Knowledge (XXG)

Political science

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simultaneous increase in the total correlation between the 19 major public fears in the Ukrainian society (by about 64%) and in their statistical dispersion (by 29%) during the pre-crisis years. A feature shared by certain major revolutions is that they were not predicted. The theory of apparent inevitability of crises and revolutions was also developed.
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The theory of political transitions, and the methods of analyzing and anticipating crises, form an important part of political science. Several general indicators of crises and methods were proposed for anticipating critical transitions. Among them, one statistical indicator of crisis, a simultaneous
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theories argue that humans have evolved a highly developed set of psychological mechanisms for dealing with politics. However, these mechanisms evolved for dealing with the small group politics that characterized the ancestral environment and not the much larger political structures in today's world.
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The advent of political science as a university discipline was marked by the creation of university departments and chairs with the title of political science arising in the late 19th century. The designation "political scientist" is commonly used to denote someone with a doctorate or master's degree
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in political science was introduced as a reaction against what supporters of the movement called the mathematicization of political science. Those who identified with the movement argued for a plurality of methodologies and approaches in political science and for more relevance of the discipline to
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theses, such as by making specific policy recommendations. The study of politics and policies can be closely connected—for example, in comparative analyses of which types of political institutions tend to produce certain types of policies. Political science provides analysis and predictions about
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formal modelling techniques aimed at generating a more analytical corpus of knowledge in the discipline. This period saw a surge of research that borrowed theory and methods from economics to study political institutions, such as the United States Congress, as well as political behavior, such as
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in large groups, was proposed for crisis anticipation and may be successfully used in various areas. Its applicability for early diagnosis of political crises was demonstrated by the analysis of the prolonged stress period preceding the 2014 Ukrainian economic and political crisis. There was a
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In the 1950s and the 1960s, a behavioral revolution stressing the systematic and rigorously scientific study of individual and group behavior swept the discipline. A focus on studying political behavior, rather than institutions or interpretation of legal texts, characterized early behavioral
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The study of major crises, both political crises and external crises that can affect politics, is not limited to attempts to predict regime transitions or major changes in political institutions. Political scientists also study how governments handle unexpected disasters, and how voters in
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and history. Into the late 19th century, it was still uncommon for political science to be considered a distinct field from history. The term "political science" was not always distinguished from political philosophy, and the modern discipline has a clear set of antecedents including moral
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once said "We are limited by the impossibility of experiment. Politics is an observational, not an experimental science." Because of this, political scientists have historically observed political elites, institutions, and individual or group behaviour in order to identify patterns, draw
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Political scientists may serve as advisers to specific politicians, or even run for office as politicians themselves. Political scientists can be found working in governments, in political parties, or as civil servants. They may be involved with
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As part of a UNESCO initiative to promote political science in the late 1940s, the International Political Science Association was founded in 1949, as well as national associations in France in 1949, Britain in 1950, and West Germany in 1951.
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from economics and other social phenomena. APSA membership rose from 204 in 1904 to 1,462 in 1915. APSA members played a key role in setting up political science departments that were distinct from history, philosophy, law, sociology, and
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Empirical political science methods include the use of field experiments, surveys and survey experiments, case studies, process tracing, historical and institutional analysis, ethnography, participant observation, and interview research.
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Like all social sciences, political science faces the difficulty of observing human actors that can only be partially observed and who have the capacity for making conscious choices, unlike other subjects, such as non-human organisms in
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Political scientists also use and develop theoretical tools like game theory and agent-based models to study a host of political systems and situations. Other approaches include the study of equation-based models and opinion dynamics.
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and in particular those that have a strong cooperation between research, undergraduate, and graduate faculty with a stronger more applied emphasis in public administration, political science would be taught by the university's
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political and governmental issues. Political scientists examine the processes, systems and political dynamics of countries and regions of the world, often to raise public awareness or to influence specific governments.
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Tronconi, Filippo, and Isabelle Engeli. "The networked researcher, the editorial manager, and the traveller: the profiles of international political scientists and the determinants of internationalisation".
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Despite considerable research progress in the discipline based on all types of scholarship discussed above, scholars have noted that progress toward systematic theory has been modest and uneven.
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Political scientists approach the study of politics from a host of different ontological orientations and with a variety of different tools. Because political science is essentially a study of
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covering public policy along with other applied subjects; they are often seen as more linked to politics than any other discipline, which may be reflected by being housed in that department.
