Stomach cancer - Knowledge (XXG)

1436: 1139: 1155: 1329: 1613: 1199: 1063: 1740:, a test using an endoscope to examine the stomach, is a useful diagnostic tool that can also take samples of the suspected mass for histopathological analysis to confirm or rule out cancer. The most definitive method of cancer diagnosis is through open surgical biopsy. Most stomach tumors are malignant with evidence of spread to lymph nodes or liver, making treatment difficult. Except for lymphoma, surgery is the most frequent treatment option for stomach cancers but it is associated with significant risks. 558:(which may also be present in other related or unrelated disorders) in its early stages. By the time symptoms are recognized, the cancer has often reached an advanced stage (see below) and may have metastasized (spread to other, perhaps distant, parts of the body), which is one of the main reasons for its relatively poor prognosis. Stomach cancer can cause the following signs and symptoms: Unexplained nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation. Patients also can experience unexplained weight loss. 1175: 1714:

a registry system for all countries. Variation as drastic as estimated rates from 0.3/100000 in Botswana to 20.3/100000 in Mali have been observed. In Uganda, the incidence of gastric cancer has increased from the 1960s measurement of 0.8/100000 to 5.6/100000. Gastric cancer, though present, is relatively low when compared to countries with high incidence like Japan and China. One suspected cause of the variation within Africa and between other countries is due to different strains of the

804:(GERD). The exact mechanism by which obesity causes GERD is not completely known. Studies hypothesize that increased dietary fat leading to increased pressure on the stomach and the lower esophageal sphincter, due to excess adipose tissue, could play a role, yet no statistically significant data have been collected. However, the risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, with GERD present, has been found to increase more than two times for an obese person. There is a correlation between 42: 1448:

as dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis. Construction of a "pouch", which serves as a "stomach substitute", reduced the incidence of dumping syndrome and reflux esophagitis by 73% and 63% respectively, and led to improvements in quality-of-life, nutritional outcomes, and body mass index. Proximal gastrectomy (PG) can be considered a viable alternative for upper third early gastric cancer (EGC) Of the different surgical techniques,

1097:. Intestinal type adenocarcinoma tumour cells describe irregular tubular structures, harbouring pluristratification, multiple lumens, reduced stroma ("back to back" aspect). Often, it associates intestinal metaplasia in neighbouring mucosa. Depending on glandular architecture, cellular pleomorphism and mucosecretion, adenocarcinoma may present 3 degrees of differentiation: well, moderate and poorly differentiated. 511: 846:

the same mutation. Diagnosis of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer usually takes place when at least two cases involving a family member, such as a parent or grandparent, are diagnosed, with at least one diagnosed before the age of 50. The diagnosis can also be made if at least three cases occur in the family, in which case age is not considered.

531: 1456:) that was pioneered in Japan and is available in the United States at some centers. In EMR, the tumor, together with the inner lining of stomach (mucosa), is removed from the wall of the stomach using an electrical wire loop through the endoscope. The advantage is that it is a much smaller operation than removing the stomach. 1477:. Unfortunately, stomach cancer has not been particularly sensitive to these drugs, and chemotherapy, if used, has usually served to palliatively reduce the size of the tumor, relieve symptoms of the disease, and increase survival time. Some drugs used in stomach cancer treatment have included: fluorouracil or its analog 1505:, often using drugs in various combinations. The relative benefits of these different drugs, alone and in combination, are unclear. Clinical researchers are exploring the benefits of giving chemotherapy before surgery to shrink the tumor, or as adjuvant therapy after surgery to destroy remaining cancer cells. 1686:

In 2012, stomach cancer was the fifth most-common cancer with 952,000 cases diagnosed. It is more common both in men and in developing countries. In 2012, it represented 8.5% of cancer cases in men, making it the fourth most-common cancer in men. Also in 2012, the number of deaths was 700,000, having

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found low-quality evidence of no difference in short-term mortality between laparoscopic and open gastrectomy (removal of stomach), and that benefits or harms of laparoscopic gastrectomy cannot be ruled out. Post-operatively, up to 70% of people undergoing total gastrectomy develop complications such

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Incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer vary greatly in Africa. The GLOBOCAN system is currently the most widely used method to compare these rates between countries, but African incidence and mortality rates are seen to differ among countries, possibly due to the lack of universal access to

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The prognosis of stomach cancer is generally poor, because the tumor has often metastasized by the time of discovery, and most people with the condition are elderly (median age is between 70 and 75 years) at presentation. The average life expectancy after being diagnosed is around 24 months, and the

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Those with metastatic disease at the time of presentation may receive palliative surgery, and while it remains controversial, due to the possibility of complications from the surgery itself and because it may delay chemotherapy, the data so far are mostly positive, with improved survival rates being

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infection increases the risk for gastric cancer, but this is not the case in Africa, giving this phenomenon the name the "African enigma". Although this bacterial species is found in Africa, evidence has supported that different strains with mutations in the bacterial genotype may contribute to the

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Sequence of 123-iodine human scintiscans after an intravenous injection: (from left) after 30 minutes, 20 hours, and 48 hours - a high and rapid concentration of radio-iodine is evident in gastric mucosa of the stomach, in salivary glands, oral mucosa, and the periencephalic and cerebrospinal fluid

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Various gastroscopic modalities have been developed to increase yield of detected mucosa with a dye that accentuates the cell structure and can identify areas of dysplasia. Endocytoscopy involves ultra-high magnification to visualise cellular structure to better determine areas of dysplasia. Other

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gene, which codes for E-cadherin, lies on the 16th chromosome. When the gene experiences a particular mutation, gastric cancer develops through a mechanism that is not fully understood. This mutation is considered autosomal dominant, meaning that half of a carrier's children will likely experience

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tract that holds food and begins the digestive process by secreting gastric juice. The most common cancers of the stomach are adenocarcinomas, but other histological types have been reported. Signs vary, but may include vomiting (especially if blood is present), weight loss, anemia, and lack of

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In 2018, stomach cancer was the fifth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, representing 5.7% of all cancer cases, and the third leading cause of death from cancers, being responsible for 8.2% of all cancer deaths. Among men, 683 754 cases were diagnosed, accounting for 7.2% of all cancer

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Globally, stomach cancer is the fifth-leading type of cancer and the third-leading cause of death from cancer, making up 7% of cases and 9% of deaths. In 2018, it newly occurred in 1.03 million people and caused 783,000 deaths. Before the 1930s, it was a leading cause of cancer deaths in the

1210:, or find out the extent of the disease. Various tests determine whether the cancer has spread, and if so, what parts of the body are affected. Because stomach cancer can spread to the liver, pancreas, and other organs near the stomach, as well as to the lungs, the doctor may order a 2678:

Al-Azri M, Al-Kindi J, Al-Harthi T, Al-Dahri M, Panchatcharam SM, Al-Maniri A (June 2019). "Awareness of Stomach and Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors, Symptoms and Time Taken to Seek Medical Help Among Public Attending Primary Care Setting in Muscat Governorate, Oman".

