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426:, Charles IV's eldest unmarried daughter. She was fifteen years old at the time and of a timid and melancholic nature. Louis, who was equally shy and reserved, preferred her younger sister, Maria Luisa, who although only twelve, was of a more cheerful disposition and somewhat better looking. All four daughters of Charles IV were short and plain, but Maria Luisa was clever, lively and amusing. She had dark curly hair, brown eyes and a Grecian nose. Although not beautiful, her face was expressive and her character lively. She was generous, kindhearted and devout. Both infantas were favorably impressed by the Prince of Parma, a tall and handsome young man, and when he ultimately chose the younger sister, Queen Maria Luisa readily agreed to the change of bride.
676:, Maria Luisa under difficulties gave birth to her daughter Maria Luisa Carlota (named after Maria Luisa's older deceased sister). At first, doctors thought that both mother and daughter would not survive. The couple also found out that they arrived too late for the wedding. Maria Luisa, still very ill, waited three days on the ship to recover before she went ashore in Barcelona, where her parents were waiting for her. One week after they arrival they got news that Louis's father, Ferdinand, had died. Ill and unhappy, Louis wanted to return as soon as possible to his Italian states, but Charles IV and Maria Luisa insisted to take them to the court in
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adorned with flowers or a diadem, and wearing a dress, the train of which swept up the sand of the walk: often also carrying in her arms one of her children.., by night the toilet of her
Majesty was somewhat disarranged. She was far from pretty, and her manner were not suited to her rank. But, which fully atoned for all of this, she was good-tempered, much loved by those in her service, and scrupulous in fulfilling the duties of wife and mother. In consequence, the First Consul, who made a great point of domestic virtue, professed for her the highest esteem."
454:. The marriage between the two different personalities turned out to be happy, though it was clouded by Louis' ill health: He was frail, suffering chest problems, and since a childhood accident when he hit his head on a marble table, had epileptic seizures. As the years went on his health deteriorated and he grew to be increasingly dependent on his wife. The young couple remained in Spain during the early years of their marriage, which were to be the happiest period of their lives. In early 1796, the couple traveled through
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727:, he said. She was accused of not enforcing the English blockade in Etruria. Increasing Maria Luisa's isolation, Napoleon replaced the French ambassador to Etruria, the Marchaise de Beauharnais, with the less congenial, Count Hector d'Aubusson de la Feuillade, the Empress Josephine's chamberlain. On 23 November 1807, while Maria Luisa was staying at Castello, her country residence, the French minister came to inform her that Spain had ceded Etruria to France and ordered her to leave
358:. Napoleon called the remaining members of the Spanish royal family to France and at their departure on 2 May 1808, the citizens of Madrid rose up against the French occupation. In France, Maria Luisa was reunited in exile with her parents. She was the only member of the Spanish royal family to oppose Napoleon directly. After her secret plan to escape was discovered, Maria Luisa was separated from her son and placed with her daughter as prisoners in a Roman convent.
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922:, but her letters were intercepted and her two accomplices executed. Maria Luisa was arrested on 26 July and condemned to be imprisoned in a convent in Rome, while her nine-year-old son was to remain in the care of his grandfather Charles IV. Maria Luisa's pension was reduced to 2500 francs; all her jewels and valuables were taken away. She was imprisoned in the convent of
378:. As a consolation, she was allowed to retain the honours of a queen. Initially reluctant to accept this accord, Maria Luisa did not take the government of Lucca until December 1817. As a reigning duchess of Lucca, she disregarded the constitution imposed by the Congress of Vienna. While spending time in her palace in Rome, she died of cancer at the age of 41.
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668:, and of her youngest sister, Maria Isabel, with Francis I of Naples. With Etruria's financial and economic difficulties, Louis' health failing and Maria Luisa in an early state of pregnancy, going abroad was clearly not expedient, but under the pressure of her father and wanted to see her family, they started the journey to her native country.
1106:, completely redecorating the building into its present form, making the Palazzo one of the finest in Italy. Maria Luisa, a religious woman, favored the clergy. In her small state, seventeen new convents were founded in the six years of her reign. Among the projects she accomplished were the building of a new aqueduct and the development of
1102:, who had ruled Lucca from 1805 to 1814 and who nominally succeeded Maria Luisa in Tuscany in 1808. As duchess, she promoted public works and culture in the spirit of enlightenment and during her government the sciences flourished. Between 1817 and 1820, she ordered the complete renewal of the inner decorations of the
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Politically, Maria Luisa disregarded the constitution imposed on her by the congress of Vienna and governed Lucca in an absolutist fashion, though her government was not very reactionary and oppressive. When the
Spanish liberals imposed a constitution on her brother, King Ferdinand VII, she opened up
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During her four-year regency, Maria Luisa took on the government of
Etruria with the help of her ministers Count Fossombroni and Jean Garbiel Eynard (1775-1863). With them, Maria Luisa reorganized the tax system, created taxable manufactures like tobacco and porcelain companies and increased the size
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In the recollections of
Napoleon's valet, Maria Luisa left a more favorable impression than her husband: "The Queen of Etruria was, in the opinion of the First Consul, more sagacious and prudent than her husband.. dressed herself in the morning for the whole day, and walked in the gardens, her head
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On 19 June 1812, she was allowed to see her family. In an emotional meeting, Maria Luisa threw herself into her mother's arms, kissed her son with frenzy and her father hugged them all in a general embrace. After this, Maria Luisa was allowed to see her parents and her son once a month but only for
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At that time, Maria Luisa had become unpopular. The intervention in
Etruria had been very costly to Spain and Maria Luisa secret dealing with Murat had been seen as going against the interest of her native country. She was considered in Spain as a foreign Princess aiming at gaining a throne for her
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Maria Luisa and Louis were both full of good intentions but they were received with hostility by the population and the nobility that missed the popular Grand Duke and saw them as just mere tools in the hands of the French. Etruria's finances were in deplorable state; the country was ruined by war,
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On her part, the
Infanta did not enjoy her visit to Paris. Ill most of the time, she had a fever, often had to stay in bed and only reluctantly took part in the diversions on her honor. She was anxious about the health of her husband, who depended on her for everything. One day, as Louis got out of
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Maria Luisa stubbornly rejected this compromise for more than two years. During this time, she lived with her children in a Roman palace. Family relationships became strained: her parents and her brother
Ferdinand VII wanted to marry Maria Luisa's daughter, Maria Luisa Carlota, then fourteen years
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on 18 June. She was plagued by frequent sickness and shortage of money and, not owning any horses, was forced to walk wherever she needed to go. When at last