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implies a broader approach, although the naming of degree courses does not necessarily reflect their content. Separate, specialized or, in some cases, professional degree programs in
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are common at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, although most but not all undergraduate level education in these sub-fields of political science is generally found in
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in the field. Integrating political studies of the past into a unified discipline is ongoing, and the history of political science has provided a rich field for the growth of both
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defined political science as "the science of the state. Taken in this sense, it includes the organization and functions of the state, and the relation of states one to another."
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Raadschelders, Jos CN, and Kwang‐Hoon Lee. "Trends in the study of public administration: Empirical and qualitative observations from Public Administration Review, 2000–2009."
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Political science, possibly like the social sciences as a whole, can be described "as a discipline which lives on the fault line between the 'two cultures' in the academy, the
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Berlin, Mark Stephen, and Anum Pasha Syed. "The Middle East and North Africa in Political Science Scholarship: Analyzing Publication Patterns in Leading Journals, 1990–2019".
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International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 21, No. 1, Special Issue on International Crisis: Progress and Prospects for Applied Forecasting and Management (March 1977), pp. 15–38
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are connected to political phenomena. In these cases, political science may either inherit their methods of study or develop a contrasting approach. For example,
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Peez, Anton. "Contributions and blind spots of constructivist norms research in international relations, 1980–2018: A systematic evidence and gap analysis".
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As a social science, contemporary political science started to take shape in the latter half of the 19th century and began to separate itself from political
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Kostova, Dobrinka, et al. "Determinants and Diversity of Internationalisation in Political Science: The Role of National Policy Incentives".
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Political science may overlap with topics of study that are the traditional focuses of other social sciences—for example, when sociological
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Breuning, Marijke, Joseph Bredehoft, and Eugene Walton. "Promise and performance: an evaluation of journals in International Relations."
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Hunger, Sophia, and Fred Paxton. "What's in a buzzword? A systematic review of the state of populism research in political science".
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Zaks, Sherry (July 2017). "Relationships Among Rivals (RAR): A Framework for Analyzing Contending Hypotheses in Process Tracing".
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Garand, James C., and Micheal W. Giles. "Journals in the discipline: a report on a new survey of American political scientists".
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The most common piece of academic writing in generalist political sciences is the research paper, which investigates an original
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than elsewhere while universities predating the 1960s or those historically influenced by them would call the field of study
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Alter, Karen J., et al. "Gender and status in American political science: Who determines whether a scholar is noteworthy?."
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and power, and the analysis of political activities, political institutions, political thought and behavior, and associated
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Farewell - peace and justice? : a look back at (my) half a century of political science in times of the Ukraine crisis
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theses (which attempt to describe how things are, as opposed to how they should be) by analysing politics; others advance
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Political theorists approach theories of political phenomena with a similar diversity of positions and tools, including
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The main national honor society for college and university students of government and politics in the United States is
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Brodkin, Evelyn Z. (January 2017). "The Ethnographic Turn in Political Science: Reflections on the State of the Art".
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offer BA programs in political science. MA or MAT and PhD or EdD programs are common at larger universities. The term
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Political scientists may provide the frameworks from which journalists, special interest groups, politicians, and the
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Political scientists may study political phenomena within one specific country. For example, they may study just the
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For a globally visible political science in the 21st Century. Bibliometric analyses and strategic consequences
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Nahomi Ichino; Noah L. Nathan (May 2013). "Crossing the Line: Local Ethnic Geography and Voting in Ghana".
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Nisonger, Thomas E. "Journals of the Century in Political Science and International Relations". in
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political science, with each part of the discipline sharing some historical predecessors. The
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Mahoney, James (2 March 2012). "The Logic of Process Tracing Tests in the Social Sciences".
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Observatory of International Research (OOIR): Latest Papers and Trends in Political Science
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was established in 1886 by the Academy of Political Science. In the inaugural issue of
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has argued that political science's approach to the idea of culture, originating with
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were founded in 1903 and 1906, respectively, in an effort to distinguish the study of
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State and Peasant in Contemporary China: The Political Economy of Village Government
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democracies react to their governments' preparations for and responses to crises.
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Modern political science can generally be divided into the three sub-disciplines:
3316: 2798:"Public health policy research: making the case for a political science approach" 2761:(December 2002). "Conceptualizing Culture: Possibilities for Political Science". 2722: 2024:
Benjamin Ginsberg; Theodore J. Lowi; Margaret Weir; et al. (December 2012).
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Institute for Comparative Research in Human and Social Sciences (ICR) in Japan
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Political Science Is for Everybody : An Introduction to Political Science
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Political science is a social study concerning the allocation and transfer of
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Weber, Erik, et al. "Thinking about laws in political science (and beyond)".
