42:
820:
930:
734:
1307:
3753:
1299:
3210:
2245:, by Jacopo Riguccio Galluzzi and published in 1781, mentions Maria's birth date as 26 April 1573, which has since been used by all her later biographers. Recent searches have made it possible to find the baptismal certificate of Maria de' Medici, who correctly established her birth date as 26 April 1575 and consequently correct an error perpetuated for over two centuries. See Dubost 2009, pp. 48–-49, which refers to a communication by Maria Fubini Leuzzi entitled
375:
1140:
1105:
1121:
682:
1458:, Queen Marie was dug up by the French revolutionists insults were thrown at the remains of the Queen whom they accused of having murdered her husband. Some among them tore out the remaining tufts of her hair still attached to the skull and passed them around. Some of her bones were found floating in muddy water and her remains was thrown into a mass grave along with other French deceased royals. In 1817,
1510:
391:
262:
2176:
461:, was born on 20 May 1577. One year later (10 April 1578) Grand Duchess Joanna –heavily pregnant with her eighth child– fell from the stairs in the Grand Ducal Palace in Florence, dying the next day after giving birth to a premature stillborn son. A few months later, Grand Duke Francesco I married his longtime mistress
753:, was born to the great satisfaction of the King and France, which had been waiting for the birth of a Dauphin for more than forty years. Marie gave birth to five more children (three daughters and two more sons) between 1602 and 1609; however, during 1603–1606 she was effectively separated from her husband.
1481:, encapsulated the Romantic generation's negative view. She was born and raised in Italy and the French never really accepted her; hence, the negative reviews. However, Henry IV of France was not a rich man and needed Marie's money. The French were still not pleased with him choosing an Italian wife.
591:
The marriage of Henry IV with Maria de' Medici represented above all, for France, a solution to dynastic and financial concerns: it was said that the French king "owed the bride's father, Francesco de' Medici, Grand Duke of
Tuscany, who had helped support his war effort, a whopping 1,174,000 écus and
1282:
by following the advice of
Cardinal Richelieu and was influential on policy plans and its details, and because of their close relationship Marie introduced Richelieu to the King as minister. She believed that it is better for the king to rule through a minister who is loyal to her than by a council
981:
and the nobility who did not manage to get along: Civil lieutenant Henri de Mesmes declared that "all the
Estates were brothers and children of a common mother, France", while one of the representatives of the nobility replied that he refused to be the brother of a child of a shoemaker or cobbler.
1196:
During and after the regency, Marie de Médicis played a major role in the development of
Parisian artistic life by focusing on the construction and furnishing of the Luxembourg Palace, which she referred to as her "Palais Médicis". The site was purchased in 1612 and construction began in 1615, to
879:
To further consolidate her authority as Regent of the
Kingdom of France, Marie decided to impose the strict protocol from the court of Spain. An avid ballet performer and art collector, she deployed artistic patronage that helped develop the arts in France. Daughter of a Habsburg archduchess, the
835:
Within hours after Henry IV's assassination, Marie was confirmed as Regent by the
Parliament of Paris on behalf of her son and new King, eight-year-old Louis XIII. She immediately banished her late husband's mistress, Catherine de Balzac d'Entragues, from the court. At first, she kept the closest
788:
Another bone of contention concerned the proper maintenance of Marie's household as Queen of France: despite the enormous dowry she brought to the marriage, her husband often refused her the money necessary to pay all the expenses that she intended to carry out to show everyone her royal rank.
915:
Nevertheless, the Queen-Regent's policy caused discontent. On the one hand, Protestants were worried about the rapprochement of Marie with Spain; on the other hand, Marie's attempts to strengthen her power by relying on the
Concinis deeply displeased part of the French nobility. Stirring up
1287:; when she realized it, she broke with the Cardinal and sought to oust him. Still not understanding the personality of her son and still believing that it would be easy for her to demand the disgrace of Richelieu from him, she tried to obtain the dismissal of the minister. After the "
1225:, who was commissioned by her to create a 21-piece series glorifying her life and reign to be part of her art collection in the Luxembourg Palace. This series (composed between 1622 and 1625), along with three individual portraits made for Marie and her family, is now known as the "
1485:
Marie de' Medici, all of whose actions were prejudicial to France, has escaped the shame which ought to cover her name. Marie de' Medici wasted the wealth amassed by Henry IV; she never purged herself of the charge of having known of the king's assassination; her
1341:. She intended to plead her case there, but the escape was only a political trap set by her son, who had withdrawn the regiments guarding the Château de Compiègne. Now a refugee with the Spanish, enemies of France, Marie was thus deprived of her pensions.
1080:, negotiated by Richelieu, calmed the conflict. However, the Queen Mother was not satisfied and relaunched the war by rallying the great nobles of the Kingdom to her cause ("second war of mother and son"). The noble coalition was quickly defeated at the
492:, and her departure to her husband's homeland, Maria's only playmate was her first cousin Virginio Orsini, to whom she deferred all her affection. In addition, her stepmother brought a female companion to the Palazzo Pitti for Maria, a young girl named
581:
916:
xenophobic passion, the nobility designated the
Italian immigrants favored by Marie as responsible for all the wrongs of the kingdom. They are getting richer, they said, at our expense. Taking advantage of the clear weakness of the Regency, the
781:. Although the King could have easily banished his mistress, supporting his wife, he never did so. Marie, in turn, showed great sympathy and support to her husband's banished ex-wife Marguerite de Valois, prompting Henry IV to allow her back to
1494:, who did not ward off Ravaillac's blow, and who was proved to have known the murderer personally for a long time. Marie's conduct was such that she forced her son to banish her from France, where she was encouraging her other son, Gaston.
843:
From the beginning, Marie was under suspicion at court because she was perceived as a foreigner and never truly mastered French; moreover, she was heavily influenced by her
Italian friends and confidants, including her foster sister
756:
Although the marriage succeeded in producing children, it was not a happy one. Marie was of a very jealous temperament, and she refused to accept her husband's numerous infidelities; indeed, he forced his wife to rub shoulders with
1344:
Her chaplain
Mathieu de Morgues, who remained faithful to Marie in his exile, wrote pamphlets against Richelieu that circulated in France clandestinely. During her last years, Marie travelled to various European courts, in the
1092:. After the death of the Duc de Luynes in December 1621, she gradually made her political comeback. Richelieu played an important role in her reconciliation with the king and even managed to bring the queen mother back to the
803:; the coronation aimed to confer greater legitimacy on the Queen from the perspective of a possible regency which she would be called upon to provide in the absence of the King. The very next day (14 May), Henry IV was
468:
Maria and her only surviving sister, Eleonora (with whom she had a close relationship) spent their childhood at the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, placed under the care of a governess along with their paternal first-cousin
1060:
In the night of 21–22 February 1619, the 43-year-old Queen Mother escaped from her prison in Blois with a rope ladder and by scaling a wall of 40 m. Gentlemen took her across the Pont de Blois and riders sent by the
1267:
belonging to Marie de' Medici has artwork that may date from the 15th century, but is also remarkable for its canivet cuttings. Pages are cut with intricate patterns that are made to look like lace of the period.
1396:) and water pageants took place in the city's harbour in celebration of her visit. There was a procession led by two mounted trumpeters, and a large temporary structure was erected on an artificial island in the
1377:; with her daughters and sons-in-law where she tried again to form a "league of sons-in-law" against France, without ever being able to return, and her supporters were imprisoned, banished or condemned to death.
1031:
had little power in the government; finally, he asserted his authority the next year. Feeling humiliated by the conduct of his mother, who monopolized power, the King organized (with the help of his favorite the
503:, Grand Duke Francesco I and Bianca Cappello died. They may have been poisoned, but some historians believe they were killed by malarial fever. Now orphaned, Maria was considered the richest heiress in Europe.
496:, who would be renamed Leonora. This young girl, a few years older than Maria, soon gained great influence over the princess, to the point that Maria would not make decisions without talking to Leonora first.
1876:
1087:
Aware that he could not avoid the formation of plots as long as his mother remained in exile, the King accepted her return to court. She then returned to Paris, where she worked on the construction of her
465:; the marriage was officially revealed one year later, on 12 June 1579. In a few years, Maria also lost two of her siblings, Philip (died 29 March 1582 aged 4) and Anna (died 19 February 1584 aged 14).
644:
in December 1599, Henry IV officially started negotiations for his new marriage with Maria de' Medici. The marriage contract was signed in Paris in March 1600 and official ceremonies took place in
1171:, the Queen had a luxurious apartment on the first floor fitted out, then moved in 1614 to a new apartment on the ground floor, which she had adorned with panels and paintings by Ambroise Dubois,
789:
Household scenes took place, followed by periods of relative peace. Marie was also very keen to be officially crowned Queen of France, but Henry IV postponed the ceremony for political reasons.
