3396:
Justyna; Casa, Philippe Della; DÄ
browski, PaweĆ; Duffy, Paul R.; Ebel, Alexander V.; Epimakhov, Andrey; Frei, Karin; Furmanek, MirosĆaw; Gralak, Tomasz; Gromov, Andrey; Gronkiewicz, StanisĆaw; Grupe, Gisela; Hajdu, TamĂĄs; Jarysz, RadosĆaw; Khartanovich, Valeri; Khokhlov, Alexandr; Kiss, ViktĂłria; KolĂĄĆ, Jan; Kriiska, Aivar; Lasak, Irena; Longhi, Cristina; McGlynn, George; Merkevicius, Algimantas; Merkyte, Inga; Metspalu, Mait; Mkrtchyan, Ruzan; Moiseyev, Vyacheslav; Paja, LĂĄszlĂł; PĂĄlfi, György; Pokutta, Dalia; Pospieszny, Ćukasz; Price, T. Douglas; Saag, Lehti; Sablin, Mikhail; Shishlina, Natalia; SmrÄka, VĂĄclav; Soenov, Vasilii I.; SzeverĂ©nyi, Vajk; TĂłth, GusztĂĄv; Trifanova, Synaru V.; Varul, Liivi; Vicze, Magdolna; Yepiskoposyan, Levon; Zhitenev, Vladislav; Orlando, Ludovic; Sicheritz-PontĂ©n, Thomas; Brunak, SĂžren; Nielsen, Rasmus; Kristiansen, Kristian; Willerslev, Eske (June 1, 2015).
44:
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2203:. After her parents separated that year, she lived with her mother and brother, Vytautas, in Kaunas. Five years later, her father died suddenly. At her father's deathbed, Gimbutas pledged that she would study to become a scholar: "All of a sudden I had to think what I shall be, what I shall do with my life. I had been so reckless in sportsâswimming for miles, skating, bicycle riding. I changed completely and began to read."
3311:
Garrido; Hallgren, Fredrik; Khartanovich, Valery; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kunst, Michael; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Nicklisch, Nicole; Pichler, Sandra L.; Risch, Roberto; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Roth, Christina; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Wahl, Joachim; Meyer, Matthias; Krause, Johannes; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt Werner; Reich, David (February 10, 2015).
2401:, now the most common in Europe (R1a is also common in South Asia) would have expanded from the Russian steppes, along with the Indo European languages; they also detected an autosomal component present in modern Europeans which was not present in Neolithic Europeans, which would have been introduced with paternal lineages R1b and R1a, as well as Indo-European languages.
2386:(Greece). Digging through layers of earth representing a period of time before contemporary estimates for Neolithic habitation in Europe â where other archaeologists would not have expected further finds â she unearthed a great number of artifacts of daily life and religion or spirituality, which she researched and documented throughout her career.
2533:
2234:
While holding a postdoctoral fellowship at TĂŒbingen the following year, Gimbutas gave birth to her second daughter, ĆœivilÄ. In the 1950s, the
Gimbutas family left Germany and relocated to the United States, where Gimbutas had a successful academic career. Her third daughter, Rasa Julija, was born in
2625:
Fleming, in his 1969 paper "The Myth of the Mother
Goddess", questioned the practice of identifying neolithic figures as female when they weren't clearly distinguished as male and took issue with other aspects of the "Goddess" interpretation of Neolithic stone carvings and burial practices. Cynthia
2602:
has praised
Gimbutas's insights regarding the Indo-European Urheimat, but also disputed Gimbutas's assertion that there was a widespread peaceful society before the Kurgan incursion, noting that Europe had hillforts and weapons, and presumably warfare, long before the Kurgan. A standard textbook of
3451:
Mathieson, Iain; Lazaridis, Iosif; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Pickrell, Joseph; Meller, Harald; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Krause, Johannes; Anthony, David; Brown, Dorcas; Fox, Carles
Lalueza; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt W.; Haak, Wolfgang; Patterson, Nick; Reich, David (March 14,
3395:
Allentoft, Morten E.; Sikora, Martin; Sjögren, Karl-Göran; Rasmussen, Simon; Rasmussen, Morten; Stenderup, Jesper; Damgaard, Peter B.; Schroeder, Hannes; Ahlström, Torbjörn; Vinner, Lasse; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Margaryan, Ashot; Higham, Tom; Chivall, David; Lynnerup, Niels; Harvig, Lise; Baron,
2293:
with her dissertation "Prehistoric Burial Rites in
Lithuania" ("Die Bestattung in Litauen in der vorgeschichtlichen Zeit"), which was published later that year. She often said that she had the dissertation under one arm and her child under the other arm when she and her husband fled the city of
3310:
Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei; Mittnik, Alissa; BĂĄnffy, Eszter; Economou, Christos; Francken, Michael; Friederich, Susanne; Pena, Rafael
2190:
I had the opportunity to get acquainted with writers and artists such as VydĆ«nas, Tumas-VaiĆŸgantas, even
BasanaviÄius, who was taken care of by my parents. When I was four or five years old, I would sit in BasanaviÄius's easy chair and I would feel fine. And later, throughout my entire life,
2502:. The library includes Gimbutas's extensive collection on the topics of archaeology, mythology, folklore, art and linguistics. The Gimbutas Archives house over 12,000 images personally taken by Gimbutas of sacred figures, as well as research files on Neolithic cultures of Old Europe.
