33:
159:. She treated her students like members of her own family, supporting them physically and spiritually. She moved through the wards, going wherever she was most needed, encouraging patients, and patiently teaching staff members. In her teaching, she stressed the importance of noninterference with the birth process unless it was absolutely essential and she opposed the use of forceps except in case of absolute necessity.
155:
improved the hospital care of patients. She taught students of midwifery modern techniques for performing a delivery, by demonstrating potential complications with a model and autopsying women who died in childbirth. Her methods kept disease very low in her hospital. One of her students was the accomplished midwife
79:, which she had learned from her mother, and she quickly became skilled. When she was 15, she performed her first delivery, in which there were complications, although both mother and baby survived thanks to Lachapelle's ministrations. Eight years later, in 1792, she married a surgeon who worked at the
188:
rates were quite successful, including her restrictions on visitors. Throughout her career, she delivered approximately 40,000 babies; this experience led her to begin writing a textbook on midwifery and obstetrics. Her greatest innovation lay in realizing the value of collecting statistics on great
115:
to direct the new normal school of midwifery and children's hospital La
Maternité which the Napoleonic government established at Port Royal. In order to be a part of the reforms, Lachapelle went to Heidelberg to study, and then returned to Paris, where she became head of the maternity and children's
176:
she quickly dilated the mouth of the uterus with tampons and extracted the infant by turning it, thus saving two lives. She also invented a method of deftly turning a face or oblique presentation so that the infant could be born with forceps, and of replacing a protruding arm or shoulder before it
91:
By the age of twelve, she was performing complicated deliveries, and at fifteen, she was able to perform single-handedly a version that was potentially fatal if handled incorrectly. Not only did she handle a difficult case but she saved both mother and child at the early age of fifteen. While her
154:
and
Lachapelle worked well together and developed a course of study for training midwives. After a year-long course, the students took a rigorous examination, and they would receive a diploma from the Ecole de Medicine if they passed. She also wrote many books as part of her teaching service and
83:. Between 1792 and 1795, she gave birth to a daughter and stopped working. After her husband's death three years after their marriage, she had to support herself and her daughter; so she worked again as a midwife. Her daughter then broke away from family tradition and became a nun.
207:, reducing Baudelocque's 94 positions to 22. She always insisted on minimum use of instruments. Her tables settled many questions still debated in obstetrics up to her time: average length of pregnancy, the average duration of labor; frequency of certain pelvic abnormalities, etc.
167:
Lachapelle is credited with several worthwhile innovations in patient care and midwives' training. It is known that she tried to exclude the hordes of observers from the delivery room, that she advised immediate repair of a torn
139:("The practice of deliveries; or chosen observations and memories on the most important points of the art"); the book was influential throughout the nineteenth century. In it, she opposed the use of
111:
Baudelocque realized the need for a systematically organized school for midwives. Because of
Lachapelle's medical experience and reputation, she was asked by the Minister of the Interior
75:, a prominent midwife, and Louis Dugès, a health official, on 1 January 1769. She was the granddaughter and daughter of midwives. She was an only child. Her mother taught her
645:
640:
180:
Lachapelle's work in birthing technique, hygiene, and education at La
Maternité comprised the majority of her career, where she worked alongside her friend Dr.
201:
Observations sur divers cas d'accouchements (rupture du vagin; présentation de la face; issue prématurée du cordon; accouchement précédé de convulsions
635:
100:. It was the premier obstetric hospital of its time and was renowned for its school of midwifery. During 1796 and 1797 she studied obstetrics under
655:
650:
184:, who was in charge of the theoretical part. Lachapelle also made strides in the hygiene practices of the hospital; her efforts to reduce
63:, long a standard obstetric text, which promoted natural deliveries. Lachapelle is generally regarded as the mother of modern obstetrics.
298:
550:
523:
494:
586:
625:
203:("Observations on various delivery cases"). In her three-volume treatise, she introduced an improved classification of
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Napoleon and the Woman
Question: Discourses of the Other Sex in French Education, Medicine, and Medical Law 1799–1815
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Annuaire nécrologique ou complément annuel et continuation de toutes les biographies ou dictionnaires historiques
195:
630:
96:, and Lachapelle assisted her as an associate chief midwife. The hospital served the poor and was supported by
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Pratique des accouchements; ou mémoires et observations choisies, sur les points les plus importants de l'art
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Pratique des accouchemens ou MĂ©moires et observations choisies, sur les points les plus importans de l'art
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on 4 October 1821 after a short illness, her book yet unfinished. The book was finished by her nephew
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in childbirth for most cases and advocated for minimal intervention by doctors during delivery.
