808:
establishment of schools. These reforms were implemented thanks to the initiative of his
Minister Mansi during the duke's absence. Charles disappointed his subjects who had hoped for a return to the constitution of 1805 and the hopes of Liberals in his duchy shifted to his only son and heir. He tried to copy in Lucca things he saw made abroad regardless if the conditions in the duchy were favorable. His love for traveling created many difficulties in governing and he often signed decrees according to his state of mind at the moment without any real knowledge of the issues. The actual power rested in his minister Mansi. It was said that while Charles Louis was the Duke, Mansi was king. Aware that Lucca was headed to be annexed by Tuscany, Mansi aligned his policies with those of Florence, which was resented by Charles Louis. However his weakness and his restless character did not allow Charles to escape the oppressive relations of protection and control exerted upon Lucca by the courts of Austria, Tuscany and Modena. He was viewed with suspicion by both
832:
which
Charles Louis took the initiative more, but his court drew adventures from different nationalities and Lucca became a haven for liberals fugitives from other states. Some of them were unscrupulous adventures of dubious reputation. He chose Antonio Mazzarosa, an eminent man, as presidency of the Council of State, but under Austrian pressure, he appointed Fabrizio Ostuni as Foreign Minister representing him at the Austrian court. Ostuni tenure lasted only three years (1840–1843) and coincided with a period of increasing financial distress. The economy of the duchy was in decline since 1830 and deteriorated further with the years. In 1841, the paintings of the Palatine Gallery had to be sold. The irregularities committed by Ostuni were discovered and denounced by Charles Louis' new right-hand man, Thomas Ward.
871:. On 1 September 1847, alarmed at the sight of a crowd that wanted to submit some reforms, he signed a series of concessions. Three days later, under pressure from many citizens, he returned to Lucca, where he was welcomed triumphantly. However he was unable to cope with the pressure and on 9 September he left for Modena. From there, he issued a decree that converted the Council of State in a Council of Regency. On 4 October he abdicated in favor of the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who would in any case have taken the duchy when Charles Louis became Duke of Parma, meanwhile he was to receive a monthly economical compensation. Thomas Ward arranged the premature handover; in a letter Charles told him "I can't describe to you how I feel and what a sacrifice I have made". He left for
867:. The treaty of Florence remained a secret for nearly three years, but once it became known it contributed to Charles Louis growing unpopularity both in Lucca and in Parma. Need for money led the Duke, on the advice of Ward, who became Minister of Finance, to claim tax credits for titles dating back thirty years. All these resulted in general dissatisfaction. A liberal movement began to grow in Lucca where in 1847 there was a series of demonstrations, culminating in July in a full-scale riot. At first Charles Louis tried to assert his authority, but the continuous unrest forced him to take refuge in the Villa of San Martino in
1117:
1126:
1108:
1099:
1090:
31:
582:
988:
904:
faced with the dilemma of whether to accept or refuse the Duchy of Parma. Initially he was tempted to evade the new responsibilities that fell upon his shoulders, but ended up accepting it, so as not to compromise the rights of his son. On 31 December 1847, Charles Louis arrived in Parma and took possession of the throne of his ancestors with the name of
Charles (Carlo) II. The Duchy of Lucca was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, while Parma lost
641:
a wide range of interests, yet his fickle nature drawn him from his early youth to many different branches of knowledge, from medicine to music (he composed sacred music), to foreign languages. He was particularly oriented to humanities. Biblical and liturgical studies captured his interest. His ideology was influenced by the enlightening and romanticism of the period that followed the restoration of the
European peace after the end of the Napoleonic wars.
3040:
797:
892:
402:. He had little interest in ruling. He left the duchy in the hands of his ministers and spent most of his time traveling around Europe. A liberal movement led him to abdicate Lucca in favor of the Grand Duke of Tuscany in October 1847 in exchange for financial compensation, as he wanted to retire to private life. Two months later, in December 1847, at the death of the former
691:
614:
839:. He visited her, but commented that her weak intellect and lack of sensitivity "would enable her to live a century". Charles Louis admired female beauty, but was believed to be homosexual. While in his Duchy, Charles was really little in his capital preferring to stay in the country in Marlia. In 1845 his son married princess
553:
916:
free to follow his own political ideas. He wrote to Ward. "It is better to die than to live like this. During the day, and when I am alone and can weep I weep. But that does not help." He lacked the support of his cousins in Madrid and in Paris, even though he went in 1852 to Spain to recognize his cousin
706:
On 13 March 1824 Charles Louis' mother died and he succeeded her as the Duke of Lucca. Aged twenty-five, he inherited a small but well kept duchy. However he showed a lack of interest in ruling. The turbulent episodes of his early life had affected him badly. In his own words "The stormy nature of my
640:
In
December 1817, weeks before his eighteenth birthday, Charles Louis made his entry in Lucca with his mother. Due to the vicissitudes of the early years of his life he had not received a formal political education, but through self-teaching he acquired a vast knowledge. He was a Renaissance man with
644:
As crown prince, he found himself subjected to continuous monitoring by his mother. Restless as he was, he clashed with his conservative mother who, in her later years, turned increasingly to religion. He also disliked her absolutist form of governing. However, from his mother, he inherited the love
609:
in August 1811. Charles Louis did not share his mother and sister's imprisonment. He was given in custody to his grandfather
Charles IV, the deposed King of Spain. For the next four years, (1811–1815), Charles Louis lived under the care of his grandfather in the household of the exiled Spanish royal
999:
