1528:, bringing the paper in line with his policy of "unqualified governmental collaboration". When the Negrín government published its political program, the anarchist movement became increasingly worried about the apparent counter-revolutionary aspirations of the Republican state. Vázquez and Prieto attempted to calm the rising anxieties of the anarchist movement by providing a positive spin to the programme's points, defending it as necessary to solicit support from Western democracies, although this support would ultimately never arrive.
251:
1428:, the leaders of the Anarchist Youth of Catalonia. When the anarchist government ministers Federica Montseny and Joan Garcia i Oliver were criticised by anarchists from other countries in June 1937, Vázquez hit back, calling for the international anarchist movement to support them. He also denounced his critics, accusing them of "playing into the hands of the enemy", and regretted that the international anarchist movement had not been more supportive of Spanish anti-fascists. He reserved praise for
225:
1458:, requesting that she defend the CNT's continued collaboration with the Republican government at a meeting of the IWA. Although Goldman had been privately sympathetic to anarchist criticisms of collaboration and militarisation, she publicly defended the policy as the best of many bad options, urging European and American anarchists to tone down their criticisms of the CNT leadership. Nevertheless, in January 1938, Vázquez and the FAI's leader
1396:, rather than part of an attack by the Stalinists against all their political opponents, Vázquez publicly protested against the political repression of the POUM. He stated that the repression of the POUM had started the Republicans down a "dangerous course", which would lead to the political repression of anyone demonstrating opposition to the government. He expressed worry that he may be at risk of arrest, imprisonment and execution.
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discipline and accept government mandates in order to advance the war effort; and he justified the CNT only holding one government ministry as a means to appease western democracies so they would allow war material over the border. This move came amidst heightening discontent from the radical elements of the anarchist movement, including from
Jacinto Toryho, who Vázquez swiftly ousted as editor of
785:
1451:(IWA), Vázquez downplayed reports of repression by the Republican government against the anarchists and stated that the CNT was still growing and united in purpose in spite of the repression against it. He stated that CNT's primary concern was to win the war and declared that, once they had done so, the CNT would resume its revolution and bring Spain under anarcho-syndicalist control.
1047:(FAI), where he became popularly known by the nickname "Marianet". During the Republican years, he was frequently detained for his anarchist activism and served six prison sentences, totalling 29 months. On one occasion, in September 1931, he was arrested during a confrontation between his union and the police. He was imprisoned for a year and three months, which he spent studying
1486:. Although Vázquez convinced many anarcho-syndicalists to participate in the demonstration, there was already a division within the anarchist movement over the issue of continued resistance. Vázquez argued for the necessity of "all-out resistance", while the FAI's central committee called for opposition to the Republican "counterrevolution" and considered the possibility of an
797:
1356:" and called for the formation of an opposition coalition with the UGT. But this was widely seen by his opponents as a bluff, as within days of the report's publication, Vázquez was meeting with Negrín in an attempt "to discuss conditions for possible collaboration". The following month, Vázquez called for the creation of a government with
1688:, Garcia i Oliver depicted Vázquez as having "intellectual limitations" and accused him of being either a puppet of the Soviets or other members of the anarchist leadership. Garcia denounced the "unmistakably Gypsy" Vázquez as untrustworthy and claimed that any changes in the CNT during the war were due to "Gypsy chicanery".
33:
1556:
was closed by the CNT-FAI. Meanwhile, the
Mujeres Libres were experiencing severe financial difficulties, but had received little-to-no support from the official anarchist organisations. When Emma Goldman appealed to Vázquez for aid, he responded defensively, rejecting that the CNT hadn't done enough
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By
October 1938, the Spanish anarchist movement was on the verge of splitting over continued collaboration with the Republican government. At the movement's National Plenary in Barcelona, Vázquez took the side of the "collaborationists". He defended anti-fascist unity, which he considered a necessity
1347:
In the wake of the conflict, Vázquez reiterated his support for the government, calling for it to be reorganised on the basis of a CNT-UGT coalition with Largo
Caballero continuing as its president. But Largo Caballero failed to form a new cabinet and was subsequently replaced by the communist-backed
1523:
Vázquez praised the formation of the new government, which he thought would inspired
Spanish anti-fascists to win the war. In an address the CNT's local unions, he promised that repression against anarchists would halt and that the CNT would regain its positions; he called for anarchists to maintain
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excluded the PSUC from his administration, first seeking the approval of Vázquez before publicly announcing the move. By
September 1936, Vázquez had overseen the integration of several members of the CNT into the Catalan government, taking three ministries and other posts associated with defence and
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agreed that the CNT's collaboration with Negrín had led to a "disaster", she also defended Vázquez's position of prolonging the war until the outbreak of World War II as having been vindicated by the pace of history. On the 20th anniversary of his death, Montseny published a biography of Vázquez in
1616:
Despite their argument, for
Goldman's 70th birthday in June 1939, Vázquez sent her his appreciation for her sustained understanding and aid in their struggle. He dubbed Goldman as the "spiritual mother" of the Spanish anarchist movement, in a tribute that Goldman described as the most beautiful she
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wrote that collaboration "had a devastating effect upon him" and described how much he had changed since his time as secretary of the CNT's construction union. But
Bolloten rejected the characterisation of Vázquez as a conscious servant of Negrín and the communists, noting a post-war report by the
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As the
Nationalists began to advance against the Republicans, Vázquez continued campaigning for the anarchists to be reincorporated into the government. This process culminated in March 1938, when the CNT and the UGT made an agreement for the CNT to rejoin the government. The pact was largely
1608:
the country, which the
Spanish government had been unable to hide in its propaganda directed towards the Western democracies. He entered into a bitter exchange of angry letters with Emma Goldman, who accused him of having been "duped" by Negrín and the communists into "giv up the defence of
1490:
with the Nationalists. Not long after the demonstrations, Vázquez again reiterated his calls for representatives of the CNT be brought into the government. But he shocked some of his colleagues in the CNT leadership when he also proposed that the overall composition of the government remain
1080:, who responded that male anarcho-syndicalists were largely disinterested in encouraging women's participation in the movement and proposed that women needed to be treated as equals by men if they were to be recruited into the movement. She also rejected Vázquez's plan to devote a page of
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as a notable example of Romani participation in the Spanish anarchist movement. Sierra and Profundo contrasted the anti-Romani stereotypes of "laziness, ignorance and dishonesty", which were levelled against him by his opponents, with his "effectiveness as the head of the CNT".