Napoleon sent 12,000 francs as the promised compensation, the expenses of her trip to France were discounted. She wrote a letter of protest,
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I was for two years and a half in that monastery and one year without seeing or talking to anybody. I was not allowed to write or receive news not even from my own son. I had been in the convent for eleven months already when my parents came with my son to Rome on 16 June 1812. I was hoping to be
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at the time of the Mutiny of
Aranjuez, and was not fit to travel. Her son was also sick and she stayed behind with her children, her uncle Antonio and her younger brother Francisco de Paula. However, Napoleon insisted on all relatives of the King to leave Spain and called them to France. At their
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for them. But the King and Queen of
Etruria did not have an auspicious start in their new life. Maria Luisa suffered a miscarriage, while her frail husband's health deteriorated further, fits of epilepsy becoming more frequent. The Pitti Palace, the residence of the King and Queen, was the former
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Maria Luisa, mostly known as the Queen of Etruria during her lifetime, regained her freedom in 1814 at the fall of Napoleon. In the following years, she continued to live in Rome, hoping to recover her son's former domains. To put forward her case she wrote a book of memoirs, but was disappointed
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on the spot. Her father answered her pleas with discouragement: she yielded and hastily left the kingdom, returning to her family in Spain, leaving Florence on 10 December 1807 with her children, their future uncertain. Napoleon annexed the territory to France and granted the title of "Grand
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Back in Etruria, the illness of her husband was carefully concealed from the population, as Maria Luisa alone was seen in public functions and entertaining at court. For this she was accused of overpowering her husband and being merry in his absence. Louis died on 27 May 1803, aged 30, as a
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dukes. The palace had been practically abandoned after the death of the last Medici and the ousted Grand Duke Ferdinand had taken most of its valuables with him. Short of money, Maria Luisa and her husband were forced to furnish the Pitti Palace borrowing furniture from the local nobility.
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between France and Spain (October 1807) that also had incorporated Etruria to Napoleons' domains. Napoleon had already ordered the invasion of Portugal but his secret aim was ultimately to depose the Spanish royal family and have access to the money remitted from Spanish colonies in
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bad harvest and the cost to have to maintain the unpopular French troops stationed in Etruria, that only much later were replaced by Spanish troops sent by Charles IV. In 1802, Maria Luisa and her husband were invited to Spain to attend the double wedding of her brother
1038:, Maria Luisa's youngest brother. She opposed this plan, considering her brother (eight years older than her young daughter) to be too reckless. She also rejected a proposed plan for her own son to marry Maria Cristina of Naples, a daughter of her sister Maria Isabel.
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where she had an interview with Napoleon. He promised her, as compensation for the loss of Etruria, the throne of a Kingdom of Northern Lusitania (in the North of Portugal), he intended to create after the Franco-Spanish conquest of Portugal. This was part of the
782:, but her intentions were to join her parents in Spain. Crossing the south of France, on 3 February she entered Spain by Barcelona and on the 19th, she joined her family at Aranjuez. She arrived at a court deeply divided and a country in unrest: her brother,
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When Maria Luisa arrived in Lucca, she was already thirty-five years old. Ten years of endless struggles had taken their toll: her youth was gone and she had gained a lot of weight. Nevertheless, she set her sights on a new marriage. She first addressed
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in 1817: upon the death of Marie Louise of Austria, the duchy of Parma would revert "to H.M. the Infanta of Spain Maria Luisa, to the Infante D. Charles Louis her son and his direct male descendants". Maria Luisa became Duchess of Lucca in her own right
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took place. Members of popular classes, soldiers and peasants assaulted Godoy's residence, captured him, and made King Charles depose the prime minister. Two days later, the court forced Charles IV to abdicate and yield the throne to his son, now
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to the idea of accepting a constitution, but the resurgence of Spanish absolutism in 1823 ended her intentions. In 1820, she arranged the wedding of her twenty-year-old son's with Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy, one of the twin daughters of King
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of the army. The Queen regent spent lavishly on educational projects, founding a Higher School of Science, and the Museum of Physics and Natural History of Florence. To ingratiate herself with the Florentine people, she entertained lavishly at
319:, the capital of the new kingdom, in August 1801. During a brief visit to Spain in 1802, Maria Luisa gave birth to her second child. Her husband's reign in Etruria was marred by his ill health. He died in 1803, at the age of 30, following an
933: – which served as a parliamentary Regency after Ferdinand VII was deposed – because she was under Napoleon's control. Her rights were not restored until 1820. The former Queen of Etruria wrote in her Memoirs:
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Louis felt very ill before boarding the ship, waiting for his full recovery delayed their plans for a month. Once at sea, they had a storm for three days. On the second day aboard, 2 October 1802, still in open waters before arriving at
770:, who would have to divorce his wife, but both refused: Lucien was attached to his wife and Maria Luisa considered those nuptials a misalliance, and she would not allow herself to be put in Portugal in the place of her eldest sister,
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and the popular Queen Marie Leczinska. She was given the names Maria Luisa Josefina Antonieta, after an older sister, Maria Luisa Carlota, who had died just four days before Maria Luisa's birth, on 2 July, and her mother.
422:, came to the Spanish court to finish his education. There was an understanding between the two royal families that Louis would marry one of the daughters of Charles IV. It was anticipated that he would marry the
342:, Maria Luisa looked for refuge in exile with her family in Spain. The Spanish court was deeply divided and a month after her arrival the country was thrown into unrest when a popular uprising, known as the
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Maria Luisa, who at the time had been in Spain for barely a month, took her father's side against the party of her brother. She acted as intermediate between the deposed Charles IV and the French general
544:. Maria Luisa, who had never lived away from her own family and was totally inexperienced in political affairs, opposed the plan. One of Napoleon's conditions was that the young couple had to go to
1050:) and was granted the rank and privileges of a queen. Her son, Charles Louis, would succeed her only upon her death and would meantime be styled the Prince of Lucca. Lucca would be annexed to the
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for her son Charles Louis, the new King of Etruria. Only twenty years old when she was widowed, plans for a new wedding were considered: France and Spain wanted to marry her to her first cousin,
862:, was offered a large income. He assured her that she would be much happier without the troubles of government, but Maria Luisa openly protested against the confiscation of her son's dominions.