2595:
that most of
Gimbutas's peers believe her to be "immensely knowledgeable but not very good in critical analysis. ... She amasses all the data and then leaps from it to conclusions without any intervening argument." He said that most archaeologists consider her to be an eccentric.
2311:
Gimbutas then taught at UCLA, where she became
Professor of European Archaeology and Indo-European Studies in 1964 and Curator of Old World Archaeology in 1965. In 1993, Gimbutas received an honorary doctorate at Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, Lithuania.
2651:, which had been represented as the paradigm of a pacifist, matriarchal and sexually free society, Gere claims that archaeology can easily slip into reflecting what people want to see, rather than teaching people about an unfamiliar past.
2363:(1965). In her work she reinterpreted European prehistory in light of her backgrounds in linguistics, ethnology, and the history of religions, and challenged many traditional assumptions about the beginnings of European civilization.
2613:
warned against unwarranted inferences about the meanings of statues. He notes, for example, that early
Egyptian figurines of women holding their breasts had been taken as "obviously" significant of maternity or fertility, but the
2336:(PIE) speaking peoples, whom she dubbed the "Kurgans"; namely, to account for their origin and to trace their migrations into Europe. This hypothesis, and her method of bridging the disciplines, has had a significant impact on
2449:(1991), which, based on her documented archaeological findings, presented an overview of her conclusions about Neolithic cultures across Europe: housing patterns, social structure, art, religion, and the nature of literacy.
2950:
1986: "Kurgan
Culture and the Horse", critique of the article "The 'Kurgan Culture', Indo-European origins and the domestication of the horse: a reconsideration" by David W. Anthony (same issue, pp. 291â313),
2226:
Gimbutas' first daughter, DanutÄ, was born in June 1942. One year after the birth of their daughter, the young Gimbutas family, in the face of an advancing Soviet army, fled the country to areas controlled by
3803:
Chapman, John (1998), "The impact of modern invasions and migrations on archaeological explanation: A biographical sketch of Marija Gimbutas", in DĂaz-Andreu, Margarita; SĂžrensen, Marie Louise Stig (eds.),
2231:, first to Vienna and then to Innsbruck and Bavaria. In her reflection of this turbulent period, Gimbutas remarked, "Life just twisted me like a little plant, but my work was continuous in one direction."
3494:
Archaeology and Fertility Cult in the Ancient Mediterranean: Papers Presented at the First International Conference on Archaeology of the Ancient Mediterranean, the University of Malta, 2-5 September 1985
3589:"According to anthropologist Ashley Montagu, "Marija Gimbutas has given us a veritable Rosetta Stone of the greatest heuristic value for future work in the hermeneutics of archaeology and anthropology."
2282:
In 1942 she completed her master's thesis, "Modes of Burial in Lithuania in the Iron Age", with honors. She received her Master of Arts degree from the University of Vilnius, Lithuania, in 1942.
