337:(pp. 126-36), Marianne’s father may have bribed German officials. Or, the Abwehr (German counterintelligence unit) sometimes assisted Jews to leave Germany on condition that they serve as spies for the Nazi government under the threat of retaliation against family members who remained in Germany. Or, anti-Nazi elements in the Abwehr were known to have assisted some Jews leave Germany, sometimes using the false pretext that those Jews would be spies for Germany. Roseman found no conclusive proof for which explanation accounts for the Strauss family’s exclusion from deportation to Łódź in 1941.
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The two officials disappeared into the basement, probably to find some loot. Unable to say goodbye to my parents, brother and my relatives, I followed the impulse of the moment, ran out of the house just as I was, with some hundred-mark notes which my father had stuffed into my pocket just a few moments before. I ran for my life, expecting a pistol shot behind me any minute. To go in that way seemed to me a much better fate than the unimaginable one that might await me in
193:, a city in the industrial region of western Germany. During World War II, Marianne Strauß and her family faced deportation by the Gestapo. Marianne managed to escape and found refuge with members of a group called Bund. Society for Socialist Life, including Fritz and Maria Briel. She moved frequently to avoid detection and formed a close bond with the Briels. Marianne was eventually liberated by the U.S. Army in 1945.
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The
Gestapo officials did not let us out of their sight. The allotted two hours were filled with feverish packing of the few things that we were able to take with us–clothing which, in the unknown destination of a 'work camp', should be practical warm and with luck keep us alive. Then came my moment.
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It was decided that I should never stay for more than three weeks with any one person. We had to prevent the relatives or neighbours from getting suspicious. In any case, I had no food coupons, so my friends (from the bund), carried the great burden of having to feed me from their rations. But I had
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They spent the rest of their lives in
Liverpool. She worked as a teacher and also reported to the BBC on the rebuilding of Germany. Marianne died in 1996 and her account was published as a small article in a German Journal. Her story was put together by historian Mark Roseman in his book about her,
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Marianne was born in 1923 in Essen, a city in West
Germany. She was born into a rich Jewish family. The father of the Strauss family was a very successful businessman, who did well even in times when everybody else in the countries was doing badly. Although the family feared what the policies of
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emigration impossible (Roseman, pp. 86-87). An application for emigration to the United States was seemingly nearing approval in 1941 when the U.S. closed its German consulates, bringing that attempt to a close (Roseman, pp. 118-19). Unfortunately, all their efforts to leave
Germany failed.
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While this was occurring, the
Strauss family was attempting to immigrate to Sweden, America or a South American country. In 1939, Australia and New Zealand had rejected their applications to emigrate. In that same year, Great Britain approved an application but the outbreak of war made that
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some money and access to suitcases containing clothes and linen that my parents had hidden some weeks before their deportation, so I was able to barter their contents with farmers in the country in exchange for food or clothing coupons. This was an essential but very dangerous operation.
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In
October 1941, the Strauss family was to be deported to the Łódź ghetto along with other Jewish families from Essen. However, when they arrived at the railroad station for deportation, officials told them to return home, where they remained until 1943.
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Over the next two years
Marianne lived with families of the Bund all around eastern Germany, for short periods of time. While Marianne was living in relative safety, the rest of her immediate family members were in a Jewish Ghetto or a
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could do to them, they felt sheltered because they were wealthy and their region was more tolerant of Jews than the rest of the country. Marianne was shocked when she went to a German high school and experienced
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Soon, the
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officers appeared at their door. They said that the family had two hours to prepare their luggage for the next transport to the East.
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An explanation for why they were allowed to remain in Essen is unclear. As indicated in Mark
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Language, Politics, and
Society: The New Languages Department : Festschrift in Honour of Professor D.E. Ager
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had been gassed in the last few days. I knew my parents and my brother had been on the transport to Auschwitz.
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who was a doctor and a Captain in the British Army attached to the occupying forces after World War II.
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the transport that had gone from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz on 18 December 1943
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On 7 June 1944–on my twenty-first birthday, I was… in Beverstedt and heard on
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189:(1923-1996) was a Jewish woman who was born in
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