connection of the threads in society that united women, colonised people, and nature as being free for exploitation. The unpaid labour of the former was easily equated to the free availability of air and water. PrĂŒgl tested Mies's theory that housewives were superexploited and
919:
Author Monika Mengel, stated that Mies is regarded as a pioneer of women's studies in
Germany and Ireen Dubel, a policy expert on women's rights, stated that not only were her scholarly contributions pioneering, but they served as "inspiration for different generations of feminist scholars and
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that women could gain emancipation if they had the same violent means which were available to men. Opposed to war, Mies could not reconcile that simple equality with men would overcome hierarchical systems that devalued women. Having retired from teaching in 1993, she continued to be active in
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activist movements in the Global South. Andrieu and
Eliosoff disagreed with the theory, saying that with large sectors of the population unemployed and living in poverty in the southern hemisphere, the turn toward subsistence and producing only goods that sustain life was questionable.
35:
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by capitalist systems. Using the "iceberg model", they noted that the only visible labour in a traditional capitalistic society is that of the formal labour force. Hidden below the surface, the base of the iceberg represents unpaid domestic work,
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but developed in her study of lacemakers in India, is widely used by academics. Mies was one of the first feminist scholars to analyze the similarities between the position of women and colonised people in socio-economic hierarchies. Her book
791:, brought colonised people into the analysis. They explained that just as women were rendered invisible, subjugated people were isolated from mainstream society and were treated as a natural resource to be exploited. Departing from a strict
529:, which were aimed at questioning the status of women in the church. As she became more involved in protest and women's lack of equality, Mies became critical of religion and left the Catholic church. She taught at the newly founded
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argument, the central theme of the work was that the exploitation and oppression of women and colonised people were not secondary results caused by capitalism, but fundamental to creating the mechanisms of global production.
445:, later became her husband. In 1967, her mother became gravely ill and Mies asked to be released early from her contract. Soon after her return to Germany her mother made a full recovery, and Mies enrolled at the
335:
approach in methodology and in economics. Her pioneering work, which included writing textbooks on the history of women's movements, has garnered international analysis and been translated into several languages.
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to become a primary school teacher. In order to attend courses free of charge, she had to agree to teach for five years. After two years of study, she was assigned to primary schools in Auel and later in
3135:
1441:
677:, women are limited by systems designed, controlled, and administered by health providers and government officials. She became more active in pacifist activities, participating in a resistance camp
2090:[Proceedings: Maria Mies, Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale Women in the International Division of Labour. Zed Books Ltd, Third World Books, New Jersey, 1986, 251 pages.].
241:, India, she discovered that while her male students took German courses to further their education, women for the most part took her classes to avoid marriage. Returning to study at the
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2088:"Comptes Rendus: Maria Mies, Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale Women in the International Division of Labour. Zed Books Ltd, Third World Books, New Jersey, 1986, 251 pages"
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534:
269:
131:
1840:"Reviewed Works: Feminist Frontiers: Rethinking Sex, Gender, and Society by Laurel Richardson, Verta Taylor; Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli-Klein"
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In 1981, Mies decided to return to
Cologne and the University of Applied Sciences and Sarkar, her husband, joined her there permanently in 1982. She became involved in the
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1255:
233:, and initially trained to be a teacher. After working for several years as a primary school teacher and qualifying as a high school instructor, she applied to the
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to create a historiography of women's movements for Africa, Asia, the
Caribbean, and Latin America with help from academics and activists from those countries.
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allowing each to continue their careers in their respective countries. That year, she joined with other activists, mainly students of her classes, to found the
457:. Using her observations during her time in India about women's behaviour and the contradictions of social expectations for women, she prepared her PhD thesis
311:. She coined the phrase "housewifisation" for the processes that devalue women's labour and make it invisible. From the 1980s, she wrote extensively about the
757:. PrĂŒgl questioned whether housewifisation as an underpinning of capitalism failed to evaluate whether exploitation was instead related to global patriarchy.
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2147:[Translation Entry: Housewifisation (H). Frigga Haug. Historical-Critical Dictionary of Marxism, HKWM Volume 5. Berlin 2001, 1209â1215.]