1147:
From the time of her marriage to Henri IV, the Queen practiced ambitious artistic patronage, and placed under her protection several painters, sculptors and scholars. For her apartments at the
840:, although she entrusted the physical custody of this important Parisian fortress to Joachim de Chateauvieux, her knight of honor, who took direct command as a lieutenant of the Queen-Regent.
1096:. Following the death of Luynes, Louis determined that he would rule by council, Marie, who had won presence to the council, exerted great influence over her son and his council by agreeing.
205:
5786:
1244:
to travel to Paris ended in failure, but during the 1620s the Luxembourg Palace became one of the most active decorative projects in Europe: sculptors such as Guillaume Berthelot and
309:. Her mandate as regent legally expired in 1614, when her son reached the age of majority, but she refused to resign and continued as regent until she was removed by a coup in 1617.
3205:
538:, as well as the arts. She was also passionate about jewelry and precious stones. Very devout, she was known to keep an open mind, and to depend on those around her for support.
5851:
5798:
961:. The Prince of Condé failed to structure his opposition to royal power. However, Marie undertook to cement the alliance with Spain and to ensure respect for the theses of the
41:
3170:
599:(2 million livres including 1 million paid in cash to cancel the debt contracted by France with the Medici bank), which earned the future Queen the nickname "the big banker" (
5769:
5734:
6004:
5664:
5151:
2736:
819:
3597:
507:
664:
representing the French sovereign. The celebrations were attended by 4,000 guests with lavish entertainment, including examples of the newly invented musical genre of
1782:
592:
this was the only means Henry could find to pay back the debt..." In addition, the Medici family—banking creditors of the Kings of France—promised a dowry of 600,000
522:) in 1589. Notwithstanding his desire to give an heir to his dynasty, the new Grand Duke gave his orphaned nephew and niece a good education. Maria was interested in
230:
5909:
5239:
1021:
3251:: qua Serenissiman, Augustissimamque reginam, Mariam de Meicis, except Senatvs popvlvvsqve Amstelodamensis" (1638), Illustrated with engravings of Maia de' Meici
5974:
5676:
5652:
1724:
5964:
2189:
1451:, in accordance with the wish of Henry IV, who wanted their two hearts to be reunited. Her son Louis XIII died on 14 May, only two months after the funeral.
758:
604:
5068:
5969:
5484:
2807:
2024:
423:
240:
3738:
1017:
5588:
5583:
5515:
3449:
3431:
1012:
In 1616, the requirements of the Prince of Condé became so important that Marie had him arrested on 1 September and imprisoned him in the Bastille. The
2499:
923:
5959:
5757:
4428:
3073:
Le « Siècle » de Marie de Médicis, actes du séminaire de la chaire rhétorique et société en Europe (xvie-xviie siècles) du Collège de France
5740:
5711:
1630:
1443:
in destitution on 3 July 1642, five months before Richelieu. It was not until 8 March 1643 that her body was finally laid to rest in France, in the
261:
5717:
3410:
5144:
982:
This antagonism benefited the court, which soon pronounced the closure of the Estates General. The Regency was officially ended following the
5804:
5763:
5315:
5287:
4943:
4829:
3415:
3133:
3118:
3088:
3004:
2644:
2534:
2375:
2226:
3978:
2247:
Maria dei Medici. La costruzione di una regina : dall infanzia al matrimonio au colloque Medici Women as Cultural Mediators (1533-1743)
1167:, and painted for her gallery an important decoration on the theme of Diana and Apollo, mythological evocations of the royal couple. In the
6009:
5682:
5363:
5335:
5292:
4849:
4794:
2060:
3195:
1325:
Marie ultimately decided to withdraw from court. Louis XIII, judging his mother too involved in intrigue, encouraged her to retire to the
1233:
Museum); the cycle uses iconography throughout to depict Henry IV and Marie as Jupiter and Juno and the French state as a female warrior.
1189:
was Marie's first reading in French). The Queen also patronized with portrait painters, such as Charles Martin and especially the Flemish
893:
185:
5505:
773:) in a language that shocked French courtiers; also, it was said in court that Henry IV took Marie only for breeding purposes exactly as
5919:
5658:
5264:
5259:
4878:
4814:
3665:
2586:, 30 September–2 October 1993, Rome, École Française de Rome, coll. "Publications of the French School of Rome" (n° 220), 1996, 786 p. (
1818:
1491:
1062:
1016:
then took the leadership of the nobility in revolt against the Queen. Nevertheless, Marie's rule was strengthened by the appointment of
929:
857:
733:
5542:
2595:
454:
5939:
4285:
1033:
485:
470:
1295:) of 10–11 November 1630, Richelieu remained the principal minister, and the Queen Mother was constrained to be reconciled with him.
5924:
5889:
5845:
5839:
5137:
5088:
4819:
4080:
3061:
3041:
3019:
2944:
2907:
2880:
2853:
2777:
2591:
2509:
2460:
1013:
885:
3592:
195:
718:
of the new Queen, was responsible for welcoming her to Marseille. After her disembarkation, Marie continued her trip, arriving at
6019:
5994:
5448:
5358:
5160:
4913:
4587:
3882:
3691:
3355:
3310:
2427:
1009:. During this time, the Protestants obtained a reprieve of six years to the return of their places of safety to the royal power.
793:
630:
294:
5949:
5477:
3902:
2730:
1966:
1594:
828:
800:
765:
Catherine de Balzac d'Entragues (whom Henry IV had allegedly promised he would marry following the death in 1599 of his former
614:
608:
560:
The wealth of the Medici family attracted many suitors, in particular the younger brother of her aunt Grand Duchess Christina,
5979:
5833:
5670:
5041:
3152:
1318:
5620:
3686:
3602:
988:
of 2 October 1614, which declared that Louis XIII had attained his legal majority of age, but Marie then became head of the
5984:
5929:
5914:
5821:
5792:
5552:
5452:
5325:
5249:
4839:
4452:
4421:
4218:
3622:
3617:
3390:
2698:
880:
Queen-Regent abandoned the traditional anti-Habsburg French foreign policy (one of her first acts was the overturn of the
876:, which ordered religious tolerance for Protestants in France while asserting the supremacy of the Roman Catholic Church.
714:
661:
617:(in office: 1556–1564), thereby ensuring and reinforcing a legitimate royal descent for prospective future members of the
3681:
5989:
5573:
4883:
4655:
4625:
3081:
The rival queens : Catherine de' Medici, her daughter Marguerite de Valois, and the betrayal that ignited a kingdom
561:
2608:
1066:
6014:
5827:
5224:
4918:
4144:
4055:
3938:
3812:
3782:
2086:
1393:
722:
on 3 December. She and Henry IV finally met on 9 December and spent their wedding night together. On 17 December, the
5061:
5036:
4045:
3492:
320:. Her family's wealth inspired Henry IV to choose Marie as his second wife after his divorce from his previous wife,
3857:
3807:
737:
Marie de Médicis and her son the Dauphin (future Louis XIII) by Charles Martin, 1603. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Blois.
