285:, a port under Union control. By 23 March 1865 Boozer and her family had made their way to Philadelphia, where they reunited with Amelia's relatives and were celebrated by the public, press, and military as Civil War heroines. They soon moved on to Manhattan, where Amelia had investments and more relatives. They were celebrated as Union heroines there as well, with recommendations from important generals, so the Union League Club gave them $ 10,000 to help them get settled. The senate voted compensation to Amelia for her Columbia losses, but the bill was set aside, along with many similar bills, but they were later compensated. More than thirty Union officers had signed a supporting statement attesting to the women's courage.
31:
581:, released in 1959, was a best-seller. Coker relied mostly on the spurious Julian Selby pamphlet, "A Checkered Life," reprinted as "The Countess Pourtales. Ethel Battle, daughter of Marie's half-sister Ethland, contacted Graydon and Coker over the negative portrayal of Marie and her mother, Amelia. Battle shared letters from and about Marie that showed the truth about her, and also educated the two authors about Amelia. Both novelists expressed regret that their hurtful portrayal of Marie and Amelia had been distorted by limited source materials.
362:"Marie was absolutely not with Kilpatrick during his embarrassing skedaddle or anywhere else during her trip north from Columbia." In fact, the entire Kilpatrick myth is completely destroyed in Deborah C. Pollack's book, Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer (Peppertree Press, 2017), and her actual journey north with Gen. Howard's troops is fully described as well.
417:
547:.) It was a mixture of a few half-truths and countless total fabrications. Selby felt Amelia and Boozer were disloyal to Columbia and did not meet the standards of "southern womanhood". Selby resented Amelia getting compensation for lost property in Columbia while the ruined Columbia struggled without help.
474:
486:, so Marie, Arthur, and young Maria traveled by train to San Francisco and sailed across the Pacific. During 1877, Arthur took a leave of absence, so the three of them could travel in Asia. They visited other exotic places as well. By early 1878 they arrived in Naples and did sightseeing en route to the
269:
himself ordered that a better carriage be confiscated for Amelia's use, knowing the rigors of travel on the bad roads. Sherman's army marched about 10 miles each day which was physically demanding for everyone. The
Confederates were attacking intermittently on the sides of the column and made a stand
387:
Beecher, who was unfaithful to Marie, introduced her to Lloyd
Phoenix. Phoenix was handsome, wealthy, socially-connected and a yachtsman. He was a philanderer and falsely promised several times to marry Marie as soon as she divorced Beecher. Marie believed Phoenix and entered into a love affair with
312:
as
Sherman's army marched north from Columbia. A rebel scout saw what he thought was a beautiful young woman fitting the description of Boozer (her name was never given explicitly) at Kilpatrick's camp. The dawn raid caught the Federals unaware and Kilpatrick barely escaped, wearing only his "shirt
264:
Amelia knew that she would no longer be safe in
Columbia when the Union left to continue north. She sent two of her children to stay with her husband's parents in Feasterville and resolved to take Marie, her half-sister Ethland, and Ethland's African American nurse Lizzie north with the Union army.
219:
Before the Civil War, debate in South
Carolina between Accommodationists and Secessionists was acceptable. Once the war started, Unionists like Amelia were increasingly unpopular. Boozer supported the Confederacy in the early years of the war, tending the Confederate wounded at Wayside Hospital and
184:
Amelia returned to
Columbia with her child. She was the subject of gossip and worked as a seamstress, so for that and other reasons, she could not join in Columbia's highest social circles. She married Jacob Feaster in 1852. They had three children and the third half-sister Ethland was important in
420:
A page in Marie
Beecher's Paris Police file, photo used without permission from Deborah C. Pollack, Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer (Peppertree Press, 2017), page 133. Photograph owned by the Préfecture de Police, Paris, France, from their secret
223:
There was a jail in town and a prison called Camp
Sorghum west of Columbia for Union officers who were prisoners-of-war. Some of these prisoners were moved to the grounds of the Lunatic Asylum. Amelia went to all those places to help the prisoners who lived in wretched conditions and Boozer, as a
194:
176:
In 1837, 18-year old Amelia's first marriage was out of pity for a gravely-ill Thomas Harned on his deathbed, who died the next day. She met an older South
Carolina businessman Peter Burton, who was visiting Philadelphia, and married him in 1840. They returned to Columbia, where Burton died of a
391:
Marie fully expected that
Phoenix would marry her but he laughed at her and said he had no intention of doing so, following a frequent pattern in his life. On 31 October 1873, the spurned Marie took revenge on Phoenix in a remarkable way. All of the parties involved worked to keep it out of the
371:
Amelia arranged a 1866 marriage between Marie and an older businessman, John S. Beecher. This gave Marie entrée to wealth and the higher social circles in New York, but she did not love Beecher and considered him a "pleasant old man." She gave birth to a son, John Preston, in 1867; Naming him
477:
Marie, Countess de Portales-Gorgier (the former Marie Boozer) in 1886, photo used without permission from Deborah C. Pollack, Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer (Peppertree Press, 2017), page 190. Photograph owned by Wilson-Battle-Connell-Park
326:, in the part by University of South Carolina history professor Yates Snowden, writing under the pseudonym "Felix Old Boy". However, Snowden leaves out the humorous conclusion, giving the impression that it really was Boozer, rather than an older female schoolteacher, at Kilpatrick's camp.