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2145:"Tradução do Verbete: Hausfrauisierung (H). Frigga Haug. Historisch-Kritisches Wörterbuch des Marxismus, HKWM Band 5. Berlin 2001, 1209â1215"
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The late 1960s and early 1970s was a period of global protest and Mies became involved in activism. She participated in protests against the
245:, she prepared her dissertation about contradictions of social expectations for women in India in 1971, earning her PhD the following year.
2439:[Multisystemic Crises and Resistance in Latin American Territories: Dialogue with Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva about Ecofeminism].
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561:) in Cologne, one of the first of its kind in Germany. Mies lectured at the shelter, teaching women practical and political ways to combat
2311:
2437:"Crisis multisistémicas y resistencias en los territorios latinoamericanos. Diålogo con Maria Mies y Vandana Shiva desde el ecofeminismo"
768:(1986), Mies evaluated the development of feminism, the sexual division of labour, and how violence shaped politics in Africa, Asia, and
710:(1982), which evaluated her years in India, as well as later works like "Sexist and Racist Implications of New Reproductive Technology" (
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3011:
3150:
3140:
641:
2700:"Reviewed Work: The Politics of Money: Towards Sustainability and Economic Democracy by Frances Hutchinson, Mary Mellor, Wendy Olsen"
565:. She returned to the University of Applied Sciences in 1977, but decided to conduct a research project in India the following year.
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438:
1981:"Reproductive Technology: What Is the Impact of Fertility Treatment and Regenerative Medicine on Society? by Azumi Tsuge (review)"
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in the 1970s. Becoming aware of the lack of knowledge about women's history, she helped found and then gave lectures at the first
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356:, Germany, on 6 February 1931 to Johann and Gertrud Mies. She came from a rural background, growing up in a family of farmers in
353:
1512:
1279:"Early Volcanological Research in the Vulkaneifel, Germany, the Classic Region of MaarâDiatreme Volcanoes: The Years 1774â1865"
542:
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plan to station nuclear warheads in
Germany in 1983. Her pacifism was reinforced by her opposition to the idea put forth by
618:, wrote a series of texts for their students to use. Launching an international research project, she worked with scholars
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From the mid-1980s, Mies published her most important works which explored the links between patriarchy, capitalism and
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internationally by their common experiences related to capitalist expansion. According to the environmental scholar
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and realised how little was known about women's history. In 1976, she married Sarkar, with the intent of having a
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Ferrero, said that Mies and Shiva pointed out that globalisation led to a crisis which reduced human freedoms by
1393:
694:, formed in 1999, and organised feministAttac, in 2001 at the association's congress, held that year in Berlin.
2895:"The Challenges of a Kurdish Ecofeminist Perspective: Maria Mies, Abdullah Ăcalan, and the Praxis of JineolojĂź"
2357:
1713:
2821:
1711:
Sprague, Joey; Zimmerman, Mary K. (March 1989). "Quality and
Quantity: Reconstructing Feminist Methodology".
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has had international impact, and has been translated into several languages, including
Spanish and Turkish.
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541:, hoping she could convince the university to establish a women's study chair. In 1975, she attended the
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1992:
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59:
2300:"Reviewed Work: Women: the Last Colony by Maria Mies, Veronika Bennholdt-Thomsen, Claudia Von Werlhof"
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963:————— (1981). "The Social Origins of the Sexual Division of Labour".
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were pressed to limit births to control population growth. Mies also pointed out that to exercise
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Returning to Germany and the University of Applied Sciences in 1981, Mies became involved in the
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2358:"Skill, Dependency, and Differentiation: Artisans and Agents in the Lucknow Embroidery Industry"
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467:) in 1971. She earned her doctorate in 1972, and her thesis was published the following year.
312:
2447:(10). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Sociedad de EconomĂa CrĂtica de Argentina y Uruguay: 171â177.
1644:(1). Berlin, Germany: Institut fĂŒr Sozialwissenschaften Otto-von-Guericke-UniversitĂ€t: 1â12.
1634:"The Quantitative/Qualitative Debate and Feminist Research: A Subjective View of Objectivity"
1432:"Pune Recalls Association with Maria Mies, German Sociologist and Ecofeminist Who Died at 92"
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Patriarchy and Accumulation On A World Scale: Women in the International Division of Labour
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Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale Women in the International Division of Labour
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865:(1999), Mies and Bennholdt-Thomsen argued that subsistence production, the production of
229:, an activist for women's rights, and an author. She came from a rural background in the
1576:"The Freedom of Information Act as a Methodological Tool: Suing the Government for Data"
1304:
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816:
772:. In her analysis, the process of "housewifisation" was based on the Western ideals of
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487:
397:
253:
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Mies was active in social movements from the late 1960s. Her activism was in favour of
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2579:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs.