Always short of money, he sold his
Austrian estate of Urschendorff to his friend Thomas Ward. In 1852 he went to Spain to recognize his cousin Isabella II as rightful queen. He began to return to Lucca where its citizen still had some sympathy for their former ruler despite his sale of the city. He
903:
Charles Louis wandered from Modena to his German estates. Released from the burdens of government, he aspired to enjoy life as a free man dedicating his time to travel and study. However he soon received news that Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, was gravely ill. She died on 17 December 1847. He was
560:
After his father's death, Charles Louis, who was only three years old, succeeded him as King
Charles Louis I of Etruria. He was under the regency of his mother Maria Luisa. In 1807, Napoleon dissolved the kingdom and had Charles Louis and his mother brought to France. Charles Louis was promised the
915:
Charles II was coldly received in Parma, a country and people he did not know well. He lacked the character and political acumen to be able to overcome a situation far more complicated than the one he had left behind in the much smaller Duchy of Lucca. Parma was dominated by
Austria and he was not
831:
where he contracted debts. In 1837 he authorized the opening of a casino in Pieve Santo
Stefano. The same year he promoted a reform of the State Council and the Council of Ministers. In 1840, while he was staying in Rome, his minister Ascanio Mansi died. Mansi's death heralded a new period during
573:
between Napoleon and the Spanish Bourbons in 1808. Charles Louis, his mother and sister looked for refuge in Spain, arriving at the court of Charles IV on 19 February 1808. Spain was in unrest, and less than three months after their arrival, all members of the Spanish Royal family were taken to
710:
Charles Louis was initially uninterested in government, preferring to give free rein to his love for traveling. During the first few years of his reign he was largely absent from the duchy, leaving its government to his ministers led by Ascanio Mansi. From 1824 to 1827 Charles Louis traveled
467:. They had married in 1795 when the Hereditary Prince of Parma came to Madrid in search of a wife. The couple remained in Spain for the first years of their married life. It was for this reason that Charles Louis was born in Madrid at his maternal grandfather's court and he was included in
807:
Charles Louis made a number of administrative and financial reforms that were popular. Between 1824 and 1829, some measures were taken relating to duties; to a certain freedom of trade; tax cuts, at the Land Registry. He gave especial encouragement to education and medicine, favoring the
974:
occupied Parma and Piacenza. Charles II hastened to reassert its rights over the Duchy. He took control of the government under Austrian protection. Satisfied with securing the Duchy of Parma for his family, Charles presented his final resignation on 14 March 1849 at Weistropp in
854:
Under pressure by Austria, Charles Louis agreed on some territorial adjustments that were detrimental to his future inheritance in Parma. By the treaty of Florence, on 28 November 1844, between Charles Louis and the dukes of Tuscany and Modena, he had to give up his claim to the
711:
throughout Italy. He visited Rome and the courts of Naples and Modena often, he was less keen in staying with his in laws at the Piedmont Court which he disliked due to its austerity. From 1827 to 1833 he traveled thorough Germany where he owned two castles:
417:
His reign in Parma as Duke Charles II was brief. He was ill-received by his new subjects and within a few months he was ousted by a revolution. He regained control of Parma under the protection of Austrian troops, but finally abdicated in favor of his son
1030:. His wife, Maria Theresa, who lived in complete retirement as a nun in villa San Martino in Lucca died on 16 July 1879. Charles Louis was in Vienna at the time and only in October came to pay respect to her remains. His great granddaughter
789:, a former English jockey, arrived in Lucca and in few years he became Charles Louis' adviser and minister. Charles Louis studied and collected biblical and liturgical texts and was interested in different religious rituals. He had built a
746:
In the early 1830s Charles Louis began to take an increased interest in state affairs. His duchy was not affected by the revolutionary movements that ran across central Italy in 1831. In foreign relations, he refused to recognize King
784:
In 1833, after staying away for three years, Charles Louis returned to Lucca and granted a general amnesty. This was in stark contrast to the attitude of others Italian states that opted for repression and imprisonment. The same year
661:. The wedding took place in Lucca on 5 September 1820. Maria Theresa, who turned seventeen two weeks after the wedding, was tall and beautiful. They were said to be the most handsome royal couple. They had two children:
995:
After his abdication Charles Louis assumed the title of Count of Villafranca. Living as a private man, he dedicated his time to hobbies, alternating his stays between Paris, Nice and the castle of Weistropp in Saxony.
951:. On 9 April the regency transformed into a provisional government. Only four months after regaining the throne of his ancestors, Charles II was forced to flee from Italy, finding refuge in the castle of Weistropp in
645:
of the Spanish Bourbons for the pomp of a royal court. The relationship between mother and son turned sour with the years. He later complained that his mother had "ruined him physically, morally and financially".
637:, which was given to Charles Louis's mother, with Charles Louis as her heir, bearing the title Prince of Lucca. He was also promised the right of succession to Parma upon Empress Marie Louise's death.
1034:, later Crown Princess of Saxony, described him in her memoirs: "My maternal great grandfather, Duke Charles of Parma and Lucca was one of the most amusing and original men. He had estates in
707:
life, my inexperience, my good faith have unfortunate resulted in a complete lack of faith in myself and a diffidence, often involuntary but none the less inevitable towards, others."
1049:
Charles Louis survived his wife for less than three years. He died at Nice on 16 April 1883, age 83. He was buried at the large property at Viareggio belonging to the Parma family.
1046:
I shall be a Mohammedan; In fact wherever I go I always adopt, for the time being, the religion of the country, as it keeps me so much more in tone with the local color scheme.'"