1633:
In a September 1938 lecture, Vázquez reflected on how the Spanish anarchist movement of the 1930s would be understood in history. He hoped to be remembered as a principled anti-fascist, who treated fascism as the "number-one enemy" of the time period, contrasting himself with
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into Barcelona. But Vázquez, along with Durruti and Garcia i Oliver, launched an armed defence of anarchist control of the capital, demanding the government's immediate dissolution. To appease the anarchists and avoid armed confrontation, the Catalan prime minister
1404:
Despite the repressions, Vázquez continued to support the Negrín government. This made him a focus of criticism from other anarchists, who accused Vázquez of "revisionism" and a "betrayal of anarchist principles". Vázquez was most vocally criticised by the
960:
in June 1939. His memory soon became a target for anarchist critics of collaborationism, who held him personally responsible for the revolution's collapse. Allegations of moral and political corruption were made against him, sometimes infused with
1702:. Although she expressed her admiration for him, describing him as very friendly and attractive, her description also contained anti-Romani sentiments, depicting him as an unintelligent, infantile and inexperienced man of "insufficient culture".
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wrote to Goldman requesting that she tone down her criticisms of the PCE and the Republican government, worrying that such criticisms would make the international labour movement indifferent towards the Spanish anti-fascists.
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reported that, during this period, Vázquez spent his meetings with Negrín "discussing trivialities" and appeared ignorant to the "gigantic operation under way to end once and for all the influence of the CNT." After the
953:, whom anarchists blamed for the Republican defeat. Vázquez held that the defeat was from insufficient support from Western democracies, and that the CNT had been premature in pursuing revolution before winning the war.
1212:. In his first address to the CNT, on 20 November, Vázquez appealed for "individual and collective discipline" in the face of the circumstances that drove them to collaboration with the government. He quickly appointed
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welcomed by the anarchist rank-and-file, who were exhausted with the factional dispute. Although a vocal minority still opposed it, Vázquez retorted that he was "indifferent" to them and praised UGT secretary
1547:
Although she privately aligned with the FAI, Goldman publicly refused to speak out against the CNT, fearing a Republican defeat. She attempted to appeal to Vázquez for clemency for imprisoned members of the
1060:
He became a frequent contributor to the anarchist press, in which he advocated for the establishment of a women's platform within the anarchist movement. In 1935, he published two articles on the subject in
1503:
to the CNT, without any ministerial positions, but this was rejected by Vázquez. Vázquez and Horacio Prieto put together a list of three CNT members for their prospective ministry, from which Negrín chose
1352:. Negrín quickly ousted the CNT from his cabinet and rejected Vázquez's appeals for its reincorporation. On 29 May, Vázquez issued a report that rejected further collaboration with the "government of the
1520:, which acted as a "sub-government" to Negrín's council of ministers. The move was met with skepticism from many in the anarchist movement, who questioned whether they would have any meaningful power.
1005:. When he was a teenager, he escaped the institution. Without a family or a job throughout the 1920s, he faced difficulties with poverty and was frequently imprisoned. In prison, he met members of the
1209:
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47:
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expressed regret to Vázquez over their response to the provocation, saying that the CNT leadership had made an error "in bringing an end to the firing without having resolved the pending problems."
1249:, who accused him of expelling "true anarchists" from the paper and replacing them with "suspect journalists", Vázquez publicly defended him as having worked in service of the CNT's political line.
1478:
had been successful and the Republican government considered the option of surrender. This move was met with a furious response from the workers of Barcelona, where Vázquez backed a communist-led
1499:
In April 1938, Negrín finally agreed to bring a member of the CNT into his cabinet, but was only prepared to give it one ministry and wanted to chose the minister. He had initially only offered
1536:, which would force the Western democracies to intervene against the Nationalists. He was opposed by the "abstentionists", now led by Pedro Herrera and the FAI, who called for a return to
1069:
persisted. He called for anarchist women to unite with their male counterparts to create a new society, where everyone has economic independence, which he believed would bring an end to
891:, his mother died while he was young and his father subsequently abandoned him. He spent his teenage years in poverty and was often imprisoned. There, he first found connection with the
1609:
Barcelona". Vázquez retorted that no betrayal had taken place, stating his belief that the lack of Western support that had been the cause for the Republican defeat. He argued that the
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to women's issues, as she had ambitions to create a separate journal for anarchist women. Saornil's plans culminated with her establishing the anarchist women's organisation
1238:, who had a more lax editorial line, and charged Toryho with adapting the newspaper to the strict discipline he saw as necessary. When Toryho was criticised by Callejas and
621:
4172:
1684:. Although Vázquez never publicly referenced his identity as a Romani person, it was frequently highlighted and stereotyped by his opponents to discredit him. In his book
1673:
that said the party had "no possibility of directly influencing the Anarchist unions from the inside", as Vazquez had consistently refused to link the CNT with the PCE.
1308:
In the early months of the war, both the anarchists and the government of Largo Caballero had wanted equitable collaboration, with anarchist leaders such as Vázquez,
1196:. Vázquez secured four ministries for the CNT in the new government and convinced the intransigent Joan Garcia i Oliver to take a ministerial post. He then moved to
1600:
In his personal analysis of the Republican defeat, Vázquez continued to emphasise a lack of discipline as a motivating factor. He blamed both the CNT's attempts at
1276:
implementation, and that anarchists would maintain control of their own units, although they would be integrated into a coordinated and unified force, under strict
1705:
Despite the abundant availability of documents and material on his life, as of 2022, Vázquez has not been the subject of a complete biography. Vázquez, along with
1447:
service, the CNT's leadership supported it, with Vázquez recommending that Negrín appoint Garcia i Oliver as its leader. Addressing the 1937 Paris Congress of the
921:
Following the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, Vázquez was elected the CNT's general secretary, becoming a leading advocate for anarchist collaboration with the
1065:, demonstrating sympathy for the problems anarchist women faced within the movement and declaring that they were effectively "slaves of slaves" so long as the
1188:, and oversaw the integration of anarchists into the Republican government. He initially opposed immediate integration into the government, aiming to secure
686:
4079:
1649:
After his death, critics of anarchist collaboration with the Republican government began to hold Vázquez personally responsible for the collapse of the
1204:. The government's move to Valencia provoked discontent from the CNT's membership, many of whom accused the government and their own general secretary,
1581:(MLE). From this position, Vázquez organised the provision of aid to other refugees that had fled Spain, encouraging Spanish anarchists to emigrate to
1590:
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in return for recognition of the government, Vázquez encouraged them to accept. In August, when anarchists protested against the establishment of the
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1320:. However, civil conflict between the anarchists and communists had come to a head in early 1937, as the latter faction (which opposed anarchist
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in early 1937, Vázquez called for each party on the Republican side to examine their own responsibility in the defeat. In April 1937, when the
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1208:, of "cowardice". Prieto responded on 18 November 1936, by tendering his "irrevocable resignation". In his place, Vázquez was elected as the
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against the now-overwhelming military force of the Nationalists. He believed that the prolonging the war could result in it merging with a
1157:
965:. In the 21st century, he has been cited as a notable example of Romani participation in the leadership of the Spanish anarchist movement.