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2024:
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2220:"Home-Based Workers: A Comparative Exploration of Mies's Theory of Housewifization"
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An illustration of the "iceberg model" from Mies and Bennholdt-Thomsen's 1999 book
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442:
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372:, while boarding with a family friend. She then started at the Regino-Gymnasium in
201:
2919:
2856:
2599:
1769:"Reviewed Work: Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli Klein"
1508:"Reviewed Work: Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli Klein"
344:
2976:(1). Ankara, Turkey: Kadın Sorunları AraĆtırma ve Uygulama Merkezi'nin: 101â106.
941:
Indian Women and Patriarchy: Conflicts and Dilemmas of Students and Working Women
810:
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movements to critique policies that established power relationships in society.
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1980:
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former pupil, Sarkar, who at the time was a lecturer at the Goethe Institute in
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331:. One of her main concerns was the development of an alternative, feminist and
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2797:(in German). Hannover Nord, Germany: Institut fĂŒr Frauen-Biographieforschung.
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2721:
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2602:[GeneviĂšve Pruvost, Political Daily. Feminism, Ecology, Subsistence].
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2052:(in German). Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Attac TrÀgerverein e.V. 22 May 2023.
2016:
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International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior
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2600:"GeneviĂšve Pruvost, Quotidien Politique. FĂ©minisme, Ă©cologie, subsistance"
588:
The Lacemakers of Narsapur: Indian Housewives Produce for the World Market
2509:
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1099:—————; Bennholdt-Thomsen, Veronika (1999).
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Lace Makers of Narsapur: Indian Housewives Produce for the World Market
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225:(6 February 1931 â 15 May 2023) was a German professor of sociology, a
1950:
1912:
2785:
Maria Mies: Das Dorf und die Welt â Lebensgeschichten Zeitgeschichten
2108:
388:
2379:
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1790:
1529:
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activists. Her original concept of "housewifisation", introduced in
2667:
Mind the Gap: Mainstreaming Gender and Participation in Development
1934:
1861:
2546:
Packard, Truman G.; Koettl, Johannes; Montenegro, Claudio (2012).
1254:(in German). Cologne, Germany: Kölner Frauengeschichtsverein e.V.
1018:—————; Bennholdt-Thomsen, Veronika;
866:
849:
819:, who aligned with male peasants' fight to protect their rights.
691:
640:
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in 1982. She returned to Europe after accepting a position at the
572:
469:
384:
343:
148:
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women's and other social movements. She was a founding member of
425:
In 1963, Mies was accepted by the Goethe Institute to lecture in
404:. Unwilling to be a secondary school teacher, she applied to the
2968:['Re-Weaving the World' Ecofeminism by Shiva and Mies].
787:, written with social scientists Veronika Bennholdt-Thomsen and
682:
426:
238:
586:. The results of her study of rural industry were published as
967:(85). Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands.
873:
for personal or community use, has been devalued, hidden, and
90:
1078:
The Daughters of Development: Women in a Changing Environment
376:, but the school was closed in September 1944 because of the
2159:(2). FlorianĂłpolis, Brazil: Instituto de Estudos de Genero,
1364:(in German). Hamburg, Germany: Spiegel-Verlag. 19 May 2023.
237:, hoping to work in Africa or Asia. Assigned to a school in
506:(Women's Forum Cologne), a local women's group tied to the
1101:
The Subsistence Perspective: Beyond the Globalised Economy
953:(English translation of her thesis). â via
905:
Das Dorf und die Welt: Lebensgeschichten â Zeitgeschichten
764:
in the exploitation and subjugation of women. In the book
2966:"'DĂŒnyayı Yeniden Dokumak' Shiva ve Mies'den Ekofeminizm"
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
1913:"Reviewed Work: Ecofeminism by Maria Mies, Vandana Shiva"
2672:
International Institute for Environment and Development
2549:
In from the Shadow: Integrating Europe's Informal Labor
2435:
Andrieu, Jimena; Eliosoff Ferrero, MarĂa Julia (2019).