260:
As the Union Army approached Columbia, the Confederates started to move the Union Officer POWs away from Camp Sorgham. Some officers escaped, planning to hide until the Union Army arrived; Amelia and Marie hid them in their cellar and provided them with meals until relief arrived for them.
35:
Marie Boozer, Countess de Pourtales-Gorgier, ca. 1876, Wilson-Battle-Connell-Park papers. Reproduced with the permission of Deborah C. Pollack from the cover of her book, Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer, published by Peppertree Press in
464:
Arthur's next assignment was in Washington, D.C. and the couple immediately sailed for New York. Beecher, Marie's first husband, gave Marie permission to marry again. Arthur and Marie married for a second time in Baltimore on 2 May 1876, to be sure that the marriage was legally valid.
395:
Sometime in 1873 or possibly January 1874, Marie and her sister Ethland traveled to St. Petersburg in Russia. They associated with aristocrats and had their photographs taken by a celebrity photographer. Claims that Marie was involved in a Russian diamond theft were simply false.
425:
Marie moved to Paris, where sophisticated Europeans socialized with her despite her reputation. Her apartment became a meeting place for artists, royalty and writers. Her rebellious and lavish lifestyle as well as connection with the Paris demimonde resulted in police attention.
180:
Amelia moved to nearby Newberry and married David Boozer in September 1847. David had the child's name changed to Mary Sarah Amelia Boozer in November 1848. In February 1850, David killed himself while Amelia was at church, leaving a substantial estate of $ 10,000 to $ 15,000.
197:
Marie Boozer's mother Amelia Feaster in oil painting. Photo used without permission from Deborah C. Pollack, Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer (Peppertree Press, 2017), page 49. Painting and photograph property of a private
569:
had to retract the whole story, saying that Marie was alive and well with Arthur in Switzerland. Other ridiculous stories had Marie married to the Ottoman Sultan or becoming a Zulu in Africa. These newspaper attacks continued through Marie's entire marriage to Arthur.
215:
for one term in New York, where her mother had relatives. This elite school put heavy emphasis on French conversational skills. Boozer studied in Paris during 1863-1864 and, because she loved the French culture, changed her name to Marie. She then returned to Columbia.
438:
Her 2nd husband Arthur Count de Pourtales. Photo used without permission from Deborah C. Pollack, Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer, page 138 (Peppertree Press, 2017). Photograph owned by Wilson-Battle-Connell-Park
403:
Marie returned to New York in May, 1874 and the divorce was finalized in July 1874. Beecher got custody of John Preston and Marie got alimony. Marie was judged the adulterous party so, under New York law, she could not remarry until Beecher's death.
160:
Marie Boozer was from a very patriotic family. Her mother was born Amelia Sees in Philadelphia on 30 January 1819. Amelia's grandfather emigrated from France with his Huguenot family and fought as a lieutenant in a Philadelphia militia during the
508:
In admiration of his service, the French government decorated Arthur with the title of Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur, one of the highest honors in Europe. Marie's skill in the diplomatic social circuit was a major factor in Arthur's success.
232:, Preston was handsome, well-educated, gentlemanly, and reciprocally in love with Boozer. Before Preston was released in a prisoner exchange, he and Marie made plans to marry. But tragically, Preston was killed in action during the battle of
207:. The diarist Mary Chesnut gossiped about Boozer's inaccurate illegitimacy but conceded that "She is a beauty—that none can deny." When younger, she was hoydenish or tomboyish as well as adept with firearms. Boozer was a day student at
244:
Preston's death precipitated the heartbroken Marie to join her mother completely in supporting the Union cause. The two women saved the lives of numerous officers from Philadelphia, New York, New Jersey, and New England. Union General
454:. Marie had known Jenny and her sister Polly back at the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Manhattan. Maria de Pourtales-Gorgier was the only child from the first marriage. Marie formed a strong attachment with her stepdaughter Maria.