55:. She published textbooks about women's bodies, gynecology, and obstetrics. She argued against
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519:
490:
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and furnished statistics for the members of the conseil d'administration des hospices.
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101:
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17:
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Mothers and
Daughters of Invention: Notes for a Revised History of Technology
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mother was still alive, Lachapelle had reorganized the maternity ward at the
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591:
Biographies des sages-femmes célèbres anciennes, modernes et contemporaines
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She also wrote articles recording her observations for the periodical
43:(1 January 1769 – 4 October 1821) was a French midwife, head of
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Annuaire médico-chirurgical des hopitaux et hospices civils de Paris
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31:
135:, also an obstetrician, who published it in 1825 under the title
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254:Doctor of medicine degree from a German university
542:The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science
481:Alic, Margaret (1999), Proffitt, Pamela (ed.),
124:, an offshoot of the HĂ´tel-Dieu at Port Royal.
593:(in French), Paris: Trinquart, pp. 97–106
515:International Encyclopedia of Women Scientists
336:
8:
291:History of Women in Science for Young People
36:Portrait of Marie-Louise Lachapelle in 1814
189:numbers of cases. She also published five
587:"Lachapelle (Marie-Louise Dugès, veuve)"
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276:
463:
269:
429:
428:June K. Burton casts that into doubt:
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368:
7:
646:19th-century French women scientists
641:18th-century French women scientists
446:
104:, She was teaching beside professor
27:18th and 19th-century French midwife
223:(in French). Paris: J.B. Baillière.
25:
483:"Marie-Louise (Dugès) Lachapelle"
217:Lachapelle, Marie-Louise (1821).
289:Epstein, Vivian Sheldon (1995).
71:Lachapelle was born in Paris to
636:Health professionals from Paris
293:. V S E Publisher. p. 35.
656:19th-century French scientists
651:18th-century French scientists
1:
507:, Texas Tech University Press
237:; Retrieved 6 February 2013.)
512:Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2002),
243:Annuaire Medico-Chirurgical
196:Annuaire MĂ©dico-Chirurgical
672:
563:, Rutgers University Press
116:hospital at a newly built
61:Pratique des accouchements
392:, Paris, Ponthieu, 1822,
348:Mahul says 11 and a half.
337:Ogilvie & Harvey 2000
51:, the oldest hospital in
585:Delacoux, AloĂŻs (1833),
559:Stanley, Autumn (1995),
487:Notable Women Scientists
573:, Paris: Crochard, 1819
122:Hospice de la Maternité
41:Marie-Louise Lachapelle
182:Jean-Louis Baudelocque
152:Jean-Louis Baudelocque
106:Jean-Louis Baudelocque
37:
503:Burton, June (2007),
35:
626:French obstetricians
449:, pp. 306–307.
279:, pp. 97, 105.
172:, that in cases of
133:Antoine Louis Dugès
127:Lachapelle died of
108:at the HĂ´tel-Dieu.
98:Notre Dame de Paris
81:HĂ´pital Saint-Louis
57:forceps deliveries
38:
518:, Facts On File,
118:teaching hospital
16:(Redirected from
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533:Ogilvie, Marilyn
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193:in 1819, in the
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18:Marie LaChapelle
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205:fetal positions
186:child mortality
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489:, Gale Group,
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472:
469:
468:
466:, p. 234.
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421:
398:
373:
371:, p. 208.
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300:978-0960100279
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191:case histories
177:was too late.
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129:stomach cancer
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464:Stanley 1995
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211:Publications
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163:Contribution
157:Marie Boivin
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70:
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40:
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621:1821 deaths
616:1769 births
537:Harvey, Joy
430:Burton 2007
417:Burton 2007
73:Marie Jonet
610:Categories
597:7 February
577:6 February
474:References
369:Oakes 2002
94:HĂ´tel-Dieu
59:and wrote
49:HĂ´tel-Dieu
45:obstetrics
447:Alic 1999
381:Mahul, A.
264:Citations
77:midwifery
539:(2000),
235:volume 3
231:volume 2
227:volume 1
170:perineum
147:Teaching
259:Sources
141:forceps
113:Chaptal
47:at the
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522:
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394:p. 229
390:vol. 2
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249:Honors
87:Career
53:Paris
599:2013
579:2013
547:ISBN
520:ISBN
491:ISBN
295:ISBN
67:Life
388:,
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589:,
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485:,
454:^
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225:(
20:)
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