490:, however rates have sharply declined among younger generations in the West, while they remain high for people living in East Asia. The decline in the West is believed to be due to the decline of salted and pickled food consumption, as a result of the development of 481:

in the Western world for advanced cases. This is largely because most people with the condition present with advanced disease. In the United States, five-year survival is 31.5%, while in South Korea it is over 65% and Japan over 70%, partly due to screening efforts.

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to other organs. A cure is very rarely possible at this stage. Some other techniques to prolong life or improve symptoms are used, including laser treatment, surgery, and/or stents to keep the digestive tract open, and chemotherapy by drugs such as 5-fluorouracil,

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Almost 300 genes are related to outcomes in stomach cancer, with both unfavorable genes where high expression is related to poor survival and favorable genes where high expression is associated with longer survival times. Examples of poor prognosis genes include

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is a similar technique pioneered in Japan, used to resect a large area of mucosa in one piece. If the pathologic examination of the resected specimen shows incomplete resection or deep invasion by tumor, the patient would need a formal stomach resection.

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or CT scanning of the abdomen may reveal gastric cancer. It is more useful to determine invasion into adjacent tissues or the presence of spread to local lymph nodes. Wall thickening of more than 1 cm that is focal, eccentric, and enhancing favours

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Smoking increases the risk of developing gastric cancer significantly, from 40% increased risk for current smokers to 82% increase for heavy smokers. Gastric cancers due to smoking mostly occur in the upper part of the stomach near the esophagus.

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difference in cancer development between African countries and others outside the continent. Increasing access to health care and treatment measures have been commonly associated with the rising incidence, though, particularly in Uganda.

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Cancer of the stomach is difficult to cure unless it is found at an early stage (before it has begun to spread). Unfortunately, because early stomach cancer causes few symptoms, the disease is usually advanced when the diagnosis is made.

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In the United Kingdom, stomach cancer is the 15th most-common cancer (around 7,100 people were diagnosed with stomach cancer in 2011), and it is the 10th most-common cause of cancer-related deaths (around 4,800 people died in 2012).

1285:– Penetration to the third layer and more distant lymph nodes, or penetration to the fourth layer and either nearby tissues or nearby or more distant lymph nodes, it is treated as for stage II; a cure is still possible in some cases. 882:

Heavy metals, such as arsenic, are commonly found in groundwater and have been linked to gastric cancers. There is a positive and significant relationship between arsenic concentration in groundwater and gastric cancer mortality.

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Ezzeddini R, Somi MH, Taghikhani M, Moaddab SY, Masnadi Shirazi K, Shirmohammadi M, et al. (February 2021). "Association of Foxp3 rs3761548 polymorphism with cytokines concentration in gastric adenocarcinoma patients".

1138: 1347:, patients were diagnosed 7% in stage I, 17% in stage II, and 28% in stage III. A Minnesota population was diagnosed 10% in stage I, 13% in stage II, and 18% in stage III. However, in a high-risk population in the 1105:

or leather-bottle stomach) tumour cells are discohesive and secrete mucus, which is delivered in the interstitium, producing large pools of mucus/colloid (optically "empty" spaces). It is poorly differentiated. In

1275:– Penetration to the second layer and more distant lymph nodes, or the third layer and only nearby lymph nodes, or all four layers but not the lymph nodes, it is treated as for stage I, sometimes with additional 3089: 1701:

In 2014, stomach cancer resulted in 0.61% of deaths (13,303 cases) in the United States. In China, stomach cancer accounted for 3.56% of all deaths (324,439 cases). The highest rate of stomach cancer was in

1035:, is associated with intra-abdominal cancers such as gastric cancer. Other cutaneous manifestations of gastric cancer include "tripe palms" (a similar darkening hyperplasia of the skin of the palms) and the 941:

To find the cause of symptoms, the doctor asks about the patient's medical history, does a physical examination, and may order laboratory studies. The patient may also have one or all of these exams:

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examination under a microscope to check for the presence of cancerous cells. A biopsy, with subsequent histological analysis, is the only sure way to confirm the presence of cancer cells.

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Scartozzi M, Galizia E, Verdecchia L, Berardi R, Antognoli S, Chiorrini S, et al. (April 2007). "Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: across the years for a standard of care".

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Staging may not be complete until after surgery. The surgeon removes nearby lymph nodes and possibly samples of tissue from other areas in the abdomen for examination by a pathologist.

2722: 7390: 5154:"Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy to prevent gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic infected individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials" 6797: 4619:

Inoue H, Kudo SE, Shiokawa A (January 2005). "Technology insight: Laser-scanning confocal microscopy and endocytoscopy for cellular observation of the gastrointestinal tract".

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appetite. Bowel movements may be dark and tarry in nature. To determine whether cancer is present in the stomach, special X-rays and/or abdominal ultrasounds may be performed.

2370:"Targeting the Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Compartment for Inducing Responsiveness to Immune Checkpoint Blockade Is Best Limited to Specific Subtypes of Gastric Cancers" 738: 4519:

Amal H, Leja M, Funka K, Skapars R, Sivins A, Ancans G, et al. (March 2016). "Detection of precancerous gastric lesions and gastric cancer through exhaled breath".

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Paterson HM, McCole D, Auld CD (May 2006). "Impact of open-access endoscopy on detection of early oesophageal and gastric cancer 1994 - 2003: population-based study".

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Pentenero M, Carrozzo M, Pagano M, Gandolfo S (July 2004). "Oral acanthosis nigricans, tripe palms and sign of leser-trélat in a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma".