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833:, ostensibly to act as a mediator. Both kings, afraid of the French power, thought it appropriate to accept the invitation and separately left for France. Maria Luisa was just recovering from
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twenty minutes and under surveillance. Only the fall of Napoleon opened the gates of her prison. On 14 January 1814, after more than four years of captivity, she was freed when the troops of
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481:, the lands they were going to inherit, but the King and Queen were reluctant to allow their departure. They were still in Spain in the spring of 1800 and staying at the Palace in
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had forced both Charles IV and Ferdinand VII to renounce the throne of Spain and in exchange for their renunciation of all claims, were promised a large pension and residence in
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1083:, who was a widower, and also her first cousin, possibly with the idea of securing her position in Lucca and gaining a foothold in Florence. After this failed, she tried
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Ferdinand had been pardoned but with the family's prestige shaken, Napoleon took this opportunity to invade Spain. With the excuse of sending reinforcements to
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they were greeted by Louis' parents, together they went to Parma and Maria Luisa met her husband's two unmarried sisters. They found Louis already speaking
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received them with great attentions, at their arrival in Paris on 24 May. At first, the young couple did not make a good impression. In her memoirs, the
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for their son. During her government in Florence, she tried to gain the support of her subjects, but her administration of Etruria was cut short by
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released immediately after their arrival, but I was wrong, instead of diminishing the rigor of my imprisonment I was put under stricter orders.
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Supporters of Ferdinand spread the story that prime minister Godoy had betrayed Spain to Napoleon. On 18 March a popular uprising known as the
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1118:. The relationship with her son had turned sour and later he complained that his mother had "ruined him physically, morally and financially".
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saying that prisoners were never made to pay for their removal, but she was advised not to send it out. She was promised to retire to the
983:, originally written in Italian but translated to different languages, to put forward her case. When Napoleon returned from his exile at
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departure on 2 May 1808, citizens of Madrid rose up in rebellion against the French occupation, but the revolt was crushed by Murat.
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had been executed. However, pressed also by her family, she did as she was told. On 21 April 1801 the couple and their son left
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1006:, an incompetent man, who did not successfully advance his country's or Maria Luisa's diplomatic goals. The Austrian Minister
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with a foreign accent while Maria Luisa's Italian was often mixed with Spanish words. After three weeks in Parma they entered
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on 13 March 1824 in Rome. Her body was taken to Spain to be buried at the Escorial. A monument to her memory was erected in
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Maria Luisa was only thirteen when she married, and her first child was not born for another four years. Her first son,
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Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
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On 18 March 1812, Maria Luisa and her children were stripped of their rights to the Spanish crown by the
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Though Maria Luisa by then had become fond of Florence, Napoleon had other plans for Italy and Spain:
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On 30 June, after staying in Paris for three weeks, Maria Luisa and her husband, headed south toward
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442:. Maria Luisa is beside her husband with her son in her arms on the right hand side of the painting.
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586:"mixture of shyness and haughtiness which at first gave restraint to her conversation and manners"
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and found her untidy and vulgar. When Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo, they returned to Rome.
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Grief-stricken by the death of her husband, she developed a nervous illness. She had to act as a
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and there receive from him the investiture of their new sovereignty, before taking possession of
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had decided not to restore Parma to the House of Bourbon, but to give it to Napoleon's wife,
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At the Congress of Vienna, Maria Luisa's interests were represented by the Spanish emissary
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I am afraid the Queen is too young and her minister too old to govern the Kingdom of Etruria
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for Louis, heir of Parma. The new kingdom was created out of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
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Maria de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias and Princess Carlos of Bourbon-Two-Sicilies
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Seeking independence from her family, Maria Luisa accepted the solution offered by the
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979:(1814–15) assembled to reorder the European map, she quickly wrote and published the
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Louis was created Infante of Spain and married Maria Luisa on 25 August 1795 at the
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3311:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. pp. 9, 96.
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Maria Luisa's firm intention was to obliterate every trace of the government of
829:. Napoleon, capitalizing on the rivalry between father and son, invited both to
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son. Arriving at Bayonne, Maria Luisa was greeted by her father with the words
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when the family regained possession of Parma. Then the Spanish minister in
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Throughout these years, she spent the summers in Lucca and the winters in
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refused to sign both the Final act of the Congress and the subsequent
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Coins of King Charles Louis and Queen Maria Luisa: 10 lires (1803).
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La Reina de Etruria: Doña Maria Luisa de Borbón Infanta de España
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to the Spanish court with the proposal that would result in the
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María Luisa Josefina Antonieta Vicenta de Borbón y Borbón-Parma
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Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz and Viscountess of La Torre
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Maria de las Mercedes, Princess Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani
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on 22 December 1799. Afterwards, the couple wanted to go to
276:, 6 July 1782 – 13 March 1824) was a Spanish
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Maria Luisa moved with her children and her parents to the
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Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and fall of States and Nations
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for their loss of the Duchy of Parma by creating the new
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Blanca, Archduchess Leopold Salvator of Austria-Tuscany
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María Cristina, Infanta Sebastian of Portugal and Spain
1130:. She went to Rome on 25 October 1823 to her Palace in
402:, Maria Luisa was the third surviving daughter of King
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Statue of Maria Luisa at Piazza Napoleone in Lucca by
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Generations are numbered from the daughter-in-law of
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María de la Paz, Princess Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria
844:"My daughter, our family has forever ceased to reign"
3416:. Pamplona, Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 2000.