399:
In December 1873, Marie was staying with Ethland at a hotel in London, and the two sisters became innocently involved in a widely-publicized scandal, which drew more unwanted attention to Marie in New York and London newspapers.
202:
All agreed that the young Marie Boozer was an exceptional beauty with thick strawberry-blonde hair and deep blue eyes. The popular Southern historian Manly Wade Wellman later wrote that she was the basis for the character of
407:
Marie had been caring for her younger half-sister Ethland, but in 1874 Ethland joined her father Jacob Feaster and two older siblings in pioneer LaGrange, Florida. Ethland maintained correspondence with Marie.
152:. After her divorce she became a member of the Paris demimonde before marrying a count/diplomat and traveling the world. In the process she became an early example of a celebrity pursued by gossip and rumors.
516:
and secretary to Francois-Jules Harmand, the plenipotentiary French minister to Japan. In August 1898, the couple sailed from New York to Le Havre. From there they took a train to Paris and were entering
329:
By 1956, a highly respected book on the Carolina campaign transforms the older female schoolteacher into "a lovely young woman in nightdress". It concludes "In all probability, it was the beautiful Mary
177:
seizure sometime in 1846, leaving Amelia several months pregnant. Mary Amelia Peter Burton was probably born in December 1846. The 1850 census gave her age as three and the 1860 census gave thirteen.
165:. Her father, George Sees, was a Philadelphia constable. Amelia's mother, Mary Carr Sees came from Northern Ireland and Amelia's maternal uncle was the renowned Philadelphian Robert Carr, who knew
461:
life in Paris behind her and was a faithful world-traveling diplomatic wife for the next thirty years. Her formal name was now Marie Adele de Beauvoir Boozier, Countess de Pourtales-Gorgier.
352:... According to Capt. James H. Miller of the 5th Ohio Cavalry, Kilpatrick's traveling companion was named Alice. She was said to be a Northern schoolteacher whom "Little Kil" was escorting."
604:
Marie, Countess de Pourtales-Gorgier, received the last rites of the Catholic Church and died on 25 January 1908. The location of the burial on January 31 was not disclosed to the public.
317:... "school-marm" from Vermont, who had availed herself of the assistance of Sherman's army to return to her home." They politely guided her to safety in a ditch as bullets whizzed by.
211:
in 1860, where all grades had access to French language instruction. Boozer still had considerable wealth inherited from David Boozer and during the Civil War she attended the
392:
newspapers, but the full account is explained in detail by Deborah C. Pollack in her book, Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer.
250:
281:
on 8 March 1865, General Sherman, who acknowledged Amelia and her "beautiful" daughters in his later memoir, directed General Howard to put the four women on a steamship to
274:. Boozer and her family were fortunate that General Howard allowed them to travel near his general staff, rather than with the camp followers behind the 60,000-man army.
620:
The 1848 and 1850 birthdates for Boozer in some sources were clearly incorrect, considering the 1848 name change by David Boozer and the consistent early census data.
435:
1981:
589:
After traveling the world and helping Arthur with diplomatic duties, Marie lived out her last years with her husband at the twenty-five room Villa Terrarosa in
297:
and Marie Boozer romanced on the trip north from Columbia has spread to numerous "memoirs, novels, encyclopedias, and many nonfiction historical narratives."
447:-Gorgier, but they were together in London during October 1875. Arthur was handsome, about Marie's age and a "gentleman of the old school in all respects."
2170:
2260:
558:, a powerful West Coast businessman. He wanted custody of his granddaughter Maria de Pourtales and sought to portray Marie as an unfit stepmother.
348:"Contrary to several recent accounts, Marie Boozer was not at Monroe's Crossroads, nor did she accompany Kilpatrick from Columbia to Fayetteville.
565:
reported that Marie had been strangled with a bowstring in Japan for an indiscretion, when she hadn't even been there yet. Two days later, the
224:
dutiful daughter, joined her work. While doing so, Boozer fell into a deep but chaste romance with a young prisoner, Naval Lieutenant and hero
521:
when Boozer was seriously injured, described in detail in Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer.
