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during that time. By comparing the success rates of 323 violent and nonviolent campaigns, Stephan and
Chenoweth demonstrate that only 26% of violent revolutions were successful, whereas 53% of nonviolent campaigns were successful. Of the 25 largest movements they studied, 20 were nonviolent, and they
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The authors coined a rule about the level of participation necessary for a movement to succeed, called the "3.5% rule": nearly every movement with active participation from at least 3.5% of the population succeeded. All of the campaigns that achieved that threshold were nonviolent.
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found that nonviolent movements attracted four times as many participants on average than violent movements. They also demonstrated that nonviolent movements tended to precede the development of more democratic regimes than violent movements.
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Kezer, Robert Allen (1 April 2012). "Erica
Chenoweth & Maria J. Stephan (2011). Why civil resistance works: The strategic logic of nonviolent conflict. New York: Columbia University Press".
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681:"Maria J. Stephan (MALD '02, PhD '05) Receives Inaugural Henry J. Leir Human Security Award for Groundbreaking Scholarship in Civil Resistance and Nonviolent Conflict"
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655:"Institute for Human Security Celebrates the Henry J. Leir Professorship in International Humanitarian Studies and the Inaugural Henry J. Leir Human Security Award"
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261:. The book studies the success rates of civil resistance efforts from 1900 to 2006, focusing on the major violent and nonviolent efforts to bring about
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at
Fletcher University for "outstanding Fletcher alumni who have made significant contributions to the scholarship and/or practice of human security".
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Rineheart, Jason (1 March 2012). "Erica
Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan. Why Civil Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict".
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178:. She is Co-Lead and Chief Organizer with the Horizons Project. Previously, she was the Director of the program on nonviolent action at the
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where she was the lead foreign affairs officer for the Bureau of
Conflict and Stabilization Operations, and at
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683:. Medford, MA, USA: The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. 22 September 2015.
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This article is about an
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657:. Medford, MA, USA: The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. 2015.
556:"It may only take 3.5% of the population to topple a dictator – with civil resistance"
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for Ideas
Improving World Order. In 2015 Stephan was the recipient of the inaugural
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633:"Grawemeyer celebration to feature conversation on "Why Civil Resistance Works""
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Before working with the United States
Institute of Peace, Stephan worked at the
786:"If we are naturally violent, why do armies spend so much on training to kill?"
528:"The Guardian view on Extinction Rebellion: numbers alone won't create change"
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734:"If 3.5% of the US Gets on Board With Climate Protesting, Change Will Happen"
230:, which is a graduate fellowship dedicated to public service. She was also a
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Why Civil
Resistance Works: The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict
708:"Want to effect meaningful change? Remember the 3.5-per-cent rule"
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Stephan's work has been covered extensively in media outlets like
585:"My Talk at TEDxBoulder: Civil Resistance and the "3.5% Rule""
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436:"The '3.5% rule': How a small minority can change the world"
226:. During her graduate education she was the recipient of a
190:, and the effectiveness of violent and nonviolent types of
284:, Stephan and her coauthor Erica Chenoweth won the 2013
408:"Pair win world order prize for civil resistance study"
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won the 2012 Woodrow Wilson
Foundation Prize from the
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351:"Maria J. Stephan, Co-Lead and Chief Organizer"
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613:. American Political Science Association. 2020
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759:"Why Civil Resistance Movements Succeed"
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832:21st-century American women scientists
278:American Political Science Association
410:. Grawemeyer Awards. 26 November 2012
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635:. Grawemeyer Awards. 21 October 2015
583:Chenoweth, Erica (4 November 2013).
216:Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
77:Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
837:21st-century American women writers
822:American women political scientists
784:Bakshi, Rajni (30 September 2019).
554:Erica Chenoweth (1 February 2017).
509:Conflict & Communication Online
147:United States Department of Defense
732:Dembicki, Geoff (7 October 2019).
463:"Success of Nonviolent Revolution"
388:. United States Institute of Peace
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687:from the original on 7 March 2017
661:from the original on 7 March 2017
244:United States Department of State
817:American women social scientists
706:Besner, Linda (4 October 2019).
222:degree in Law and Diplomacy and
180:United States Institute of Peace
157:United States Institute of Peace
257:, Stephan wrote the 2010 book
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827:American political scientists
526:Editorial (21 October 2019).
434:David Robson (14 May 2019).
294:Institute for Human Security
232:J. William Fulbright Scholar
16:American political scientist
228:Harry S. Truman Scholarship
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274:Why Civil Resistance Works
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214:. She then attended the
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611:"Woodrow Wilson Award"
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847:Boston College alumni
589:RationalInsurgent.org
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44:Maria Stephan in 2019
591:. Rational Insurgent
224:Doctor of Philosophy
109:Human Security Award
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712:The Globe and Mail
469:. Inside Higher Ed
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