825:
1642:, Vázquez's leadership during the Civil War was characterised by "waverings and inconsistencies", which he contrasted with the unchanging
1256:, engaged in diplomacy with Mexico and international volunteers, and publicised the deaths of anarchists fighting on the frontlines. When
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Vázquez became a leading advocate of anarchist collaboration with the governments of Catalonia and the Spanish Republic. He moved to
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1680:, of various personal, moral and political infractions, most of which were unsubstantiated rumours and some of which were driven by
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for all organisations on the Republican side, but the government had no intention of readmitting the anarchists into their ranks.
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for the women's organisation, while pointing out that the anarchist movement did not have the resources that the communists had.
998:
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and learnt to read and write. After his release, he joined the construction union of the CNT and began writing for its newspaper
523:
1743:
1552:, but he declined to pursue the issue due to the pressing Nationalist advance. Before the end of the year, Goldman's office in
1284:
within the anarchist movement was the best way that they could counter the "tidal wave of confusion" caused by the rise of the
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1324:) increasingly attacked the former. In April, Vázquez publicly denounced the communists for killing anarcho-syndicalists in
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1332:, when fighting between the two factions broke out over control of Barcelona, Vázquez went to the city to mediate a
941:, Vázquez fled to France, where he organised aid for Spanish refugees and the transfer of the CNT's archives to the
4182:
3904:
1650:
1610:
1513:
1341:
1337:
1257:
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573:
533:
85:
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Ruiz, Julius (2009). "'Work and Don't Lose Hope': Republican Forced Labour Camps during the Spanish Civil War".
1292:, he reorganised the CNT's syndicates into sections that could better support the war effort. He also announced
933:
drew criticism from parts of the anarchist movement, which condemned his continued loyalty to the government of
1406:
1361:
1285:
1145:
1140:, who appeared to have accepted the anarchist control over Barcelona. Vázquez then oversaw the formation of an
1105:
950:
696:
1618:
1577:, he oversaw the reorganisation of the Spanish anarchist movement in exile, becoming general secretary of the
166:
1175:
4212:
3762:"The Anarchist in Uniform: The Militarisation of Anarchist Culture during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)"
1479:
1336:. He and Montseny secured an armistice, in exchange for the dismissal of the Catalan communist police chief
1113:
1025:
922:
754:
256:
1613:
had frightened off western powers from supporting the Republic, and that it had therefore been a mistake.
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In July 1937, when the government legalised anarchist agricultural collectives and offered them financial
724:
656:
370:
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1681:
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1589:. He also personally ensured the removal of the Spanish anarchist movement's archives from Spain to the
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1517:
1239:
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1300:" (young bourgeois men) that spent their time relaxing in cafés rather than fighting on the frontline.
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1057:. After his release, he returned to political activism and quickly rose through the ranks of the CNT.
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949:, who, after supporting him during the war, questioned whether he had been "duped" by Negrín and the
360:
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in July 1936, Vázquez had become secretary of the CNT's regional committee in Catalonia. During the
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1272:, which had opposed calls for militarisation. He promised that the militarisation would not be an
548:
4012:"Gitano, ignorante y traidor. Mariano R. Vázquez en la Literatura Histórica Militante Libertaria"
1325:
1321:
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1340:. Vázquez believed that the communists had sought to provoke the anarchists into open conflict.
488:
1373:, demanding the re-entry of the CNT into government and a reform of the Republican war effort.
4125:
4093:
4075:
4063:
4036:
4026:
3998:
3988:"Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez, "Marianet", gitano y dirigente libertario durante la Guerra Civil"
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that demanded the Republicans not surrender and called for the removal of Defence Minister
32:
1388:. Although he considered the affair to be a symptom of intra-Marxist conflict between the
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unchanged, in effect proposing that Prieto be allowed to remain in the defence ministry.
1425:
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1233:
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503:
1028:, Vázquez was released from prison into a new political environment. He found work as a
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1505:
1349:
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1253:
1137:
1085:
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170:
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1419:
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advanced, Vázquez instructed anarchists to evacuate Spain, and he fled into exile in
1444:
1313:
1218:
983:
957:
563:
528:
423:
403:
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1432:, who he described as the only member of the IWA that had a "real critical spirit".
1376:
In this time, the Negrín government had also intensified its repression against the
3945:
1726:
1537:
1533:
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was decreed, he defended the policy in an interview with the anti-statist magazine
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district. His mother died while he was a child, and his father abandoned him to a
666:
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against the Nationalists. Within weeks, the Catalan government – composed of the
4117:
3791:"The memory of Spanish Gypsies: Scholarship, oral history, and archive research"
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Free Women of Spain: Anarchism and the Struggle for the Emancipation of Women
1288:(PCE). To impose the military discipline of the frontline onto the anarchist
3834:
3692:
1638:" who preferred idealistic sacrifices to necessary compromise. To historian
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3951:
Emma Goldman in Exile: From the Russian Revolution to the Spanish Civil War
1148:, arguing for the necessity of anarcho-syndicalists fighting alongside the
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Throughout the war, Vázquez concerned himself with the activities of the
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attacked Vázquez for having "clung like a leech to Negrín's gang"; and
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4019:
No es país para jóvenes: Actas del Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores
3809:
3790:
3708:
1582:
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1516:. Meanwhile, Vázquez and Prieto joined the national committee of the
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1066:
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for the CNT in a government presided over by the trade union leader
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and taught him how to read and write. He subsequently dropped his
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1410:
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1200:, where the government had sought refuge from the Nationalist's
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4050:"Figuras y contrafiguras del drama: Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez"
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had ever received. That same night, Vázquez was found dead in
642:
Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire
4188:
General secretaries of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
3900:"Gypsy Anarchism: Navigating Ethnic and Political Identities"
1625:. Some of his friends considered his death to be suspicious.
4198:
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
3146:
3144:
48:
General Secretary of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
2947:
2945:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1585:, where they were hosted by the sympathetic government of
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Anarchism, the Republic and Civil War in Spain: 1931–1939
1471:
as "a symbol of the unity of the Spanish working class."
1104:, he and other members of the CNT leadership stormed the
3731:
The Spanish Civil War: Revolution and Counterrevolution
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
1676:
Vázquez was posthumously accused by critics, including
855:(1909 – 18 June 1939), popularly known by his nickname
1162:
Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia
1017:"Rodríguez" and began signing his name using only his
1160:(PSUC) – attempted to sideline the newly-established
910:. Sánchez Saornil's criticisms of Vázquez's views on
1409:, led by Jaume Balius, who had taken up a personal
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125:
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91:
79:
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989:family. Vázquez grew up in the neighbourhood of
622:Asociación Continental Americana de Trabajadores
3858:Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War
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3410:
3398:
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2513:
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2288:
2204:
2051:
1971:
1943:
1935:
1923:
1903:
1868:
1849:
978:Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez was born in 1909 in
4017:. In Ibarra Aguirregabiria, Alejandra (ed.).