4090:
2263:
expeditions to record traditional folklore and studied Lithuanian beliefs and rituals of death. She graduated with honors from AuĆĄra Gymnasium in Kaunas in 1938 and enrolled in the
4045:
2220:
2603:
European prehistory corroborates this point, stating that warfare existed in neolithic Europe and that adult males were given preferential treatment in burial rites.
2174:
Gimbutas's parents were connoisseurs of traditional Lithuanian folk arts and frequently invited contemporary musicians, writers, and authors to their home, including
4015:
2571:(1989) before he died, and often said how profoundly he regretted that her research on the Neolithic cultures of Europe had not been available when he was writing
2035:
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4100:
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1999:
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2478:. The androcratic, or male-dominated, Kurgan peoples, on the other hand, invaded Europe and imposed upon its natives the hierarchical rule of male warriors.
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translating Eastern European archaeological texts. She then became a lecturer in the Department of Anthropology. In 1955 she was made a Fellow of Harvard's
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3732:
3626:
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2776:. Innsbruck: Institut fĂŒr Sprachwissenschaft der UniversitĂ€t Innsbruck, Innsbrucker BeitrĂ€ge zur Sprachwissenschaft, VortrĂ€ge und kleinere Schriften 54.
43:
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from 1963 to 1989, Gimbutas directed major excavations of Neolithic sites in southeastern Europe between 1967 and 1980, including Anzabegovo, near
4070:
2609:
and Andrew Fleming were two early critics of the "Goddess" theory, with which Gimbutas later came to be associated. Ucko, in his 1968 monograph
2584:
argued in 2011 that a "backlash" against Gimbutas's work had been orchestrated, starting in the last years of her life and following her death.
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Anthropomorphic figurines of predynastic Egypt and neolithic Crete with comparative material from the prehistoric Near East and mainland Greece
2153:
3987:
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2006:
1978:
155:
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1993: "The Indo-Europeanization of Europe: the intrusion of steppe pastoralists from south Russia and the transformation of Old Europe",
1963:
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3905:
3689:
The New York Times book of science literacy: what everyone needs to know from Newton to the knuckleball, page 85, Richard Flaste, 1992
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2028:
1985:
916:
2867:, ed. George Cardona, Henry M. Hoenigswald & Alfred Senn. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970, pp. 155â197.
3509:
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Selected Papers of the Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences. Philadelphia, September 1â9, 1956
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1992:
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267:
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1973: "Old Europe c. 7000â3500 BC: The Earliest European Civilization Before the Infiltration of the Indo-European Peoples",
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1848:
1623:
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HĂ€usler, Alexander (1995), "Ăber ArchĂ€ologie und den Ursprung der Indogermanen", in Kuna, Martin; VenclovĂĄ, Natalie (eds.),
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Indo-European and Indo-Europeans. Papers Presented at the Third Indo-European Conference at the University of Pennsylvania
2130:
2021:
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799:
600:
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75:
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1960: "Culture Change in Europe at the Start of the Second Millennium B.C. A Contribution to the Indo-European Problem",
2333:
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2734:. Sarajevo: Zemalski Museum. Wissenchaftliche Mitteilungen des Bosnisch-Herzogowinischen Landesmuseums, Band 4 Heft A.
2674:
The Prehistory of Eastern Europe. Part I: Mesolithic, Neolithic and Copper Age Cultures in Russia and the Baltic Area.
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3056:
The Kurgan culture and the Indo-Europeanization of Europe: Selected articles from 1952 to 1993 by M. Gimbutas
3871:
3833:, eds. Sue Hamilton, Ruth D. Whitehouse, and Katherine I. Wright. Left Coast Press (reprint Routledge, 2016)
2863:
1970: "Proto-Indo-European Culture: The Kurgan Culture during the Fifth, Fourth, and Third Millennia B.C.",
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Das Ende Alteuropas. Der Einfall von Steppennomaden aus SĂŒdrussland und die Indogermanisierung Mitteleuropas
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630:
625:
615:
259:
93:
3592:"Pacifica Graduate Institute | Campbell & Gimbutas Library | Marija Gimbutas - Life and Work"
2676:
American School of Prehistoric Research, Harvard University Bulletin No. 20. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum.