505:
volcano exploded during their stay. Marie described her travels and appreciation for international cultures in several letters to Ethland.
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30:
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A coach-maker named Phineas Frazier had also helped the Union POWs. He was whipped, imprisoned and had his head forcibly shaved.
2114:
1970:
1801:
629:
A church hearing cleared Amelia of accusations that she drove Boozer to suicide or was having an affair with Dr. Hugh Toland.
656:
Boozer's half-sister, Ethland, had a successful marriage to Dr. Benjamin Rush Wilson, a prominent doctor in pioneer Florida.
278:
434:
2220:
493:
By 1880, Arthur was promoted to "first class of his diplomatic service" for his achievements. By 1882 they were in
282:
145:
2255:
1260:, pp. 77-96, cites sources including Beecher v. Beecher, full New York divorce records including master's report.
2065:
246:
185:
Marie Boozer's life. The Feaster family was doing well financially and Jacob Feaster loved young Marie Boozer.
2214:, 1860; Columbia, Richland Cty., SC; roll M653 page 55, line 6. Retrieved on 19 August 2023.
416:
313:
and drawers". The rebel attackers spotted the woman, but they discovered the "fair damsel" was an "old, ugly
444:
305:
294:
212:
118:
2079:
271:
473:
2250:
2211:
2199:, 1850; Newberry, SC; roll M432 household 34, line 10. Retrieved on 19 August 2023.
2196:
512:
From 1894 to 1898, Arthur, Marie, and Maria were in Tokyo, where they were beloved, and where he was
1811:
355:"Indisputable documentary evidence exists that Marie Boozer was not present at Monroe's Crossroads.
193:
162:
2146:
598:
266:
254:
561:
Hoaxes occurred frequently in newspapers during the 1870s to the 1890s. On 27 October 1884, the
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described how his cavalry planned a dawn raid on the camp of his rival, Union cavalry officer
225:
166:
1819:
1815:
494:
301:
141:
1939:
1901:
345:... had an affair after she left Columbus, but this is nothing more than postwar fiction."
229:
2136:
2069:
665:
Arthur, Marie, and Maria took a break from Tokyo in 1895 by visiting France and the U.S.
2207:
2192:
2104:
2083:
1840:
1791:
1770:
487:
450:
Arthur's deceased first wife was Jenny Holladay, daughter of the transportation tycoon
257:. During the occupation, a third of Columbia was destroyed by fires of various origin.
173:, and printed multiple volumes of one of the first English language bibles in America.
2244:
2047:
2025:
1960:
140:(1846 – 1908) was an American socialite and countess. From provincial
1861:
2043:
2021:
2001:
555:
534:
530:
451:
359:... it is therefore safe to conclude that Marie Boozer was not Kilpatrick's Alice."
321:
149:
1983:
Bad Scarlett: The Extraordinary Life of the Notorious Southern Beauty Marie Boozer
2150:
379:
Boozer's mother Amelia passed away in 1870, leaving Marie without her guidance.
233:
170:
457:
Arthur and Marie married in a London church on 4 November 1875. Marie put her
2013:
2057:
1930:
647:
One Union officer claimed that Amelia's compensation request was excessive.
443:
It is unclear when Marie met a French diplomat of Swiss origin named Count
337:
Since 2000, some historians have pushed back against the widespread story.
594:
502:
2035:
590:
483:
64:
577:
by Nell S. Graydon was released in 1958. Elizabeth Boatwright Coker's
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was an early enemy of Marie and Amelia with his specious 1878 booklet
372:"Preston" was a tribute to her deceased former fiancée from Columbia,
341:"A still popular tale alleges that Marie and Major Judson Kilpatrick
518:
498:
472:
433:
415:
192:
2109:. Columbia, S.C.: Univ. of South Carolina Press. pp. 83–89.
2103:
Snowden, Yates; Bennett, John C.; Anderson, Mary Crow (1993).
85:
Marie Adele de Beauvoir Boozier, Countess de Pourtales-Gorgier
1592:
1590:
1553:
1551:
1022:
1020:
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him. Beecher found out and commenced divorce proceedings.
2074:. Vol. 2. London: Henry S. King and Co. p. 295.
1502:
1500:
1427:
1425:
1328:
1326:
573:
Two 'historical' novels were written about Marie Boozer.
1073:
1071:
791:
789:
1824:. New Haven, CT: Yale University. Press. p. 695.
1775:. Chapel Hill,SC: University of North Carolina Press.
