282:(1894), Marietta Kies published two independent works of political philosophy in which she contrasts "justice" or egoism with "grace" or altruism and suggests, how these could complement each other in society. The second book was essentially a new version of the first, but with some important additions about school, family, jurisdiction and the role of the church in society. According to Kies, both justice and grace have a place in economic and political decision-making processes, but grace should be more central and also be enforced by the state. As a
247:, who was dissatisfied with her teaching methods and fired her. As it was proving difficult to find a job as a college-level teacher, she, as was usual among academics of her time, went to Europe to study. She spent the academic year 1892–93 in Leipzig and Zurich, until she took the position of high school director in
204:. Kies belonged to the American idealists, a philosophical movement also known as St. Louis Hegelians because it began in St. Louis in the 1860s, after the first translations and interpretations of German philosophers such as Hegel, Fichte and Schelling appeared. From the mid-1880s, she studied first under
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Kies touched on women's issues in her work. She updated Hegel's view of the family by asserting the individuality of women within the household — a place where for Hegel unity, not individuality, is paramount. Since women were already more involved in public in the late 19th century, She saw no need
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for women to remain private, subjective and fully engaged in the role of wives and mothers, nor fully involved in political life. She felt they should only have voting rights in areas that they believe directly affect them (e.g. education, public health and labor law).
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172:(December 31, 1853 – July 20, 1899) was an American philosopher and educator who belonged to the
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Rogers, Dorothy (2005). "KIES, Marietta (1853–99)". In Shook, John R. (ed.).
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America's First Women
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Ethical Principle and its Application to State Relations
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336:. London: Continuum.
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