1174: 742:(left). In the thyroid gland, I-concentration is more progressive, also in the reservoir (from 1% after 30 minutes to 5.8% after 48 hours, of the total injected dose). 5712:

Narayan R, Kim J, Park DJ (2024). "Robotic-assisted proximal gastrectomy with a laparoscopic-assisted double-tract reconstruction for proximal early gastric cancer".

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Syn NL, Wee I, Shabbir A, Kim G, So JB (December 2018). "Pouch Versus No Pouch Following Total gastrectomy: Meta-analysis of Randomized and Non-randomized Studies".

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Lim JS, Yun MJ, Kim MJ, Hyung WJ, Park MS, Choi JY, et al. (2006). "CT and PET in stomach cancer: preoperative staging and monitoring of response to therapy".

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Qin J, Liu M, Ding Q, Ji X, Hao Y, Wu X, et al. (October 2014). "The direct effect of estrogen on cell viability and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells".

1435: 7353: 3625:"Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and risk of gastric adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study" 3126: 1698:

Less than 5% of stomach cancers occur in people under 40 years of age, with 81.1% of that 5% in the age-group of 30 to 39 and 18.9% in the age-group of 20 to 29.

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supplementation did not find supporting evidence and possibly worse outcomes. Modern technology is used to promote early diagnosis, e.g. based on serum markers.

3869: 6136:"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" 7028: 6202:"PRESS RELEASE N° 224 Global battle against cancer won't be won with treatment alone: Effective prevention measures urgently needed to prevent cancer crisis" 1799: 1243:– Limited to the inner lining of the stomach, it is treatable by endoscopic mucosal resection when found very early (in routine screenings), or otherwise by 7554: 5741:"Clinical significance of palliative gastrectomy on the survival of patients with incurable advanced gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 6338: 3761:

Josefssson M, Ekblad E (2009). "22. Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) in Gastric Mucosa: Gastric Iodide Secretion". In Preedy VR, Burrow GN, Watson R (eds.).

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Hampel H, Abraham NS, El-Serag HB (August 2005). "Meta-analysis: obesity and the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications".

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Venturi S, Donati FM, Venturi A, Venturi M (August 2000). "Environmental iodine deficiency: A challenge to the evolution of terrestrial life?".

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intake are associated with a lower risk of stomach cancer. A Mediterranean diet is associated with lower rates of stomach cancer, as is regular

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Dietary factors are not proven causes, and the association between stomach cancer and various foods and beverages is weak. Some foods including

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Pretz JL, Wo JY, Mamon HJ, Kachnic LA, Hong TS (July 2013). "Chemoradiation therapy: localized esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer".

3994:"Germline E-cadherin mutations in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: assessment of 42 new families and review of genetic screening criteria" 2729: 1328: 7659: 7578: 5783: 4043:"The association of arsenic exposure with mortality due to cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's and congenital anomalies using Poisson regression" 2940: 1545:

overexpression in gastric neoplasia is heterogeneous and comprises a minority of tumor cells (less than 10% of gastric cancers overexpress

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Obesity is a physical risk factor that has been found to increase the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma by contributing to the development of

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in those who are infected decreases the risk of stomach cancer. A 2014 meta-analysis of observational studies found that a diet high in

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and carbohydrate antigen may be ordered, as their levels correlate to extent of metastasis, especially to the liver, and the cure rate.

6268: 4241:"Gastric-and-intestinal mixed-type intestinal metaplasia: aberrant expression of transcription factors and stem cell intestinalization" 3197: 3180: 7544: 2462:

Stewart BW, Wild C, et al. (International Agency for Research on Cancer) (2014). "1.1 The global and regional burden of cancer".

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changes involved in stomach cancer. A very small percentage of diffuse-type gastric cancers (see Histopathology below) arise from an

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decreases the future risk. If stomach cancer is treated early, it can be cured. Treatments may include some combination of surgery,

413: 1198: 1062: 3512:"Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence" 7186: 5301:

Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Simonetti RG, Gluud C (July 2008). "Antioxidant supplements for preventing gastrointestinal cancers".

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Rahmani A, Khamutian S, Doosti-Irani A, Shokoohizadeh MJ, Shirmohammadi-Khorram N, Sahraeei F, et al. (19 September 2023).

7618: 7455: 7430: 5244:"Vitamin intake reduce the risk of gastric cancer: meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized and observational studies" 801: 4721: 2814: 2226: 737: 7549: 7519: 7470: 7465: 7420: 7405: 7288: 7091: 7048: 7019: 6088: 1077:

is a malignant epithelial tumour, originating from glandular epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Stomach cancers are about 90%

6999: 4991: 7593: 7425: 1122: 1118: 7623: 7534: 7445: 7317: 6991: 6904: 6814: 3364:"Association of Fried Food Intake with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies" 2489:"Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries" 2171:"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries" 1449: 1013: 977:-style breath test intended to diagnose stomach cancer by analyzing exhaled chemicals without the need for an intrusive 3122: 7514: 7477: 7460: 7257: 7033: 7009: 5442:

Wadhwa R, Taketa T, Sudo K, Blum MA, Ajani JA (June 2013). "Modern oncological approaches to gastric adenocarcinoma".

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Thrumurthy SG, Chaudry MA, Hochhauser D, Mughal M (November 2013). "The diagnosis and management of gastric cancer".

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testing, particularly in small samples such as biopsies, requiring the evaluation of more than one bioptic sample.

1161: 1107: 1085:): intestinal type or diffuse type. Adenocarcinomas tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the 7583: 7181: 7110: 6806: 6767: 6742: 3970: 3893:"Association of polymorphisms in TP53 and the promoter region of IL10 with gastric cancer in a Kazakh population" 6529:"Gastrointestinal neoplasia: carcinogenic interaction between bile acids and Helicobacter pylori in the stomach" 5334:"Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases" 4564:"Volatile organic compounds as a potential screening tool for neoplasm of the digestive system: a meta-analysis" 2004: 1683:

cases, and among women, stomach cancer was diagnosed in 349 947 cases, accounting for 4.1% of all cancer cases.

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Kulmambetova G, Shtefanov I, Aitkulova A, Imanbekova M, Iskakova A, Makishev A, et al. (November 2020).