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The late 1960s and early 1970s witnessed a takeoff in the use of deductive,
740: 446: 344: 227: 182: 162: 2823: 2741: 2308:"Sparks and prairie fires: A theory of unanticipated political revolution." 4433: 3652: 2661:
Fiorina, Morris P. (February 1975). "Formal Models in Political Science".
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Michael Bang Petersen. "The evolutionary psychology of mass politics". In
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Making Political Science Matter: Debating Knowledge, Research, and Method
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Political scientists look at a variety of data, including constitutions,
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The Performance of Democracies: Political Institutions and Public Policy
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and power, and the analysis of political activities, political thought,
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thought, political scientists are also marked by a great concern for "
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pluralism is a defining feature of contemporary political science.
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Karl W. Deutsch: Pioneer in the Theory of International Relations
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diverse and appropriates many methods originating in psychology,
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This is argued to explain many important features and systematic
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The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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PROL: Political Science Research Online (prepublished research)
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Allgemeine Staatslehre, Politikwissenschaft (Political Science)
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The challenge of politics: an introduction to political science
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Rulers and Ruled: An Introduction to Classical Political Theory
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powered by Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 February 2020"
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powered by Oxford University Press. Retrieved 23 February 2020"
1497:– structured list of political topics, arranged by subject area 5159: 3916: 3552: 3190:
Hochschild, Jennifer L. "Race and Class in Political Science"
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Political science is a social science dealing with systems of
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This article is about the field of study. For other uses, see
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Rybnikov, S.R.; Rybnikova, N.A.; Portnov, B.A. (March 2017).
2258:"Public fears in Ukrainian society: Are crises predictable?" 26:"Poli sci" redirects here. For the album by John Forte, see 2189:"Correlations, risk and crisis: From physiology to finance" 2187:
Gorban, A.N.; Smirnova, E.V.; Tyukina, T.A. (August 2010).
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and specific policies by examining many factors, including
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International Association for Political Science Students
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Perestroika!: The Raucous Rebellion in Political Science
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is a national honor society specifically designated for
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Geschichte der Staatsideen (History of political Ideas)
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Power and choice: An introduction to political science
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Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.
3515: 3346:—— (1959) Quantitative Analysis of Judicial Behavior 3259:"Ten Things Political Scientists Know that You Don't" 2541:"Historical institutionalism in comparative politics" 2331:(2009). "Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy". 2317:
Public Choice, Vol. 61, No. 1 (April 1989), pp. 41–74
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Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications
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A world map distinguishing countries of the world as
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Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science
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Ten Things Political Scientists Know that You Don't
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Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics.
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We the People: An Introduction to American Politics