5954:
5894:
5470:
4630:
3872:
3717:
3502:
3482:
1618:
1326:
1045:
709:
200:
180:
3917:
3842:
5688:
5229:
4645:
3988:
3862:
3847:
3787:
3712:
3477:
3214:
1698:
1580:
1514:
1226:
1190:
997:
One year after the end of the Estates General, a new rebellion of the Prince of Condé allowed his entry into the
934:
824:
415:
47:
3963:
3852:
3822:
3029:
770:
5999:
5934:
4414:
4050:
3983:
3907:
3892:
3877:
3792:
1306:
954:
837:
622:
59:
5578:
4660:
3897:
3497:
1602:
2584:
Complots et conjurations dans l'Europe moderne. Proceedings of the international colloquium organized in Rome
4933:
4447:
4393:
4255:
3943:
3797:
3607:
3518:
3487:
3306:
3285:
2725:
1463:
1148:
778:
742:
515:
332:
for her son, Louis XIII, until 1614, when he officially attained his legal majority, but as the head of the
55:
3912:
3867:
3696:
1462:
ordered that those royals buried in the mass grave be reburied. Marie in 1817 was reburied in the crypt of
1081:
5520:
5510:
5373:
5254:
5007:
4695:
4680:
4542:
4290:
4202:
4171:
3612:
3581:
3472:
3464:
3454:
3426:
1636:
1350:
1253:
1077:
474:
341:
Noted for her ceaseless political intrigues at the French court, her extensive artistic patronage and her
317:
101:
3832:
3022:
5407:
5269:
4769:
4729:
4650:
4090:
3948:
3752:
3400:
3242:
3234:
861:
511:
419:
118:
5557:
5537:
5201:
5107:
4342:
4030:
3722:
3395:
3248:
3220:
1186:
808:
450:
2729:
2558:
1384:
was considered a diplomatic triumph by the Dutch, as it lent official recognition to the newly-formed
5904:
5899:
5320:
5219:
5012:
4938:
4834:
4809:
4789:
4779:
4774:
4764:
4665:
4176:
4151:
4134:
4124:
4004:
3973:
3968:
3827:
3802:
3385:
3348:
2118:
1656:
1560:
1538:
1444:
1028:
978:
458:
131:
5944:
5330:
5211:
5079:
4844:
4602:
4582:
4463:
4383:
4337:
1998:
1940:
1474:
1346:
1177:
1049:
918:
901:
869:
443:
190:
856:, even though he had never fought a single battle. The Concinis had Henry IV's able minister, the
5426:
5279:
5164:
5098:
5027:
4992:
4959:
4948:
4928:
4903:
4893:
4804:
4784:
4744:
4739:
4705:
4388:
4009:
3299:
1572:
1283:
where some people may be against her. Over the years, she did not notice the rising power of her
1218:
905:
804:
774:
657:
641:
569:
321:
298:
149:
5350:
5188:
3650:
3630:
2769:
2763:
5381:
5340:
5297:
5206:
4972:
4888:
4854:
4824:
4759:
4749:
4690:
4670:
4635:
4156:
4129:
3817:
3645:
3635:
3158:
3148:
3129:
3114:
3094:
3084:
3057:
3037:
3010:
3000:
2940:
2913:
2903:
2886:
2876:
2859:
2849:
2773:
2640:
2587:
2540:
2530:
2505:
2456:
2391:
2371:
2222:
1844:
1455:
1436:
1354:
1334:
1260:
on his return to Paris, participated in the decoration of the apartments of the Queen-Mother.
1245:
1237:
1222:
1214:
1198:
1128:
1109:
1089:
1037:
881:
868:
in France by means of their influence. However, Marie maintained her late husband's policy of
853:
750:
689:
653:
565:
439:
427:
358:
250:
172:
3228:
2634:
1221:(who stayed in Paris during two years, during 1623–1625), and especially the Flemish painter
5694:
5417:
5244:
5234:
5196:
5051:
5017:
4983:
4923:
4908:
4799:
4620:
4378:
4368:
4327:
3837:
3660:
3575:
3544:
3441:
3420:
2983:
2971:
2476:
2181:
1314:
1288:
1002:
962:
950:
618:
302:
282:
1201:. In particular, she tried to attract several large-scale artists to Paris: she brought in
5436:
5387:
5002:
4864:
4734:
4239:
4223:
3655:
3364:
3341:
3325:
3263:
2194:
1644:
1552:
1421:
1362:
1152:
1113:
1069:
and provoked an uprising against her son the King, the so-called "war of mother and son" (
909:
873:
849:
796:
673:
549:, and she was reportedly very talented; she also played music (singing and practicing the
519:
500:
489:
462:
346:
313:
290:
274:
220:
836:
advisers of Henry IV in the key court positions and took for herself (1611) the title of
1400:
especially for the festival. The structure was designed to display a series of dramatic
1298:
374:
5307:
4898:
4720:
4700:
4363:
4358:
4181:
4076:
3887:
3640:
2582:
Yves-Marie Bercé, "The blows of majesty of the kings of France, 1588, 1617, 1661", in:
1756:
1498:
1401:
1385:
1330:
1278:
1182:
1139:
1104:
1005:(3 May 1616), which also granted him the sum of 1,500,000 livres and the government of
990:
984:
966:
889:
727:
626:
546:
334:
2801:
1120:
681:
5883:
4873:
4710:
3953:
3774:
2962:
2796:
865:
403:
395:
379:
93:
17:
1284:
353:), she ended up being banished from the country by her son and dying in the city of
4754:
4577:
4322:
4139:
4097:
4085:
3958:
3922:
1509:
1413:
1397:
845:
723:
493:
350:
1448:
704:
on 23 October, accompanied by 2,000 people who made up her suite, and set off for
2450:
2365:
4592:
4572:
4567:
4522:
4517:
4332:
4306:
4260:
4071:
3586:
3549:
1613:
Died without being baptized; named Nicholas or Nicholas-Henry in certain works.
1459:
1392:, of the sort the Republic avoided for its own rulers. Spectacular displays (by
1389:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1172:
1143:
Lace cut parchment page of Marie de Medici's Prayer Book with miniature painting
726:
finally arrived, and gave his blessing to the religious wedding ceremony at the
669:
527:
3243:
Life of Marie dei Médicis. Engravings after Rubens from the De Verda Collection
3145:
Paris et Florence: deux capitales du spectacle pour une reine, Marie de Médicis
2705:
2529:(1st Simon & Schuster hardcover ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster.
584:
Marie de Médicis, by Pietro Facchetti, c. 1595, Palazzo De Torres-Lancellotti,
4607:
4557:
4532:
4477:
4166:
3569:
3539:
3405:
2957:
2745:
2171:
1409:
1370:
1206:
1164:
897:
746:
580:
531:
390:
325:
306:
74:
5462:
3098:
3014:
2917:
2544:
324:. The assassination of her husband in 1610, which occurred the day after her
5129:
4685:
4675:
4537:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4280:
4197:
4161:
3175:
Vie de Marie de Médicis, princesse de Toscane, reine de France et de Navarre
3162:
2890:
2863:
2731:"Habsburg, Johanna von Oesterreich (Tochter des Kaisers Ferdinand I.)"
1381:
705:
535:
478:
342:
4406:
3227:
2875:(in French). Paris: Délégation à l'action artistique de la Ville de Paris.
2219:
Women and Art in Early Modern Europe: Patrons, Collectors, and Connoisseurs
1404:
in tribute to her once she set foot on the floating island and entered its
2987:
977:
remained a dead letter. The clergy played the role of arbiter between the
4640:
4611:
4562:
4552:
4547:
4527:
4487:
4482:
4472:
4035:
1659:(1600–1649) in 1625. Three sons and two daughters survived to adulthood.
1440:
1405:
1338:
1241:
542:
435:
407:
383:
97:
1597:(1587–1637) in 1619. One son and three daughters survived to adulthood.
741:
Marie gave birth to her first child, a son, on 27 September 1601 at the
660:(now Florence Cathedral) on 5 October 1600 with Henry IV's favorite the
4497:
4373:
4040:
3199:
1447:, The burial was held without much ceremony, and her heart was sent to
1432:
1374:
1358:
1084:(7 August 1620) by Louis XIII, who forgave his mother and the princes.
1006:
701:
645:
523:
354:
215:
1020:—who had come to prominence at the meetings of the Estates General—as
5398:
4492:
4025:
1435:, where she took refuge in a house loaned by her friend, the painter
1417:
1366:
1230:
1168:
1132:
973:
938:
649:
550:
431:
329:
2927:
The Medici, Michelangelo, & the Art of Late Renaissance Florence
2925:
Chiarini, Marco (2002). "Cosimo II and Maria Maddalena of Austria".
594:
434:
family sometimes referred to as the 'cadet' branch– and was also a
5178:
3333:
2501:
Sex with Kings: 500 Years of Adultery, Power, Rivalry, and Revenge
1508:
1311:
The exiled Queen Marie de Médicis with coronet overlooking Cologne
1305:
1297:
1138:
1119:
1103:
958:
942:
928:
892:
which culminated in 1615 with the double marriage of her daughter
818:
782:
732:
680:
665:
579:
411:
389:
373:
135:
1575:(1605–1665) in 1615. A son and a daughter survived to adulthood.
2430:(in French). academiesciencesmoralesetpolitiques.fr. 7 July 2003
719:
585:
554:
5466:
5133:
4410:
3337:
1877:
María Osorio y Pimentel, 2nd Marquise of Villafranca del Bierzo
801:
War of Succession over the United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
2935:
Delaunay, Mathieu (2005). "Les Ancêtres de Marie de Médicis".
568:. But soon, a more prestigious suitor presented himself: King
2800:
2699:"The Medici Granducal Archive and the Medici Archive Project"
457:(born 31 December 1569) survived infancy. Their only brother
1639:(1615–1672) in 1632. Three daughters survived to adulthood.
1044:) on 24 April 1617: Concino Concini was assassinated by the
884:, an alliance signed between Henry IV's representatives and
799:. At this time Henry IV was about to depart to fight in the
499:
On the 19th and 20 October, in 1587, at the Villa Medici in
3071:
Fumaroli, Marc; Graziani, Françoise and Solinas Francesco,
2811:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1329:. From there, she fled on 19 July 1631 towards the city of
5805:
Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
3147:(in Italian). Translated by Sophie Bajard. Paris: Seuil.
3054:
Concini, grandeur et misère du favori de Marie de Médicis
1501:
also contributed to the denigration of Marie de Médicis.