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Chandanos E, Lagergren J (November 2008). "Oestrogen and the enigmatic male predominance of gastric cancer".

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Stathis A, Bertoni F, Zucca E (September 2010). "Treatment of gastric marginal zone lymphoma of MALT type".

478: 265: 5479:"Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopy-assisted and open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer" 1082: 701: 7608: 7415: 7395: 7385: 7163: 6951: 6913: 6823: 6282: 4738:

Parsonnet J, Friedman GD, Vandersteen DP, Chang Y, Vogelman JH, Orentreich N, et al. (October 1991).

4326:"The relationship between gastric cancer, its precancerous lesions and bile reflux: A retrospective study" 3090:"Developing a vaccine for the Epstein–Barr Virus could prevent up to 200,000 cancers globally say experts" 1687:

decreased slightly from 774,000 in 1990, making it the third-leading cause of cancer-related death (after

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infection, the virulence genotypes of the infecting strain and gastric cancer in the African setting".

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in more than 5% of tumor cells). Hence, this heterogeneous expression should be taken into account for

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Gastric cancer can occur as a result of many factors. It occurs twice as commonly in males as females.

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are other risk factors. About 10% of cases run in families, and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to

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Buckland G, Agudo A, Luján L, Jakszyn P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Palli D, et al. (February 2010).

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Louw JA, Kidd MS, Kummer AF, Taylor K, Kotze U, Hanslo D (December 2001). "The relationship between

5848:"HER2 in gastric cancer: a digital image analysis in pre-neoplastic, primary and metastatic lesions" 5393:"Gastric Cancer Pre-Stage Detection and Early Diagnosis of Gastritis Using Serum Protein Signatures" 2059:

Orditura M, Galizia G, Sforza V, Gambardella V, Fabozzi A, Laterza MM, et al. (February 2014).

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infection and germline pathogenic variants in homologous-recombination genes. It was estimated that

569:). However, fewer than one in every 50 people referred for endoscopy due to indigestion has cancer. 6663: 5054:"Survival trends in patients with gastric and esophageal adenocarcinomas: a population-based study" 4876:

Qu Q, Xuan W, Fan GH (January 2015). "Roles of resolvins in the resolution of acute inflammation".

4449:"A nanomaterial-based breath test for distinguishing gastric cancer from benign gastric conditions" 1753: 1110:, the mucus remains inside the tumour cell and pushes the nucleus to the periphery, giving rise to 1020: 961: 676: 449: 447:

lowers the risk of stomach cancer, as does not smoking. Tentative evidence indicates that treating

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Fusco N, Rocco EG, Del Conte C, Pellegrini C, Bulfamante G, Di Nuovo F, et al. (June 2013).

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Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects

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Initiative for Vaccine Research team of the Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals

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Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, et al. (4 April 2024).

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infection is an essential risk factor in 65–80% of gastric cancers, but only 2% of people with

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was associated with a lower risk of stomach cancer in the Korean population. Low doses of

1372: 1262: 1248: 1078: 955: 871: 759: 546:. Left above: normal, right above: FICE, left low: acetate stained, right low: AIM stained 470: 425: 416:. Most of the time, stomach cancer develops in stages over years. Diagnosis is usually by 406: 314: 5922:

Uhlen M, Zhang C, Lee S, Sjöstedt E, Fagerberg L, Bidkhori G, et al. (August 2017).

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About 10% of cases run in families, and between 1 and 3% of cases are due to

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Gastric cancers that have enlarged and invaded normal tissue can cause

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In 2013, Chinese and Israeli scientists reported a successful