1316:giving a speech on the matter in Valencia on
1296:drives, holding particular contempt for the "
1051:and writing articles for the CNT's newspaper
833:
8:
4080:"Biografía de Mariano R. Vázquez "Marianet""
687:Swedish Anarcho-syndicalist Youth Federation
1413:against him. He was also criticised by the
4163:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo members
3954:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 196–233.
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3226:
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2844:
2067:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1803:form of "Mariano" in the Catalan language.
840:
826:
294:
31:
20:
4173:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France
3927:
3917:
3898:Sierra, María; Pro, Juan (October 2022).
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2768:
2728:
2697:
2685:
2669:
2629:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2529:
2517:
2501:
2485:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2404:
2392:
2372:
2360:
2348:
2300:
2280:
2236:
2220:
2208:
2200:
2156:
2144:
2128:
2116:
2088:
2055:
2043:
1983:
1947:
1907:
1887:
1853:
1591:International Institute of Social History
1369:in June 1937, Vázquez wrote to President
1032:and joined the construction union of the
943:International Institute of Social History
3562:
3550:
3486:
3474:
3462:
3306:
3198:
3182:
3162:
3131:
3115:
3103:
3091:
3079:
3067:
3043:
3015:
2963:
2951:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2820:
2784:
2772:
2756:
2744:
2713:
2701:
2673:
2657:
2645:
2633:
2617:
2605:
2533:
2509:
2505:
2489:
2473:
2408:
2376:
2336:
2324:
2312:
2292:
2284:
2268:
2256:
2252:
2240:
2224:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2160:
2132:
2112:
2100:
2047:
1959:
1939:
1919:
1899:
1544:and of abandoning anarchist principles.
1102:July 1936 military uprising in Barcelona
272:July 1936 military uprising in Barcelona
4085:Cénit: Sociología, ciencia y literatura
3705:The Anarchists in the Spanish Civil War
1815:
1775:
1709:, has been cited by Spanish historians
1565:In February 1939, as the Nationalists'
1280:. Vázquez believed that organisational
1073:. This led to a public debate with the
306:
3422:
3382:
3370:
3358:
3346:
3330:
3318:
3282:
3214:
3202:
3186:
3166:
3150:
3135:
2872:
2852:
2832:
1691:In contrast, while anarchist activist
68: – 10 February 1939
3852:Romero Salvadó, Francisco J. (2013).
3641:
3498:
3446:
2441:
2429:
2380:
945:. He also had a heated exchange with
7:
2808:
1158:Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia
929:, his support for collaboration and
4107:– via Portal Libertario OACA.
4122:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
3735:University of North Carolina Press
1495:Debates on continued collaboration
1449:International Workers' Association
1112:. The Nationalists were beaten in
1034:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
1024:Following the proclamation of the
874:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
667:International Workers' Association
652:Confédération nationale du travail
647:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
203:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
16:Spanish trade unionist (1909-1939)
14:
637:Confédération Générale du Travail
632:Confederacion General del Trabajo
4114:Marianet: Semblanza de un Hombre
4023:University of the Basque Country
3860:. Scarecrow Press. p. 285.
1741:"Mujer: Factor revolucionario" (
1604:and the Marxists' intentions to
1474:By this time, the Nationalists'
807:
795:
783:
314:
249:
223:
3948:(1989). "Spain and the World".
3789:Cañete Quesada, Carmen (2020).
1441:Servicio de Información Militar
1108:, seizing weapons to fight the
4208:Trade unionists from Catalonia
1116:, which became a centre for a
662:Free Workers' Union of Germany
1:
3878:Contemporary European History
3767:Contemporary European History
2508:, pp. 436–439, 451–452;
4168:Deaths by drowning in France
4010:Martín Nieto, Isaac (2012).
3854:"Rodríguez Vázquez, Mariano"
3711:: Janus Publishing Company.
1579:Spanish Libertarian Movement
1210:General Secretary of the CNT
1154:Republican Left of Catalonia
1136:, met the Catalan president
1045:Iberian Anarchist Federation
672:Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund
4112:Muñoz Diez, Manuel (1960).
1824:"Marià Rodríguez i Vázquez"
1358:proportional representation
1190:proportional representation
1001:, which was well known for
937:. After the victory of the
702:Workers Solidarity Alliance
4229:
4178:Politicians from Barcelona
3997:(in Spanish) (82): 13–17.
3905:European History Quarterly
1829:Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana
1400:Campaign for reintegration
1318:International Workers' Day
1092:Rise to the CNT leadership
1007:Spanish anarchist movement
893:Spanish anarchist movement
883:Born into a working-class
60:18 November 1936
4158:Anarchists from Catalonia
3919:10.1177/02656914221097011
3891:10.1017/S0960777309990087
3781:10.1017/S0960777322000285
1788:Marià Rodríguez i Vázquez
1322:collectivisation policies
1194:Francisco Largo Caballero
1041:trade union confederation
914:led her to establish the
868:politician who served as
853:Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez
692:Unione Sindacale Italiana
289:
130:Mariano Rodríguez Vázquez
116:
53:
42:
30:
3986:Gómez, Demetrio (2013).
1646:of the Communist Party.
1621:, having drowned in the
1407:Friends of Durruti Group
1362:Juan Manuel Molina Mateo
1286:Communist Party of Spain
1120:that saw the widespread
951:Communist Party of Spain
697:Union of Russian Workers
381:Workers' self-management
4048:Mela, Pomponio (1937).
3665:. Oakland, California:
1540:and accused Vázquez of
1538:anti-statist principles
1342:Diego Abad de Santillán
1338:Eusebio Rodríguez Salas
1146:government of Catalonia
1096:By the outbreak of the
1026:Second Spanish Republic
974:Early life and activism
956:Vázquez drowned in the
755:Participatory economics
3269:, pp. 1173–1174;
3181:, pp. 1046–1048;
3130:, pp. 1045–1046;
2871:, pp. 1151–1152;
2851:, pp. 1150–1154;
2771:, pp. 1154–1155;
2759:, pp. 208-209n42.
2731:, pp. 1173–1174;
2283:, pp. 1173–1174;
2243:, pp. 121, 201n6.
2203:, pp. 1173–1174;
2046:, pp. 1173–1174;
1787:
1653:. Anarchist historian
1534:coming Europe-wide war
1454:Vázquez also wrote to
1443:(SIM), the Republic's
1304:Conflict and mediation
1223:as editor-in-chief of
725:Collectivist anarchism
371:Prefigurative politics
4203:Spanish Romani people
3760:Brown, Henry (2024).
3659:Ackelsberg, Martha A.
