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the main defensive point. Undeterred, Álavarez constructed barricades and trenches inside the city and battle raged for another four months before Álavarez, exhausted and ill, handed over command to a subordinate. Two days later, on 12 December, the town capitulated. It is estimated that some 10,000 people, soldiers and civilians, had died inside. French losses were around 15,000, over half of those to disease.
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On the 6 May 1809 a French army of 18,000 men besieged the town. Álvarez had only 5,600 men under arms. The French mounted 40 gun batteries that over the next seven months fired some 20,000 explosive shells and 60,000 cannonballs into the city. In August, the French captured the castle of Montjuïc,
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184:. On 29 February French troops arrived to take possession of the fortress. Álvarez was preparing to defend it against them when he received direct orders of his Commander in Chief to hand it over. Álvarez fled Barcelona and joined the Spanish rebels against French rule. The
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Under the military governor
Mariano Álvarez de Castro the resistance was carried on by regular troops, including a large contingent of Spain's Irish Brigade, and civilian volunteers, among whom women grouped in the Company of St. Barbara
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Regiment in May 1810. In 1815 a black marble tablet was placed on his grave which stated that Álvarez had been poisoned, and was a
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165:(1793–1795) against France he took part in many notable actions, was wounded, and spent 75 days under fire at the siege of
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Spain and
Portugal: A Reference Guide From The Renaissance To The Present
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Mariano José Manuel
Bernardo Álvarez Bermúdez de Castro y López Aparicio
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was deposed – named Álvarez commander of the Army of
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In 2010, around the 200th anniversary of his death, an exhibition
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in April 1809 and made a
Commander of the First Battalion of the
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In spite of Álvarez's poor health, the French imprisoned him at
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to the throne of Spain in 1808, Álvarez was commander of the
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in 1783, and by 1793 was a
Colonel of Infantry. During the
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423:"General Mariano Alvarez de Castro's funeral monument"
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253:Victim of the Iniquity of the French Tyrant
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347:"Álvarez de Castro y su tiempo"
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95:Years of service
249:Spanish Royal Guards
172:On the accession of
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163:War of the Pyrenees
122:War of the Pyrenees
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354:Congreso.es
267:, formerly
448:Categories
289:References
133:Brigadier
77:Allegiance
225:Perpignan
194:Catalonia
182:Barcelona
167:Collioure
149:Biography
269:Napoleon
233:Figueres
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432:30 June
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