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This tissue is then sent to a 929:In a human retrospective study, 922:development through influencing 604:. Further enlargement may cause 53:that was diagnosed as cancer on 6283:"Health profile: United States" 4833:Disease Models & Mechanisms 3185:International Journal of Cancer 2566:Handbook of cancer chemotherapy 1027:of the skin, frequently of the 853:is leading efforts to identify 802:gastroesophageal reflux disease 550:Stomach cancer is often either 357:, among others. The cancer may 7289:Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm 7092:Gastrointestinal stromal tumor 7049:Familial adenomatous polyposis 5635:10.1002/14651858.CD011389.pub2 5572:Cancer Management and Research 5350:10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2 5311:10.1002/14651858.CD004183.pub3 3827:Advances in Clinical Pathology 3765:. Elsevier. pp. 215–220. 2337:10.1002/14651858.cd004064.pub4 1123:diffuse large B-cell lymphomas 1: 7097:Krukenberg tumor (metastatic) 6152:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 5220:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.19.8509 2596:. Author House. p. 339. 2466:. World Health Organization. 2279:Sim F, McKee M, eds. (2011). 2061:"Treatment of gastric cancer" 1892:Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1131:and stromal tumors may occur. 7318:Primary peritoneal carcinoma 6992:traditional serrated adenoma 5683:10.1097/sla.0000000000003082 5269:10.1371/journal.pone.0116060 2822:Archives of Iranian Medicine 2747:"Symptoms of stomach cancer" 2430:10.1517/14656566.2010.497141 2387:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.03.047 1450:endoscopic mucosal resection 1050:to check for anaemia, and a 1014:optical coherence tomography 696:, or an interaction between 592:of the stomach after meals, 7660:Infectious causes of cancer 7258:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma 6361:"Stomach cancer statistics" 4994:. American Cancer Society. 4785:Pathologic Basis of Disease 4761:10.1056/NEJM199110173251603 4416:10.1102/1470-7330.2012.0031 3998:Journal of Medical Genetics 3862:"Hereditary Diffuse Cancer" 3720:Annals of Internal Medicine 3473:Current Medicinal Chemistry 3125:. American Cancer Society. 2681:Journal of Cancer Education 2627:. Kluwer Academic. p. 1108:signet ring cell carcinomas 891:Other risk factors include 624:) and sometimes leading to 7678: 7274:Serous microcystic adenoma 6869:Signet ring cell carcinoma 6807:Digestive system neoplasia 5865:10.1038/modpathol.2012.228 4878:Cell Biology International 4588:10.1038/s41598-021-02906-8 4533:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308536 4496:Paddock C (6 March 2013). 4295:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155351 4067:10.1038/s41598-023-42744-4 3800:10.2174/187231311796765012 3319:Annual Review of Nutrition 2876:10.1016/j.ejca.2008.07.031 2864:European Journal of Cancer 2782:10.1007/s11864-021-00829-0 2219:"Stomach (Gastric) Cancer" 1202:T stages of stomach cancer 1162:signet ring cell carcinoma 692:virulence factors such as 270:< 10% (advanced cases), 7182:Focal nodular hyperplasia 6768:National Cancer Institute 6209:World Health Organization 5542:10.1016/j.soc.2013.02.005 5456:10.1016/j.gtc.2013.01.011 5410:10.3390/molecules27092857 4972:Slowik G (October 2009). 4453:British Journal of Cancer 4258:10.1007/s10120-006-0375-6 4217:10.3349/ymj.2004.45.3.555 3292:10.1089/10507250050137851 2911:10.1007/s11010-014-2115-2 2693:10.1007/s13187-017-1266-8 2539:Cancer and its management 1513:Recently, treatment with 1493:(Adriamycin), as well as 632:suggests a tumour in the 438:screen for stomach cancer 48: 39: 7562:Motor vehicle collisions 7284:Mucinous cystic neoplasm 7134:Hepatocellular carcinoma 6988:sessile serrated adenoma 6416:10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3875 6120:World Cancer Report 2014 6058:10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74 5981:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4620 5814:10.1517/14656566.8.6.797 5761:10.1186/1471-2407-13-577 5496:10.3748/wjg.v19.i32.5365 5340:(Submitted manuscript). 3909:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4761 3788:Current Chemical Biology 3529:10.3748/wjg.v12.i27.4296 3485:10.2174/0929867023370743 2464:World Cancer Report 2014 1865:World Cancer Report 2014 1277:neoadjuvant chemotherapy 1269:) and radiation therapy. 1228:carcinoembryonic antigen 565:or a burning sensation ( 329:, upper abdominal pain, 7323:Peritoneal mesothelioma 7072:Squamous cell carcinoma 6841:Squamous cell carcinoma 6309:"Health profile: China" 5941:10.1126/science.aan2507 5058:Mayo Clinic Proceedings 4342:10.1111/1751-2980.12858 4125:10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1701 4010:10.1136/jmg.2004.018275 3642:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28209 2282:Issues in public health 2078:10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1635 1052:fecal occult blood test 479:five-year survival rate 305:that develops from the 266:Five-year survival rate 7411:Cardiovascular disease 7164:Hepatocellular adenoma 6952:Pseudomyxoma peritonei 4633:10.1038/ncpgasthep0072 4204:Yonsei Medical Journal 3686:10.3748/wjg.v12.i3.354 2655:. Cancer Research UK. 1862:"5.4 Stomach Cancer". 1679: 1440: 1333: 1203: 1067: 743: 596:in the upper abdomen, 547: 527: 424:. This is followed by 57:and surgically removed 7589:Risky sexual behavior 7373:of medical conditions 6161:10536/DRO/DU:30050819 5023:10.1055/s-2006-925124 3866:No Stomach for Cancer 3060:10.1056/NEJMoa2211807 2971:and gastric cancer... 1615: 1535:gene. In particular, 1438: 1331: 1220:endoscopic ultrasound 1201: 1182:intestinal metaplasia 1083:Lauren classification 1065: 909:intestinal metaplasia 740: 533: 513: 375:lining of the abdomen 351:difficulty swallowing 307:lining of the stomach 272:32% (US), 71% (Japan) 144:difficulty swallowing 7579:Periodontal diseases 7169:Cavernous hemangioma 7020:Familial adenomatous 7007:Polyposis syndromes: 6502:. In Vail DM (ed.). 5909:www.proteinatlas.org 4933:10.1148/rg.261055078 4500:. Medical News Today 2843:on 18 September 2020 2753:. 17 September 2018. 2011:. 27 February 2014. 1904:10.1128/CMR.00012-10 1497:, and more recently 1391:, especially from a 1048:complete blood count 1041:seborrheic keratoses 1033:acanthosis nigricans 1031:and groin, known as 1021:cutaneous conditions 808:and gastric cancer. 571:Abdominal discomfort 556:nonspecific symptoms 514:Endoscopic image of 467:cancer immunotherapy 169:Gastric carcinomas, 6498:Withrow SJ (2013). 6453:Helicobacter pylori 6243:Rev. Bras. Cancerol 6211:. 3 February 2014. 6146:(9859): 2095–2128. 5585:10.2147/CMAR.S12698 5260:2014PLoSO...9k6060K 5120:10.3748/wjg.15.1854 4742:Helicobacter pylori 4580:2021NatSR..1123716W 4465:10.1038/bjc.2013.44 4059:2023NatSR..1315456R 3044:Helicobacter pylori 2969:Helicobacter pylori 2735:on 13 October 2012. 1754:Helicobacter pylori 962:Computed tomography 905:Menetrier's disease 899:, chronic atrophic 677:Helicobacter pylori 390:Helicobacter pylori 186:Helicobacter pylori 7545:Metabolic syndrome 7229:Gallbladder cancer 7211:Cholangiocarcinoma 7151:Liver angiosarcoma 7085:Upper and/or lower 7034:Serrated polyposis 6771:. 14 October 2022. 6712:External resources 6365:Cancer Research UK 6093:WHO Online Q&A 5934:(6352): eaan2507. 5070:10.4065/83.10.1087 4890:10.1002/cbin.10345 4845:10.1242/dmm.027649 4568:Scientific Reports 4047:Scientific Reports 3499:on 6 October 2011. 3381:10.3390/nu15132982 3094:Cancer Research UK 2590:Knight JA (2010). 2506:10.3322/caac.21492 2248:Ruddon RW (2007). 2188:10.3322/caac.21834 1962:(Suppl 1): 34–38. 1680: 1441: 1338:TNM staging system 1334: 1204: 1095:muscularis propria 1087:muscularis mucosae 1068: 998:gastroenterologist 776:pickled vegetables 744: 725:Some studies show 702:Epstein–Barr virus 618:blood in the stool 548: 528: 506:Signs and symptoms 445:Mediterranean diet 399:pickled vegetables 355:blood in the stool 323:mesenchymal tumors 234:Mediterranean diet 204:pickled vegetables 149:blood in the stool 7632: 7631: 7619:Teenage pregnancy 7505:Domestic violence 7500:Diabetes mellitus 7336: 7335: 7304: 7303: 7296:Pancreatoblastoma 7248:exocrine pancreas 7105: 7104: 7080: 7079: 6899: 6898: 6864:Gastric carcinoma 6757: 6756: 6594:10.1172/JCI147822 6545:10.1172/JCI160194 6513:978-0-323-24197-7 6409:(14): 3875–3879. 