226:(1936–39). He was Basque, a career soldier, and had no political affiliation. He commanded a brigade on the Aragon front in the early months of the war, then was assigned to command the Basque forces in May 1937. He retreated westward from Basque country in June 1937 when attacked by greatly superior Nationalist forces. Soon after he was given command of the Army of the North, and tried to defend Santander. When this fell, he moved to Asturias, where he was replaced as commander. He escaped, returned to Valencia, and was briefly given command of a brigade, but was moved to a less responsible post due to doubts about his ability. After the war he lived in exile in France, where he wrote his memoirs, before being allowed to return to Spain a few years before his death.
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mechanized units. They had more than 200 aircraft including elite units from Italy and
Germany. The city held 160,000 refugees, and its supply routes from the sea were being attacked by Nationalist ships and aircraft. On 22 August 1937 Gámir convened a meeting in Santander with José Antonio Aguirre, the government's Defense delegate, the military commanders and representatives of the political organizations. He proposed an immediate reduction in the length of the front, which was too broad to be defended. This was agreed, although the Basque troops chose to withdraw. The city of Santander fell on 26 August 1937.
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commission that discussed withdrawal of foreign nationals from Spain. On 12 October 1938 he was appointed
Inspector General of Military Education. After the fall of Catalonia he went into exile in France, where he wrote his memoirs. In the 1950s Franco gave him permission to return to Spain, and he took up farming in
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decided to appoint Gámir to command the Basque army. However, he was not given command of the rest of the Army of the North. Aguirre found Gámir more acceptable than Llano de la
Encomienda. Gamir was truly apolitical, unconnected to any of the parties of the left, a qualified commander and a Basque.
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in
Asturias. On 25 June 1937 Gámir was given command of the Army of the North. Colonel Vidal took over what was left of the Basque Army. In the remaining defense of the north Gámir showed himself a capable professional, but did not have the forces needed to succeed against the Nationalists. To stop
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Gámir took a plane from Gijón to France, and later returned from there to
Valencia, where he took command of the 6th Infantry Brigade. He was subject to much criticism of his performance in the north, and was later removed from active command. Gamir was Spanish representative on the international
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had almost three times the strength. Gámir tried to recruit more soldiers, but could not raise enough to defend the front. He developed a plan to join up with the Aragon front in July 1937, but this was rejected by the
Republican government. He had to deal with high levels of desertion among the
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The
Nationalist offensive against Santander began on 14 August 1937. Gamir had 80,000 defensive troops, poorly equipped and with low morale, and 44 aircraft. Only 18 of the aircraft were modern fighters. The attacking forces of General Dávila included 90,000 troops including 25,000 soldiers in
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When Gámir took command, the Basque Army had 85 battalions organized into
Brigades and Divisions. There was a shortage of trained military commanders, and insufficient war materials. Gámir reorganized the staff, placing Commander Lamas in charge of it. In face of an immediate threat to
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Gámir and the staff of the Army of the North moved by submarine to
Asturias, the last part of the north held by the Republic. When he arrived the Interprovincial Council of Asturias and Leon declared its sovereignty. The Council of Asturias elected Colonel
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family. He entered the
Infantry Academy at the age of fifteen and advanced rapidly in the army due to his unusual technical skills and strength of character. He was appointed brigadier general in 1933, and a few months later was made director of the
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he ordered greater mobilization, accelerated work on fortifications and redeployment of the defending troops. However, the Francoist advance continued and by 16 June 1937 he had to order a general retreat to the west of the
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to the last. However, Gámir took responsibility for the decision to evacuate the Basque government and retreat from Bilbao at a meeting on 16 June 1937 with the Basque government and General Llano de la Encomienda.
247:'s rebellion in July 1936. He was sent to Valencia in July 1936 and led the 5th Infantry Brigade. In early 1937 he also took command of the 6th Infantry Brigade. His troops played an active role on the
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the advance of Franco's troops he had more than 80,000 soldiers grouped into four corps, nearly 300 artillery pieces, 40 aircraft and 17 anti-aircraft. The opposing forces under General
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river. Gámir sent a telegram to the Minister of National Defense saying he planned to give up the Basque Country. Prieto ordered him to defend
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troops from the conservative province of Santander, although the Asturian troops were more loyal to the republican cause.