3615:Sierra & Pro 2022
3603:Sierra & Pro 2022
3591:Sierra & Pro 2022
3539:Sierra & Pro 2022
3527:Sierra & Pro 2022
3515:Sierra & Pro 2022
3503:Sierra & Pro 2022
3451:Sierra & Pro 2022
3435:Sierra & Pro 2022
3419:Sierra & Pro 2022
3295:Sierra & Pro 2022
3279:Sierra & Pro 2022
2518:Sierra & Pro 2022
2446:Sierra & Pro 2022
2349:Sierra & Pro 2022
2301:Sierra & Pro 2022
2209:Sierra & Pro 2022
2117:Sierra & Pro 2022
2089:Sierra & Pro 2022
2056:Sierra & Pro 2022
1984:Sierra & Pro 2022
1948:Sierra & Pro 2022
1908:Sierra & Pro 2022
1888:Sierra & Pro 2022
1854:Sierra & Pro 2022
1761:"Army Organization" (
1682:anti-Romani sentiment
1619:La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
1510:minister of education
1164:(CCMA) and bring the
1078:Lucía Sánchez Saornil
1043:. He also joined the
963:anti-Romani sentiment
923:Republican government
908:Lucía Sánchez Saornil
740:Libertarian socialism
677:Solidarity Federation
331:Anti-authoritarianism
167:La Ferté-sous-Jouarre
3701:Alexander, Robert J.
3565:, pp. 813–814;
3517:, pp. 602, 610.
3281:, pp. 598–599;
3185:, pp. 625–626;
3165:, pp. 625–626;
3134:, pp. 623–625;
3042:, pp. 976–978;
2700:, pp. 987–990;
2532:, pp. 922–923;
2512:, pp. 146–147;
2504:, pp. 917–921;
2488:, pp. 445–446;
2407:, pp. 269–270;
2379:, pp. 331–332;
2239:, pp. 868–869;
2223:, pp. 861–862;
2115:, pp. 119–120;
2050:, pp. 117–118;
1942:, pp. 117–118;
1922:, pp. 117–118;
1902:, pp. 117–118;
1747:, 18 September 1935)
1678:Joan Garcia i Oliver
1501:token representation
1386:forcibly disappeared
1294:military recruitment
1134:Joan Garcia i Oliver
1130:Buenaventura Durruti
1126:anarcho-syndicalists
802:Socialism portal
790:Anarchism portal
361:Industrial democracy
4193:Spanish bricklayers
3579:Cañete Quesada 2020
3567:Cañete Quesada 2020
3529:, pp. 600–601.
3505:, pp. 600–602.
3477:, pp. 626–627.
3465:, pp. 625–626.
3453:, pp. 600–601.
3437:, pp. 601–602.
3415:Romero Salvadó 2013
3411:Cañete Quesada 2020
3399:Romero Salvadó 2013
3395:Cañete Quesada 2020
3385:, pp. 234–235.
3373:, pp. 232–233.
3349:, pp. 229–230.
3333:, pp. 229–230.
3297:, pp. 596–597.
3285:, pp. 228–229.
3275:Romero Salvadó 2013
3271:Cañete Quesada 2020
3255:Romero Salvadó 2013
3241:, pp. 187–188.
3217:, pp. 227–228.
3205:, pp. 227–228.
3189:, pp. 226–227.
3169:, pp. 226–227.
3153:, pp. 226–227.
3118:, pp. 647–648.
3094:, pp. 623–624.
3070:, pp. 585–586.
3058:, pp. 976–978.
3046:, pp. 585–586.
2990:, pp. 975–976.
2966:, pp. 580–581.
2939:, pp. 579–580.
2927:, pp. 577–578.
2915:, pp. 576–577.
2891:, pp. 567–568.
2855:, pp. 221–222.
2835:, pp. 220–221.
2733:Romero Salvadó 2013
2688:, pp. 987–988.
2676:, pp. 503–504.
2648:, pp. 527–528.
2636:, pp. 484–485.
2620:, pp. 484–485.
2596:, pp. 973–974.
2584:, pp. 963–964.
2572:, pp. 962–963.
2536:, pp. 457–460.
2520:, pp. 598–599.
2514:Romero Salvadó 2013
2460:, pp. 998–999.
2448:, pp. 598–599.
2395:, pp. 269–270.
2327:, pp. 122–123.
2303:, pp. 598–599.
2297:Romero Salvadó 2013
2289:Cañete Quesada 2020
2211:, pp. 598–601.
2205:Romero Salvadó 2013
2191:, pp. 119–120.
2167:, pp. 119–120.
2119:, pp. 598–599.
2091:, pp. 598–599.
2052:Romero Salvadó 2013
2034:, pp. 128–129.
2010:, pp. 126–127.
1986:, pp. 599–600.
1972:Romero Salvadó 2013
1962:, pp. 117–118.
1944:Romero Salvadó 2013
1936:Cañete Quesada 2020
1924:Romero Salvadó 2013
1904:Romero Salvadó 2013
1869:Cañete Quesada 2020
1850:Romero Salvadó 2013
1686:El eco de los pasos
1567:Catalonia Offensive
1469:José Rodríguez Vega
1278:military discipline
1124:of property by the
1106:Atarazanas barracks
1067:oppression of women
1038:anarcho-syndicalist
1019:matrilineal surname
1015:patrilineal surname
931:military discipline
866:anarcho-syndicalist
814:Politics portal
770:Synthesis anarchism
720:Anarchist communism
682:SAC Syndikalisterna
657:Free Workers' Union
366:Industrial unionism
308:Anarcho-syndicalism
282:Catalonia Offensive
4092:(103): 2749–2752.
4076:Montseny, Federica
3644:, p. 317n106.
2811:, p. 439n140.
1782:Also known by the
1763:Spanish Revolution
1758:, 10 October 1935)
1756:Solidaridad Obrera
1744:Solidaridad Obrera
1696:the CNT's journal
1669:Italian communist
1651:Spanish Revolution
1611:Spanish Revolution
1526:Solidaridad Obrera
1225:Solidaridad Obrera
1144:alliance with the
1082:Solidaridad Obrera
1075:anarchist feminist
1063:Solidaridad Obrera
1054:Solidaridad Obrera
999:children's shelter
939:Nationalist forces
904:anarchist feminism
898:Solidaridad Obrera
25:Mariano R. Vázquez
4183:Romani anarchists
3867:978-0-8108-8009-2
3810:10.3828/rs.2020.2
3632:, p. 260n27.
3581:, pp. 25–26.
3569:, pp. 25–26.