6025:978-92-4-000129-9 5726:10.24296/jomi/427 5671:Annals of Surgery 5489:(32): 5365–5376. 5213:(19): 8509–8519. 5170:10.1136/bmj.g3174 5113:(15): 1854–1862. 5064:(10): 1087–1094. 4976:. ehealthmd.com. 4794:978-1-4160-3121-5 4754:(16): 1127–1131. 4176:10.1159/000342988 4163:Digestive Surgery 3772:978-0-12-374135-6 3582:10.1002/ijc.33134 3576:(11): 3090–3101. 3522:(27): 4296–4303. 3436:10.1002/ijc.32707 3249:10.1136/bmj.f6367 3096:. 24 March 2014. 3054:(13): 1181–1190. 2870:(16): 2397–2403. 2638:978-0-306-47885-7 2603:978-1-4520-6722-3 2576:978-1-60831-782-0 2549:978-1-4443-0637-8 2473:978-92-832-0429-9 2424:(13): 2141–2152. 2292:978-0-335-24422-5 2261:978-0-19-517543-1 1969:10.1111/hel.12082 1798:. 17 April 2014. 1562:Radiation therapy 1417:radiation therapy 1349:Valdivia Province 1112:signet-ring cells 1037:Leser-Trelat sign 981:. A larger-scale 946:Gastroscopic exam 897:pernicious anemia 818:genetic syndromes 806:iodine deficiency 544:signet ring cells 459:radiation therapy 407:genetic syndromes 292: 291: 250:radiation therapy 215:Diagnostic method 175:mesenchymal tumor 21:Medical condition 7667: 7550:Mental disorders 7363: 7356: 7349: 7340: 7116: 7015:MUTYH-associated 7000:Cronkhite–Canada 6971:Colorectal polyp 6910: 6886:Linitis plastica 6874:Gastric lymphoma 6829: 6820: 6800: 6793: 6786: 6777: 6772: 6628: 6616: 6615: 6605: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6556: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6448: 6439: 6438: 6428: 6418: 6394: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6337:. Le Duc Media. 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6311:. Le Duc Media. 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6294: 6285:. Le Duc Media. 6279: 6273: 6272: 6258: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6206: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6173: 6163: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6060: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6012: 6003: 6002: 5992: 5960: 5954: 5953: 5943: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5901: 5895: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5867: 5852:Modern Pathology 5843: 5834: 5833: 5797: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5773: 5763: 5745: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5677:(6): 1041–1053. 5666: 5657: 5656: 5646: 5614: 5608: 5607: 5597: 5587: 5563: 5554: 5553: 5525: 5519: 5518: 5508: 5498: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5422: 5412: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5371: 5361: 5329: 5323: 5322: 5298: 5292: 5291: 5281: 5271: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5222: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5181: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5132: 5122: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5081: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5006: 5000: 4999: 4988: 4982: 4981: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4951: 4945: 4944: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4856: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4780: 4774: 4773: 4763: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4711: 4702: 4696: 4695: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4599: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4493: 4487: 4486: 4476: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4427: 4395: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4384: 4374:"Gastric Cancer" 4370: 4364: 4363: 4353: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4260: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4219: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4178: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4137: 4127: 4118:(7): 1701–1711. 4103: 4097: 4096: 4086: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4021: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3963: 3957: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3920: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3858: 3843: 3842: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3783: 3777: 3776: 3758: 3752: 3751: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3698: 3688: 3664: 3655: 3654: 3644: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3603: 3593: 3561: 3552: 3551: 3541: 3531: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3495:. Archived from 3464: 3458: 3457: 3447: 3415: 3404: 3403: 3393: 3383: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3342: 3310: 3304: 3303: 3275: 3269: 3268: 3232: 3219: 3218: 3200: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3119: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3039: 3033: 3032: 3014: 3004: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2967:Epidemiology of 2964: 2962: 2956: 2945: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2842: 2836:. Archived from 2819: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2793: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2727: 2719: 2713: 2712: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2618: 2612: 2611: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2508: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2459: 2450: 2449: 2413: 2400: 2399: 2389: 2374:Gastroenterology 2365: 2359: 2358: 2348: 2316: 2297: 2296: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2225:. January 1980. 2215: 2209: 2208: 2190: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2138: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2110: 2101: 2100: 2090: 2080: 2071:(7): 1635–1649. 2056: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2001: 1990: 1989: 1971: 1947: 1926: 1925: 1915: 1886:(October 2010). 1879: 1870: 1869: 1859: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1788: 1733:gastrointestinal 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1527:overall survival 1509:Targeted therapy 1485:), methyl-CCNU ( 1475:standard of care 1177: 1157: 1141: 1103:linitis plastica 575:loss of appetite 526:coming out of it 516:linitis plastica 463:targeted therapy 335:loss of appetite 297:, also known as 254:targeted therapy 116:loss of appetite 68:Gastroenterology 44: 24: 7677: 7676: 7670: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7665: 7664: 7635: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7374: 7367: 7337: 7332: 7300: 7233: 7191: 7101: 7076: 7058: 6956: 6933: 6922:Duodenal cancer 6914:Small intestine 6895: 6850: 6809: 6804: 6761: 6758: 6753: 6752: 6707: 6706: 6639: 6625: 6620: 6619: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6526: 6525: 6521: 6514: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6450: 6449: 6442: 6396: 6395: 6384: 6374: 6372: 6359: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6307: 6306: 6302: 6292: 6290: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6204: 6200: 6199: 6195: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6102: 6100: 6087: 6086: 6082: 6038: 6037: 6033: 6026: 6014: 6013: 6006: 5962: 5961: 5957: 5921: 5920: 5916: 5903: 5902: 5898: 5885: 5881: 5845: 5844: 5837: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5786: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5733: 5711: 5710: 5706: 5668: 5667: 5660: 5629:(3): CD011389. 5616: 5615: 5611: 5565: 5564: 5557: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5344:(3): CD007176. 5331: 5330: 5326: 5305:(3): CD004183. 5300: 5299: 5295: 5254:(12): e116060. 5241: 5240: 5236: 5200: 5199: 5195: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5100: 5099: 5095: 5051: 5050: 5046: 5008: 5007: 5003: 4990: 4989: 4985: 4971: 4970: 4966: 4953: 4952: 4948: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4795: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4724: 4709: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4382: 4380: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4197: 4196: 4192: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4040: 4039: 4035: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3976: 3974: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3950: 3948: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3860: 3859: 3846: 3820: 3819: 3815: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3773: 3760: 3759: 3755: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3666: 3665: 3658: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3563: 3562: 3555: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3417: 3416: 3407: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3277: 3276: 3272: 3234: 3233: 3222: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3154:Cancer Research 3147: 3146: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3121: 3120: 3113: 3103: 3101: 3088: 3087: 3083: 3041: 3040: 3036: 2995:(12): 835–843. 