2141:. Richmond, Virginia: B.F. Johnson. pp. 401–410.
550:
Early attacks came from the hostile reporters of the
2130:. Vol. 1. New York: Ad Press. pp. 294–296.
1868:. Columbia, SC: Greystone Publishers. pp. 46–48
320:The story reappeared in the 1915 spurious pamphlet
300:A 1899 biography of Confederate Lieutenant General
127:
108:
100:
92:
72:
57:
41:
21:
1796:. Chapel Hill, SC: Univ. of North Carolina Press.
104:South Carolina belle during the American Civil War
2088:. Columbia, S.C.: Univ. of South Carolina Press.
2127:The Cravath firm and its predecessors, 1819-1947
1793:This astounding close: the road to Bennett Place
2008:. Columbia, S.C.: Office of the Daily Phoenix.
867:
1965:. College Station: Texas A&M Univ. Press.
1860:Coker, Elizabeth Boatwright (November 1976).
597:. The Villa Terrarosa had a fine view of the
16:American socialite and countess (c.1846–1908)
8:
2155:. New York: Savas Beatie. pp. 252–254.
1608:
1542:
1137:
2052:. Columbia, S.C.: S. and H. Publishing Co.
482:Arthur's next diplomatic assignment was in
1185:
29:
18:
220:engaging at morale-boosting activities.
169:, fought as a lieutenant colonel in the
1883:The Scandalous Lives of Carolina Belles
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2227:. New York. 29 October 1884. p. 2
2177:. New York. 27 October 1884. p. 1
1740:
1704:
1668:
1620:
1161:
1113:
879:
831:
807:
780:
720:
2071:Memoirs of General William T. Sherman
1839:Coker, Elizabeth Boatwright (1978) .
1772:Sherman's March through the Carolinas
1656:
1530:
1125:
987:
927:
744:
732:
430:Marriage to Arthur Count de Pourtales
144:South Carolina, she escaped with the
7:
2221:"The Countess Pourtales Not Killed"
1962:Sherman and the burning of Columbia
1885:. Charleston, S.C.: History Press.
148:army to New York and ascended into
2030:. Columbia, S.C.: R. L. Bryan Co.
253:from 17 to 20 February during his
14:
2152:The Battle of Monroe's Crossroads
543:was reprinted in 1915 as part of
497:and then in 1883 the posting was
293:A false story that Major General
1769:Barrett, John Gilchrist (1956).
469:World travel as wife of diplomat
2261:Women in the American Civil War
1959:Lucas, Marion Brunson (2000) .
2138:Hampton and his Cavalry in '64
1986:. Sarasota: Peppertree Press.
1946:. University of South Carolina
1908:. University of South Carolina
1862:"La Belle Marie:Final Chapter"
593:, located three miles outside
529:The South Carolina journalist
1:
2135:Wells, Edward Laight (1899).
1482:, pp. 165–167, 188-189..
310:Battle of Monroe's Crossroads
1980:Pollack, Deborah C. (2017).
1940:"Elizabeth Boatwright Coker"
1925:. Columbia, SC: R.L. Bryan.
525:Gossip, calumnies and hoaxes
240:Flight north with Union Army
189:Early life in South Carolina
52:Columbia, South Carolina, US
1944:South Carolina Encyclopedia
1938:Johnson, Thomas L. (2022).
1906:South Carolina Encyclopedia
1164:, pp. 39, 87, 102n264.
868:Chesnut & Woodward 1981
289:Kilpatrick and Marie Boozer
228:. An emissary to President
2277:
2208:"Marie Boozer 1860 Census"
2193:"Marie Boozer 1850 Census"
2171:"A Woman's Horrible Death"
2124:Swaine, Robert T. (1946).
601:'s dome in the distance.
2066:Sherman, William Tecumseh
2046:; Snowden, Yates (1915).
1921:Graydon, Nell S. (1958).
1790:Bradley, Mark L. (2000).
1572:, pp. 141, 146, 156.
554:, under the influence of
255:campaign of the Carolinas
28:
1821:Mary Chesnut's Civil War
1543:Selby & Snowden 1915
1138:Selby & Snowden 1915
247:William Tecumseh Sherman
79:Mary Sarah Amelia Boozer
46:Mary Amelia Peter Burton
1900:Greene, Harlan (2022).