1693:Federica Montseny
1671:Palmiro Togliatti
1354:counterrevolution
1310:Federica Montseny
1118:social revolution
1098:Spanish Civil War
1071:gender inequality
1009:, who became his
993:, in Barcelona's
902:where he debated
878:Spanish Civil War
876:(CNT) during the
870:General Secretary
850:
849:
730:Council communism
419:Solidarity action
409:Industrial action
293:
292:
267:Spanish Civil War
164:(aged 29–30)
4220:
4133:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4071:
4044:
4032:978-849860-636-2
4016:
4006:
3992:
3973:
3941:
3931:
3921:
3894:
3871:
3848:
3827:Casanova, Julian
3822:
3812:
3785:
3783:
3756:
3727:Bolloten, Burnet
3722:
3696:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3542:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3444:
3438:
3432:
3426:
3408:
3402:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3264:
3258:
3253:, p. 1076;
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3196:
3190:
3176:
3170:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3139:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3101:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3009:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2882:
2876:
2862:
2856:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2726:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2667:
2661:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2527:
2521:
2499:
2493:
2483:
2477:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2412:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2250:
2244:
2234:
2228:
2218:
2212:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2126:
2120:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1933:
1927:
1917:
1911:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1872:
1866:
1857:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1820:
1804:
1797:
1791:
1780:
1750:"Avance: Por la
1730:
1719:
1667:
1659:Juan Gómez Casas
1640:Burnett Bolloten
1484:Indalecio Prieto
1476:Aragon Offensive
1423:
1248:
1237:
1229:Liberto Callejas
1222:
1179:
1128:. Vázquez, with
1122:collectivisation
1049:anarchist theory
1003:abusing children
842:
835:
828:
812:
811:
800:
799:
788:
787:
786:
627:Awareness League
376:Workers' control
318:
295:
257:Spanish Republic
255:
253:
252:
240:Military service
227:
163:
140:
138:
121:Personal details
107:Germinal Esgleas
101:Esteve Pallarols
94:
82:
75:
73:
67:
65:
58:
35:
21:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4111:
4102:
4100:
4074:
4047:
4033:
4014:
4009:
3990:
3985:
3981:
3979:Further reading
3976:
3962:
3944:
3897:
3874:
3868:
3851:
3845:
3825:
3788:
3759:
3745:
3725:
3719:
3699:
3677:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3636:
3630:Ackelsberg 2005
3628:
3621:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3545:
3537:
3533:
3525:
3521:
3513:
3509:
3501:, p. 317;
3497:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3469:
3461:
3457:
3449:, p. 317;
3445:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3421:, p. 597;
3417:, p. 285;
3409:
3405:
3393:
3389:
3381:
3377:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3345:, p. 113;
3343:Ackelsberg 2005
3341:
3337:
3329:
3325:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3277:, p. 285;
3265:
3261:
3249:
3245:
3239:Ackelsberg 2005
3237:
3233:
3227:Ackelsberg 2005
3225:
3221:
3213:
3209:
3201:, p. 625;
3197:
3193:
3177:
3173:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3142:
3126:
3122:
3114:
3110:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3054:
3050:
3038:
3034:
3026:
3022:
3014:, p. 976;
3010:
3006:
2998:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2887:, p. 975;
2883:
2879:
2867:, p. 113;
2865:Ackelsberg 2005
2863:
2859:
2847:, p. 113;
2845:Ackelsberg 2005
2843:
2839:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2708:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2672:, p. 987;
2668:
2664:
2656:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2632:, p. 974;
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2544:
2540:
2528:
2524:
2516:, p. 285;
2500:
2496:
2484:
2480:
2472:, p. 445;
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:, p. 317;
2440:
2436:
2428:
2415:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2387:
2375:, p. 269;
2371:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2299:, p. 285;
2295:, p. 122;
2287:, p. 207;
2279:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2255:, p. 207;
2251:
2247:
2235:
2231:
2219:
2215:
2207:, p. 285;
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:, p. 401;
2159:, p. 751;
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2131:, p. 751;
2127:
2123:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2074:
2068:Ackelsberg 2005
2066:
2062:
2054:, p. 285;
2042:
2038:
2032:Ackelsberg 2005
2030:
2026:
2020:Ackelsberg 2005
2018:
2014:
2008:Ackelsberg 2005
2006:
2002:
1996:Ackelsberg 2005
1994:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:, p. 285;
1934:
1930:
1918:
1914:
1906:, p. 285;
1898:
1894:
1886:
1875:
1867:
1860:
1852:, p. 285;
1848:
1837:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1798:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1765:, 9 April 1937)
1738:
1724:
1713:
1661:
1631:
1587:Lázaro Cárdenas
1563:
1561:Exile and death
1497:
1417:
1402:
1380:and its leader
1367:fall of Euskadi
1306:
1242:
1231:
1216:
1202:siege of Madrid
1173:
1094:
976:
971:
912:gender equality
846:
806:
794:
784:
782:
775:
774:
715:
707:
706:
617:
609:
608:
449:
441:
440:
394:
386:
385:
341:Anti-militarism
336:Anti-capitalism
326:
250:
248:
199:Political party
165:
161:
141:
136:
134:
132:
131:
112:
92:
80:
71:
69:
63:
61:
59:
54:
38:
37:Vázquez in 1936
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4226:
4224:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4109:
4088:(in Spanish).
4072:
4058:(in Spanish).
4045:
4031:
4021:(in Spanish).
4007:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3960:
3942:
3912:(4): 593–612.
3895:
3885:(4): 419–441.
3872:
3866:
3849:
3843:
3823:
3796:Romani Studies
3786:
3774:(1): 305–322.
3757:
3743:
3723:
3717:
3697:
3675:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3634:
3619:
3617:, p. 610.
3607:
3605:, p. 599.
3595:
3593:, p. 596.
3583:
3571:
3555:
3553:, p. 626.
3543:
3541:, p. 602.
3531:
3519:
3507:
3491:
3489:, p. 627.
3479:
3467:
3455:
3439:
3427:
3425:, p. 235.
3413:, p. 25;
3403:
3401:, p. 285.
3397:, p. 25;
3387:
3375:
3363:
3361:, p. 232.
3351:
3335:
3323:
3321:, p. 229.
3311:
3309:, p. 648.
3299:
3287:
3273:, p. 25;
3267:Alexander 1999
3259:
3257:, p. 285.
3251:Alexander 1999
3243:
3231:
3229:, p. 187.
3219:
3207:
3191:
3179:Alexander 1999
3171:
3155:
3140:
3138:, p. 226.
3128:Alexander 1999
3120:
3108:
3106:, p. 647.
3096:
3084:
3082:, p. 623.
3072:
3060:
3056:Alexander 1999
3048:
3040:Alexander 1999
3032:
3030:, p. 978.
3028:Alexander 1999
3020:
3018:, p. 585.
3012:Alexander 1999
3004:
3002:, p. 976.
3000:Alexander 1999
2992:
2988:Alexander 1999
2980:
2978:, p. 975.
2976:Alexander 1999
2968:
2956:
2954:, p. 580.
2941:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2903:, p. 568.