2982: 2981: 2977: 2960: 2958: 2957:on 27 July 2009 2954: 2943: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2905:(1–2): 99–107. 2896: 2895: 2891: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2817: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2763: 2762: 2758: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2732: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2604: 2589: 2588: 2584: 2577: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2550: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2461: 2460: 2453: 2415: 2414: 2403: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2331:(8): CD004064. 2318: 2317: 2300: 2293: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2262: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2168: 2167: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2140: 2139: 2132: 2122: 2120: 2112: 2111: 2104: 2058: 2057: 2028: 2018: 2016: 2003: 2002: 1993: 1949: 1948: 1929: 1881: 1880: 1873: 1861: 1860: 1815: 1805: 1803: 1790: 1789: 1768: 1763: 1729: 1678: 1677: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1610: 1585: 1570: 1559: 1511: 1471: 1445:Cochrane review 1433: 1405: 1363:Getting rid of 1361: 1249:lymphadenectomy 1196: 1189: 1178: 1169: 1158: 1149: 1142: 1079:adenocarcinomas 1060: 956:Upper GI series 939: 926:cell activity. 889: 880: 872:Genetic testing 814: 760:salt-rich foods 735: 723: 714: 673: 661: 600:and occasional 508: 471:palliative care 426:medical imaging 315:adenocarcinomas 271: 269: 153: 120: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7675: 7674: 7671: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7645:Stomach cancer 7637: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7575: 7574: 7564: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7491: 7490: 7480: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7413: 7408: 7406:Binge drinking 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7382: 7380: 7376: 7375: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7358: 7351: 7343: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7314: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7302: 7301: 7299: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7253:Adenocarcinoma 7243: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7232: 7231: 7219: 7218: 7216:Klatskin tumor 7213: 7201: 7199: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7172: 7171: 7166: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7146:Hepatoblastoma 7143: 7142: 7141: 7124: 7122: 7113: 7107: 7106: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7099: 7094: 7088: 7086: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7075: 7074: 7068: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7044:Adenocarcinoma 7037: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7017: 7012: 7003: 7002: 6966: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6954: 6949: 6943: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6929: 6927:Adenocarcinoma 6918: 6916: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6871: 6866: 6860: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6846:Adenocarcinoma 6843: 6837: 6835: 6826: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6795: 6788: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6755: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6748:Stomach cancer 6739: 6728: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6693: 6682: 6671: 6656: 6640: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6631:Classification 6624: 6623:External links 6621: 6618: 6617: 6568: 6519: 6512: 6490: 6463:(4): 268–273. 6440: 6382: 6352: 6326: 6300: 6274: 6249:(3): 299–304. 6229: 6193: 6126: 6110: 6099:on 14 May 2009 6080: 6031: 6024: 6004: 5975:(2): 188–196. 5955: 5914: 5896: 5888:Gastric Cancer 5879: 5858:(6): 816–824. 5835: 5808:(6): 797–808. 5792: 5731: 5704: 5658: 5609: 5555: 5536:(3): 511–524. 5520: 5469: 5450:(2): 359–369. 5434: 5383: 5324: 5293: 5234: 5193: 5144: 5093: 5044: 5017:(5): 503–507. 5001: 4983: 4964: 4946: 4927:(1): 143–156. 4911: 4868: 4819: 4800: 4793: 4775: 4730: 4697: 4670:(7): 530–532. 4654: 4611: 4554: 4527:(3): 400–407. 4511: 4488: 4459:(4): 941–950. 4439: 4410:(1): 269–278. 4404:Cancer Imaging 4390: 4365: 4336:(4): 222–229. 4316: 4272: 4251:(3): 156–166. 4245:Gastric Cancer 4231: 4210:(3): 555–560. 4190: 4169:(4): 331–348. 4149: 4098: 4033: 4004:(7): 508–517. 3984: 3958: 3932: 3903:(4): 539–546. 3883: 3844: 3813: 3794:(3): 155–162. 3778: 3771: 3753: 3726:(3): 199–211. 3710: 3679:(3): 354–362. 3656: 3635:(2): 381–390. 3615: 3553: 3502: 3479:(6): 675–686. 3459: 3405: 3354: 3305: 3286:(8): 727–729. 3270: 3220: 3191:(4): 565–573. 3171: 3140: 3111: 3081: 3034: 2989:Cancer Science 2975: 2932: 2889: 2854: 2828:(6): 358–365. 2805: 2756: 2738: 2714: 2687:(3): 423–434. 2670: 2644: 2637: 2613: 2602: 2582: 2575: 2555: 2548: 2528: 2499:(6): 394–424. 2479: 2472: 2451: 2401: 2360: 2298: 2291: 2271: 2260: 2251:Cancer biology 2240: 2210: 2181:(3): 229–263. 2158: 2130: 2102: 2026: 1991: 1927: 1898:(4): 837–857. 1871: 1813: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1728: 1725: 1672: 1666: 1660: 1654: 1648: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1609: 1606: 1584: 1581: 1573:MALT lymphomas 1569: 1566: 1558: 1555: 1510: 1507: 1470: 1467: 1432: 1429: 1404: 1401: 1360: 1357: 1340:is also used. 1326: 1325: 1286: 1280: 1270: 1267:5-fluorouracil 1252: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1179: 1172: 1170: 1159: 1152: 1150: 1143: 1136: 1133: 1132: 1126: 1115: 1074:adenocarcinoma 1059: 1058:Histopathology 1056: 983:clinical trial 967: 966: 959: 953: 938: 935: 931:biliary reflux 920:gastric cancer 888: 885: 879: 876: 813: 810: 768:processed meat 734: 731: 722: 719: 713: 710: 672: 669: 660: 657: 653:tropical sprue 614:vomiting blood 594:abdominal pain 540:adenocarcinoma 507: 504: 500:Eastern Europe 498:, followed by 299:gastric cancer 295:Stomach cancer 290: 289: 288:659,853 (2022) 286: 282: 281: 280:968,350 (2022) 278: 274: 273: 263: 257: 256: 242: 238: 237: 231: 227: 226: 217: 211: 210: 200: 194: 193: 182: 178: 177: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 152: 151: 146: 141: 139:vomiting blood 136: 131: 125: 119: 118: 113: 108: 103: 101:abdominal pain 97: 92: 86: 80: 74: 73: 65: 59: 58: 46: 45: 37: 36: 35:Gastric cancer 33: 29: 28: 27:Stomach cancer 20: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7673: 7672: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7594:Schizophrenia 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7573: 7570: 7569: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7489: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7418: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7372: 7364: 7359: 7357: 7352: 7350: 7345: 7344: 7341: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7307: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7271: 7270: 7267: 7263: 7262: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7220: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7197:Biliary tract 7194: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7174: 7173: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7140: 7139:Fibrolamellar 7137: 7136: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7108: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7073: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7061: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6996:Peutz–Jeghers 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6959: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6928: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6880: 6879:MALT lymphoma 6877: 6876: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6796: 6794: 6789: 6787: 6782: 6781: 6778: 6770: 6769: 6764: 6760: 6759: 6749: 6745: 6744: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6733: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6717: 6714: 6710: 6703: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6681: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6670: 6666: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6633: 6629: 6622: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6572: 6569: 6564: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6523: 6520: 6515: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6491: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6447: 6445: 6441: 6436: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6340: 6336: 6330: 6327: 6314: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6275: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6233: 6230: 6214: 6210: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6130: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6114: 6111: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6081: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6051:(2): 74–108. 