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On 19 June 1937 Gámir left Bilbao just before the Nationalist troops entered the city. The front was pulled back to
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Infantry Academy. He remained loyal to the Republic when the Spanish Civil War began with General
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At the start of Spring in 1937 there were two rival commanders of the Basque army. General
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222:(1877 – 28 July, 1962) was a Spanish general who fought on the Republican side during the
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365:"De mis memorias". Guerra de España. 1936-1939. Campaña del norte. Comisión internacional
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317:, Gámir took effective command of the Army of the North. Llano de la Encomienda moved to
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by bombing in April 1937 showed the weakness of the Republican defense. On 31 May 1937
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Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
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had been appointed commander of the Army of the North by the Republic.
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The Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-1939
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to command the Army of the North in place of Gámir.
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Insurgent advances in the north March–September 1937
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28: and the second or maternal family name is
613:Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War
234:Mariano Gámir Ulíbarri was born in 1877 to a
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251:front in the early stages of the Civil War.
363:Gámir Ulibarri, Mariano; Miaja, J. (1939).
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352:. Mariano Gámir Ulíbarri died in 1962.
585:. University of Nevada Press. p.
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610:Salvadó, Francisco J. Romero (2013).
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559:"Mariano Gámir Ulíbarri (1877-1959)"
538:Cortabarría Igartua, Germán (2015).
401:Mariano Gámir Ulíbarri ... dia a dia
367:. Ediciones Estrella. p. 191.
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269:Francisco Llano de la Encomienda
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563:Guerra Civil Espanola dia a dia
517:. Cambridge University Press.
511:Alpert, Michael (2013-02-28).
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616:. Rowman & Littlefield.
20:, the first or paternal
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577:Payne, Stanley G. (1975).
73:28 July, 1962 (aged 84–85)
15:
44:
540:"Mariano Gamir Ulibarri"
444:Cortabarría Igartua 2015
144:Spanish Republican Army
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220:Mariano Gámir Ulíbarri
39:Mariano Gámir Ulíbarri
313:. When he arrived in
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186:6th Infantry Brigade
174:6th Infantry Brigade
169:5th Infantry Brigade
150:Years of service
273:José Antonio Aguirre
275:, president of the
210:Battle of Santander
76:Valparaíso de Abajo
581:Basque Nationalism
265:
623:978-0-8108-5784-1
596:978-0-87417-042-9
524:978-1-107-02873-9
255:Army of the North
224:Spanish Civil War
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199:Spanish Civil War
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658:Spanish generals
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285:Indalecio Prieto
245:Francisco Franco
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115:Spanish Republic
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101:Kingdom of Spain
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205:Biscay Campaign
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277:Basque Country
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180:Northern Army
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627:. Retrieved
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565:. 2013-02-11
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548:. Retrieved
546:(in Spanish)
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528:. Retrieved
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471:Salvadó 2013
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420:
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364:
356:Publications
346:
343:Later career
337:Adolfo Prada
333:
329:
324:Fidel Dávila
308:
290:
266:
233:
230:Early career
219:
218:
197:
194:Battles/wars
135:Spanish Army
29:
25:
18:Spanish name
653:1962 deaths
648:1877 births
495:Alpert 2013
483:Alpert 2013
456:Alpert 2013
413:Alpert 2013
118:(1931–1939)
104:(1893–1931)
642:Categories
629:2015-08-03
602:2015-08-03
569:2015-08-03
550:2015-08-03
544:Euskomedia
530:2015-08-03
425:Payne 1975
90:Allegiance
315:Santander
311:Cantabria
153:1893–1939
281:Guernica
166:Commands
124:Service/
30:Ulíbarri
16:In this
504:Sources
299:Nervión
161:General
22:surname
620:
593:
521:
350:Cuenca
303:Bilbao
294:Bilbao
249:Aragon
241:Toledo
236:Basque
188:(1938)
183:(1937)
176:(1937)
171:(1936)
126:branch
80:Cuenca
60:Madrid
374:Notes
319:Gijón
84:Spain
26:Gámir
618:ISBN
591:ISBN
519:ISBN
158:Rank
70:Died
57:1877
54:Born
587:209
24:is
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463:^
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381:^
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32:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