1575:(Fifth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3553:IPSAPortal: Top 300 websites for Political Science 3410:Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science 2796:Nicole F. Bernier; Carole Clavier (1 March 2011). 2053: 5670:Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister 3129:Race and the Making of American Political Science 2433:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. February 2020. 1230:generalizations, and build theories of politics. 3223:The State of Political Science in Western Europe 1847:Kim Quaile Hill, "In Search of General Theory", 1049:, the roles and systems of governance including 3115:International Encyclopedia of Political Science 1903:Roberts, S.C. (2011). Roberts, S. Craig (ed.). 1799:"Introduction: The Domain of Political Science" 1341:." Thus, in most American colleges, especially 1103: 836:, and in the collaboration between sociologist 3216:The Fundamentals of Political Science Research 3209:Political Science: The State of the Discipline 2606:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 2060:. University of California Press. p. xvi. 823:Behavioral revolution and new institutionalism 6174: 5595: 5521:Autonomous types of first-tier administration 4449: 3741: 620: 8: 3218:Third ed., Cambridge University Press, 2018. 2107:American Economic Review. 2001 Sep 1:938–63. 1085:. Some political scientists seek to advance 3521:International Political Science Association 3225:(Opladen: Barbara Budrich Publisher 2007). 3083:(November 2006). APSR Centennial Volume of 3038:. University Press of America. p. 77. 2917:"Political Science and Political Education" 2753: 2751: 2369:; Green, Donald; et al., eds. (2011). 1949: 1947: 6181: 6167: 6159: 5716:Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary 5602: 5588: 5580: 5547: 5289: 5250: 5183: 5111: 4985: 4456: 4442: 4434: 4421: 3748: 3734: 3726: 3622:. UK: University of Oxford. Archived from 3506:European Consortium for Political Research 3420:Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 3161:Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder, eds. 2163:Scheffer M., Carpenter S.R., Lenton T.M., 1954:Maddocks, Krysten Godfrey (26 June 2020). 1273:, historical analysis associated with the 627: 613: 34: 3388:Taylor, C. L., & Russett, B. M. Eds.. 3349:Shively, W. Phillips, and David Schultz. 2813: 2731: 2721: 2556: 2204: 1913:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199586073.001.0001 1486:– alphabetical list of political subjects 1101:analyze issues. According to Chaturvedy, 979:Main sub-disciplines of political science 3248:Theory and Methods in Political Science. 3185:The Oxford Handbook of Political Science 3144:Frickel, Scott. "Political scientists". 2373:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1122:firms often employ political scientists. 860:were the main proponents of this shift. 3536:Political Studies Association of the UK 3356:Simon, Douglas W., and Joseph Romance. 3269:Political Science: A Global Perspective 3168:Goodin, R.E.; Klingemann, Hans-Dieter. 3131:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. 2638:Interview Research in Political Science 2177:Science. 2012 Oct 19; 338(6105):344–48. 1528: 856:and his colleagues and students at the 45: 3541:Southern Political Science Association 3214:Kellstedt, Paul M, and Guy D Whitten. 3199:Political Science Research and Methods 3165:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007) 2896:from the original on 25 September 2021 2845:, New York: Routledge, pp. 1–25, 2599: 2072:"Sekelumit Prof. Dr. Miriam Budiardjo" 1988:Political Governance: Political theory 1966:from the original on 25 September 2021 1956:"What is Political Science All About?" 1347:school or college of arts and sciences 1223:American Political Science Association 769:American Political Science Association 731:is primarily defined by a concern for 3531:Midwest Political Science Association 3250:Fourth ed., Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 3052:from the original on 4 September 2015 2947:National Endowment for the Humanities 2837:Schmidt, Diane E. (14 January 2019), 2763:The American Political Science Review 2663:American Journal of Political Science 2262:Psychology & Developing Societies 2115: 2113: 2005:from the original on 4 September 2015 1772:"How to Become a Political Scientist" 1217:methods are increasingly common (see 828:political science, including work by 7: 6671: 4379: 3320:. (New York University Press, 2006). 3153:PS: Political Science & Politics 3110:. University of Toronto Press, 2021. 2698:"Cross-border political competition" 2574:PS: Political Science & Politics 2168:"Anticipating critical transitions." 2098:"A theory of political transitions." 1829:from the original on 18 January 2022 1638: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1630: 5675:Speaker / President of the assembly 3278:(Routledge, 2019) pp. 271–288. 3172:. (Oxford University Press, 1996). 3170:A New Handbook of Political Science 2471:Sociological Methods & Research 1883:from the original on 20 August 2020 1353:. At some universities, especially 1118:, research institutes, polling and 797:(blue), a work of political science 5763:International development minister 3412:. Cornell University Press, 1997. 3306:Political Science: An Introduction 3246:Lowndes, Vivien, et al., editors. 3136:International Studies Perspectives 3080:The Evolution of Political Science 2545:Annual Review of Political Science 1221:). Citing this difficulty, former 21:Political Science (disambiguation) 14: 6138:Government ministers by portfolio 5894:Ministry of Education and Culture 3526:International Studies Association 3353:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2022). 3314:Schram, S.F.; Caterino, B., eds. 3086:American Political Science Review 2915:Stoner, J.R. (22 February 2008). 2867:from the original on 3 April 2022 2396:American Political Science Review 2333:American Political Science Review 2288:from the original on 3 April 2022 2237:from the original on 3 April 2022 2132:American Political Science Review 1778:from the original on 27 June 2018 774:American Political Science Review 495:Biology and political orientation 6670: 6659: 6658: 6143: 6142: 6132: 6131: 4402: 4391: 4378: 4367: 4366: 3472: 3192:Michigan Journal of Race and Law 3187:. Oxford University Press, 2011. 