2893:
2885:Alexander 1999
2877:
2875:, p. 223.
2869:Alexander 1999
2857:
2849:Alexander 1999
2837:
2825:
2823:, p. 499.
2813:
2801:
2799:, p. 322.
2797:Alexander 1999
2789:
2787:, p. 152.
2777:
2775:, p. 152.
2769:Alexander 1999
2761:
2749:
2747:, p. 145.
2737:
2735:, p. 285.
2729:Alexander 1999
2718:
2716:, p. 504.
2706:
2704:, p. 504.
2698:Alexander 1999
2690:
2686:Alexander 1999
2678:
2670:Alexander 1999
2662:
2660:, p. 150.
2650:
2638:
2630:Alexander 1999
2622:
2610:
2608:, p. 484.
2598:
2594:Alexander 1999
2586:
2582:Alexander 1999
2574:
2570:Alexander 1999
2562:
2560:, p. 943.
2558:Alexander 1999
2550:
2548:, p. 941.
2546:Alexander 1999
2538:
2530:Alexander 1999
2522:
2502:Alexander 1999
2494:
2492:, p. 241.
2486:Alexander 1999
2478:
2476:, p. 241.
2470:Alexander 1999
2462:
2458:Alexander 1999
2450:
2434:
2432:, p. 317.
2413:
2411:, p. 332.
2405:Alexander 1999
2397:
2393:Alexander 1999
2385:
2383:, p. 317.
2373:Alexander 1999
2365:
2363:, p. 236.
2361:Alexander 1999
2353:
2351:, p. 601.
2341:
2339:, p. 123.
2329:
2317:
2315:, p. 122.
2305:
2291:, p. 25;
2281:Alexander 1999
2273:
2271:, p. 207.
2261:
2259:, p. 122.
2245:
2237:Alexander 1999
2229:
2227:, p. 118.
2221:Alexander 1999
2213:
2201:Alexander 1999
2193:
2181:
2179:, p. 401.
2169:
2157:Alexander 1999
2149:
2147:, p. 751.
2145:Alexander 1999
2137:
2135:, p. 401.
2129:Alexander 1999
2121:
2105:
2103:, p. 390.
2093:
2072:
2060:
2058:, p. 598.
2044:Alexander 1999
2036:
2024:
2022:, p. 128.
2012:
2000:
1998:, p. 126.
1988:
1976:
1974:, p. 285.
1964:
1952:
1950:, p. 598.
1938:, p. 25;
1928:
1926:, p. 285.
1912:
1910:, p. 598.
1892:
1890:, p. 598.
1873:
1858:
1856:, p. 598.
1835:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1792:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1754:de la mujer” (
1748:
1737:
1736:Selected works
1734:
1630:
1627:
1562:
1559:
1506:Segundo Blanco
1496:
1493:
1430:Helmut Rüdiger
1401:
1398:
1305:
1302:
1262:militarisation
1254:Durruti Column
1214:Jacinto Toryho
1206:Horacio Prieto
1181:public order.
1171:Joan Casanovas
1138:Lluis Companys
1093:
1090:
1086:Mujeres Libres
995:Sants-Montjuïc
975:
972:
970:
967:
918:organisation.
916:Mujeres Libres
848:
847:
845:
844:
837:
830:
822:
819:
818:
817:
816:
804:
792:
777:
776:
773:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
716:
714:Related topics
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
607:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
436:Trade unionism
433:
432:
431:
429:General strike
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
384:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
351:Class conflict
348:
343:
338:
333:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
311:
310:
304:
303:
291:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
279:
274:
264:
260:
259:
246:
242:
241:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
221:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
171:Seine-et-Marne
158:
154:
153:
129:
127:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
113:
111:
110:
104:
97:
95:
89:
88:
86:Horacio Prieto
83:
77:
76:
51:
50:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4225:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4110:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4034:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3995:O Tchatchipen
3989:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3961:0-8070-7004-1
3957:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3946:Wexler, Alice
3943:
3939:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3873:
3869:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3844:0-203-02280-7
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3744:0-8078-1906-9
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3718:1-85756-412-X
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3676:1-902593-96-0
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3643:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3563:Bolloten 1991
3559:
3556:
3552:
3551:Bolloten 1991
3547:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3487:Bolloten 1991
3483:
3480:
3476:
3475:Bolloten 1991
3471:
3468:
3464:
3463:Bolloten 1991
3459:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3307:Bolloten 1991
3303:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3199:Bolloten 1991
3195:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3183:Bolloten 1991
3180:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3163:Bolloten 1991
3159:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3132:Bolloten 1991
3129:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3116:Bolloten 1991
3112:
3109:
3105:
3104:Bolloten 1991
3100:
3097:
3093:
3092:Bolloten 1991
3088:
3085:
3081:
3080:Bolloten 1991
3076:
3073:
3069:
3068:Bolloten 1991
3064:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3044:Bolloten 1991
3041:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3016:Bolloten 1991
3013:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2964:Bolloten 1991
2960:
2957:
2953:
2952:Bolloten 1991
2948:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2937:Bolloten 1991
2933:
2930:
2926:
2925:Bolloten 1991
2921:
2918:
2914:
2913:Bolloten 1991
2909:
2906:
2902:
2901:Bolloten 1991
2897:
2894:
2890:
2889:Bolloten 1991
2886:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2821:Bolloten 1991
2817:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2785:Casanova 2004
2781:
2778:
2774:
2773:Casanova 2004
2770:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2757:Casanova 2004
2753:
2750:
2746:
2745:Casanova 2004
2741:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2714:Bolloten 1991
2710:
2707:
2703:
2702:Bolloten 1991
2699:
2694:
2691:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2674:Bolloten 1991
2671:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2658:Casanova 2004
2654:
2651:
2647:
2646:Bolloten 1991
2642:
2639:
2635:
2634:Bolloten 1991
2631:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2618:Bolloten 1991
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:Bolloten 1991
2602:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:Bolloten 1991
2531:
2526:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:Casanova 2004
2507:
2506:Bolloten 1991
2503:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2490:Bolloten 1991
2487:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2474:Bolloten 1991
2471:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2409:Bolloten 1991
2406:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2377:Bolloten 1991
2374:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2357:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2337:Casanova 2004
2333:
2330:
2326:
2325:Casanova 2004
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:Casanova 2004
2309:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2293:Casanova 2004
2290:
2286:
2285:Bolloten 1991
2282:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2269:Bolloten 1991
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:Casanova 2004
2254:
2253:Bolloten 1991
2249:
2246:
2242:
2241:Casanova 2004
2238:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2225:Casanova 2004
2222:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2189:Casanova 2004
2185:
2182:
2178:
2177:Bolloten 1991
2173:
2170:
2166:
2165:Casanova 2004
2162:
2161:Bolloten 1991
2158:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2133:Bolloten 1991
2130:
2125:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2113:Casanova 2004
2109:
2106:
2102:
2101:Bolloten 1991
2097:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2070:, p. 92.