514:
and the devaluation of women. She participated in the
3136:
Academic staff of the Technical University of Cologne
2857:"Neoliberal Capitalism and the 'New Sexual Contract'"
535:
University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research
474:
University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research
270:
University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research
132:
University of Frankfurt Institute for Social Research
1580:
Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice
669:
to increase their child-bearing, while women in the
18:
German professor of sociology and author (1931â2023)
2046:"Wir haben eine aufrichtige Mitstreiterin verloren"
195:
154:
143:
117:
100:
79:
67:
41:
25:
2487:[Analytical Framework for Two Economies].
1688:"28 Feminist Methodology in Sociological Research"
533:, before accepting a post in 1974 to teach at the
537:. For three years, she presented seminars on the
2048:[We've Lost a Genuine Comrade-in-Arms].
391:and then enrolled at the Pedagogical Academy in
2573:Perez-Lopez, Jorge; Schoepfle, Gregory (1993).
2143:Teixeira, Mylene N.; Strazzeri, Victor (2001).
1396:[Stories Experienced with Maria Mies].
2791:The Village and the World â My Life, Our Times
2489:
1204:(in German). Bochum, Germany: Buxus Stiftung.
1126:. North Melbourne, Australia: Spinifex Press.
749:confirmed that they were. Using data from the
364:region of the Prussian Rhine Province (now in
2552:. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Publications.
1906:
1904:
1902:
1468:"Passing Away: Emeritus Professor Maria Mies"
1425:
1423:
1421:
1277:Lutz, Herbert; Lorenz, Volker (August 2013).
1124:The Village and the World: My Life, Our Times
910:The Village and the World: My Life, Our Times
8:
1122:————— (2010).
1072:————— (1998).
995:————— (1986).
972:————— (1982).
903:
797:
501:
458:
169:Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale
2888:
2886:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2071:
460:Rollenkonflikte gebildeter indischer Frauen
2865:European Consortium for Political Research
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
1985:East Asian Science, Technology and Society
33:
22:
2981:
2356:Wilkinson-Weber, Clare M. (Winter 1997).
2107:
1833:
1831:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1476:International Institute of Social Studies
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1312:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
943:. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
606:. To enable her students to complete the
592:International Institute of Social Studies
408:and asked for a placement in Asia or the
282:International Institute of Social Studies
137:International Institute of Social Studies
2504:for the Economic Theory Society: 48â62.
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
1506:Schmitz, Betty (JanuaryâFebruary 1985).
1387:
1385:
1383:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
912:, 2008). In a review, feminist academic
525:(political night-prayers), organised by
276:in Germany. In 1979, she began teaching
3176:20th-century German non-fiction writers
2893:Piccardi, Eleonora Gea (January 2022).
1461:
1459:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
539:historic international women's movement
465:Role Conflicts of Educated Indian Women
2161:Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
645:Cologne University of Applied Sciences
531:Cologne University of Applied Sciences
266:Cologne University of Applied Sciences
127:Cologne University of Applied Sciences
2855:Casalini, Brunella (September 2017).
2576:The Informal Sector and Worker Rights
2225:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
1911:Sandilands, Catriona (January 1996).
1632:Westmarland, Nicole (February 2001).
1430:Mascarenhas, Anuradha (17 May 2023).
1045:—————;
779:Picking up themes of domination from
7:
3014:from the original on 13 January 2022
1693:Methodology of Research in Sociology
1394:"Erlebte Geschichten mit Maria Mies"
1767:Griffith, Alison I. (Autumn 1986).
1392:Mengel, Monika (31 December 2006).
825:(1993), witten by Mies and scholar
1638:Forum: Qualitative Social Research
14:
3186:20th-century German women writers
3171:Writers from Rhineland-Palatinate
3106:Interview: Maria Mies (Köln 2018)
2218:PrĂŒgl, Elisabeth (January 1996).
1723:American Sociological Association
1208:from the original on 8 March 2023
751:International Labour Organization
653:, as well as in activism against
439:Tata Institute of Social Sciences
160:
3033:Bardhan, Kalpana (Spring 1990).
2871:from the original on 21 May 2023
2801:from the original on 19 May 2023
2712:(3). Thousand Oaks, California:
2608:Ăcole normale supĂ©rieure de Lyon
2169:10.1590/1806-9584-2018v26n256412
2056:from the original on 23 May 2023
1574:Yeager, Matthew G. (July 2006).