2449:(Spanish), pp. 91-97, Thassalia (1st edition 1996);
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but this failed as well. After the assassination of
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Maria Luisa, Queen of Etruria with her two children
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Los desconocidos infantes de Espana: Casa de Borbon
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84:
76:
69:
61:
54:
34:
4447:Burials in the Pantheon of Infantes at El Escorial
3817:María Luisa Carlota, Hereditary Princess of Saxony
3756:María Luisa, Queen of Etruria and Duchess of Lucca
191:Maria Luisa Carlota, Hereditary Princess of Saxony
2989:
2987:
2985:
2932:
2930:
1157:(22 December 1799 – 16 April 1883) married
3355:A Royal Quartette: Maria Luisa, Infanta of Spain
2322:
2320:
2267:
2265:
2263:
991:, moving from one city to another in Italy. The
485:when they were painted with the royal family in
335:, Napoleon incorporated Etruria to his domains.
3954:Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria and Hernani
935:
890:After this, Napoleon gave Spain to his brother
602:
3782:Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier
3751:María Amalia, Infanta Antonio Pascual of Spain
1150:Maria Luisa was survived by her two children:
4031:
3527:
3409:. Paris, Calmann-Levy, 1928. ASIN: B003UAFSSG
2794:
2792:
2778:
2776:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2406:
2404:
513:. In the summer of 1800, he sent his brother
8:
4332:did not have a royal or noble title by birth
4217:Princess Maria Luisa of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
4121:Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg
3245:
3243:
3005:
3003:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2604:
2602:
2600:
967:. Portrait by José Aparicio e Inglada, 1815.
3926:Isabel Alfonsa, Countess Jan Kanty Zamoyski
3916:Infanta Beatriz, Princess of Citivella-Cesi
3894:María Teresa, Princess Ferdinand of Bavaria
2249:
2247:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
1858:Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma
1365:Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma
774:. Napoleon wanted Maria Luisa to settle in
390:Thirteen-year-old Maria Luisa, portrait by
4038:
4024:
4016:
3534:
3520:
3512:
3433:
1221:
1216:Ancestors of Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca
1212:
894:and forced the Royal family into exile in
710:Infante Pedro Carlos of Spain and Portugal
338:After a futile interview with Napoleon in
40:
31:
3704:María Antonia Fernanda, Queen of Sardinia
638:had been sent to Florence to prepare the
4222:Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães
3799:Infanta Josefa Fernanda, Mrs. José Guëll
3787:Isabel Fernanda, Countess Ignaz Gurowski
3699:María Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France
3589:Isabel Clara Eugenia, Duchess of Brabant
3374:Maria Luisa of Spain, Duchess of Lucca.
505:Maria Luisa's life was deeply marked by
311:in exchange for the renunciation of the
288:. In 1795, she married her first cousin
4285:Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium
3921:Infanta María Cristina, Countess Marone
3854:Infanta María Isabel, Countess of Paris
3761:María Isabel, Queen of the Two Sicilies
3730:Isabella, Archduchess Joseph of Austria
2223:
712:, but the marriage never materialized.
584:described Maria Luisa's character as a
400:Palace of San Ildefonso, Segovia, Spain
4248:Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
3793:Infanta Luisa Teresa, Duchess of Sessa
3343:. Barcelona, Plaza & Janés, 1999.
2084:
1964:
1960:
1948:
1837:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1696:
1588:
1468:
1464:
1452:
1344:
1234:
1230:
1226:
874:Maria Luisa of Spain, Queen of Etruria
200:
4253:Princess Margarete of Thurn and Taxis
3872:Maria de las Mercedes, Queen of Spain
2160:
2150:
2146:
2134:
2128:
2118:
2102:
2092:
2088:
2072:
2066:
2056:
2040:
2030:
2026:
2014:
2008:
1998:
1982:
1972:
1968:
1942:
1932:
1915:
1905:
1901:
1889:
1882:
1872:
1855:
1845:
1841:
1825:
1819:
1809:
1792:
1782:
1778:
1766:
1759:
1749:
1732:
1722:
1718:
1690:
1680:
1664:
1654:
1650:
1638:
1632:
1622:
1606:
1596:
1592:
1576:
1570:
1560:
1544:
1534:
1530:
1518:
1512:
1502:
1486:
1476:
1472:
1446:
1436:
1420:
1410:
1406:
1394:
1388:
1378:
1362:
1352:
1348:
1332:
1326:
1316:
1300:
1290:
1286:
1274:
1268:
1258:
1242:
1238:
418:In 1795, Maria Luisa's first cousin,
350:. Napoleon invited father and son to
271:
7:
3849:Infanta Eulalia, Duchess of Galliera
3834:Infanta Isabel, Countess of Girgenti
3811:Amalia, Princess Adalbert of Bavaria
3646:Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
3357:. Brentano's, 1908. ASIN: B07R12B4NQ
1161:Princess of Savoy, daughter of King
1081:Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
688:consequence of an epileptic crisis.
600:described the scene in her memoirs:
307:, a kingdom created from the former
4422:People from the Province of Segovia
3746:Carlota Joaquina, Queen of Portugal
3694:Mariana Victoria, Queen of Portugal
3390:Los desconocidos infantes de España
3251:Los desconocidos infantes de España
3209:Los desconocidos infantes de España
3011:Los desconocidos infantes de España
2724:Los desconocidos infantes de España
2610:Los desconocidos infantes de España
2299:Los desconocidos infantes de España
2286:Los desconocidos infantes de España
2255:Los desconocidos infantes de España
2239:Los desconocidos infantes de España
987:, Maria Luisa and her parents fled
366:(1814–15) compensated her not with
4397:19th-century Spanish women writers
4339:princess of Luxembourg by marriage
3594:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
3551:Generations indicate descent from
3388:Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo.
2445:Mateos Sainz de Medrano, Ricardo.
1547:Christiane Eberhardine of Bayreuth
1085:Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este
732:Duchess of Tuscany" to his sister
25:
4279:Princess Irene of the Netherlands
4263:Princess Maria Francesca of Savoy
4238:Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
4057:Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma
3353:Bearne, Catherine Mary Charlton.
1918:Dorothea Sophie of the Palatinate
1423:Dorothea Sophie of the Palatinate
886:where Maria Luisa was imprisoned.
655:The Family of the King of Etruria
420:Louis, Hereditary Prince of Parma
290:Louis, Hereditary Prince of Parma
3426:Villa-Urrutia, W. R Marques de.