872:. As one of her first acts, Marie reconfirmed Henri IV's
2939:(in French). Paris: Éditions généalogiques de la Voûte.
2744:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 290 – via
2269:
2267:
1027:
Despite being legally an adult for more than two years,
206:
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland
3196:
Rubens cycle of paintings apotheosizing Marie de Medici
2311:
2309:
2296:
2294:
1633:(1605–1627) in 1626. 1 daughter survived to adulthood.
811:- which immediately raised suspicions of a conspiracy.
1175:, Guillaume Dumée, and Gabriel Honnet on the theme of
749:, and automatically upon birth heir to the throne and
629:
had questioned Bourbon legitimacy during the previous
613:. Moreover, Maria de' Medici was the granddaughter of
5799:
Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria
2559:"Concino Concini, marquis d'Ancre | Italian diplomat"
2428:"Fanny Cosandey: The Queen of France in modern times"
1555:(1601–1666) in 1615. Two sons survived to adulthood.
1388:; accordingly, she was given an elaborate ceremonial
305:
between 1610 and 1617 during the minority of her son
3249:
Medicea Hospes, Sive Descripto Pvblicae Gratvlations
2846:
Marie de Médicis : un gouvernement par les arts
2639:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. 86.
1065:
escorted Marie in his coach. She took refuge in the
640:
After having obtained the annulment of his union to
5814:
5779:
5750:
5727:
5704:
5645:
5629:
5613:
5597:
5566:
5530:
5498:
5416:
5397:
5372:
5349:
5306:
5278:
5187:
5171:
5097:
5078:
5050:
5026:
4982:
4957:
4863:
4719:
4601:
4462:
4351:
4315:
4299:
4273:
4248:
4232:
4211:
4190:
4117:
4110:
4064:
4018:
3997:
3931:
3773:
3766:
3731:
3705:
3674:
3558:
3532:
3511:
3463:
3440:
3378:
3371:
2636:
Cardinal Richelieu: Power and the Pursuit of Wealth
2370:(in French). Pygmalion/G. Watelet. pp. 40–61.
438:through her mother, who was a direct descendant of
256:
246:
236:
226:
214:
171:
143:
124:
107:
87:
83:
73:
65:
54:
34:
2737:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
2609:"Walters Ms. W.494, Lace Book of Marie de' Medici"
1439:. She fell ill in June 1642 and died of a bout of
994:and retained all her control over the government.
792:Marie had to wait until 13 May 1610 to be finally
696:Maria (now known by the French usage of her name,
414:on 26 April 1575, Maria was the sixth daughter of
2825:Cazacu, Matei (2017). Reinert, Stephen W. (ed.).
2351:
1018:Armand Jean du Plessis (later Cardinal Richelieu)
686:Coronation of Marie de' Medici in St. Denis
510:became the new Grand Duke of Tuscany and married
5758:Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria
5118:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
2976:Europa Moderna. Revue d'histoire et d'iconologie
2742:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
2455:(in French). La Librairie Vuibert. p. 288.
860:, dismissed, and Italian representatives of the
3171:Thiroux d'Arconville, Marie-Geneviève-Charlotte
2720:
2718:
1483:
1159:with a series of paintings on the theme of the
652:from October to December of the same year: the
2791:
2789:
2477:"MARIE DE MÉDICIS (1573-1642) queen of France"
378:Maria de' Medici as a child. Currently at the
5478:
5145:
4422:
3349:
3111:Literatur und Kultur Italiens und Frankreichs
2339:
1783:Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
953:(15 May 1614), the Queen-Regent convened the
8:
5840:Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri
3217:the entrance of Maria de Medici in Amsterdam
3182:La France de la monarchie absolue, 1610-1715
2479:(in French). universalis.fr. 30 October 2019
449:Of her five elder sisters, only the eldest,
5589:Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat
2873:Marie de Médicis et le Palais du Luxembourg
2221:. Pennsylvania State Univ Pr. p. 136.
1357:tried to reconcile her with Richelieu), in
5770:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-Büdingen
5689:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily
5485:
5471:
5463:
5152:
5138:
5130:
4429:
4415:
4407:
4114:
3770:
3739:Genealogical tables of the House of Medici
3375:
3356:
3342:
3334:
3254:
1725:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
1679:
1670:
1513:Marie de' Medici and her family (1607; by
557:) and enjoyed theater, dance, and comedy.
31:
6005:Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
5846:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
3105:Hübner, Helga and Regtmeier, Eva (2010),
2820:
2818:
2757:
2755:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2414:
2327:
2190:Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses
1420:, captured in Brazil. The visit prompted
605:Catherine Henriette de Balzac d'Entragues
484:After her sister's marriage in 1584 with
2954:Dubost, Jean-François (September 1993).
2871:Baudouin-Matuszek, Marie-Noëlle (1991).
2273:
2212:
2210:
1520:
1272:Conflict with Richelieu, exile and death
1236:The Queen-Mother's attempts to convince
852:, who was created Marquis d'Ancre and a
728:Cathedral of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon
5852:Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis Pérez
5558:Claudia, Archduchess of Further Austria
5516:Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara
3083:. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
2315:
2300:
2285:
2258:
2206:
453:(born 28 February 1567) and the third,
164: 1600; died 1610)
5910:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
5822:Helena, Duchess Philipp of Württemberg
3109:; edition by Dirk Hoeges (in German) (
3036:(in French). Paris: Aubier Montaigne.
3030:"La France italienne, XVI-XVII siècle"
2678:
2040:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1798:
1688:
1684:
1022:Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
394:Maria de' Medici as a young woman, by
186:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain and Portugal
5718:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
2243:History of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
2116:
2106:
2102:
2090:
2084:
2074:
2058:
2048:
2044:
2028:
2022:
2012:
1996:
1986:
1982:
1970:
1964:
1954:
1938:
1928:
1924:
1900:
1890:
1874:
1864:
1860:
1848:
1842:
1832:
1816:
1806:
1802:
1786:
1780:
1770:
1754:
1744:
1740:
1728:
1722:
1712:
1696:
1692:
1365:for three years (staying en route to
7:
5975:Italian people of Lithuanian descent
5621:Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine
5584:Anna, Archduchess of Further Austria
3238:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3075:(in French). Edizioni dell'Orso 2003
2061:Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary
1125:The reconciliation of mother and son
1056:Revolt of 1619 and return from exile
5965:Italian people of Hungarian descent
5870:did not have a royal or noble birth
5764:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
5659:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
2997:Marie de Médicis, la reine dévoilée
1361:at the court of her daughter Queen
1337:), where she slept before going to
708:, which she reached on November 3.
541:Close to the artists of her native
312:Marie was a member of the powerful
289:; 26 April 1575 – 3 July 1642) was
5970:Italian people of Austrian descent
4286:Crown of the Grand Duke of Tuscany
4118:Painters, sculptors and architects
3113:; vol. 14). Frankfurt: Peter Lang
2999:. Paris: Payot: Biographie Payot.
2768:. Firenze: La Mandragora. p.
1155:was recruited to decorate Marie's
864:hoped to force the suppression of
658:Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore
545:, Maria was trained in drawing by
231:Francesco I, Grand Duke of Tuscany
25:
5089:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
3226:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
2217:Lawrence, Cynthia Miller (1997).
1645:Henrietta Maria, Queen of England
886:Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy
27:Queen of France from 1600 to 1610
5960:Italian people of Polish descent
5865:* also an archduchess of Austria
5793:Louise, Crown Princess of Saxony
5741:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
4191:Poets and other literary figures
3751:
3184:(in French). Paris: Seuil. 1997.
2174:
1819:Pedro Álvarez de Toledo y Zúñiga
1408:. Afterwards she was offered an
949:In application of the Treaty of
761:. She mostly quarreled with the
260:
40:
5712:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
5677:Princess Maria Johanna Gabriela
3315:17 December 1600 – 14 May 1610
2633:Bergin, Joseph (1 March 1990).
2525:Fischer, David Hackett (2008).
1967:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
1595:Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy
1431:Marie subsequently traveled to
888:), and formed an alliance with
829:Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao
712:, Marquise de Guercheville and
615:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
161:
5695:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
5671:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
5511:Isabella, Duchess of Bracciano
3028:Dubost, Jean-François (1997).
2995:Dubost, Jean-François (2009).
2970:Dubost, Jean-François (2011).
2504:. Harper Collins. p. 80.
1428:("The Medicean Guest", 1638).
1319:Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille
1302:Engraving of Marie de Médicis.
1276:Marie continued to attend the
1229:" (currently displayed in the
900:with the two children of King
196:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans
69:17 December 1600 – 14 May 1610
1:
5326:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
4840:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
4453:List of French royal consorts
4369:Stories set to music: "opera"
3107:Maria de' Medici: eine Fremde
2844:Bassani Pacht, Paola (2003).
