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house of correction), a sentence she served. The pious minister's daughter passed the time singing "clean religious and republican songs". When freed, she published a pamphlet against the
Napoleontic conscription that characterized it as a "terrible and hateful requirement" ("verfoeilijke hatelijke requisitie"). This attack on the backbone of the Bonapartes' military dictatorship put her on its list of enemies of the regime, and she was to have been locked up in the castle at
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was not based on her birth, but was an apologia founded on the mental disturbance of a clergyman's daughter, stating that she was "in such a way touchingly thrown away from her naturally calm state of mind by her body" ("zodanig een aandoenlijk en door aandoenlijkheid buiten de natuurlijke staat van
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by the
Lijnbaansgracht, on the upper storey of number 99, all that was found after her death was "an empty cabinet, a desk with some female clothes of little value, two boxes of books and writings, a rag-blanket, two old chairs, a bed with two cushions, a few further bits of undignified junk". Yet
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She was taken in and helped by her relation
Wiselius and her mother's seamstress. Mietje then established herself in London where she got to know her Mennonite relations. Reports that she wanted to try to murder Napoleon in 1810 in his palace in Amsterdam or Apeldoorn appear to be unsupported by
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During the trial Mietje suffered a nervous breakdown, which became apparent when, at the moment the judges ordered her to apologise, she suddenly could not produce a single word. With no defence, she thus was condemned on 18 July 1806 to two years at her own expense in the stadsverbeterhuis (city
222:' Latin motto "In magnis volvisse satis" (or "sat est"), meaning "It is enough to have aimed for great things". The progressive Maria Aletta Hulshoff returned to the Netherlands in 1820 to take on further political activities. In 1827, in her last pamphlet, she wrote in favour of hygiene and
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Oproeping van het
Bataafsche volk, om deszelfs denkwijze en wil openlijk aan den dag te leggen, tegen de overheersching door eenen vreemdeling, waarmede het vaderland bedreigd wordt (Amsterdam 1806). (This was probably the work of Samuel Wiselius, but the pamphlet only appeared under her
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She wrote her second pamphlet, Oproeping aan het
Bataafse volk ("An Appeal to the Batavian People", 1806), under her own name. She took up the task when she heard rumours that Napoleon was considering making one of his brothers king of Holland, and wrote in it against the imposition of
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Contemporaries named her "geëxalteerd", "dweepzuchtig" or "hysterisch" ("hysterical"), since it was then considered that a woman should always hold her tongue on everything in the male-controlled domains of science, morals and politics. Hulshoff was happy to compare herself with
140:- it is possible it was published under her name to protect Wiselius, the real author. She was taken into custody but because the authorities understood that the young woman was not the real author and the evidence against Wiselius was insufficient, the affair came to nothing.
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Gevolgen der voldoening, of iets over de vrage: Verkondigt Gods heilig woord, dat een gedeelte van het menschelijk geslacht, hier namaals, zonder einde boosaardig en lijdend zal blijven; of verkondigt hetzelve de eindelijke zaligheid van alle menschen? (Amsterdam
172:. With help of the French, we could finally have dismissed the hated stadholder eleven years ago. Truly. For they wanted to give us back the rights that belonged to us.... Over us, one man wants to hand a sceptre to a strange sovereign. We will turn into a
205:, one of the prisons for political adversaries of Napoleon's regime, but she got to know of this and - disguised as a man - fled to Amsterdam before she could be imprisoned. The description given of her broadcast by the authorities after her escape read:
184:, Germany, but - in combative mood - she escaped the grip of her family and returned to Holland. She sought the publicity that a trial would bring and demanded in a letter that she immediately be arrested. The strategy of her defenders Valckenaer and
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in the United States, where she wrote and published in
English her "Handbook for pacifist-republicans" under the title "Republicans' Peace Manual". The subtitle of this work was borrowed from
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Johan Joor, "De adelaar en het lam". Onrust, opruiing en onwilligheid in
Nederland ten tijde van het Koninkrijk Holland en de inlijving bij het Franse keizerrijk (1806-1813) (Amsterdam 2000).
176:. One man will make us slaves. The state will fail. Trade will dry up. Our sons will be conscripted as soldiers of a strange ruler, led away to the slaughterhouse in faraway lands.