391:
After Napoleon's fall, in 1817, Infanta Maria Luisa became Duchess of Lucca in her own right and Charles Louis, age sixteen, became hereditary Prince of Lucca. In 1820 he married
682:. They were a mismatched couple who lived most of their married life apart from each other. "Even if there was no love", Charles Louis later commented, "there was respect".
927:
In his first acts of government, he tried to organize the central administration. He also signed a military alliance with Austria. A few months after his arrival, the 1848
426:, the last reigning Duke of Parma, was deposed in 1860. In exile Charles Louis assumed the title of count of Villafranca. He spent the last years of his life mostly in
3289:, under whom the crowns of Castile and Aragon were united, forming the Kingdom of Spain. Previously, the title Infante had been largely used in the different realms.
3875:
1026:
After 1860 Charles Louis was able to come to Italy more freely. He visited Lucca with increasing frequency staying in the Villas of Montignoso and San Martino in
2907:
3855:
3139:
3698:
3267:
2691:
2205:
3539:
2570:
2308:
525:. Only a few months after settling in Florence, the Etrurian royal family was called back to Spain. It was during this trip that Charles's only sibling,
3590:
3636:
3125:
3020:
3442:
3353:
369:. Charles moved to Italy with his parents and in 1803, not yet four years old, he succeeded his father as King of Etruria under the name Louis II.
3880:
3529:
819:
After 1833, Charles Louis, chronically short of money, stayed abroad less frequently. In 1836 he returned to Vienna and in 1838, after being in
3860:
3580:
1042:, where his favorite castle was situated, and when he was remonstrated with on the subject by his spiritual advisers he replied. 'when I go to
931:
broke out in Parma. He was forced to choose between suppressing the revolution or granting reforms. He decided for the latter and appointed a
840:
533:, who had clung to his throne until his death on 9 October 1802, when Parma passed to France under the terms of a treaty which he had signed.
3657:
3379:
3358:
678:
Charles Louis was witty, charming and of a gregarious nature. Maria Theresa was melancholic and, unlike her husband, she was a deeply devout
526:
3830:
2896:
601:
in Parma and a substantial allowance, but Napoleon did not keep his word and Charles Louis with his mother and sister were held captive in
1507:
1016:
3723:
3534:
3384:
3621:
3570:
3077:
2675:
2670:
472:
3870:
3718:
3667:
3626:
3503:
3065:
3047:
2633:
2502:
959:
460:
350:
163:
3749:
3708:
3616:
3585:
3498:
3478:
3083:
3059:
2696:
2617:
2423:
2282:
1627:
844:
3865:
3835:
3488:
3260:
2944:
2913:
2870:
2865:
793:
chapel at his villa in Marlia, and he also flirted with Protestantism, which was viewed unfavourably by other Catholic courts.
764:
3703:
3672:
3631:
3215:
3153:
3101:
3089:
3071:
3053:
2978:
2956:
2918:
2901:
2854:
2849:
2701:
2654:
2591:
2563:
2522:
1569:
1533:
800:
626:
403:
392:
122:
70:
3677:
3322:
3286:
2859:
2596:
2091:
1901:
1475:
1351:
1031:
658:
562:
388:. Between 1811 and 1814 Charles Louis was placed under the care of his grandfather, the deposed King Charles IV of Spain.
307:
96:
3845:
3560:
3227:
3013:
2934:
2818:
1007:, age 31, was assassinated on 27 March 1854. In 1854 Charles Louis moved to Paris. In 1856 he visited his son's tomb in
1116:
1023:. Charles Louis, unlike other dethroned Italian monarchs, welcomed the unification of Italy as a positive development.
3662:
2962:
2601:
935:
with the task of preparing a constitution. His intention was to save the throne for his son who asked for help from
3641:
3508:
3317:
3253:
3221:
3209:
3165:
3119:
2986:
2891:
2886:
2797:
2749:
2638:
2540:
1004:
971:
880:
671:
419:
254:
132:
103:
1125:
3850:
3840:
3575:
3327:
2950:
2939:
2556:
2484:
1449:
716:
487:
362:
605:. When Charles Louis's mother tried to escape from Napoleon's grip, she was arrested and locked in a convent in
3744:
3713:
3493:
1875:
1289:
848:
835:
Charles Louis rarely saw his wife, who after 1840 retired from public life and lived in religious seclusion in
809:
748:
530:
456:
297:
195:
3565:
924:
had lost his throne in the 1830 revolution. He was a virtually prisoner in the palace and wanted to abdicate.
727:). He enjoyed life at the Austrian court, where his sister in law was Empress. While in Vienna he rented the
384:. In May 1808 they were forced to leave Spain by Napoleon who arrested Charles Louis' mother in a convent in
3682:
3363:
3185:
3171:
3006:
2813:
1012:
936:
786:
598:
423:
2199:
30:
3524:
2440:
1843:
1817:
1107:
1098:
824:
813:
499:
448:
366:
155:
3462:
3457:
3447:
3197:
3113:
2839:
1968:
1231:
1089:
654:
581:
212:
183:
970:, forcing him to sign the armistice of Salasco on 9 August 1848. In April 1849, Austrian troops led by
3825:
3820:
3452:
3203:
3191:
3095:
2844:
2834:
2124:
2028:
1722:
1383:
917:
778:
503:
987:
3483:
3389:
3332:
1781:
1020:
928:
921:
464:
358:
712:
3544:
3348:
3301:
2765:
2064:
1409:
1325:
1066:
905:
856:
630:
495:
479:
411:
377:
365:, Charles became Crown Prince of Etruria, a newly created kingdom formed from territories of the
720:
509:
On 21 April 1801 Charles Louis left Spain with his parents. After a short visit to Napoleon in
2302:
2001:
1941:
1754:
1695:
1263:
1205:
1153:
896:
556:
Coins of Charles Louis king of Etruria and his mother Queen Maria Luisa : 10 lire (1803).