3035:Graduate education in government 2985:DiSalvo, Daniel (1 April 2013). 1741:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00740.x 1645:"A History of Political Science" 1458: 1304:and exemplified by authors like 986:Domestic politics and government 965: 958: 947: 940: 929: 922: 911: 904: 596: 5466:Social and political philosophy 4321:List of social science journals 2558:10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.369 1905:Applied Evolutionary Psychology 1869:. Yale University Press. 2005. 1686:. University of Toronto Press. 1345:it would be located within the 720:philosophy, political economy, 5811:Ministry of trade and industry 5302:Political history of the world 4278:Science and technology studies 2802:Health Promotion International 2625:. University of Chicago Press. 2448:. Cambridge University Press. 2028:. W. W. Norton & Company. 1501:Political history of the world 1373:is more popular in post-1960s 1219:experimental political science 1114:. Private enterprises such as 1108:non-governmental organizations 490:Theories of political behavior 116:Political history of the world 1: 6458:Needle and syringe programmes 6312:Universal access to education 5965:Ministry of religious affairs 3264:: Vol. 8: Iss. 3, Article 12. 3253:Noel, Hans (2010-10-14 | DOI 3221:Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, ed. 2960:See, e.g., the department of 2621:Cramer, Katherine J. (2016). 2446:States and Social Revolutions 1425:. Master's-level programs in 1133:politics of the United States 1061:. It measures the success of 505:Critique of political economy 5307:History of political thought 3444:Zippelius, Reinhold (2010). 3425:Zippelius, Reinhold (2003). 3293:Public Administration Review 3283:International Studies Review 3122:International Studies Review 3032:Vernardakis, George (1998). 2843:Writing in Political Science 2723:10.1371/journal.pone.0297731 2640:. Cornell University Press. 2431:Oxford Research Encyclopedia 2119:Lowell, A. Lawrence. 1910. " 1495:Outline of political science 1479:History of political science 1329:College of Arts and Sciences 691:History of political science 86:Outline of political science 16:Scientific study of politics 6541:Publicly funded health care 5980:Ministry of social security 5861:Ministry of water resources 5741:Ministry of foreign affairs 5610:Common types of government 3375:, Nova Science Publishers, 2943:National Science Foundation 2223:10.1016/j.physa.2010.03.035 2096:Acemoglu D., Robinson J.A. 1907:. Oxford University Press. 1803:Political Science Quarterly 1680:Zeitlin, Irving M. (1997). 1513:– lists of political topics 1421:within a political science 1057:, political behaviour, and 1055:international organizations 840:and public opinion scholar 809:Political Science Quarterly 804:Political Science Quarterly 642:is the scientific study of 6721: 6013:Minister without portfolio 5975:Ministry of social affairs 5806:Ministry of infrastructure 3500:Professional organizations 3401:European Political Science 3308:(14th ed. Pearson, 2020). 3267:Morlino, Leonardo, et al. 3238:European Political Science 3157:available from the authors 2636:Layna Mosley, ed. (2013). 2623:The Politics of Resentment 2588:(inactive 9 August 2024). 2121:The Physiology of Politics 1940:. Oxford University Press. 1936:Roller, Edeltraud (2005). 1649:Cambridge University Press 1484:Index of politics articles 1322: 1187: 981:, from top left to right: 688: 91:Index of politics articles 25: 18: 6654: 6566:National health insurance 6518:Supervised injection site 6196: 6127: 6064:Communications ministries 5550: 5292: 5253: 5186: 5114: 4988: 4513:National unity government 4431: 4362: 3763: 3641:"Politics Research Guide" 3003:10.1007/s12115-013-9631-7 2775:10.1017/S0003055402000400 2586:10.1017/S1049096516002298 2539:Thelen, Kathleen (1999). 2408:10.1017/S0003055412000664 2345:10.1017/S0003055409990104 1991:. Isha Books. p. 4. 1985:Chaturvedy, J.C. (2005). 1367:colleges and universities 1271:feminist political theory 6561:Single-payer health care 6370:Universal basic services 6317:Universal basic services 6059:Climate change ministers 5960:Ministry of home affairs 4943:Environmental regulation 4749:Representative democracy 3707:Texas A&M University 3558:27 February 2015 at the 3207:Katznelson, Ira, et al. 3113:Badie, Bertrand, et al. 3100:18.4 (2020): 1048–1067. 3098:Perspectives on Politics 2483:10.1177/0049124112437709 2274:10.1177/0971333616689398 2173:4 September 2020 at the 1729:Social Science Quarterly 1127:Country-specific studies 650:dealing with systems of 6262:Public good (economics) 6148:Ministries by portfolio 6119:Public works ministries 5851:Ministry of electricity 5791:Ministry of the economy 5665:Office of the president 5008:Uncodified constitution 4533:Administrative division 3966:international relations 3276:Journals of the Century 2851:10.4324/9781351252843-1 2444:Skocpol, Theda (1979). 1854:(October 2012), 917–31. 1490:International relations 1419:academic concentrations 1407:international relations 1397:implies the use of the 1242:, chemical elements in 1000:International relations 881:evolutionary psychology 858:University of Rochester 743:" and the contemporary 675:international relations 500:Political organisations 263:International relations 101:Politics by subdivision 6084:Environment ministries 6054:Agriculture ministries 6049:Presidents of assembly 6044:Deputy prime ministers 4293:Quantum social science 3697:University Libraries. 