552:San Francisco Chronicle
308:. This was part of the
213:Academy of Sacred Heart
209:Columbia Female College
2080:Simms, William Gilmore
2049:The Countess Pourtales
2044:Selby, Julian Augustus
2022:Selby, Julian Augustus
2002:Selby, Julian Augustus
545:The Countess Pourtales
479:
440:
422:
383:Infidelity and divorce
323:The Countess Pourtales
306:Hugh Judson Kilpatrick
199:
2106:Two Scholarly Friends
1236:, pp. 42, 81–82.
918:, pp. 27, 31–32.
476:
437:
419:
196:
2212:United States census
2197:United States census
1881:Elmore, Tom (2014).
1845:. New York: Bantam.
1812:Chesnut, Mary Boykin
990:, pp. 162, 165.
2147:Wittenberg, Eric J.
1731:, pp. 199–200.
1719:, pp. 218–221.
1695:, pp. 218–220.
1599:, pp. 186–187.
1560:, pp. 169–176.
1521:, pp. 196–198.
1458:, pp. 165–167.
1446:, pp. 162–163.
1371:, pp. 137–138.
1359:, pp. 124–136.
1320:, pp. 120–121.
1308:, pp. 106–116.
1188:, pp. 252–254.
445:Arthur de Pourtalès
367:Marriage to Beecher
163:American Revolution
119:Arthur de Pourtalès
1272:, pp. 98–101.
894:, pp. 35, 40.
501:in Indonesia. The
488:Chateau de Gorgier
480:
441:
423:
277:When they reached
200:
2085:A City Laid Waste
1842:La Belle: a novel
1816:Woodward, C. Vann
1707:, pp. 84–86.
1671:, pp. 77–83.
1623:, pp. 85–86.
1609:NYTimesAlive 1884
1248:, pp. 82–83.
1224:, pp. 77–80.
1212:, pp. 59–68.
1092:, pp. 72–74.
1029:, pp. 53–54.
1002:, pp. 44–45.
978:, pp. 42–45.
966:, pp. 37–41.
846:, pp. 26–28.
783:, pp. 17–19.
699:, pp. 13–14.
687:, pp. 12–13.
374:Samuel W. Preston
236:in January 1865.
226:Samuel W. Preston
167:Benjamin Franklin
135:
134:
96:Diplomatic spouse
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2256:Swiss countesses
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2006:A Checkered Life
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1336:
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1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1135:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
748:
742:
736:
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
666:
663:
657:
654:
648:
645:
639:
636:
630:
627:
621:
618:
541:A Checkered Life
536:A Checkered Life
514:chargé d'affairs
495:Santiago de Cuba
490:in Switzerland.
358:
351:
344:
333:
316:
73:Other names
33:
19:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2230:
2228:
2219:
2205:
2204:
2190:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2145:
2134:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2096:
2078:
2064:
2042:
2020:
2000:
1994:
1979:
1973:
1958:
1949:
1947:
1937:
1923:Another Jezebel
1920:
1911:
1909:
1899:
1893:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1859:
1853:
1838:
1832:
1810:
1804:
1789:
1783:
1768:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1186:Wittenberg 2006
1184:
1180:
1172:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1144:
1140:, pp. 6–7.
1136:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
970:
962:
958:
950:
946:
938:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
874:
866:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
830:
826:
818:
814:
806:
802:
794:
787:
779:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
743:
739:
731:
727:
719:
715:
707:
703:
695:
691:
683:
679:
675:
670:
669:
664:
660:
655:
651:
646:
642:
637:
633:
628:
624:
619:
615:
610:
587:
575:Another Jezebel
527:
471:
432:
414:
385:
369:
356:
349:
342:
331:
314:
291:
242:
230:Abraham Lincoln
205:Scarlett O'Hara
191:
158:
123:
115:John S. Beecher
88:
68:
62:
61:25 January 1908
53:
50:
48:
47:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2225:New York Times
2217:
2202:
2187:
2175:New York Times
2167:
2161:
2143:
2132:
2121:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2076:
2062:
2040:
2018:
1998:
1992:
1977:
1971:
1956:
1935:
1918:
1902:"John Bennett"
1897:
1891:
1878:
1857:
1851:
1836:
1830:
1808:
1802:
1787:
1781:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1755:, p. 208.
1745:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1683:, p. 218.
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1635:, p. 215.
1625:
1613:
1601:
1586:
1584:, p. 184.
1574:
1562:
1547:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1509:, p. 195.
1496:
1494:, p. 194.
1484:
1472:
1470:, p. 177.