468:
243:
836:
3437:
3039:
2477:
622:
575:
537:
452:
346:
319:
60:
529:, was born. Their visit was cut short by the death of Charles Louis' paternal grandfather,
752:
566:
522:
514:
327:
41:
1038:, to which he retired when he became weary of court life. He was always a protestant at
625:
was not restored to the Duchy of Parma, which was instead given to Napoleon's wife, the
2448:
1080:
1073:
1043:
796:
790:
634:
570:
483:
407:
399:
2422:, 20: 251–258. Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana. Text also available in the
2286:
3814:
3739:
3107:
3029:
2529:
2509:
2194:
1595:
728:
699:
339:
335:
287:
77:
955:. On 19 April 1848, Charles abdicated in favor of his son, who had himself escaped.
803:, Charles Louis's wife. They lived most of their married life apart from each other.
518:
491:
2198:
574:
France on Napoleon's orders, while Napoleon gave the Spanish crown to his brother
380:
dissolved the kingdom of Etruria and Charles Louis and his mother took refuge in
3611:
891:
482:
who was interested in conquering the Italian states. French troops invaded the
2407:
Mateos Sainz de Medrano. Ricardo. "Changing Thrones: Duke Carlo II of Parma".
948:
695:
597:, the residence which had been assigned to them. Maria Luisa was promised the
3765:
2209:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 934–935.
1008:
909:
864:
863:. These territories would be given to Modena receiving in compensation only
769:
736:
690:
594:
536:
In December 1802 the royal family of Etruria returned to Florence, but King
199:
506:
had made King of Etruria in compensation for giving up his right to Parma.
944:
940:
774:
679:
541:
361:, he spent his first years living at the Spanish court. In 1801, by the
3276:
1039:
1027:
963:
932:
868:
828:
756:
724:
613:
590:
373:
282:
1000:
was allowed to attend a family reunion held at Pianore in April 1853.
962:
the Austrian army decisively defeated the troops of Charles Albert at
589:
Charles Louis left Spain with his mother and sister on 2 May 1808 for
1035:
976:
952:
872:
740:
732:
427:
354:
159:
3245:
422:
on 14 March 1849. His son was assassinated in 1854 and his grandson
2548:
986:
967:
890:
876:
820:
795:
760:
689:
612:
551:
510:
381:
2998:
398:
At his mother's death in 1824, Charles Louis became the reigning
860:
606:
602:
431:
395:. They were a mismatched couple and had only one surviving son.
385:
179:
3249:
3002:
2552:
552:
478:
Charles Louis's early life was over-shadowed by the actions of
2402:
Lo sconcertante duca di Lucca: Carlo Ludovico di Borbone Parma
544:
and was frequently ill, died few months later on 27 May 1803.
1015:, who was reigning in Parma under the regency of his mother,
3038:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
847:
and the only sister of the French legitimate pretender,
653:
In 1820 his mother arranged his marriage with Princess
3800:
consort to an Infanta naturalized as a Spanish Infante
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
1135:
Coat of arms as Louis II of Etruria, Infante of Spain
451:. His father, a member of the Bourbons of Parma, was
1160:
Coat of arms as Charles II of Parma Infante of Spain
3774:
3758:
3732:
3691:
3650:
3604:
3553:
3517:
3471:
3430:
3414:
3398:
3372:
3341:
3310:
3294:
2927:
2879:
2827:
2806:
2790:
2774:
2758:
2742:
2726:
2710:
2684:
2663:
2647:
2626:
2610:
2584:
303:
293:
281:
267:
242:
206:
189:
169:
142:
138:
128:
118:
110:
102:
92:
84:
76:
66:
56:
48:
40:
23:
569:), but this plan never materialized, due to the
1150:Coat of arms as Charles Louis Infante of Spain,
657:(1803–1879), one of the twin daughters of King
668:Francesca (29 October 1821 – 8 September 1823)
376:while Charles Louis' minority lasted. In 1807
357:at the court of his maternal grandfather King
3261:
3014:
2564:
410:according to what had been stipulated by the
8:
743:and in the capitals of other German states.
498:, formed from the former territories of the
16:Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1847 to 1849
1019:, lost his throne in March 1860 during the
763:supporting his uncle the Carlist claimant,
372:His mother Infanta Maria Luisa assumed the
338:(1824–1847; reigned as Charles Louis), and
3268:
3254:
3246:
3183:Held in pretence, no implied sovereignty:
3021:
3007:
2999:
2571:
2557:
2549:
2431:
1182:
1173:
1056:
29:
20:
3637:Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime
3540:Infante Pedro Carlos, Infante of Portugal
35:Charles II, future Duke of Parma, c. 1824
3581:Francisco de Asís, King Consort of Spain
2279:. Dizionario biografico degli Parmigiani
580:
326:; 22 December 1799 – 16 April 1883) was
228:
2186:
621:After Napoleon's downfall in 1815, the
3658:Infante Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
3591:Infante Sebastián, Infante of Portugal
3285:The generations indicate descent from
2425:Dizionario biografico degli Parmigiani
2307:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2300:
2044:
1921:
1917:
1905:
1797:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1549:
1429:
1425:
1413:
1305:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1177:Ancestors of Charles II, Duke of Parma
694:Charles I Duke of Lucca in his youth.