3592:University of Michigan 3285:24.1 (2022): viab055. 3183:Goodin, Robert E, ed. 3155:36.2 (2003): 293–308. 2923:), San Jose Marriott, 1797:Smith, Munroe (1886). 1723:Sigelman, Lee (2010). 1124: 798: 6410:Public infrastructure 6247:Public administration 6232:Free-culture movement 6079:Environment ministers 5985:Minister for Veterans 5856:Ministry of Petroleum 5816:Ministry of transport 5655:Deputy First Minister 5645:Deputy prime minister 5499:aspects of capitalism 5415:History of philosophy 4913:Unemployment benefits 4649:Military dictatorship 4330:Other categorizations 4183:International studies 4168:History of technology 4103:Communication studies 3986:public administration 3422:52.1 (2022): 199–222. 3371:Tausch, Arno (2023), 3194:, 2005 11(1): 99–114. 3138:6.4 (2005): 447–461. 3124:24.3 (2022): viac027. 3106:Atchison, Amy L, ed. 2967:19 March 2009 at the 2815:10.1093/heapro/daq079 2313:9 August 2020 at the 2150:9 August 2020 at the 2126:9 August 2020 at the 2103:9 August 2020 at the 1710:10.3138/9781442679498 1692:10.3138/9781442679498 1657:10.1017/9781009043458 1446:public administration 1427:public administration 1415:public administration 1355:research universities 1343:liberal arts colleges 1323:Further information: 1279:Straussian approaches 1194:Political science is 1190:Political methodology 1028:Public administration 1021:Political methodology 888:of current politics. 876:those outside of it. 788: 727:Generally, classical 580:Political campaigning 320:Public administration 153:Collective leadership 6074:Education ministries 5911:Information minister 5846:Environment minister 5756:Ministry of interior 5746:Immigration minister 5433:Political ideologies 4709:Parliamentary system 4163:Historical sociology 3649:Princeton University 3408:Van Evera, Stephen. 3295:71.1 (2011): 19–33. 3211:. W.W. Norton, 2002. 2925:San Jose, California 2078:on 29 September 2020 1643:Bevir, Mark (2022). 1572:Comparative politics 1517:Political philosophy 1474:Comparative politics 1431:professional degrees 1360:public policy school 1325:Public policy school 1306:Samuel P. Huntington 1209:, in all aspects of 993:Comparative politics 873:Perestroika Movement 753:structure and agency 729:political philosophy 671:comparative politics 430:Separation of powers 301:Political psychology 276:Comparative politics 254:political scientists 241:Academic disciplines 121:Political philosophy 6646:Public viewing area 6415:Public water system 6403:Municipal broadband 6360:Public broadcasting 5970:Ministry of science 5928:Ministry of justice 5921:Ministry of housing 5882:Ministry of culture 5796:Ministry of finance 5736:Ministry of defence 5555:Forms of government 5488:Conservatism navbox 5093:Legislative council 4918:National healthcare 4792:Christian democracy 4714:Presidential system 4569:Countries by system 4343:Geisteswissenschaft 4337:Behavioral sciences 4263:Political sociology 4178:Information science 4123:Development studies 3699:"Political Science" 3678:Syracuse University 3670:"Political Science" 3626:on 18 February 2014 3616:"Political Science" 3584:"Political Science" 3448:, 16th ed. Munich: 3429:, 10th ed. Munich: 3324:Schubert,Glendon A. 2931:on 30 November 2009 2886:"Political Science" 2839:"Political Inquiry" 2714:2024PLoSO..1997731S 2518:10.1017/pan.2017.12 2215:2010PhyA..389.3193G 1849:Journal of Politics 1615:on 30 December 2019 1547:on 30 December 2019 1365:Most United States 1162:Anticipating crises 603:Politics portal 452:Election commission 423:Government branches 306:Political sociology 158:Confessional system 96:Politics by country 6611:Government auction 6297:Public procurement 6114:Interior ministers 5995:Minister for women 5950:Ministry of sports 5938:Ministry of labour 5933:Minister of labour 5904:Ministry of health 5889:Education minister 5839:Ministry of energy 5696:Secretary of state 5560:Types of democracy 5455:Political spectrum 5068:Legislative bodies 5023:Head of government 4948:Banking regulation 4508:Federal government 4498:Central government 4398:Society portal 3885:auxiliary sciences 3713:on 21 October 2014 3612:Bodleian Libraries 3392:(Springer, 2020). 3146:Sociological Forum 3093:. 4 February 2009. 2506:Political Analysis 1506:Political identity 1250:, or particles in 799: 722:political theology 656:political behavior 286:Political analysis 218:Semi-parliamentary 6705:Political science 6692: 6691: 6686: 6685: 6513:Public university 6493:Public open space 6438:Drinking fountain 6398:Telecommunication 6156: 6155: 6104:Health ministries 6099:Forest ministries 6094:Foreign ministers 6089:Finance ministers 6069:Defence ministers 5990:Ministry of women 5945:Regional minister 5827:natural resources 5801:Industry minister 5786:Commerce minister 5751:Interior minister 5727:foreign affairs / 5701:Minister of state 5577: 5576: 5573: 5572: 5565:Political parties 5444:Political culture 5369:International law 5340: 5339: 5332:U.S. Constitution 5281: 5280: 5263:Political science 5242: 5241: 5214:Political parties 5175: 5174: 5101: 5100: 4817:Constitutionalism 4528:County government 4418: 4417: 4258:Political economy 4253:Political ecology 4108:Community studies 4098:Cognitive science 4061:Interdisciplinary 3961:Political science 3490:Political science 3360:(CQ press, 2022). 2962:Political Science 2199:(16): 3193–3217. 