1482:from the original on 24 May 2023
1444:from the original on 18 May 2023
1406:from the original on 19 May 2023
1368:from the original on 19 May 2023
1258:from the original on 16 May 2023
2836:from the original on 5 May 2023
2370:(1). Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania:
1513:The Journal of Higher Education
1402:(in German). Cologne, Germany.
1293:Springer Science+Business Media
614:, a political scientist at the
210:
3049:Johns Hopkins University Press
2964:Toksoy, N. Gamze (June 2021).
2820:Bagley, Jennifer (July 2017).
2705:Organization & Environment
2494:/ Political Economic Quarterly
2372:University of Pittsburgh Press
1700:. Search term "participatory".
702:Mies's earliest works such as
264:. She taught sociology at the
1:
3035:"Being A Woman in South Asia"
2920:10.1080/10455752.2021.1905016
2441:Cuadernos de EconomĂa CrĂtica
1991:(1). Durham, North Carolina:
1838:Barnes, Nancy (Spring 1985).
1774:Canadian Journal of Sociology
1076:. In Sittirak, Sinith (ed.).
902:Mies wrote an autobiography,
898:Later life, death, and legacy
2234:University of Nebraska Press
1686:Chaudhuri, Ritu Sen (2018).
1466:Dubel, Ireen (22 May 2023).
675:decisions about their bodies
296:, based on feminist theory.
2903:Capitalism Nature Socialism
2606:(in French). Lyon, France:
2310:(2). Halifax, Nova Scotia:
2304:Labour, Capital and Society
2086:Léveillé, Danielle (1988).
1854:University of Chicago Press
1783:University of Toronto Press
1588:University of Toronto Press
1522:Ohio State University Press
922:Patriarchy and Accumulation
863:The Subsistence Perspective
856:The Subsistence Perspective
781:Patriarchy and Accumulation
708:The Lace Makers of Narsapur
636:Theories of Women's Studies
508:women's liberation movement
433:, later became head of the
187:The Subsistence Perspective
163:Indian Women and Patriarchy
3222:
3156:Anti-globalization writers
3047:(1). Baltimore, Maryland:
3040:Journal of Women's History
2863:. Hythe Quay, Colchester:
2153:Revista Estudos Feministas
2098:(2). Quebec City, Quebec:
1474:. The Hague, Netherlands:
704:Indian Women in Patriarchy
383:From 1947, she trained in
3206:Women's studies academics
3151:German women sociologists
3141:Feminist studies scholars
2789:[Review: Maria Mies,
2722:10.1177/10860266030163010
2490:
1925:(1). New York, New York:
1690:. In Ghosh, Ghosh (ed.).
1314:10.1007/s00445-013-0743-0
1252:frauengeschichtsverein.de
1196:Schuster, Stefan (2020).
892:Western Sydney University
798:
730:, ecology, feminist, and
602:programme for women from
543:World Conference on Women
502:
292:programme for women from
32:
3181:German political writers
2598:Dreysse, Carmen (2022).
2483:
2232:(1). Lincoln, Nebraska:
2001:10.1215/18752160-2835763
1852:(3). Chicago, Illinois:
1714:The American Sociologist
804:anthropology professor,
340:Early life and education
303:and in activism against
3201:People from Vulkaneifel
3196:Women political writers
2983:10.46655/federgi.946958
2861:ECPR General Conference
2826:Critics & Theorists
2660:Kanji, Nazneen (2003).
2312:Saint Mary's University
1781:(3). Toronto, Ontario:
1756:(subscription required)
1586:(4). Tornoto, Ontario:
1284:Bulletin of Volcanology
1246:Franken, Irene (2021).
958:(subscription required)
698:Scholarly contributions
659:reproductive technology
598:. There, she created a
309:reproductive technology
129:(1972â1974; 1981â1993)
3057:10.1353/jowh.2010.0193
2616:10.4000/lectures.53857
2481:Kazuo, Suzuki (2019).
1751: â via
1696:. Gandhinagar, India:
1596:10.3138/cjccj.48.4.499
1291:(8). Berlin, Germany:
1024:Women: The Last Colony
904:
858:
800:Université de Montréal
785:Women: The Last Colony
663:assisted fertilisation
646:
608:practical requirements
578:
516:Politische Nachtgebete
512:patriarchal structures
475:
459:
349:
175:Women: The Last Colony
107:Professor of sociology
2092:Recherches FĂ©ministes
1993:Duke University Press
1979:Kato, Yutaka (2015).