264:
3876:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
2897:Prince Sixtus Henry, Duke of Aranjuez
2378:Changing Thrones: Duke Carlo of Parma
2343:Changing Thrones: Duke Carlo of Parma
2264:Changing Thrones: Duke Carlo of Parma
2230:Changing Thrones: Duke Carlo of Parma
2122:
2112:
2108:
2096:
2089:
2079:
2062:
2052:
2048:
2032:
2026:
2016:
1999:
1989:
1985:
1973:
1966:
1956:
1939:
1929:
1925:
1899:
1889:
1873:
1863:
1859:
1847:
1841:
1831:
1815:
1805:
1801:
1785:
1779:
1769:
1752:
1742:
1738:
1726:
1720:
1710:
1693:
1683:
1679:
1651:
1641:
1625:
1615:
1611:
1599:
1593:
1583:
1567:
1557:
1553:
1537:
1531:
1521:
1505:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1473:
1463:
1447:
1437:
1433:
1407:
1397:
1381:
1371:
1367:
1355:
1349:
1339:
1323:
1313:
1309:
1293:
1287:
1277:
1261:
1251:
1247:
1235:
1229:
1219:
1203:
1199:
755:of 1830. He was also allied with the
527:Princess Maria Luisa Carlota of Parma
7:
3561:Infante Antonio, Duke of Montpensier
2420:Dizionario biografico degli italiani
991:Charles II, Duke of Parma circa 1860
473:portrait of the family of Charles IV
342:(1847–1849; reigned as Charles II).
273:Carlo Ludovico Ferdinando di Borbone
232:
3856:Nobility from the Republic of Lucca
3566:Infante Carlos, Count of Montemolin
3385:Felipe Próspero, Prince of Asturias
3380:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias
2860:Felix, Prince Consort of Luxembourg
2692:Odoardo, Hereditary Prince of Parma
2200:"Charles II. (Duke of Parma)"
920:as the legitimate Queen. In France
406:, he succeeded her as the reigning
895:Charles Louis in the habit of the
633:compensated the Bourbons with the
14:
3719:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria
3668:Infante Alfonso, Duke of Galliera
3627:Infante Antonio, Duke of Galliera
3617:Infante Gaetan, Count of Girgenti
960:First Italian War of Independence
875:while his family went to live in
674:(14 January 1823 – 27 March 1854)
585:Portrait of a young Charles Louis
3750:Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria
3724:Infante Álvaro, Duke of Galliera
3709:Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona
3673:Infante Luis Fernando of Orléans
3586:Infante Enrique, Duke of Seville
3479:Infante Felipe, Duke of Calabria
1628:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick
1152:Duke of Lucca and Knight of the
1060:Heraldry of Charles II of Parma
1011:and saw his wife. His grandson,
827:, he went to France and then to
88:13 March 1824 – 17 December 1847
3571:Infante Juan, Count of Montizón
3530:Infante Carlos, Count of Molina
3463:Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón
2945:Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
751:, who had come to power in the
224:
3881:People from the Duchy of Lucca
3704:Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia
3632:Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid
3489:Fernando I of the Two Sicilies
2902:Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
1570:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1508:Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
502:, as heir to his father, whom
447:Charles Louis was born at the
393:Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy
353:. Born at the Royal Palace of
114:17 December 1847 – 17 May 1849
52:27 May 1803 – 10 December 1807
1:
3861:Princes of Parma and Piacenza
3795:title granted by Royal Decree
3678:Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid
1902:Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca
1476:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
1032:Archduchess Louise of Tuscany
879:under the protection of King
841:Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois
659:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
563:Kingdom of Northern Lusitania
475:, in the arms of his mother.
461:Infanta Maria Louisa of Spain
308:Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca
3663:Infante Ferdinand of Bavaria
3323:Fernando, Prince of Asturias
2940:Prince Jaime, Count of Bardi
2935:Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma
2819:Prince Henry, Count of Bardi
617:The Kingdom of Etruria. 1803
351:Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain
3831:19th-century dukes of Parma
3699:Alfonso, Prince of Asturias
2397:. Barcelona: Planeta, 1994.
3897:
3535:Infante Francisco de Paula
3318:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
2892:Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma
2798:Charles III, Duke of Parma
2750:Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma
2671:Ranuccio II, Duke of Parma
2436:Charles II, Duke of Parma
2092:Louise Élisabeth of France
2038:
1919:
1911:
1791:
1673:
1669:
1543:
1427:
1419:
1352:Louise Élisabeth of France
1299:
1193:
1189:
947:and Charles Albert wanted
943:had already asked to join
881:Charles Albert of Sardinia
859:and the lands east of the
672:Charles III, Duke of Parma
486:in 1796. In 1801, for the
255:Charles III, Duke of Parma
104:Duke of Parma and Piacenza
3790:
3642:Carlos III, Duke of Parma
3509:Fernando I, Duke of Parma
3328:Diego, Prince of Asturias
3283:
3236:
3181:
3036:
2972:
2782:Charles II, Duke of Parma
2634:Ranuccio I, Duke of Parma
2537:
2527:
2519:
2507:
2499:
2492:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2434:
2110:
2102:
2073:
2050:
2046:
2010:
1987:
1979:
1950:
1927:
1923:
1883:
1861:
1853:
1825:
1803:
1799:
1763:
1740:
1732:
1704:
1681:
1677:
1654:Charles II, Duke of Parma
1635:
1613:
1605:
1577:
1555:
1551:
1515:
1493:
1485:
1457:
1450:Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
1435:
1431:
1391:
1369:
1361:
1333:
1311:
1307:
1271:
1249:
1241:
1213:
1197:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1059:
767:and with the legitimate (
717:Sankt Egyden am Steinfeld
521:, the former home of the
463:, was a daughter of King
453:Louis, Prince of Piacenza
347:Louis, Prince of Piacenza
272:
263:
28:
3871:Princes of Bourbon-Parma
3683:Roberto I, Duke of Parma
3596:Carlos II, Duke of Parma
3504:Infante Francisco Javier
2887:Robert II, Duke of Parma
2697:Francesco, Duke of Parma
2618:Alexander, Duke of Parma
1876:Maria Josepha of Austria
1596:Maria Theresa of Austria
1290:Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
810:Louis Philippe of France
749:Louis Philippe of France
731:. He also spent time in
531:Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
517:taking residence in the
457:Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
298:Louis I, King of Etruria
194:Cappella della Macchia,
3499:Infante Antonio Pascual
3458:Felipe I, Duke of Parma
2814:Robert I, Duke of Parma
2639:Cardinal-Prince Odoardo
2523:Marie Louise of Austria
2206:Encyclopædia Britannica
1534:Maria Amalia of Austria
979:abdicating on his son.