1701:978-0-8020-7877-3 1605:"Definition from 1582:978-0-19-882060-4 1567:Caramani, Daniele 1537:"Definition from 1403:political studies 1399:scientific method 1395:political science 1383:political studies 1371:political science 1313:research question 1288:or psychological 1137:politics of China 1014:Political economy 658:, and associated 640:Political science 637: 636: 585:Political parties 525:Electoral systems 249:Political science 223:Semi-presidential 135:Political systems 111:Political history 106:Political economy 6712: 6674: 6673: 6662: 6661: 6573:Social insurance 6420:Waste management 6388:Electric utility 6365:Public transport 6282:Public ownership 6201:Municipalization 6183: 6176: 6169: 6160: 6146: 6145: 6135: 6134: 5955:Tourism minister 5916:Housing minister 5877:Culture minister 5604: 5597: 5590: 5581: 5548: 5536: 5532:World government 5530: 5525: 5519: 5514: 5508: 5503: 5497: 5492: 5486: 5481: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5448: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5379:World government 5290: 5251: 5234:Environmentalism 5184: 5112: 4986: 4923:Public education 4903:Social insurance 4837:Environmentalism 4807:Communitarianism 4782:Authoritarianism 4744:Direct Democracy 4523:Local government 4458: 4451: 4444: 4435: 4422: 4406: 4396: 4395: 4382: 4381: 4370: 4369: 4273:Regional science 4118:Cultural studies 4093:Business studies 3750: 3743: 3736: 3727: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3709:. 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5853: 5848: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5830: 5828: 5825:Environment / 5822: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5779:infrastructure 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5759: 5758: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5732: 5730: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5713: 5711:Undersecretary 5708: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5650:First minister 5647: 5642: 5640:Prime minister 5637: 5635:Vice president 5632: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5619: 5609: 5607: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5584: 5575: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5526: 5515: 5504: 5493: 5482: 5471: 5460: 5449: 5438: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5389:European Union 5386: 5384:United Nations 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5287: 5283: 5282: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5270: 5268:Urban planning 5265: 5260: 5254: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5240: 5239: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5187: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5169: 5164: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5038:Prime minister 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4963:Traffic lights 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4889: 4884: 4882:Theoreticians: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4867:Fundamentalism 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4832:Egalitarianism 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4761: 4759: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4711: 4706: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4463: 4461: 4460: 4453: 4446: 4438: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4412: 4400: 4388: 4376: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4323: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4249: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4226:social science 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4158:Global studies 4155: 4153:Gender studies 4150: 4145: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4136:social science 4132:Environmental 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4064: 4062: 4058: 4057: 4055: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4022: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3946: 3945: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3914: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3831:macroeconomics 3828: 3826:microeconomics 3818: 3817: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3745: 3738: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3694: 3684:on 8 July 2014 3665: 3647:. New Jersey: 3636: 3608: 3598:on 7 July 2014 3577: 3576:Library guides 3574: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3501: 3498: 3478: 3471: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3466:External links 3464: 3462: 3461: 3458:978-3406603426 3442: 3423: 3416: 3406: 3403:(2022): 1–14. 3396: 3386: 3381: 3368: 3361: 3354: 3347: 3344: 3334: 3321: 3312: 3299: 3289: 3279: 3272: 3265: 3251: 3244: 3240:(2022): 1–14. 3234: 3231:978-3866490451 3219: 3212: 3205: 3201:(2021): 1–17. 3195: 3188: 3181: 3166: 3159: 3149: 3142: 3132: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3104: 3094: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3066: 3045:978-0761811718 3044: 3024: 2997:(2): 132–139. 2977: 2973:Marist College 2953: 2907: 2877: 2860:978-1351252843 2859: 2829: 2808:(1): 109–116. 2788: 2769:(4): 713–728. 2747: 2688: 2669:(1): 133–159. 2653: 2647:978-0801478635 2646: 2628: 2613: 2580:(1): 131–134. 2564: 2531: 2512:(3): 344–362. 2496: 2477:(4): 570–597. 2461: 2455:978-0521294997 2454: 2436: 2421: 2402:(2): 344–361. 2386: 2380:978-0521174558 2379: 2358: 2339:(3): 387–406. 2327:Andrew Healy; 2319: 2299: 2248: 2179: 2156: 2136: 2109: 2089: 2063: 2041: 2035:978-0393921106 2034: 2016: 1998:978-8182053175 1997: 1977: 1943: 1928: 1922:978-0199586073 1921: 1894: 1876:978-0300130201 1875: 1856: 1840: 1789: 1762: 1735:(4): 883–905. 1715: 1700: 1672: 1666:978-1009043458 1665: 1626: 1596: 1581: 1569:, ed. (2020). 