6050: 6046: 6042: 6035: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6017: 6011: 6009: 6005: 6000: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5966: 5959: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5918: 5915: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5889: 5883: 5880: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5796: 5793: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5732: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5714:J Med Insight 5708: 5705: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5654: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5613: 5610: 5605: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5524: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5473: 5470: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5438: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5387: 5384: 5379: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5328: 5325: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5238: 5235: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5197: 5194: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5148: 5145: 5140: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5094: 5089: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5048: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5005: 5002: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4979: 4975: 4968: 4965: 4960: 4956: 4950: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4921:Radiographics 4915: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4879: 4872: 4869: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4839:(2): 89–104. 4838: 4834: 4830: 4823: 4820: 4815: 4810:, p. 786 4809: 4804: 4801: 4796: 4790: 4786: 4779: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4743: 4734: 4731: 4723: 4720:(2): 153–58. 4719: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4698: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4612: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4558: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4515: 4512: 4499: 4492: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4443: 4440: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4394: 4391: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4276: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4235: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4194: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4153: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4037: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3988: 3985: 3972: 3968: 3962: 3959: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3887: 3884: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3817: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3782: 3779: 3774: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3754: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3714: 3711: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3619: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3414: 3412: 3410: 3406: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3355: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3309: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3274: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3243:(16): f6367. 3242: 3238: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3175: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3144: 3141: 3128: 3124: 3118: 3116: 3112: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3085: 3082: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3038: 3035: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2970: 2953: 2949: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2858: 2855: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2816: 2809: 2806: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2760: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2742: 2739: 2731: 2724: 2718: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2674: 2671: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2645: 2640: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2625: 2617: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2595: 2594: 2586: 2583: 2578: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2559: 2556: 2551: 2545: 2541: 2540: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2483: 2480: 2475: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2275: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2252: 2244: 2241: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2147: 2143: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2119: 2115: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2079: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1734: 1727:Other animals 1726: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1711: 1707: 1705: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1684: 1676: 176–400 1670: 129–175 1664: 103–128 1614: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1556: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1437: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1421:immunotherapy 1418: 1414: 1409: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1358: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1339: 1330: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1294: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1224:tumor markers 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1200: 1193: 1187: 1186:H&E stain 1183: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1166:H&E stain 1163: 1156: 1151: 1147: 1146:H&E stain 1140: 1135: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1093:and then the 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1070: 1069: 1064: 1057: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1009: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 986: 984: 980: 976: 972: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 947: 944: 943: 942: 936: 934: 932: 927: 925: 921: 917: 914:In addition, 912: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 886: 884: 877: 875: 873: 869: 866: 865: 860: 856: 852: 847: 844: 840: 836: 834: 828: 826: 822: 819: 811: 809: 807: 803: 798: 796: 792: 787: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 739: 732: 730: 728: 720: 718: 711: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 678: 670: 668: 666: 658: 656: 654: 650: 649:gastric ulcer 646: 645:stomach virus 641: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 578: 576: 572: 568: 564: 559: 557: 553: 545: 541: 537: 532: 525: 521: 517: 512: 505: 503: 501: 497: 493: 492:refrigeration 489: 488:Western world 483: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 451: 446: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 391: 387: 382: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 287: 283: 279: 275: 267: 264: 262: 258: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 236:, not smoking 235: 232: 228: 225: 221: 218: 216: 212: 209: 205: 201: 199: 195: 192: 188: 187: 183: 179: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 123: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 98: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 84: 81: 79: 75: 72: 69: 66: 64: 60: 56: 52: 51:stomach ulcer 47: 43: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 7624:Tuberculosis 7535:Malnutrition 7379:Health topic 7371:epidemiology 7264: 7246: 7222: 7204: 7175: 7157: 7127: 7040: 7006: 6980:hyperplastic 6969: 6962:Colon/rectum 6855: 6766: 6741: 6730: 6719: 6695: 6684: 6673: 6658: 6643: 6585: 6581: 6571: 6536: 6532: 6522: 6503: 6493: 6460: 6457:Helicobacter 6456: 6452: 6406: 6402: 6373:. 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