937:Charles Albert of Savoy
781:was his first cousin).
599:Ducal Palace of Colorno
490:, Charles Louis became
345:He was the only son of
330:(1803–1807; reigned as
3866:Monarchs who abdicated
3836:House of Bourbon-Parma
3238:* denotes titular Duke
3043:
2702:Antonio, Duke of Parma
2655:Odoardo, Duke of Parma
2592:Ottavio, Duke of Parma
2409:Royalty History Digest
1844:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1818:Augustus III of Poland
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
992:
900:
823:for the coronation of
804:
703:
618:
586:
557:
500:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
449:Royal Palace of Madrid
367:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
323:
156:Royal Palace of Madrid
3622:Infante Luis Fernando
3042:
2855:Xavier, Duke of Parma
2840:Joseph, Duke of Parma
2411:3, no. 1 (July 1993).
2404:. Lucca: Fazzi, 1986.
2400:Lucarelli, Giuliano.
1969:Philip, Duke of Parma
1232:Philip, Duke of Parma
1128:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1092:
990:
894:
849:the Count of Chambord
801:Maria Teresa of Savoy
799:
693:
655:Maria Teresa of Savoy
616:
584:
555:
494:of the newly created
213:Maria Teresa of Savoy
3443:Infante Felipe Pedro
2979:prince of Luxembourg
2845:Elias, Duke of Parma
2835:Henry, Duke of Parma
2503:Maria Luisa of Spain
2446:Cadet branch of the
2289:on 27 September 2007
2277:Carlo II di Borbone
2029:Maria Luisa of Parma
1723:Charles III of Spain
1017:Louise Marie Thérèse
843:, a daughter of the
779:Miguel I of Portugal
627:Empress Marie Louise
540:, who suffered from
404:Empress Marie Louise
231:; died
71:Maria Luisa of Spain
3846:Knights of Santiago
2512:, as Charles Louis
2416:Carlo II di Borbone
1782:Charles IV of Spain
1021:Italian unification
465:Charles IV of Spain
359:Charles IV of Spain
3044:
2766:Louis I of Etruria
2376:Sainz de Medrano,
2341:Sainz de Medrano,
2262:Sainz de Medrano,
2228:Sainz de Medrano,
2065:Louis XV of France
1410:Louis I of Etruria
1326:Louis XV of France
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1067:Kingdom of Etruria
993:
901:
857:Duchy of Guastalla
805:
704:
631:Congress of Vienna
619:
587:
558:
496:Kingdom of Etruria
488:Treaty of Aranjuez
480:Napoleon Bonaparte
455:, son and heir of
434:on 16 April 1883.
412:Congress of Vienna
378:Napoleon Bonaparte
363:Treaty of Aranjuez
80:(as Charles Louis)
3808:
3807:
3545:Luis I of Etruria
3277:Infantes of Spain
3243:
3242:
3174: (1854–1859)
3150: (1808-1814)
3149:
3136: (1808-1814)
3135:
3122: (1765–1802)
3086: (1694–1727)
3068: (1592–1622)
2996:
2995:
2676:Prince Alessandro
2597:Prince Alessandro
2547:
2546:
2538:Succeeded by
2441:Bourbons of Parma
2414:Trebiliani, M.L.
2275:Trebiliani, M.L.
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2125:Marie Leszczyńska
2002:Elisabeth Farnese
1942:Philip V of Spain
1755:Elisabeth Farnese
1696:Philip V of Spain
1384:Marie Leszczyńska
1264:Elisabeth Farnese
1206:Philip V of Spain
1166:
1165:
1154:Order of Santiago
972:Marshall Radetzki
897:Order of Santiago
825:Emperor Ferdinand
567:north of Portugal
469:Francisco de Goya
313:
312:
277:
276:
3888:
3851:Spanish infantes
3841:Kings of Etruria
3801:
3796:
3576:Infante Fernando
3359:Infante Fernando
3270:
3263:
3256:
3247:
3230:* (2010–present)
3143:
3129:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3000:
2987:prince of Nassau
2957:Prince Guillaume
2579:Princes of Parma
2573:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2535:1847–1849
2520:Preceded by
2515:1824–1847
2500:Preceded by
2490:1803–1807
2475:Preceded by
2465:
2458:
2457:22 December 1799
2432:
2395:La Familia Rival
2381:
2374:
2359:
2356:La Familia Rival
2352:
2346:
2339:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2285:. Archived from
2273:
2267:
2260:
2233:
2226:
2211:
2210:
2202:
2191:
1183:
1174:
1057:
623:House of Bourbon
610:family in Rome.