1460:
1448:
1436:
1434:, p. 190.
1421:
1419:, p. 132.
1409:
1407:, p. 142.
1397:
1395:, p. 165.
1385:
1383:, p. 139.
1373:
1361:
1349:
1347:, p. 121.
1337:
1335:, p. 157.
1322:
1310:
1298:
1296:, p. 128.
1286:
1284:, p. 117.
1274:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1226:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1176:, p. 306.
1166:
1154:
1152:, p. 128.
1142:
1130:
1128:, p. 409.
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1067:
1065:, p. 295.
1055:
1043:
1031:
1016:
1004:
992:
980:
968:
956:
944:
932:
920:
908:
896:
884:
872:
870:, p. 695.
860:
848:
836:
824:
812:
800:
785:
773:
761:
759:, p. 210.
749:
737:
725:
713:
701:
689:
676:
674:
671:
668:
667:
658:
649:
640:
631:
622:
612:
611:
609:
606:
586:
583:
567:New York Times
563:New York Times
526:
523:
470:
467:
431:
428:
413:
410:
384:
381:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
353:
346:
290:
287:
267:General Howard
241:
238:
190:
187:
157:
154:
133:
132:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
116:
112:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:Known for
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
87:
86:
83:
80:
76:
74:
70:
69:
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
45:
43:
39:
38:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2273:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2162:9781932714173
2158:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2095:9781643361284
2091:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1993:9781614934943
1989:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1957:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1892:9781626195103
1888:
1884:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1852:9780553108811
1848:
1844:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1831:9780300024593
1827:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1782:9780807807019
1778:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1743:, p. 62.
1742:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:, p. 59.
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1119:
1116:, p. 51.
1115:
1110:
1107:
1104:, p. 43.
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1080:, p. 67.
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1053:, p. 66.
1052:
1047:
1044:
1041:, p. 55.
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1014:, p. 41.
1013:
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
993:
989:
984:
981:
977:
972:
969:
965:
960:
957:
954:, p. 37.
953:
948:
945:
942:, p. 29.
941:
936:
933:
930:, p. 36.
929:
924:
921:
917:
912:
909:
906:, p. 24.
905:
900:
897:
893:
888:
885:
882:, p. 30.
881:
876:
873:
869:
864:
861:
857:
852:
849:
845:
840:
837:
834:, p. 22.
833:
828:
825:
822:, p. 20.
821:
816:
813:
810:, p. 21.
809:
804:
801:
798:, p. 18.
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
777:
774:
771:, p. 17.
770:
765:
762:
758:
753:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
729:
726:
723:, p. 16.
722:
717:
714:
711:, p. 15.
710:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
686:
681:
678:
672:
662:
659:
653:
650:
644:
641:
635:
632:
626:
623:
617:
614:
607:
605:
602:
600:
596:
592:
584:
582:
580:
576:
571:
568:
564:
559:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
524:
522:
520:
515:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
475:
468:
466:
462:
460:
455:
453:
448:
446:
436:
429:
427:
418:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
382:
380:
377:
375:
366:
361:
354:
347:
340:
339:
338:
335:
327:
325:
324:
318:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
288:
286:
284:
280:
275:
273:
268:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
239:
237:
235:
231:
227:
221:
217:
214:
210:
206:
195:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
172:
168:
164:
155:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
130:
126:
120:
117:
114:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
84:
82:Marie Beecher