1183:, 18 March 1857) married Prince
1089:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
748:Maria Luisa and her two children
540:was ousted and compensated with
4472:Children of Charles IV of Spain
4313:Annemarie Gualthérie van Weezel
4047:Princesses of Parma by marriage
3725:María Luisa, Holy Roman Empress
3403:Sixtus, Prince of Bourbon-Parma
1193:Frederick Augustus II of Saxony
981:Memoirs of the Queen of Etruria
630:. On 12 August they arrived at
374:, which had been carved out of
4457:People from the Duchy of Lucca
4347:princess of Nassau by marriage
4185:Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy
4007:*title granted by Royal Decree
3970:Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo
3438:Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca
3376:Memoir of the Queen of Etruria
2667:Memoir of the Queen of Etruria
2579:Memoir of the Queen of Etruria
2501:Memoir of the Queen of Etruria
2383:Memoir of the Queen of Etruria
1795:Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria
1693:Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca
1667:Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick
1303:Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria
1201:Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony
536:To make way for the Bourbons,
521:. Napoleon, who had conquered
1:
4169:Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca
3641:María Teresa, Queen of France
3620:María Ana, Holy Roman Empress
3378:. London, John Murray, 1814.
1167:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
1163:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
1116:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
784:Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias
525:, proposed to compensate the
323:crisis. Maria Luisa acted as
4392:19th-century Spanish writers
4258:Princess Margaret of Denmark
3991:Leonor, Princess of Asturias
3573:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
3329:. Barcelona, Planeta, 1994.
1609:Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
501:The Kingdom of Etruria. 1803
438:The family of Charles IV by
4452:Deaths from cancer in Lazio
4437:Princesses of Bourbon-Parma
4412:19th-century women monarchs
4382:18th-century Spanish people
4297:Princess Maria Pia of Savoy
4243:Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset
3412:Smerdou Altoaguirre, Luis.
80:9 June 1815 – 13 March 1824
65:21 March 1801 – 27 May 1803
4488:
4402:19th-century women regents
4387:18th-century Spanish women
3364:. New York, Viking, 2011.
3288:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3275:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3233:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3220:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3194:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3181:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3168:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3155:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3142:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3129:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3116:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3103:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3051:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
3022:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2907:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2894:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2829:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2811:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2735:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2704:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2691:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2678:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2652:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2634:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2621:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2564:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2551:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2525:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2423:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2394:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2368:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2339:Marques de Villa-Urrutia,
2078:
2069:Louise Élisabeth of France
1962:
1954:
1831:
1712:
1708:
1582:
1466:
1458:
1338:
1232:
1228:
825:, who on 23 March entered
568:and traveled incognito to
4353:title lost due to divorce
4328:
4201:Princess Louise of France
4089:Infanta Maria of Portugal
4053:
4004:
3568:María, Holy Roman Empress
3549:
3500:
3491:
3476:
3471:
3436:
2148:
2140:
2112:
2090:
2086:
2050:
2028:
2020:
1992:
1970:
1966:
1926:
1903:
1895:
1866:
1843:
1839:
1803:
1780:
1772:
1743:
1720:
1716:
1674:
1652:
1644:
1616:
1594:
1590:
1554:
1532:
1524:
1496:
1474:
1470:
1430:
1408:
1400:
1372:
1350:
1346:
1310:
1288:
1280:
1252:
1236:
1110:, the port of the Duchy.
918:She planned to escape to
752:The exiled Queen went to
448:Royal Palace of La Granja
208:
199:
186:Charles II, Duke of Parma
39:
1735:Louis, Dauphin of France
1635:Maria Josepha of Austria
1245:Louis, Dauphin of France
902:, but was soon moved to
564:, crossed the border in
538:Grand Duke Ferdinand III
487:The Family of Charles IV
56:Queen consort of Etruria
4417:19th-century memoirists
3839:Infanta María del Pilar
3341:Las Perlas de la Corona
3079:Carlos IV en el exilio
2977:Carlos IV en el exilio
2964:Carlos IV en el exilio
2922:Carlos IV en el exilio
2870:Carlos IV en el exilio
2844:Carlos IV en el exilio
2105:Stanisław I Leszczyński
2043:Marie Adélaïde of Savoy
1985:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
1155:Charles Louis Ferdinand
1028:Treaty of Paris of 1815
1012:Marie Louise of Austria
759:Treaty of Fontainebleau
666:Maria Antonia of Naples
370:, but with the smaller
333:Treaty of Fontainebleau
273:[maˈɾi.aˈlwisa]
123:Palace of San Ildefonso
3866:Infanta María Cristina
3414:Carlos IV en el Exilio
2665:Maria Luisa of Spain,
2577:Maria Luisa of Spain,
2499:Maria Luisa of Spain,
2381:Maria Luisa of Spain,
1573:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1515:Augustus III of Poland
1187:, widower of her aunt
1075:
1052:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1024:Ferdinand VII of Spain
968:
940:
924:Santi Domenico e Sisto
887:
884:Santi Domenico e Sisto
875:
749:
701:
656:
608:
502:
443:
395:
309:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
269:Spanish pronunciation:
210:
91:(as Princess of Lucca)
1822:Philip, Duke of Parma
1489:Augustus II of Poland
1159:Maria Teresa of Savoy
1069:
1016:Alexander I of Russia
958:
881:
873:
805:on 19 February 1808.
747:
699:
654:
634:. The French general
500:
437:
410:, a granddaughter of
389:
48:François-Xavier Fabre
18:Marie-Louise of Spain
4407:19th-century regents
3860:Infanta Maria Amelia
3720:Infanta María Josefa
3610:Ana, Queen of France
3448:Cadet branch of the
1945:Maria Luisa of Parma
1329:Charles III of Spain
1185:Maximilian of Saxony
594:Château de Malmaison
424:Infanta Maria Amalia
408:Maria Luisa of Parma
286:Maria Luisa of Parma
265:Maria Luisa of Spain
247:Maria Luisa of Parma
35:Maria Luisa of Spain
4319:Viktória Cservenyák
4291:Joan Douglas Dillon
4072:Margaret of Austria
3392:. Thassalia, 1996.