576:Joseph Bonaparte
561:throne of a new
513:, they moved to
265:
236:
234:
230:
226:
176:
164:Kingdom of Spain
153:22 December 1799
152:
150:
33:
21:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3786:
3775:16th generation
3770:
3759:15th generation
3754:
3745:Infante Alfonso
3733:14th generation
3728:
3714:Infante Gonzalo
3692:13th generation
3687:
3651:12th generation
3646:
3605:11th generation
3600:
3554:10th generation
3549:
3513:
3494:Infante Gabriel
3467:
3426:
3410:
3394:
3368:
3337:
3306:
3290:
3279:
3274:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3177:
3168: (1849–54)
3162: (1847–49)
3156: (1814–47)
3116: (1748–65)
3110: (1740–48)
3104: (1735–40)
3098: (1731–35)
3092: (1727–31)
3080: (1646–94)
3074: (1622–46)
3062: (1586–92)
3056: (1556–86)
3050: (1545–47)
3032:
3027:
2997:
2992:
2968:
2928:16th generation
2923:
2880:15th generation
2875:
2828:14th generation
2823:
2807:13th generation
2802:
2791:12th generation
2786:
2775:11th generation
2770:
2759:10th generation
2754:
2738:
2722:
2706:
2680:
2659:
2643:
2622:
2606:
2602:Prince Rannucio
2580:
2577:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2514:
2505:
2489:
2485:King of Etruria
2480:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2444:
2437:
2393:Balansó, Juan.
2390:
2385:
2384:
2375:
2362:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2317:
2299:
2292:
2290:
2283:"Archived copy"
2281:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2236:
2227:
2214:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2178:
1171:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1055:
985:
889:
753:July Revolution
688:
651:
550:
548:King of Etruria
445:
440:
349:, and his wife
328:King of Etruria
259:
238:
222:
218:
215:
202:
184:French Republic
178:
174:
154:
148:
146:
106:(as Charles II)
42:King of Etruria
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3894:
3892:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3518:9th generation
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3472:8th generation
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3431:7th generation
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3415:6th generation
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3399:5th generation
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3373:4th generation
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3364:Infante Alonso
3361:
3356:
3354:Infante Carlos
3351:
3345:
3343:
3342:3rd generation
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3311:2nd generation
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3295:1st generation
3292:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3137:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3030:Dukes of Parma
3028:
3026:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2982:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2914:Prince Jacques
2911:
2908:Prince Charles
2905:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2871:Prince Gaetano
2868:
2863:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2743:9th generation
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2727:8th generation
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2711:7th generation
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2685:6th generation
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2664:5th generation
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2648:4th generation
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2627:3rd generation
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2611:2nd generation
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2585:1st generation
2582:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2487:, as Louis II
2481:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2470:Regnal titles
2467:
2466:
2449:House of Capet
2445:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2429:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2360:
2347:
2315:
2268:
2234:
2212:
2197:, ed. (1911).
2195:Chisholm, Hugh
2185:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1148:
1145:Lesser version
1143:
1140:Middle version
1138:
1132:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1104:
1095:
1085:
1084:
1081:Duchy of Parma
1077:
1074:Duchy of Lucca
1070:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1044:Constantinople
984:
981:
966:, and then at
888:
885:
791:Greek Orthodox
687:
684:
676:
675:
669:
650:
647:
635:Duchy of Lucca
549:
546:
484:Duchy of Parma
459:. His mother,
444:
441:
439:
436:
324:Carlo Lodovico
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
295:
291:
290:
285:
279:
278:
275:
274:
270:
269:
261:
260:
258:
257:
252:
251:Princess Luisa
248:
246:
240:
239:
220:
216:
211:
210:
208:
204:
203:
193:
191:
187:
186:
177:(aged 83)
171:
167:
166:
144:
140:
139:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3893:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3740:Juan Carlos I
3738:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3235:
3229:
3226:
3224:* (1977–2010)
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3188:* (1859–1907)
3187:
3184:
3180:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3160:Charles Louis
3158:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3108:Maria Theresa
3106:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3019:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2964:
2963:Prince Robert
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2919:Prince Michel
2917:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2850:Prince Sixtus
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2542:
2533:
2532:, as Charles
2531:
2530:Duke of Parma
2524:
2518:
2513:
2511:
2510:Duke of Lucca
2504:
2498:
2495:
2488:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2464:16 April 1883
2463:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2443:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2180:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:His only son
1001:
997:
989:
982:
980:
978:
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
925:
923:
919:
913:
911:
908:but acquired
907:
898:
893:
887:Duke of Parma
886:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
852:
850:
846:
845:Duke of Berry
842:
838:
833:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
802:
798:
794:
792:
788:
782:
780:
777:(former King
776:
772:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:Kinsky Palace
726:
722:
718:
714:
708:
701:
700:Andreas Staub
697:
692:
686:Duke of Lucca
685:
683:
681:
673:
670:
667:
664:
663:
662:
660:
656:
648:
646:
642:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
615:
611:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
583:
579:
577:
572:
568:
564:
554:
547:
545:
543:
539:
534:
532:
528:
524:
523:Medici family
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
442:
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
415:
413:
409:
408:Duke of Parma
405:
401:
400:Duke of Lucca
396:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
340:Duke of Parma
337:
336:Duke of Lucca
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
316:Charles Louis
309:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
289:
288:Bourbon-Parma
286:
284:
280:
271:
266:
262:
256:
253:
250:
249:
247:
245:
241:
214:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:Villa Borbone
192:
188:
185:
181:
173:16 April 1883
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
145:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
78:Duke of Lucca
75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
44:(as Louis II)
43:
39:
32:
27:
24:Charles Louis
22:
19:
3781:
3595:
3525:Fernando VII
3421:
3405:
3159:
3154:Marie Louise
3145:
3131:
2984:
2976:
2781:
2733:
2717:
2528:
2508:
2493:
2483:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2394:
2388:Bibliography
2377:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:the original
2280:
2276:
2271:
2263:
2229:
2204:
2189:
1653:
1162:(1761–1788)
1157:(1824-1847)
1147:(1803-1807)
1142:(1803-1807)
1137:(1803-1807)
1079:
1072:
1065:
1048:
1025:
1002:
998:
994:
957:
926:
914:
902:
853:
834:
818:
806:
783:
768:
745:
713:Urschendorff
709:
705:
677:
665:
652:
643:
639:
620:
588:
559:
535:
519:Pitti palace
508:
492:Crown Prince
477:
446:
416:
397:
390:
371:
344:
331:
315:
314:
175:(1883-04-16)
123:Marie Louise
18:
3826:1883 deaths
3821:1799 births
3612:Alfonso XII
3448:Fernando VI
3222:Carlos Hugo
3218:* (1974–77)
3212:* (1959–74)
3206:* (1950–59)
3200:* (1939–50)
3194:* (1907–39)
3166:Charles III
3078:Ranuccio II
2951:Prince Jean
2866:Prince René
2541:Charles III
2354:, Balansó,
1005:Charles III
958:During the
918:Isabella II
787:Thomas Ward
773:) cause in
430:, dying at
420:Charles III
133:Charles III
119:Predecessor
97:Maria Luisa
93:Predecessor
57:Predecessor
3815:Categories
3453:Carlos III
3333:Felipe III
3126:Cambacérès
3102:Charles II
3066:Ranuccio I
3048:Pier Luigi
2004:(= 17, 25)
1944:(= 16, 24)
983:Last years
949:annexation
939:. However
929:revolution
814:Metternich
696:Lithograph
471:'s famous
443:Early life
149:1799-12-22
3766:Felipe VI
3484:Carlos IV
3390:Carlos II
3349:Felipe IV
3302:Felipe II
3210:Robert II
3120:Ferdinand
3096:Charles I
3084:Francesco
3060:Alexander
1009:Viareggio
922:Charles X
910:Lunigiana
906:Guastalla
865:Lunigiana
770:Miguelist
737:Frankfurt
721:Weistropp
595:Compiegne
593:and then
438:Biography
200:Viareggio
129:Successor
3287:Carlos I
3172:Robert I
3146:Piacenza
2494:Annexed
2380:, p. 101
2358:, p. 101
2345:, p. 100
2303:cite web
2293:11 March
1169:Ancestry
1053:Heraldry
1013:Robert I
945:Piedmont
941:Piacenza
775:Portugal
765:Carlos V
757:Carlists
680:Catholic
649:Marriage
565:(in the
542:epilepsy
515:Florence
504:Napoleon
424:Robert I
332:Louis II
3090:Antonio
3072:Odoardo
3054:Ottavio
2478:Louis I
2266:, p. 99
2232:, p. 98
1040:Meissen
1028:Vignale
964:Custoza
933:regency
869:Vignale
837:Pianore
829:England
725:Dresden
591:Bayonne
374:regency
320:Italian
237:
221:
217:
198:, near
61:Louis I
3438:Luis I
3228:Carlos
3216:Xavier
3198:Joseph
3186:Robert
3142:
3140:Lebrun
3128:
3114:Philip
2460:
2127:(= 19)
2067:(= 18)
1757:(= 17)
1698:(= 16)
1036:Saxony
977:Saxony
953:Saxony
873:Saxony
741:Prague
733:Berlin
723:(near
719:) and
715:(near
629:. The
428:France
355:Madrid
304:Mother
294:Father
227:
207:Spouse
190:Burial
160:Madrid
67:Regent
3204:Elias
3192:Henry
3132:Parma
2985:also
2977:also
2462:Died:
2455:Born:
2181:Notes
2094:(= 9)
1971:(= 8)
968:Milan
877:Turin
821:Milan
761:Spain
666:Luisa
571:break
538:Louis
511:Paris
382:Spain
283:House
268:Names
244:Issue
235:)
223:(
219:
111:Reign
85:Reign
49:Reign
3782:None
3422:None
3406:None
2734:None
2718:None
2309:link
2295:2007
2123:31.
2090:15.
2063:30.
2000:29.
1967:14.
1940:28.
1874:27.
1842:13.
1816:26.
1753:25.
1721:12.
1694:24.
1626:23.
1594:11.
1568:22.
1506:21.
1474:10.
1448:20.
1382:19.
1324:18.
1262:17.
1204:16.
861:Enza
812:and
607:Rome
603:Nice
432:Nice
386:Rome
233:1879
229:1820
180:Nice
170:Died
143:Born
2027:7.
1900:3.
1780:6.
1652:1.
1532:5.
1408:2.
1350:9.
1288:4.
1230:8.
759:in
698:by
334:),
3817::
2965:*^
2959:*^
2953:*^
2947:*^
2910:*^
2904:*^
2418:.
2363:^
2318:^
2305:}}
2301:{{
2237:^
2215:^
2203:.
912:.
883:.
851:.
816:.
739:,
735:,
578:.
414:.
322::
225:m.
182:,
162:,
158:,
3269:e
3262:t
3255:v
3148:)
3144:(
3134:)
3130:(
3022:e
3015:t
3008:v
2862:*
2572:e
2565:t
2558:v
2428:.
2311:)
2297:.
899:.
702:.
318:(
151:)
147:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