2669:, Furne ed., vol. XV, p. 471.
1674:Ancestors of Marie de' Medici
634:
526:; she enjoyed learning about
514:(granddaughter of the famous
424:Archduchess Joanna of Austria
5828:Rosa, Duchess of Württemberg
5579:Margherita, Duchess of Parma
4884:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
3128:(in French). Paris: Perrin.
2902:(in French). Paris: Fayard.
2848:(in French). Paris: Somogy.
2704:. p. 12. Archived from
1416:. He also sold her a famous
1071:guerre de la mère et du fils
562:François, Count of Vaudémont
6010:Italian emigrants to France
5538:Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua
5521:Virginia, Duchess of Modena
4145:Michelangelo and the Medici
3989:Palazzo Medici di Ottaviano
3939:Casino Mediceo di San Marco
3124:Kermina, Françoise (2010).
2087:Anne of Bohemia and Hungary
1581:Christine, Duchess of Savoy
1394:Claes Corneliszoon Moeyaert
1151:, the Flemish-born painter
191:Christine, Duchess of Savoy
6036:
5920:17th-century women regents
5493:Tuscan princesses by birth
5250:Urraca of León and Castile
4631:Desiderata of the Lombards
4212:Humanists and philosophers
3964:Palazzo Medici Tornaquinci
2364:Delorme, Philippe (1998).
2034:
1918:
1792:
1686:
1657:Charles I, King of England
1539:Louis XIII, King of France
1048:, and Marie exiled to the
926:, rebelled against Marie.
906:Philip, Prince of Asturias
603:) from her jealous rival,
426:. She was a descendant of
338:, she retained the power.
181:Louis XIII, King of France
5940:House of Bourbon (France)
5861:
5787:Princess Maria Antonietta
5445:
5116:
4442:
3749:
3713:Giovanni delle Bande Nere
3396:Lorenzo "The Magnificent"
3317:
3304:
3291:
3284:
3257:
3215:Claes Cornelisz. Moeyaert
3198:Definitive statements of
3079:Goldstone, Nancy (2015).
2613:www.thedigitalwalters.org
2104:
2096:
2068:
2046:
2042:
2006:
1984:
1976:
1948:
1926:
1922:
1884:
1862:
1854:
1826:
1804:
1800:
1764:
1742:
1734:
1706:
1699:Giovanni delle Bande Nere
1690:
1561:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain
1515:Frans Pourbus the younger
1209:, was offered a suite of
1191:Frans Pourbus the Younger
935:Frans Pourbus the Younger
924:Henri II, Prince of Condé
838:Governess of the Bastille
825:Frans Pourbus the Younger
48:Frans Pourbus the Younger
39:
5925:Navarrese royal consorts
5890:Queens consort of France
5665:Princess Maria Elisabeth
5553:Princess Maria Maddalena
5062:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
5037:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4437:Royal consorts of France
3229:"Maria de' Medici"
3206:National Maritime Museum
3052:Duccini, Hélène (1991).
2956:La Prise du pouvoir par
2929:. Yale University Press.
2898:Carmona, Michel (1981).
2726:Wurzbach, Constantin von
2667:Sur Catherine de Médicis
2498:Herman, Eleanor (2005).
2393:THE AMERICAN CYCLOPEADIA
1573:Philip IV, King of Spain
1479:Sur Catherine de Médicis
922:under the leadership of
6020:Navarrese queen mothers
5995:Italian Roman Catholics
5574:Princess Maria Cristina
4448:List of Frankish queens
3944:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
3675:Bishops and archbishops
3307:Queen consort of France
3056:. Paris: Albin Michel.
2808:Encyclopædia Britannica
2762:Cesati, Franco (1999).
2563:Encyclopedia Britannica
2449:Torres, Pascal (2013).
2417:, p. 377 footnote.
1619:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
1464:Basilica of Saint Denis
1149:Palace of Fontainebleau
908:(future Philip IV) and
743:Palace of Fontainebleau
715:Première dame d'honneur
508:Ferdinando I de' Medici
345:(the most famous being
328:, caused her to act as
201:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
56:Queen consort of France
5950:Nobility from Florence
5683:Princess Maria Josepha
5548:Marie, Queen of France
5054:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
5008:Maria Theresa of Spain
4696:Beatrice of Vermandois
4543:Brunhilda of Austrasia
4291:Order of Saint Stephen
4172:Antonio del Pollaiuolo
3465:Grand Dukes of Tuscany
2352:Baudouin-Matuszek 1991
1637:Marguerite of Lorraine
1518:
1496:
1351:Isabella Clara Eugenia
1322:
1303:
1254:Philippe de Champaigne
1227:Marie de' Medici cycle
1217:, invited the painter
1185:(whose translation by
1144:
1136:
1117:
946:
846:Leonora "Galigai" Dori
832:
738:
693:
588:
416:Francesco I de' Medici
399:
387:
318:grand dukes of Tuscany
297:as the second wife of
286:
278:
5980:French art collectors
5408:Marguerite de Navarre
5270:Constance of Toulouse
4770:Adelaide of Maurienne
4730:Adelaide of Aquitaine
4661:Ermentrude of Orléans
4651:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
4091:Cappella dei Principi
3998:Fountains and gardens
3450:Alessandro "The Moor"
3432:Alessandro "The Moor"
3259:Marie de' Medici
3235:Catholic Encyclopedia
3143:Mamone, Sara (1990).
2988:10.3406/emod.2011.849
2829:. Brill. p. 204.
2452:Les secrets du Louvre
2396:. 1874. pp. 671–
1512:
1410:Indonesian rice table
1353:, and the ambassador
1349:(the ruler of which,
1309:
1301:
1142:
1123:
1108:Marie de Médicis, by
1107:
1082:Battle of Ponts-de-Cé
965:. The reforms of the
932:
862:Roman Catholic Church
823:Marie de Médicis, by
822:
736:
684:
631:French Succession War
607:, Henry IV's current
583:
512:Christina of Lorraine
420:Grand Duke of Tuscany
393:
377:
316:in the branch of the
18:Maria de' Medici
5985:Women art collectors
5930:French queen mothers
5915:17th-century regents
5735:Princess Maria Luisa
5321:Clementia of Hungary
5316:Margaret of Burgundy
4944:Elisabeth of Austria
4934:Catherine de' Medici
4835:Clementia of Hungary
4830:Margaret of Burgundy
4810:Margaret of Provence
4790:Isabella of Hainault
4780:Constance of Castile
4775:Eleanor of Aquitaine
4765:Bertrade of Montfort
4666:Richilde of Provence
4256:Emilio de' Cavalieri
4219:Pico della Mirandola
4177:Jacopo della Quercia
4152:Bernardo Buontalenti
4135:Filippo Brunelleschi
4125:Bartolomeo Ammannati
3974:Palazzo delle Vedove
3406:Giovanni, Pope Leo X
2119:Anne of Foix-Candale
1603:Son, Duke of Orléans
1470:Posthumous appraisal
1454:In 1793, during the
1445:Basilica of St Denis
1412:by the burgomaster,
1327:Château de Compiègne
1076:A first treaty, the
1024:on 5 November 1616.
919:princes of the blood
779:Catherine de' Medici
700:) left Florence for
516:Catherine de' Medici
132:Basilica of St Denis
35:Marie de' Medici
5990:Italian art patrons
5653:Princess Maria Anna
5374:House of Trastámara
5336:Marie of Luxembourg
5331:Blanche of Burgundy
5288:Margaret of Bourbon
5255:Margaret of L'Aigle
4850:Marie of Luxembourg
4845:Blanche of Burgundy
4795:Ingeborg of Denmark
4681:Théodrate of Troyes
4583:Balthild of Chelles
4281:Medici coat of arms
4203:Niccolò Machiavelli
3666:Vincenzo II Gonzaga
2711:on 15 January 2006.