81:
78:
77:
75:
71:
66:
60:
56:
44:
40:
32:
27:
20:
2229:. Retrieved
2224:
2179:. Retrieved
2174:
2151:
2137:
2126:
2105:
2084:
2070:
2048:
2026:
2005:
1982:
1961:
1948:. Retrieved
1943:
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1905:
1882:
1870:. Retrieved
1865:
1841:
1820:
1792:
1771:
1753:Pollack 2017
1748:
1736:
1729:Pollack 2017
1724:
1717:Pollack 2017
1712:
1700:
1693:Pollack 2017
1688:
1681:Pollack 2017
1676:
1664:
1652:
1645:Graydon 1958
1640:
1633:Pollack 2017
1628:
1616:
1604:
1597:Pollack 2017
1582:Pollack 2017
1577:
1570:Pollack 2017
1565:
1558:Pollack 2017
1538:
1526:
1519:Pollack 2017
1514:
1507:Pollack 2017
1492:Pollack 2017
1487:
1480:Pollack 2017
1475:
1468:Pollack 2017
1463:
1456:Pollack 2017
1451:
1444:Pollack 2017
1439:
1432:Pollack 2017
1417:Pollack 2017
1412:
1405:Pollack 2017
1400:
1393:Pollack 2017
1388:
1381:Pollack 2017
1376:
1369:Pollack 2017
1364:
1357:Pollack 2017
1352:
1345:Pollack 2017
1340:
1333:Pollack 2017
1318:Pollack 2017
1313:
1306:Pollack 2017
1301:
1294:Pollack 2017
1289:
1282:Pollack 2017
1277:
1270:Pollack 2017
1265:
1258:Pollack 2017
1253:
1246:Pollack 2017
1241:
1234:Pollack 2017
1229:
1222:Pollack 2017
1217:
1210:Pollack 2017
1205:
1198:Pollack 2017
1193:
1181:
1174:Bradley 2000
1169:
1157:
1150:Barrett 1956
1145:
1133:
1121:
1109:
1102:Pollack 2017
1097:
1090:Pollack 2017
1085:
1078:Pollack 2017
1063:Sherman 1875
1058:
1051:Pollack 2017
1046:
1039:Pollack 2017
1034:
1027:Pollack 2017
1012:Pollack 2017
1007:
1000:Pollack 2017
995:
983:
976:Pollack 2017
971:
964:Pollack 2017
959:
952:Pollack 2017
947:
940:Pollack 2017
935:
923:
916:Pollack 2017
911:
904:Pollack 2017
899:
892:Pollack 2017
887:
875:
863:
858:, p. 5.
856:Pollack 2017
851:
844:Pollack 2017
839:
827:
820:Pollack 2017
815:
803:
796:Pollack 2017
776:
769:Pollack 2017
764:
757:Pollack 2017
752:
740:
728:
716:
709:Pollack 2017
704:
697:Pollack 2017
692:
685:Pollack 2017
680:
661:
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
603:
588:
578:
574:
572:
566:
562:
560:
556:Ben Holladay
551:
549:
544:
540:
535:
531:Julian Selby
528:
513:
511:
507:
499:Buitenenzorg
492:
481:
463:
458:
456:
452:Ben Holladay
449:
442:
424:
412:A free woman
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
370:
336:
328:
322:
319:
302:Wade Hampton
299:
292:
279:Fayetteville
276:
263:
259:
243:
222:
218:
201:
183:
179:
175:
159:
150:high society
138:Marie Boozer
137:
136:
23:Marie Boozer
2251:1908 deaths
2027:Memorabilia
1741:Elmore 2014
1705:Elmore 2014
1669:Elmore 2014
1621:Elmore 2014
1162:Elmore 2014
1114:Elmore 2014
880:Elmore 2014
832:Elmore 2014
808:Elmore 2014
781:Elmore 2014
721:Elmore 2014
272:Bentonville
234:Fort Fisher
198:collection.
171:War of 1812
2245:Categories
2116:0872499618
2036:B07DTJDLBM
1972:1570033587
1866:Sandlapper
1803:0807825654
1763:References
1657:Coker 1978
1531:Selby 1878
1126:Wells 1899
988:Lucas 2000
928:Selby 1905
745:Marie 1860
733:Marie 1850
585:Last years
295:Kilpatrick
283:Wilmington
142:antebellum
93:Occupation
2231:25 August
2181:25 August
1950:18 August
1912:16 August
1872:24 August
673:Citations
249:occupied
156:Parentage
2149:(2006).
2082:(2011).
2068:(1875).
2024:(1905).
2014:19840404
2004:(1878).
1818:(1981).
595:Florence
579:La Belle
503:Krakatoa
251:Columbia
128:Children
2058:1959923
1931:2391469
591:Tuscany
478:papers.
459:rebelle
439:papers.
109:Spouses
67:, Italy
65:Tuscany
2159:
2113:
2092:
2056:
2034:
2012:
1990:
1969:
1929:
1889:
1849:
1828:
1800:
1779:
484:Peking
421:files.
357:
350:
343:
332:
330:Boozer
315:
2206:
2191:
608:Notes
599:Duomo
519:Rouen
334:..."
146:Union
36:2017.
2233:2023
2183:2023
2157:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2090:ISBN
2054:OCLC
2032:ASIN
2010:OCLC
1988:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1952:2023
1927:OCLC
1914:2023
1887:ISBN
1874:2023
1847:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1777:ISBN
58:Died
49:1846
42:Born
539:. (
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