3290:La Reina de Etruria
3277:La Reina de Etruria
3235:La Reina de Etruria
3222:La Reina de Etruria
3196:La Reina de Etruria
3183:La Reina de Etruria
3170:La Reina de Etruria
3157:La Reina de Etruria
3144:La Reina de Etruria
3131:La Reina de Etruria
3118:La Reina de Etruria
3105:La Reina de Etruria
3053:La Reina de Etruria
3024:La Reina de Etruria
2909:La Reina de Etruria
2896:La Reina de Etruria
2831:La Reina de Etruria
2813:La Reina de Etruria
2737:La Reina de Etruria
2706:La Reina de Etruria
2693:La Reina de Etruria
2680:La Reina de Etruria
2654:La Reina de Etruria
2636:La Reina de Etruria
2623:La Reina de Etruria
2566:La Reina de Etruria
2553:La Reina de Etruria
2527:La Reina de Etruria
2425:La Reina de Etruria
2396:La Reina de Etruria
2370:La Reina de Etruria
2341:La Reina de Etruria
2163:Katarzyna Opalińska
1449:Charles IV of Spain
1179:, 2 October 1802 –
1093:Charles X of France
1004:Marquis of Labrador
856:Château de Chambord
598:Duchess of Abrantès
582:Duchess of Abrantes
404:Charles IV of Spain
237:Charles IV of Spain
4462:Daughters of kings
4427:Duchesses in Italy
3407:La Reine d'Étrurie
2011:Louis XV of France
1076:
1036:Francisco de Paula
993:Countess de Boigne
977:Congress of Vienna
969:
951:Congress of Vienna
888:
876:
810:Mutiny of Aranjuez
750:
702:
657:
572:under the name of
531:Kingdom of Etruria
519:Treaty of Aranjuez
511:the United Kingdom
507:Napoleon Bonaparte
503:
444:
396:
364:Congress of Vienna
344:Mutiny of Aranjuez
329:Napoleon Bonaparte
315:. They arrived in
301:Treaty of Aranjuez
171:Louis I of Etruria
4359:
4358:
4013:
4012:
3625:Infanta Margarita
3543:Infantas of Spain
3510:
3509:
3501:Succeeded by
3489:
3370:978-0-670-02273-1
3264:A Royal Quartette
3092:A Royal Quartette
3066:A Royal Quartette
3037:A Royal Quartette
2995:A Royal Quartette
2951:A Royal Quartette
2938:A Royal Quartette
2883:A Royal Quartette
2857:A Royal Quartette
2800:Vanished Kingdoms
2784:Vanished Kingdoms
2768:Vanished Kingdoms
2755:Vanished Kingdoms
2592:Vanished Kingdoms
2540:Vanished Kingdoms
2514:A Royal Quartette
2488:A Royal Quartette
2475:A Royal Quartette
2412:Vanished Kingdoms
2354:A Royal Quartette
2328:A Royal Quartette
2312:A Royal Quartette
2273:A Royal Quartette
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2131:Marie Leszczyńska
1885:Elisabeth Farnese
1762:Philip V of Spain
1391:Elisabeth Farnese
1271:Philip V of Spain
1189:Carolina of Parma
1072:Lorenzo Bartolini
909:Palace of Colorno
692:Regent of Etruria
574:Counts of Livorno
440:Francisco de Goya
303:made her husband
262:
261:
257:Roman Catholicism
216:
215:
16:(Redirected from
4479:
4442:Spanish infantas
4432:Regents of Parma
4040:
4033:
4026:
4017:
3975:Infanta Cristina
3536:
3529:
3522:
3513:
3494:Duchess of Lucca
3483:
3477:Preceded by
3467:
3460:
3451:Capetian dynasty
3443:House of Bourbon
3434:
3360:Davies, Norman.
3327:La Familia Rival
3313:
3312:
3299:
3293:
3286:
3280:
3273:
3267:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3238:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3212:
3205:
3199:
3192:
3186:
3179:
3173:
3166:
3160:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3121:
3114:
3108:
3101:
3095:
3088:
3082:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3056:
3049:
3040:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2991:
2980:
2973:
2967:
2960:
2954:
2947:
2941:
2934:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2905:
2899:
2892:
2886:
2879:
2873:
2866:
2860:
2853:
2847:
2840:
2834:
2827:
2816:
2809:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2780:
2771:
2764:
2758:
2751:
2740:
2733:
2727:
2720:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2689:
2683:
2676:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2650:
2639:
2632:
2626:
2619:
2613:
2606:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2510:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2484:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2443:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2379:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2324:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2295:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2258:
2251:
2242:
2235:
1222:
1213:
1203:, Queen of Spain
1197:John I of Saxony
1062:Duchess of Lucca
973:Barberini Palace
892:Joseph Bonaparte
768:Lucien Bonaparte
592:the carriage at
558:Marie Antoinette
527:House of Bourbon
493:Queen of Etruria
382:Infanta of Spain
275:
270:
201:
140:
119:
117:
71:Duchess of Lucca
44:
32:
21:
4487:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4324:
4306:16th generation
4301:
4272:15th generation
4267:
4231:14th generation
4226:
4210:13th generation
4205:
4194:12th generation
4189:
4178:11th generation
4173:
4162:10th generation
4157:
4141:
4125:
4109:
4093:
4077:
4060:
4049:
4044:
4014:
4009:
4000:
3984:16th generation
3979:
3963:15th generation
3958:
3942:14th generation
3937:
3909:13th generation
3904:
3882:12th generation
3877:
3827:11th generation
3822:
3777:Queen Isabel II
3770:10th generation
3765:
3734:
3708:
3682:
3666:
3650:
3629:
3598:
3577:
3556:
3545:
3540:
3506:
3497:
3482:
3480:Elisa Bonaparte
3461:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3439:
3339:Balansó, Juan.
3325:Balansó, Juan.