1999:Joanna I of Castile
1941:Philip I of Castile
1347:Spanish Netherlands
1178:Jerusalem Delivered
1078:Treaty of Angoulême
1067:Château d'Angoulême
902:Philip III of Spain
870:religious tolerance
771:Gabrielle d'Estrées
601:la grosse banquière
475:Isabella de' Medici
444:Philip I of Castile
6015:Daughters of dukes
5427:Margaret of Valois
5364:Eleanor of Castile
5293:Isabella of France
5280:House of Champagne
5240:Agnes of Aquitaine
5202:Andregoto Galíndez
5108:Eugénie de Montijo
5099:House of Bonaparte
5028:House of Bonaparte
4993:Margaret of Valois
4960:House of Lancaster
4949:Louise of Lorraine
4929:Eleanor of Austria
4904:Charlotte of Savoy
4894:Isabeau of Bavaria
4879:Blanche of Navarre
4815:Isabella of Aragon
4805:Blanche of Castile
4785:Adela of Champagne
4745:Constance of Arles
4740:Bertha of Burgundy
4706:Gerberga of Saxony
4010:Villa di Pratolino
3386:Cosimo "The Elder"
3322:Title next held by
3300:Margaret of Valois
3296:Title last held by
2972:"L'après Henri IV"
2340:Bassani Pacht 2003
1519:
1323:
1304:
1219:Orazio Gentileschi
1187:Antoine de Nervèze
1145:
1137:
1118:
1100:Artistic patronage
947:
833:
809:François Ravaillac
767:maîtresse-en-titre
763:maîtresse-en-titre
739:
710:Antoinette de Pons
694:
656:took place at the
642:Margaret of Valois
610:maîtresse-en-titre
589:
570:Henry IV of France
400:
388:
322:Margaret of Valois
301:. Marie served as
150:Henry IV of France
5955:Tuscan princesses
5895:Regents of France
5877:
5876:
5872:
5460:
5459:
5298:Blanche of Artois
5265:Sancha of Castile
5260:Urraca of Castile
5127:
5126:
5030:(1804–1814; 1815)
5013:Marie Leszczyńska
4973:Margaret of Anjou
4889:Joanna of Bourbon
4825:Joan I of Navarre
4760:Bertha of Holland
4750:Matilda of Frisia
4691:Eadgifu of Wessex
4671:Adelaide of Paris
4656:Judith of Bavaria
4404:
4403:
4343:Arazzeria Medicea
4269:
4268:
4157:Leonardo da Vinci
4130:Sandro Botticelli
4106:
4105:
4046:San Piero a Sieve
3747:
3746:
3646:Bernardo Salviati
3636:Giovanni Salviati
3442:Dukes of Florence
3401:Piero "The Brief"
3391:Piero "The Gouty"
3379:Lords of Florence
3332:
3331:
3135:978-2-262-03298-2
3119:978-3-631-60118-1
3090:978-0-316-40967-4
3006:978-2-228-90393-6
2965:. pp. 28–34.
2646:978-0-300-04860-5
2536:978-1-4165-9332-4
2527:Champlain's dream
2377:978-2-85704-553-3
2249:(Florence, 2008).
2228:978-0-271-01568-2
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2025:Joanna of Austria
1845:Eleanor of Toledo
1663:
1662:
1652:10 September 1669
1544:27 September 1601
1456:French Revolution
1355:Balthazar Gerbier
1335:County of Hainaut
1293:Journée des Dupes
1246:Christophe Cochet
1238:Pietro da Cortona
1223:Peter Paul Rubens
1215:Giovanni Baglione
1199:Salomon de Brosse
1129:Peter Paul Rubens
1110:Peter Paul Rubens
1090:Luxembourg Palace
882:Treaty of Bruzolo
854:Marshal of France
751:Dauphin of France
745:. The boy, named
690:Peter Paul Rubens
662:Duc de Bellegarde
654:marriage by proxy
566:Duchy of Lorraine
459:Philip de' Medici
440:Joanna of Castile
430:–a branch of the
428:Lorenzo the Elder
359:Holy Roman Empire
268:
267:
251:Roman Catholicism
241:Joanna of Austria
117:Sternengasse 10,
16:(Redirected from
6027:
5863:
5834:Princess Dolores
5487:
5480:
5473:
5464:
5432:Marie de' Medici
5418:House of Bourbon
5245:Bertha of Aragon
5216:Jimena Fernández
5212:Urraca Fernández
5189:House of Jiménez
5172:House of Íñiguez
5154:
5147:
5140:
5131:
5080:House of Orléans
5052:House of Bourbon
5018:Marie Antoinette
4998:Marie de' Medici
4984:House of Bourbon
4924:Claude of France
4909:Anne of Brittany
4874:Joan of Burgundy
4820:Marie of Brabant
4800:Agnes of Merania
4621:Bertrada of Laon
4431:
4424:
4417:
4408:
4379:Pazzi conspiracy
4338:Venus de' Medici
4328:Medici porcelain
4198:Agnolo Poliziano
4115:
3873:Poggio Imperiale
3771:
3761:
3755:
3687:Bernardo Antonio
3661:Ferrante Gonzaga
3512:Queens of France
3376:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3335:
3280:
3273:
3255:
3239:
3231:
3185:
3166:
3139:
3126:Marie de Médicis
3102:
3067:
3047:
3034:Aubier histoires
3018:
2991:
2966:
2950:
2930:
2921:
2900:Marie de Médicis
2894:
2867:
2831:
2830:
2822:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2793:
2784:
2783:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2733:
2722:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2703:
2695:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2605:
2599:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2367:Marie de Médicis
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2304:
2298:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2214:
2184:
2182:Biography portal
2179:
2178:
2177:
1903:Marie de' Medici
1680:
1671:
1649:25 November 1609
1631:Marie de Bourbon
1610:17 November 1611
1590:
1589:27 December 1663
1585:10 February 1606
1565:22 November 1602
1545:
1521:
1475:Honoré de Balzac
1315:Anthony van Dyck
1289:Day of the Dupes
1248:, painters like
1203:The Annunciation
1050:Château de Blois
1046:Marquis de Vitry
1003:Treaty of Loudun
963:Council of Trent
951:Sainte-Menehould
912:, respectively.
698:Marie de Médicis
636:
619:House of Bourbon
564:and heir of the
486:Vincenzo Gonzaga
303:regent of France
287:Maria de' Medici
279:Marie de Médicis
271:Marie de' Medici
264:
165:
163:
114:
44:
32:
21:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6024:
6000:Royal reburials
5935:House of Medici
5880:
5879:
5878:
5873:
5867:
5857:
5815:12th generation
5810:
5780:11th generation
5775:
5751:10th generation
5746:
5723:
5700:
5641:
5625:
5609:
5593:
5562:
5526:
5494:
5491:
5461:
5456:
5453:Queen of France
5449:Queen of Aragon
5441:
5437:Anne of Austria
5420:- Lower Navarre
5412:
5401:- Lower Navarre
5399:House of Albret
5393:
5388:Agnes of Cleves
5368:
5351:House of Évreux
5345:
5302:
5274:
5183:
5167:
5158:
5128:
5123:
5112:
5093:
5074:
5046:
5022:
5003:Anne of Austria
4978:
4953:
4865:House of Valois
4859:
4735:Rozala of Italy
4715:
4606:
4597:
4458:
4457:
4438:
4435:
4405:
4400:
4347:
4311:
4295:
4265:
4244:
4240:Galileo Galilei
4228:
4224:Marsilio Ficino
4207:
4186:
4102:
4060:
4014:
4005:Medici fountain
3993:
3927:
3813:Poggio a Caiano
3762:
3757:
3756:
3743:
3727:
3701:
3670:
3656:Lorenzo Strozzi
3651:Niccolò Ridolfi
3631:Luigi de' Rossi
3625:
3618:Francesco Maria
3554:
3528:
3507:
3459:
3436:
3367:
3365:House of Medici
3362:
3326:Anne of Austria
3323:
3314:
3297:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3264:House of Medici
3260:
3225:
3192:
3180:
3177:, 3 vol. in-8°.