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:Casanova 2004
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:Casanova 2004
1956:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:Casanova 2004
1937:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:Casanova 2004
1916:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:Casanova 2004
1896:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1871:, p. 25.
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1832:(in Catalan).
1831:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1722:Juan Profundo
1717:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1656:
1655:Josep Peirats
1652:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1602:socialisation
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1521:
1519:
1518:Popular Front
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:demonstration
1477:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1460:Pedro Herrera
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:secret police
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:Josep Peirats
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:. During the
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1274:authoritarian
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1235:
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3994:
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3929:10261/280207
3909:
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3803:(1): 15–47.
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2015:
2003:
1991:
1979:
1967:
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1931:
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1827:
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1751:
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1711:María Sierra
1707:Helios Gómez
1704:
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1599:
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1498:
1473:
1465:
1456:Emma Goldman
1453:
1434:
1415:Ramón Liarte
1403:
1375:
1371:Manuel Azaña
1346:
1307:
1297:
1269:
1266:CNT militias
1251:
1240:Jaume Balius
1227:, replacing
1224:
1183:
1142:anti-fascist
1110:Nationalists
1095:
1081:
1062:
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1023:
977:
955:
947:Emma Goldman
925:. After the
920:
896:
882:
857:
856:
852:
851:
750:Neozapatismo
263:Battles/wars
162:(1939-06-18)
160:18 June 1939
93:Succeeded by
55:
18:
4213:Calé people
4153:1939 deaths
4148:1909 births
4118:Mexico City
4062:(5480): 4.
4055:La Libertad
3423:Wexler 1989
3383:Wexler 1989
3371:Wexler 1989
3359:Wexler 1989
3347:Wexler 1989
3331:Wexler 1989
3319:Wexler 1989
3283:Wexler 1989
3215:Wexler 1989
3203:Wexler 1989
3187:Wexler 1989
3167:Wexler 1989
3151:Wexler 1989
3136:Wexler 1989
2873:Wexler 1989
2853:Wexler 1989
2833:Wexler 1989
1725: [
1714: [
1662: [
1623:Marne river
1542:opportunism
1418: [
1394:Trotskyists
1350:Juan Negrín
1258:Málaga fell
1243: [
1232: [
1217: [
1174: [
1166:Civil Guard
1021:"Vázquez".
991:Hostafrancs
958:Marne river
935:Juan Negrín
765:Sorelianism
760:Platformism
554:Petrichenko
539:Novomirskii
189:Nationality
181:Citizenship
81:Preceded by
4142:Categories
3685:2003113040
3642:Brown 2024
3499:Brown 2024
3447:Brown 2024
2442:Brown 2024
2430:Brown 2024
2381:Brown 2024
1811:References
1801:diminutive
1644:party line
1606:Bolshevise
1390:Stalinists
1382:Andreu Nin
1314:Joan Peiró
1282:discipline
1156:(ERC) and
1036:(CNT), an
1030:bricklayer
887:family in
735:De Leonism
544:Pelloutier
509:Mainwaring
356:Federalism
245:Allegiance
214:Bricklayer
210:Profession
109:(in exile)
103:(in Spain)
72:1939-02-10
64:1936-11-18
4130:807004505
4103:27 August
4098:0754-0566
4068:2488-3689
4041:932813158
4003:1133-6420
3938:0265-6914
3835:Routledge
3829:(2004) .
3819:1528-0748
3661:(2005) .
2809:Ruiz 2009
1752:elevación
1595:Amsterdam
1488:armistice
1334:ceasefire
1298:señoritos
1290:rearguard
1114:Catalonia
980:Barcelona
969:Biography
889:Barcelona
745:Mutualism
574:Santillán
459:Ascaso J.
454:Ascaso F.
220:Signature
147:Catalonia
143:Barcelona
56:In office
4078:(1959).
3970:88-43317
3753:89-77911
3729:(1991).
3703:(1999).
3693:63382446
3667:AK Press
1411:vendetta
1330:May Days
1270:Nosotros
1198:Valencia
927:May Days
861:, was a
858:Marianet
579:Schapiro
514:Maksimov
489:Gröndahl
414:Sabotage
393:Practice
300:a series
298:Part of
277:May Days
235:Marianet
232:Nickname
1784:Catalan
1636:purists
1508:as his
1264:of the
872:of the
863:Catalan
604:Yarchuk
569:Rüdiger
549:Pestaña
519:Meltzer
479:Dolgoff
474:Chomsky
464:Besnard
399:Boycott
193:Catalan
184:Spanish
135: (
70: (
62: (
4128:
4096:
4066:
4039:
4029:
4001:
3968:
3958:
3936:
3864:
3841:
3817:
3751:
3741:
3715:
3709:London
3691:
3683:
3673:
1629:Legacy
1583:Mexico
1571:France
1554:London
1514:health
1437:credit
1326:Toledo
1186:Madrid
599:Witkop
594:Souchy
564:Rocker
559:Pouget
534:Gandía
524:Orobón
504:Köster
448:People
325:Theory
254:
175:France
4015:(PDF)
3991:(PDF)
1770:Notes
1729:]
1718:]
1699:Cénit
1666:]
1575:Paris
1573:. In
1422:]
1247:]
1236:]
1221:]
1178:]
982:to a
906:with
584:Seguí
529:Peiró
499:Kater
494:Leval
469:Camus
205:(CNT)
151:Spain
4126:OCLC
4105:2017
4094:ISSN
4064:ISSN
4037:OCLC
4027:ISBN
3999:ISSN
3966:LCCN
3956:ISBN
3934:ISSN
3862:ISBN
3839:ISBN
3815:ISSN
3749:LCCN
3739:ISBN
3713:ISBN
3689:OCLC
3681:LCCN
3671:ISBN
1799:The
1720:and
1550:POUM
1512:and
1424:and
1392:and
1384:was
1378:POUM
1312:and
1132:and
987:Calé
885:Calé
589:Soto
157:Died
137:1909
133:1909
126:Born
4060:XIX
3924:hdl
3914:doi
3887:doi
3805:doi
3776:doi
1593:in
4144::
4124:.
4120::
4116:.
4082:.
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3793:.
3772:33
3770:.
3764:.
3747:.
3737:.
3733:.
3707:.
3687:.
3679:.
3669:.
3622:^
3143:^
2944:^
2721:^
2416:^
2075:^
1876:^
1861:^
1838:^
1826:.
1786::
1727:es
1716:es
1664:es
1597:.
1420:es
1245:ca
1234:es
1219:es
1176:ca
1088:.
880:.
302:on
173:,
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149:,
145:,
4132:.
4090:9
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3695:.
1790:.
1634:"
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139:)
74:)
66:)
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