1558: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1492: 1487: 1481: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1453: 1450: 1442:Pi Alpha Alpha 1438:Pi Sigma Alpha 1423:academic major 1320: 1317: 1298:Gabriel Almond 1256:methodological 1238:, minerals in 1207:human behavior 1188:Main article: 1185: 1182: 1163: 1160: 1156:foreign policy 1148:public opinion 1128: 1125: 977: 964: 957: 956: 955: 946: 939: 938: 937: 928: 921: 920: 919: 910: 903: 902: 901: 900: 899: 898: 897: 896: 895: 893: 890: 868: 865: 849:game-theoretic 824: 821: 795:unitary states 697: 694: 689:Main article: 686: 683: 648:social science 635: 634: 632: 631: 624: 617: 609: 606: 605: 592: 591: 588: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 566: 565: 549: 544: 539: 538: 537: 527: 521: 517: 516: 515: 512: 511: 508: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 474: 468: 465:Related topics 464: 463: 462: 459: 458: 455: 454: 449: 444: 439: 433: 432: 426: 422: 421: 420: 417: 416: 413: 412: 407: 402: 400:Foreign policy 397: 392: 379: 373: 372: 371: 368: 367: 364: 363: 362: 361: 347: 342: 337: 324: 318: 317: 316: 313: 312: 309: 308: 303: 298: 296:Policy studies 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 261: 259: 247: 244: 240: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 139: 133: 132: 131: 128: 127: 124: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 82: 79:Primary topics 78: 77: 76: 73: 72: 70: 69: 64: 59: 53: 50: 49: 43: 42: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6717: 6706: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6679: 6678: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6657: 6656: 6653: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6631:Public sector 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6588: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6571: 6567: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6556:Job guarantee 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6508:Public toilet 6506: 6504: 6501: 6499: 6498:Public school 6496: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6393:Oil & gas 6391: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6333:Civil service 6331: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6292:Public rights 6290: 6288: 6287:Public policy 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6267:Public health 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6257:Public domain 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6184: 6179: 6177: 6172: 6170: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6149: 6141: 6139: 6130: 6129: 6126: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6109: 6108:mental health 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6020: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6004: 5996: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5880: 5879: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5831: 5829: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5775: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729:public safety 5723: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5693: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5605: 5600: 5598: 5593: 5591: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5542: 5533: 5527: 5522: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5500: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5478: 5472: 5467: 5461: 5456: 5450: 5445: 5439: 5434: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5410:Human history 5408: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345:International 5343: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5178: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5104: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5018:Head of state 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4878: 4877:Progressivism 4875: 4873: 4870: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4724:Collaborative 4722: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4669:Republicanism 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4599:Confederation 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4503:Unitary state 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4447: 4445: 4440: 4439: 4436: 4430: 4423: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4377: 4375: 4374: 4365: 4364: 4361: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4349:Human science 4347: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4305:Vegan studies 4303: 4301: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4268:Public health 4266: 4264: 4261: 4259: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4202:Philosophies 4201: 4199: 4198:Media studies 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4173:Human ecology 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4083:Anthrozoology 4081: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4059: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4008:developmental 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3981:public policy 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3962: 3959: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3932:legal systems 3930: 3928: 3927:legal history 3925: 3923: 3922:jurisprudence 3920: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3908: 3906: 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Sage, 2017. 3270: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3123: 3119: 3117:. 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