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Dr. A.J.C.M. Gabriëls, "Maria Aletta
Hulshoff (1781-1846), politiek activiste en publiciste", in het Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland, een digitale publicatie uit 2004.
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All but five copies of this pamphlet were destroyed by the authorities. Maria Aletta
Hulshoff's family therefore kidnapped her and took her to safety in
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197:. This defense would make the unmarried Mietje unconvincing as a politician and so she dismissed Bilderdijk and Valckenaer and mounted her own defence.
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Maria Aletta
Hulshoff, 27 Years old, short and slight of figure, a little crooked; dark of complexion, dark brown hair, nose and mouth average,
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trustworthy sources, for the sources make clear he was well-guarded during his stays. From 1811 until 1820 she lived as a voluntary exile in
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J.A. Sillem, "Het leven van mr. Johan Valckenaer" (1759-1821). Naar onuitgegeven bronnen bewerkt 2 (Amsterdam 1876) 203-211 en bijlage xxv.
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preacher Allard Hulshoff (1734-1795) and Anna Debora van Oosterwijk (1745-1812), and for her whole life held onto her father's democratic,
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Who has not heard the rumours? The rumours that prince Louis Bonaparte will rule under the title of king over the Batavians....Since the
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Peace republican’s manual, or the French constitution of 1793 and the Declaration of the rights of man and of citizens (New York 1817).
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J.M. H en H.Ch. H, de beschrijving van het geslacht Hulshoff in de reeks Nederland’s Patriciaat (het "Blauwe boekje", deel 28 (1942).
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Her first pamphlet, writes her biographer Geertje Wiersma, was a dissertation on democracy written by the prominent patriot
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34:
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J. van den Bergh van Eysinga-Elias, "Het intellectueele leven der Nederlandsche vrouw in 1813", in: Tentoonstelling ‘
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De "Verzameling van brieven, gewisseld tusschen Valerius Publicola te Amsterdam en Caius Manlius te Utrecht" 1804
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geestbedaardheid geworpen juffer"). The background to this defence is the 19th-century view that an unsatisfied
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was she rich, for she owned 22,400 guilder in paper money that she had left with Wiselius and other friends.
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Like many Mennonites, Maria remained single her whole life and had no children. In her rooms at the
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and, like Joan, she played some part in bringing on herself some of the dangers she encountered.
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De koepok-inenting beschouwd, en tien bedenkingen overwogen: voor minkundigen (Amsterdam 1827).
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Waarschouwing tegen de requisitie, welke men in ons vaderland wil invoeren (Haarlem 1809).
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290:"Mietje Hulshoff was geen mietje", article by Saskia Jansen in het Handelsblad, 6-8-2007
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Johanna Stouten, "Willem Anthonie Ockerse" (1760-1826). Leven en werk (Amsterdam 1982).
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P. van Limburg Brouwer, "Het leven van Samuel Iperuszoon Wiselius" (Groningen 1846).
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Johanna Stouten, "Maria Aletta Hulshoff" (1781-1846), dweepster of idealiste?".
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Willem Frijhoff, Marijke Spies, Dutch Culture in a European Perspective, p233
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Geertje Wiersma, "Mietje Hulshoff of De aanslag op Napoleon" (Amsterdam 2003).
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Droevige klagt van een aalmoeseniers-weeskind (z.p. 1808).
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Tijdschrift over Nederlandse letterkunde I (1984) 2, 72-79.
193:(hystera being the Greek for uterus) makes a woman
303:’. Twaalf voordrachten (Zaltbommel 1913) 191-220.
101:– 10 February 1846, Amsterdam) was a Dutch
43:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
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74:Learn how and when to remove this message
344:"Herkauwer writes on Mietje Hulshoff at
156:as her choice for the leadership of the
375:Members of the Dutch Patriots faction
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410:19th-century pseudonymous writers
400:19th-century Dutch women writers
380:20th-century Dutch women writers
168:, we have been oppressed by the
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339:Biography and bibliography at
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385:20th-century Dutch writers
29:This article includes a
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152:and for the Patriot
301:De Vrouw 1813–1913
31:list of references
235:Egelantiersgracht
186:Willem Bilderdijk
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