3322:
3317:
3316:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3287:
3283:
3274:
3270:
3261:
3257:
3248:
3241:
3232:
3228:
3219:
3215:
3206:
3202:
3193:
3189:
3180:
3176:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3150:
3141:
3137:
3128:
3124:
3115:
3111:
3102:
3098:
3089:
3085:
3076:
3072:
3063:
3059:
3050:
3043:
3034:
3030:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3001:
2992:
2983:
2974:
2970:
2961:
2957:
2948:
2944:
2935:
2928:
2919:
2915:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2876:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2850:
2841:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2806:
2797:
2790:
2781:
2774:
2765:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2677:
2673:
2664:
2660:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2629:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2585:
2576:
2572:
2563:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2533:
2524:
2520:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2481:
2472:
2468:
2444:
2431:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2389:
2380:
2376:
2367:
2360:
2351:
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2338:
2334:
2325:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2296:
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2283:
2279:
2270:
2261:
2252:
2245:
2236:
2225:
2220:
2215:
1210:
1148:
1124:
1100:Elisa Bonaparte
1064:
1043:treaty of Paris
953:
931:Cortes of Cádiz
868:
831:Bayonne, France
742:
694:
495:
462:all the way to
452:Infante Antonio
432:
384:
305:King of Etruria
282:King Charles IV
268:
195:
162:
142:
138:
121:
115:
113:
89:Elisa Bonaparte
50:
28:
27:Spanish infanta
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4485:
4483:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4364:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4316:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4282:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
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4234:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4146:8th generation
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4130:7th generation
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4114:6th generation
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4098:5th generation
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4082:2nd generation
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4066:
4065:1st generation
4062:
4061:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4020:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
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3896:
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3857:
3851:
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3828:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3739:9th generation
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3713:8th generation
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3687:7th generation
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3671:6th generation
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3655:5th generation
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3634:4th generation
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3606:
3604:
3603:3rd generation
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3582:2nd generation
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3561:1st generation
3558:
3557:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3490:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3472:Regnal titles
3469:
3468:
3447:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3422:978-8431318314
3410:
3400:
3386:
3384:978-1247377858
3372:
3358:
3351:
3349:978-8401540714
3337:
3335:978-8408012474
3321:
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3239:
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2614:
2596:
2583:
2570:
2557:
2544:
2531:
2518:
2505:
2492:
2479:
2466:
2463:978-8482370545
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1209:
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1204:
1170:
1147:
1144:
1132:Piazza Venezia
1123:
1120:
1104:Palazzo Ducale
1063:
1060:
1020:Duchy of Lucca
952:
949:
947:entered Rome.
867:
864:
741:
738:
693:
690:
494:
491:
473:, was born in
431:
428:
392:Agustín Esteve
383:
380:
372:Duchy of Lucca
313:Duchy of Parma
284:and his wife,
280:, daughter of
260:
259:
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141:(aged 41)
135:
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111:
107:
106:
103:
102:
97:
93:
92:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
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37:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4484:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:Queen mothers
4465:
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3996:Infanta Sofía
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3615:Infanta María
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3466:13 March 1824
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2321:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2294:
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2287:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
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2217:
2206:
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2200:
2198:
2196:
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2178:
2176:
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2173:
2170:
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2167:
2164:
2158:
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2154:
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2144:
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2138:
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2132:
2126:
2125:
2122:
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2110:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2096:
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2082:
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2076:
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2064:
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2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1893:
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1835:
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1829:
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1796:
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1604:
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1552:
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1528:
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1522:
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1510:
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1506:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1494:
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1484:
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1462:
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1456:
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1434:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1240:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:Luisa Carlota
1171:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
966:
965:Luisa Carlota
962:
961:Charles Louis
957:
950:
948:
946:
945:Joachim Murat
939:
934:
932:
927:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
905:
901:
897:
896:Fontainebleau
893:
885:
880:
872:
865:
863:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
839:
836:
832:
828:
824:
818:
816:
815:Ferdinand VII
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:the New World
760:
755:
746:
739:
737:
735:
730:
726:
721:
719:
713:
711:
707:
698:
691:
689:
685:
683:
679:
675:
669:
667:
663:
653:
649:
646:
643:house of the
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
607:
606:
601:
599:
595:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
499:
492:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
471:Charles Louis
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
441:
436:
429:
427:
425:
421:
416:
413:
409:
406:and his wife
405:
401:
393:
388:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
348:Ferdinand VII
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
266:
258:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
238:
235:
231:
228:
225:
223:
219:
212:
207:
202:
198:
192:
189:
187:
184:
183:
181:
179:
175:
172:
169:
165:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
137:13 March 1824
136:
132:
128:
124:
112:
108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4331:
4168:
4152:
4136:
4104:
4006:
3755:
3677:
3661:
3492:
3485:
3484:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3441:
3427:
3413:
3406:
3389:
3375:
3361:
3354:
3340:
3326:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3289:
3284:
3276:
3271:
3263:
3258:
3250:
3234:
3229:
3221:
3216:
3208:
3203:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3117:
3112:
3104:
3099:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3018:
3010:
2994:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2812:
2807:
2799:
2783:
2767:
2762:
2754:
2736:
2731:
2723:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2653:
2635:
2630:
2622:
2617:
2609:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2573:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2446:
2424:
2419:
2411:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2377:
2369:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2311:
2306:
2298:
2293:
2285:
2280:
2272:
2254:
2238:
1692:
1149:
1125:
1112:
1097:
1077:
1040:
1032:
1001:
980:
970:
941:
936:
928:
917:
889:
866:Imprisonment
843:
840:
819:
807:
792:
788:Manuel Godoy
751:
724:
722:
718:Pitti Palace
714:
703:
686:
670:
658:
640:Pitti Palace
613:
609:
604:
603:
590:
585:
573:
535:
504:
486:
468:
445:
417:
398:Born at the
397:
360:
337:
299:In 1801 the
298:
296:, was born.
264:
263:
148:Papal States
139:(1824-03-13)
46:Portrait by
29:
4377:1824 deaths
4372:1782 births
3486:as princess
3459:6 July 1782
2846:, p. 63-64.
995:met her in
882:Convent of
460:Extramadura
159:El Escorial
120:6 July 1782
85:Predecessor
4366:Categories
3498:1815–1824
3398:8482370545
3320:References
2953:, p. 3705.
2455:8482370545
2385:, pp. 3–4.
1008:Metternich
116:1782-07-06
4059:, onwards
3504:Charles I
3292:, p. 154.
3279:, p. 153.
3266:, p. 384.