3155:
3142:
3136:
3123:
3091:
3078:
3064:
3051:
3044:
3027:
3007:
2994:
2969:
2953:
2947:
2937:Reine de France
2934:
2924:
2910:
2897:
2883:
2870:
2856:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2795:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2537:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2463:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2378:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2307:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2203:
2195:House of Medici
2180:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2165:
1668:
1634:
1626:2 February 1660
1588:
1553:Anne of Austria
1543:
1507:
1477:, in his essay
1472:
1422:Caspar Barlaeus
1363:Henrietta Maria
1274:
1153:Ambroise Dubois
1114:Museo del Prado
1102:
1058:
1042:Coup de majesté
955:Estates General
910:Anne of Austria
874:Edict of Nantes
850:Concino Concini
817:
797:Queen of France
623:Catholic League
578:
576:Queen of France
520:Queen of France
501:Poggio a Caiano
490:Duchy of Mantua
471:Virginio Orsini
463:Bianca Cappello
372:
367:
347:Concino Concini
314:House of Medici
291:Queen of France
210:
167:
159:
155:
152:
139:
129:
116:
112:
92:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6033:
6031:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5882:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5862:
5859:
5858:
5856:
5855:
5849:
5843:
5837:
5831:
5825:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5802:
5796:
5790:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5767:
5761:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5738:
5731:
5729:
5728:9th generation
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5715:
5708:
5706:
5705:8th generation
5702:
5701:
5699:
5698:
5692:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5668:
5662:
5656:
5649:
5647:
5646:7th generation
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5630:6th generation
5627:
5626:
5624:
5623:
5617:
5615:
5614:5th generation
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5601:
5599:
5598:4th generation
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5570:
5568:
5567:3rd generation
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5531:2nd generation
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5506:Princess Maria
5502:
5500:
5499:1st generation
5496:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5467:
5458:
5457:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5423:
5421:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5404:
5402:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5382:Juana Enríquez
5378:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5359:Joan of Valois
5355:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5341:Joan of Évreux
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5308:House of Capet
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5284:
5282:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5214:
5209:
5207:Teresa Ramírez
5204:
5199:
5193:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5161:Royal consorts
5159:
5157:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5134:
5125:
5124:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5104:
5102:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5085:
5083:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5065:
5057:
5055:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4976:
4968:
4966:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4914:Joan of France
4911:
4906:
4901:
4899:Marie of Anjou
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4870:
4868:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4855:Joan of Évreux
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4724:
4721:House of Capet
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4701:Emma of France
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4460:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:Galilean moons
4361:
4359:Medici giraffe
4355:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4182:Giorgio Vasari
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4077:Medici Chapels
4074:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3949:Palazzo Madama
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3903:Montevettolini
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3641:Innocenzo Cybo
3638:
3633:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3469:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3321:
3316:
3303:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:French royalty
3282:
3281:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3245:
3240:
3223:
3221:Festival Books
3218:
3208:
3203:
3191:
3190:External links
3188:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3168:
3153:
3140:
3134:
3121:
3103:
3089:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3049:
3042:
3025:
3005:
2992:
2967:
2951:
2945:
2932:
2922:
2908:
2895:
2881:
2868:
2854:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2814:
2802:"Joanna"
2799:, ed. (1911).
2797:Chisholm, Hugh
2785:
2778:
2751:
2728:, ed. (1860).
2714:
2683:
2681:, p. 478.
2671:
2659:
2645:
2625:
2600:
2598:), p. 491–505.
2575:
2550:
2535:
2517:
2510:
2490:
2468:
2461:
2441:
2419:
2415:Goldstone 2015
2407:
2383:
2376:
2356:
2354:, p. 104.
2344:
2332:
2330:, p. 377.
2328:Goldstone 2015
2320:
2305:
2290:
2278:
2263:
2251:
2234:
2227:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:Maria Salviati
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1568:6 October 1644
1566:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1506:
1503:
1499:Jules Michelet
1471:
1468:
1426:Medicea hospes
1386:Dutch Republic
1373:) and then in
1279:Conseil du roi
1273:
1270:
1183:Torquato Tasso
1101:
1098:
1094:Conseil du Roi
1057:
1054:
1014:Duke of Nevers
999:Conseil du Roi
991:Conseil du Roi
985:Lit de justice
890:Habsburg Spain
816:
813:
759:his mistresses
627:Habsburg Spain
577:
574:
547:Jacopo Ligozzi
506:Maria's uncle
488:, heir of the
371:
368:
366:
363:
335:Conseil du Roi
266:
265:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
209:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
177:
175:
169:
168:
157:
153:
148:
147:
145:
141:
140:
130:
126:
122:
121:
115:(aged 67)
109:
105:
104:
89:
85:
84:
81:
80:
77:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
52:
51:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6032:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5871:
5866:
5860:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5771:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5749:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5726:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5703:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5663:
5660:
5657:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5543:Princess Anna
5541:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5529:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5488:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5465:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5155:
5150:
5148:
5143:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5132:
5121:
5115:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5069:Marie-Thérèse
5066:
5064:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4712:
4711:Emma of Italy
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4604:
4600:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4432:
4427:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4314:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3954:Palazzo Pitti
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3858:Cerreto Guidi
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3808:Collesalvetti
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3759:Festina Lente
3754:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:(Clement VII)
3577:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3493:Ferdinando II
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:(Clement VII)
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3272:26 April 1575
3271:
3266:
3265:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3063:2-226-05265-8
3059:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3043:2-7007-2276-0
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3024:
3023:online text 2
3021:
3020:online text 1
3016:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2978:(in French).
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2961:(in French).
2960:
2959:
2952:
2948:
2946:2-84766-253-7
2942:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2909:2-213-01044-7
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2882:2-905118-37-7
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2855:2-85056-710-8
2851:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2779:88-85957-36-6
2775:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2626:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2592:2-7283-0362-2
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2511:9780061751554
2507:
2503:
2502:
2494:
2491:
2478:
2472:
2469:
2464:
2462:9782311100211
2458:
2454:
2453:
2445:
2442:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2408:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2342:, p. 51.
2341:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2324:
2321:
2318:, p. 18.
2317:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2303:, p. 17.
2302:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2288:, p. 14.
2287:
2282:
2279:
2276:, p. 77.
2275:
2274:Chiarini 2002
2270:
2268:
2264:
2261:, p. 13.
2260:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2172:
2167:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:25 April 1608
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1607:16 April 1607
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1424:to write his
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:Her visit to
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1252:or the young
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1134:
1131:, 1622–1625.
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:Duc d'Épernon
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1034:Duc de Luynes
1030:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
992:
987:
986:
980:
976:
975:
970:
969:
964:
960:
956:
952:
944:
940:
939:Louvre Museum
936:
931:
927:
925:
921:
920:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
877:
875:
871:
867:
866:Protestantism
863:
859:
858:Duke of Sully
855:
851:
847:
841:
839:
830:
826:
821:
814:
812:
810:
806:
802:
798:
795:
790:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
754:
752:
748:
744:
735:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:
711:
707:
703:
699:
691:
688:(detail), by
687:
683:
679:
677:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
611:
606:
602:
598:
596:
587:
582:
575:
573:
571:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
477:, Duchess of
476:
472:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:Palazzo Pitti
397:
396:Santi di Tito
392:
385:
381:
380:Palazzo Pitti
376:
369:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
299:King Henry IV
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
263:
259:
255:
252:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
213:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
176:
174:
170:
151:
146:
142:
137:
133:
127:
123:
120:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
94:Palazzo Pitti
91:26 April 1575
90:
86:
82:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5869:
5864:
5636:
5604:
5547:
5431:
5386:
5119:
5067:
5060:
5042:Marie Louise
4997:
4971:
4963:
4958:
4755:Anne of Kiev
4603:Carolingians
4578:Bertechildis
4464:Merovingians
4323:Medici lions
4300:Institutions
4140:Michelangelo
4098:Old Sacristy
4086:New Sacristy
3959:Villa Medici
3883:L'Ambrogiana
3868:Arena Metato
3758:
3718:Don Giovanni
3626:
3608:Giovan Carlo
3598:Ferdinando I
3565:
3523:
3503:Gian Gastone
3483:Ferdinando I
3324:
3318:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3233:
3181:
3174:
3144:
3125:
3110:
3106:
3080:
3072:
3053:
3033:
2996:
2979:
2975:
2955:
2936:
2926:
2899:
2872:
2845:
2838:Bibliography
2826:
2806:
2764:
2741:
2735:
2706:the original
2674:
2666:
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2635:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2603:
2583:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:
2553:
2526:
2520:
2500:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2471:
2451:
2444:
2432:. Retrieved
2422:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2392:
2386:
2366:
2359:
2347:
2335:
2323:
2316:Kermina 2010
2301:Kermina 2010
2286:Kermina 2010
2281:
2259:Kermina 2010
2254:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2218:
1902:
1635:Married (2)
1629:Married (1)
1497:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1453:
1430:
1425:
1414:Albert Burgh
1398:Amstel River
1379:
1343:
1324:
1310:
1292:
1277:
1275:
1263:A parchment
1262:
1235:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1176:
1160:
1156:
1146:
1124:
1093:
1086:
1075:
1070:
1059:
1041:
1040:(also named
1026:
1011:
998:
996:
989:
983:
979:Third Estate
972:
967:
948:
933:Portrait by
917:
914:
896:and her son
878:
842:
834:
805:assassinated
791:
787:
777:had treated
766:
762:
755:
740:
724:Papal legate
713:
697:
695:
685:
674:
639:
609:
600:
593:
590:
559:
540:
505:
498:
494:Dianora Dori
483:
467:
448:
402:Born at the
401:
351:Leonora Dori
340:
333:
311:
270:
269:
128:8 March 1643
113:(1642-07-03)
46:Portrait by
29:
5905:1642 deaths
5900:1575 births
5101:(1852–1870)
5082:(1830–1848)
4986:(1589–1792)
4964:(1422–1453)
4939:Mary Stuart
4867:(1328–1589)
4593:Chrothildis
4573:Wulfefundis
4568:Ragintrudis
4523:Austregilde
4518:Theudechild
4333:Medici Vase
4307:Medici Bank
4261:Jacopo Peri
4081:San Lorenzo
4072:Magi Chapel
3706:Condottieri
3627:female line
3545:Clement VII
3478:Francesco I
3279:3 July 1642
2982:(2): 5–14.