1520:(1). Columbus, Ohio:
965:ISS Occasional Papers
853:
644:
616:University of Colombo
576:
473:
447:University of Cologne
387:where she earned her
347:
329:environmental justice
243:University of Cologne
87:University of Cologne
2912:Taylor & Francis
2828:. Atlanta, Georgia:
2777:(20 February 2009).
2674:. pp. viiâxii.
2510:10.20667/peq.56.2_48
1927:Taylor & Francis
1721:. Albany, New York:
1650:10.17169/fqs-2.1.974
1202:fritz-bauer-forum.de
1020:Werlhof, Claudia von
939:Mies, Maria (1980).
774:capital accumulation
737:Political scientist
651:ecofeminist movement
604:developing countries
366:Rhineland-Palatinate
301:ecofeminist movement
294:developing countries
3146:German sociologists
2910:(1). Abingdon, UK:
2500:(2). Tokyo, Japan:
1305:2013BVol...75..743L
832:Catriona Sandilands
789:Claudia von Werlhof
783:, Mies's 1988 book
655:genetic engineering
416:Career and activism
360:, a village in the
305:genetic engineering
2698:(September 2003).
2502:Musashi University
1918:Economic Geography
1731:10.1007/BF02697788
1437:The Indian Express
859:
647:
612:Kumari Jayawardena
579:
577:Saral Sarkar, 2010
510:, which protested
476:
437:department at the
350:
250:women's liberation
147:Frauenforum Köln,
58:, Rhine Province,
2681:978-1-84369-466-3
2559:978-0-8213-9550-9
2298:(November 1989).
2155:(in Portuguese).
2050:Attac Deutschland
1440:. Mumbai, India.
1133:978-1-876756-82-6
1114:978-1-85649-776-3
1091:978-1-85649-588-2
1084:. pp. xâxv.
1064:978-1-85649-156-3
1037:978-0-86232-455-1
1010:978-1-85649-735-0
987:978-0-86232-032-4
551:visiting marriage
484:nuclear armaments
352:Mies was born in
262:nuclear armaments
220:
219:
3213:
3191:German feminists
3107:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
2985:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2899:
2890:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2830:Emory University
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2493:
2492:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2432:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2296:Meintel, Deirdre
2292:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2215:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2150:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2124:on 6 August 2022
2120:. Archived from
2111:
2109:10.7202/057523ar
2100:Université Laval
2083:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1908:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1835:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1698:INFLIBNET Centre
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1503:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1427:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1389:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1356:"Maria Mies, 92"
1352:
1335:
1334:
1316:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1243:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1193:
1137:
1118:
1095:
1068:
1041:
1014:
991:
968:
959:
952:
907:
814:
803:
802:
793:Marxist feminist
747:
524:
505:
504:
503:Frauenforum Köln
499:
462:
406:Goethe Institute
256:and against the
235:Goethe Institute
227:Marxist feminist
214:
212:
157:
122:Goethe Institute
74:
51:
49:
37:
23:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3116:
3115:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3015:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2948:
2946:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2779:Pusch, Luise F.
2773:
2772:
2768:
2758:
2756:
2714:SAGE Publishing
2694:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2528:
2496:(in Japanese).
2485:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2434:
2433:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2380:10.2307/3773935
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2294:
2293:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2242:10.2307/3346904
2217:
2216:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2085:
2084:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1961:
1910:
1909:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1837:
1836:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1791:10.2307/3341107
1766:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1685:
1684:
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1670:
1668:
1631:
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1614:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1530:10.2307/1981725
1505:
1504:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1465:
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1457:
1447:
1445:
1429:
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1419:
1409:
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1391:
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1338:
1276:
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1245:
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1211:
1209:
1195:
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1134:
1121:
1115:
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1092:
1071:
1065:
1044:
1038:
1017:
1011:
994:
988:
971:
962:
957:
938:
935:
900:
884:informal labour
808:
806:Deirdre Meintel
741:
739:Elisabeth PrĂŒgl
700:
687:Alice Schwarzer
628:Saskia Wieringa
600:master's degree
571:
555:women's shelter
518:
493:
435:women's studies
423:
418:
342:
290:master's degree
278:women's studies
274:women's shelter
216:
213: 1976)
208:
204:
155:
144:Organisation(s)
135:
130:
125:
113:
96:
72:
63:
53:
52:6 February 1931
47:
45:
28:
19:
12:
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3128:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3100:
3099:External links
3097:
3094:
3093:
3025:
2972:(in Turkish).