3237:, p. 151.
3224:, p. 148.
3172:, p. 155.
3159:, p. 143.
3146:, p. 133.
3133:, p. 127.
3120:, p. 122.
3107:, p. 121.
3094:, p. 383.
3081:, p. 187.
3077:Smerdou,
3068:, p. 381.
3055:, p. 120.
3039:, p. 379.
3026:, p. 119.
2997:, p. 373.
2979:, p. 134.
2975:Smerdou,
2966:, p. 132.
2962:Smerdou,
2940:, p. 369.
2920:Smerdou,
2911:, p. 115.
2898:, p. 113.
2885:, p. 365.
2868:Smerdou,
2859:, p. 364.
2842:Smerdou,
2833:, p. 106.
2815:, p. 105.
2802:, p. 524.
2786:, p. 523.
2770:, p. 519.
2757:, p. 518.
2594:, p. 516.
2542:, p. 511.
2516:, p. 304.
2490:, p. 303.
2477:, p. 302.
2414:, p. 510.
2356:, p. 299.
2330:, p. 287.
2314:, p. 274.
2275:, p. 286.
1208:Ancestors
1177:Barcelona
1108:Viareggio
904:Compiegne
852:Compiegne
682:Cartagena
674:Barcelona
662:Ferdinand
554:Louis XVI
489:by Goya.
362:when the
321:epileptic
209:Spanish:
100:Charles I
96:Successor
3553:Carlos I
3262:Bearne,
3253:, p. 97.
3249:Mateos,
3211:, p. 96.
3207:Mateos,
3198:, p. 87.
3185:, p. 86.
3090:Bearne,
3064:Bearne,
3035:Bearne,
3013:, p. 95.
3009:Mateos,
2993:Bearne,
2949:Bearne,
2936:Bearne,
2924:, p. 76.
2881:Bearne,
2872:, p. 73.
2855:Bearne,
2798:Davies,
2782:Davies,
2766:Davies,
2753:Davies,
2739:, p. 84.
2726:, p. 94.
2722:Mateos,
2708:, p. 79.
2695:, p. 78.
2682:, p. 74.
2669:, p. 13.
2656:, p. 71.
2638:, p. 70.
2625:, p. 69.
2612:, p. 93.
2608:Mateos,
2590:Davies,
2568:, p. 48.
2555:, p. 43.
2538:Davies,
2529:, p. 36.
2512:Bearne,
2486:Bearne,
2473:Bearne,
2427:, p. 27.
2410:Davies,
2398:, p. 15.
2372:, p. 19.
2352:Bearne,
2343:, p. 18.
2326:Bearne,
2310:Bearne,
2301:, p. 83.
2297:Mateos,
2288:, p. 90.
2284:Mateos,
2271:Bearne,
2257:, p. 92.
2253:Mateos,
2241:, p. 91.
2237:Mateos,
1146:Children
1048:suo jure
1034:old, to
848:Napoleon
803:Aranjuez
729:Florence
632:Florence
620:Piacenza
578:Napoleon
542:Salzburg
483:Aranjuez
464:Portugal
456:Castilla
430:Marriage
412:Louis XV
317:Florence
253:Religion
161:, Madrid
2581:, p. 9.
1165:and of
920:England
835:measles
772:Carlota
628:Etruria
624:Italian
566:Bayonne
550:Etruria
394:, 1795.
376:Tuscany
352:Bayonne
294:Charles
278:infanta
227:Bourbon
129:, Spain
127:Segovia
3462:
3420:
3396:
3382:
3368:
3347:
3333:
2503:, p.6.
2461:
2453:
1920:(= 19)
1860:(= 18)
1797:(= 17)
1737:(= 16)
1199:, and
1136:cancer
827:Madrid
799:Mexico
795:Lisbon
706:regent
678:Madrid
645:Medici
570:France
562:Madrid
515:Lucien
475:Madrid
356:Joseph
325:regent
243:Mother
233:Father
167:Spouse
154:Burial
62:Tenure
4345:also
4337:also
3464:Died:
3457:Born:
3307:[
2218:Notes
1887:(= 9)
1764:(= 8)
1140:Lucca
1122:Death
1056:Turin
997:Genoa
900:Passy
860:Parma
823:Murat
780:Turin
754:Milan
740:Exile
734:Elisa
664:with
636:Murat
618:. In
616:Parma
546:Paris
523:Italy
479:Parma
368:Parma
340:Milan
222:House
204:Names
178:Issue
77:Reign
4153:None
4137:None
4105:None
3678:None
3662:None
3418:ISBN
3394:ISBN
3380:ISBN
3366:ISBN
3345:ISBN
3331:ISBN
2459:ISBN
2451:ISBN
2161:31.
2129:15.
2103:30.
2041:29.
2009:14.
1983:28.
1916:27.
1883:13.
1856:26.
1793:25.
1760:12.
1733:24.
1665:23.
1633:11.
1607:22.
1545:21.
1513:10.
1487:20.
1421:19.
1363:18.
1301:17.
1243:16.
1195:and
1181:Rome
1128:Rome
989:Rome
985:Elba
963:and
913:Lyon
854:and
776:Nice
556:and
144:Rome
134:Died
110:Born
4293:*^¤
2067:7.
1943:3.
1820:6.
1691:1.
1571:5.
1447:2.
1389:9.
1327:4.
1269:8.
778:or
4368::
4287:^¤
3405:.
3242:^
3044:^
3002:^
2984:^
2929:^
2820:^
2791:^
2775:^
2744:^
2713:^
2643:^
2599:^
2432:^
2403:^
2361:^
2319:^
2262:^
2246:^
2226:^
1095:.
1030:.
846:.
790:.
736:.
684:.
588:.
576:.
466:.
458:,
146:,
125:,
4351:#
4343:¤
4335:^
4330:*
4321:*
4315:*
4281:#
4074:*
4039:e
4032:t
4025:v
3934:*
3928:*
3901:*
3874:*
3868:*
3862:*
3856:*
3819:*
3813:*
3807:*
3801:*
3795:*
3789:*
3535:e
3528:t
3521:v
2457:/
1175:(
1169:.
1074:.
1046:(
267:(
118:)
114:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