2679:Dubost 2009
2400:21 February
1548:14 May 1643
1460:Louis XVIII
1390:royal entry
1265:Prayer Book
1258:Simon Vouet
1256:, and even
1250:Jean Monier
1213:painted by
1197:designs of
1173:Jacob Bunel
1038:coup d'état
827:, c. 1606.
692:, 1622–1625
670:Jacopo Peri
528:mathematics
398:, ca. 1590.
370:Early years
111:3 July 1642
79:13 May 1610
5945:Louis XIII
5884:Categories
4919:Mary Tudor
4723:(987–1328)
4608:Robertians
4558:Gomentrude
4533:Galswintha
4478:Ultragotha
4384:Savonarola
4233:Scientists
4167:Michelozzo
4019:Fortresses
3863:Marignolle
3843:Camugliano
3838:La Petraia
3833:Spedaletto
3823:Mezzomonte
3783:Cafaggiolo
3587:Alessandro
3498:Cosimo III
3416:Lorenzo II
3154:2020122286
2963:L'Histoire
2958:Louis XIII
2746:Wikisource
2618:21 January
2201:References
1371:Gidea Hall
1207:Guido Reni
1165:Heliodorus
1029:Louis XIII
898:Louis XIII
668:, such as
633:of 1589 -
532:philosophy
343:favourites
326:coronation
307:Louis XIII
75:Coronation
5230:Placentia
5225:Stephanie
5220:Muniadona
4686:Frederuna
4676:Richardis
4636:Hildegard
4614:(751–987)
4588:Bilichild
4538:Fredegund
4513:Marcovefa
4508:Merofleda
4503:Ingoberga
4466:(509–751)
4389:TV series
4249:Musicians
4162:Donatello
4111:Patronage
3918:Seravezza
3853:La Topaia
3803:La Quiete
3767:Buildings
3732:Genealogy
3623:Francesco
3566:male line
3559:Cardinals
3488:Cosimo II
3099:908108250
3015:318870555
2918:185443497
2568:4 January
2545:213839989
2483:30 August
2434:29 August
1492:d'Épernon
1449:La Flèche
1382:Amsterdam
1161:Ethiopics
894:Elisabeth
706:Marseille
536:astronomy
479:Bracciano
357:, in the
257:Signature
4646:Luitgard
4641:Fastrada
4626:Gerberga
4612:Bosonids
4563:Nanthild
4553:Sichilde
4548:Bertrude
4528:Audovera
4488:Radegund
4483:Guntheuc
4473:Clotilde
4394:episodes
4274:Heraldry
4056:Volterra
4036:Piombino
4031:Grosseto
3984:Materdei
3908:Artimino
3888:La Màgia
3818:Castello
3692:Giuliano
3613:Leopoldo
3593:Giovanni
3589:(Leo XI)
3582:Ippolito
3570:Giovanni
3519:Caterina
3473:Cosimo I
3455:Cosimo I
3427:Ippolito
3411:Giuliano
3163:23128919
2891:25462248
2864:54540822
2652:19 March
2168:See also
1666:Ancestry
1655:Married
1593:Married
1571:Married
1551:Married
1488:intimate
1441:pleurisy
1406:pavilion
1402:tableaux
1339:Brussels
1333:(in the
1331:Étrœungt
1242:Guercino
1157:cabinets
1112:, 1622.
971:and the
968:paulette
937:, 1610.
775:Henry II
675:Euridice
553:and the
543:Florence
473:(son of
451:Eleonora
436:Habsburg
408:Florence
384:Florence
247:Religion
138:, France
98:Florence
5451:. Also
5235:Felicia
5165:Navarre
5120:italics
4498:Aregund
4374:Albizzi
4352:Related
4065:Chapels
4041:Pistoia
3969:Livorno
3932:Palaces
3898:Coltano
3893:Liliano
3878:Lapeggi
3848:Stabbia
3798:Fiesole
3793:Careggi
3788:Trebbio
3723:Mattias
3682:Filippo
3572:(Leo X)
3311:Navarre
3211:Drawing
3200:Baroque
2827:Dracula
1433:Cologne
1375:Germany
1359:England
1285:protégé
1135:Museum.
1007:Guyenne
1001:by the
815:Regency
794:crowned
702:Livorno
646:Tuscany
637:1593).
524:science
355:Cologne
295:Navarre
283:Italian
166:
158:
154:
119:Cologne
102:Tuscany
60:Navarre
4493:Ingund
4026:Arezzo
3923:Madama
3828:Agnano
3775:Villas
3697:Zanobi
3576:Giulio
3550:Leo XI
3421:Giulio
3372:People
3319:Vacant
3293:Vacant
3275:
3161:
3151:
3132:
3117:
3097:
3087:
3060:
3040:
3013:
3003:
2943:
2916:
2906:
2889:
2879:
2862:
2852:
2776:
2765:Medici
2643:
2596:online
2590:
2543:
2533:
2508:
2459:
2374:
2225:
1533:Notes
1437:Rubens
1418:rosary
1367:London
1231:Louvre
1169:Louvre
1133:Louvre
974:taille
650:France
551:guitar
432:Medici
422:, and
330:regent
275:French
237:Mother
227:Father
221:Medici
144:Spouse
125:Burial
66:Tenure
5447:Also
5179:Auria
4051:Siena
3603:Carlo
3540:Leo X
3533:Popes
3524:Maria
3277:Died:
3270:Born:
2740:[
2709:(PDF)
2702:(PDF)
1530:Death
1527:Birth
1505:Issue
1313:, by
1211:Muses
1127:, by
959:Paris
943:Paris
783:Paris
747:Louis
666:opera
621:(the
412:Italy
216:House
173:Issue
160:(
156:
136:Paris
5637:none
5605:none
5197:Toda
4610:and
3979:Pisa
3913:Buti
3309:and
3202:art.
3159:OCLC
3149:ISBN
3130:ISBN
3115:ISBN
3095:OCLC
3085:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3038:ISBN
3011:OCLC
3001:ISBN
2941:ISBN
2914:OCLC
2904:ISBN
2887:OCLC
2877:ISBN
2860:OCLC
2850:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2654:2016
2641:ISBN
2620:2023
2588:ISBN
2570:2020
2541:OCLC
2531:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2485:2020
2457:ISBN
2436:2020
2402:2011
2372:ISBN
2241:The
2223:ISBN
2117:15.
2059:14.
1997:13.
1939:12.
1875:11.
1817:10.
1524:Name
1490:was
1240:and
1036:) a
848:and
720:Lyon
648:and
625:and
597:d'or
595:écus
586:Rome
555:lute
455:Anna
442:and
365:Life
349:and
293:and
108:Died
88:Born
58:and
5163:of
4316:Art
3213:by
2984:doi
2085:7.
2023:3.
1965:6.
1901:1.
1843:5.
1781:2.
1755:9.
1723:4.
1697:8.
1369:in
1291:" (
1205:by
1181:of
1163:of
1073:).
957:in
807:by
672:'s
481:).
406:of
5886::
4079:,
3629::
3568::
3232:.
3173:,
3157:.
3093:.
3032:.
3009:.
2974:.
2931:77
2912:.
2885:.
2858:.
2817:^
2805:.
2788:^
2772:.
2770:75
2754:^
2734:.
2717:^
2686:^
2611:.
2594:,
2561:.
2539:.
2308:^
2293:^
2266:^
2209:^
1517:).
1466:.
1317:.
1193:.
1052:.
941:,
904:,
785:.
769:,
730:.
635:c.
572:.
534:,
530:,
518:,
446:.
418:,
410:,
382:,
361:.
285::
281:;
277::
162:m.
134:,
100:,
96:,
5868:^
5854:*
5848:*
5842:*
5836:*
5830:*
5824:*
5807:*
5801:*
5795:*
5789:*
5772:*
5766:*
5760:*
5743:*
5737:*
5720:*
5714:*
5697:*
5691:*
5685:*
5679:*
5673:*
5667:*
5661:*
5655:*
5523:^
5486:e
5479:t
5472:v
5455:.
5153:e
5146:t
5139:v
5122:.
4605:,
4430:e
4423:t
4416:v
3357:e
3350:t
3343:v
3247:"
3167:.
3165:.
3138:.
3101:.
3068:.
3066:.
3048:.
3046:.
3017:.
2990:.
2986::
2980:2
2949:.
2920:.
2893:.
2866:.
2782:.
2748:.
2656:.
2622:.
2572:.
2547:.
2514:.
2487:.
2465:.
2438:.
2404:.
2380:.
2231:.
1321:.
1116:.
945:.
831:.
678:.
386:.
273:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