2956:
2882:
2847:
2812:
2766:
2687:
2680:
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2473:
2443:(in Spanish).
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1971:
1935:10.2307/144510
1898:
1862:10.1086/494163
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1047:Shiva, Vandana
1042:
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934:
933:Selected works
931:
899:
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817:Andhra Pradesh
699:
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570:
567:
527:Dorothee Sölle
486:in the annual
422:
419:
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288:and founded a
231:Volcanic Eifel
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2822:"Mies, Maria"
2816:
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2775:Klein, Renate
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2101:
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2094:(in French).
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2074:
2072:
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2014:
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156:Notable work
134:(1974â1977)
124:(1963â1967)
73:(2023-05-15)
20:
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3131:2023 deaths
3126:1931 births
3051:: 200â219.
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2314:: 388â391.
2236:: 114â135.
2102:: 149â152.
1856:: 579â581.
1785:: 311â314.
1590:: 499â521.
1524:: 101â103.
1361:Der Spiegel
1299:: 743â758.
1051:Ecofeminism
927:Ecofeminism
844:privatising
823:Ecofeminism
809: [
762:colonialism
742: [
728:anti-racist
706:(1980) and
547:Mexico City
519: [
494: [
480:Vietnam War
441:. Another,
410:Middle East
362:Vulkaneifel
325:colonialism
258:Vietnam War
181:Ecofeminism
139:(1979â1981)
118:Employer(s)
101:Occupations
71:15 May 2023
3161:Autonomism
3120:Categories
3073:4896481013
3000:9530898453
2936:9472984417
2746:7851086801
2670:. London:
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1815:5546268950
1747:5656565707
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1331:5659170779
1142:References
1103:. London:
1080:. London:
1053:. London:
1026:. London:
999:. London:
976:. London:
755:capitalism
681:against a
679:protesting
620:Mia Berden
559:Frauenhaus
455:René König
370:Gerolstein
354:Hillesheim
333:decolonial
321:patriarchy
317:capitalism
223:Maria Mies
56:Hillesheim
48:1931-02-06
27:Maria Mies
3081:145690300
3065:1042-7961
3008:238824195
2992:1309-128X
2944:233695302
2928:1045-5752
2914:: 46â65.
2754:220752627
2730:1086-0266
2662:"Preface"
2640:246312772
2624:2116-5289
2518:1882-5184
2453:2408-400X
2388:0014-1828
2374:: 49â65.
2363:Ethnology
2320:0706-1706
2250:0160-9009
2185:150292239
2177:0104-026X
2118:0838-4479
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1929:: 96â99.
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1612:361889328
1604:1707-7753
1538:0022-1546
1472:IISS News
1323:0258-8900
1105:Zed Books
1082:Zed Books
1074:"Preface"
1055:Zed Books
1028:Zed Books
1001:Zed Books
978:Zed Books
667:surrogacy
596:The Hague
584:Hyderabad
569:1978â2001
451:sociology
449:to study
421:1963â1977
286:The Hague
80:Education
62:, Germany
3012:Archived
2970:Fe Dergi
2869:Archived
2834:Archived
2799:Archived
2738:26162484
2604:Lectures
2328:43157888
2054:Archived
2025:75669458
1480:Archived
1442:Archived
1404:Archived
1366:Archived
1295:for the
1256:Archived
1206:Archived
1049:(1993).
1022:(1988).
871:services
811:wikidata
744:wikidata
716:unionise
563:violence
488:pacifist
315:between
254:pacifism
3111:YouTube
2787:, 2008"
2781:(ed.).
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1301:Bibcode
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393:Koblenz
280:at the
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196:Spouse
189:(1999)
183:(1993)
177:(1988)
171:(1986)
165:(1980)
110:Writer
3077:S2CID
3004:S2CID
2940:S2CID
2898:(PDF)
2750:S2CID
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2254:JSTOR
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