2922:
1982: "Old Europe in the Fifth Millennium B.C.: The European Situation on the Arrival of Indo-Europeans",
2818:
Vol. 1. Los Angeles : Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Monumenta archaeologica 13.
2587:
Mainstream archaeology dismissed Gimbutas's later works. Anthropologist Bernard Wailes (1934â2012) of the
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From 1947 to 1949 she did postgraduate work at the University of Heidelberg and the University of Munich.
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Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Monumenta archaeologica 14.
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1930:
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667:
663:
648:
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3074:. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph No. 001. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man.
2943:
1985: "Primary and Secondary Homeland of the Indo-Europeans: Comments on GamkrelidzeâIvanov Articles",
2183:
1154:
2846:, eds., J. Bohm & S. J. De Laet. Prague: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, 1961, pp. 193â200.
4010:
4005:
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3342:
3334:
3088:. Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph #19. Washington, DC: The Institute for the Study of Man.
2901:
1980: "The Kurgan wave #2 (c.3400â3200 BC) into Europe and the following transformation of culture",
2643:
by Cathy Gere examines the political influence on archaeology more generally. Through the example of
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1841:
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789:
726:
696:
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634:
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352:
3951:
Milisauskas, Sarunas (2011). "Marija Gimbutas: Some observations about her early years, 1921â1944",
2962:, eds. W. Bernhard & A. Kandler-Palsson. Stuttgart / New York: Gustav Fische Verlag, 1986: 5â19.
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113:
3892:
Marler, Joan (1998), "Marija Gimbutas: Tribute to a Lithuanian Legend", in LaFont, Suzanne (ed.),
2940:, eds. Giorgio Buccellati & Charles Speroni. Los Angeles: UCLA Institute of Archaeology, 1982.
2915:
1980â81: "The transformation of European and Anatolian culture c. 4500â2500 B.C. and its legacy",
3941:
3433:
3324:
3071:
Proto-Indo-European: The Archaeology of a Linguistic Problem. Studies in Honor of Marija Gimbutas
3030:, vol. 1, ed. R. W. Ehrich. Chicago, London: University of Chicago Press, 1992, pp. 395â406.
2301:
1855:
1806:
1740:
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332:
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17:
3058:. Journal of Indo-European Studies monograph 18. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
2839:, ed. A. F. C. Wallace. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1960, pp. 540â552.
2468:("androcratic") culture which supplanted it. According to her interpretations, gynocentric (or
3983:
3962:, 2nd edn. Ed. by David A. Leeming. NYâHeidelbergâDordrechtâLondon: Springer, pp. 705â10.
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During the 1950s and early 1960s, Gimbutas earned a reputation as a world-class specialist on
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2811:. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Monumenta archaeologica 1.
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2936:"Vulvas, Breasts, and Buttocks of the Goddess Creatress: Commentary on the Origins of Art",
2854:
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3016:, eds. T. L. Markey & A. C. Greppin. Ann Arbor (MI): Kasoma, 1990, pp. 171â178.
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After arriving in the United States in the 1950s, Gimbutas immediately went to work at
2073:
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989:
943:
911:
847:
338:
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each compared the importance of Gimbutas's output to the historical importance of the
3999:
3975:
3945:
3809:
3313:"Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe"
3113:
3098:
2753:
Baltai prieĆĄistoriniais laikais : etnogenezÄ, materialinÄ kultĆ«ra ir mitologija.
2739:
The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, 7000 to 3500 BC: Myths, Legends and Cult Images
2690:
Philadelphia: American Folklore Society, Memoirs of the American Folklore Society 49.
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1949:
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1329:
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In 1946, Gimbutas received a doctorate in archaeology, with minors in ethnology and
3437:
3069:
3042:
2418:
2228:
1898:
1568:
1406:
880:
751:
550:
545:
535:
3968:
Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary Completing the Twentieth Century
2858:
2760:
The Language of the Goddess: Unearthing the Hidden Symbols of Western Civilization
3595:
3875:
3026:
1992: "The Chronologies of Eastern Europe: Neolithic through Early Bronze Age",
2578:
2505:
2465:
2461:
2268:
2260:
2239:
2069:
1544:
1530:
1494:
1202:
137:
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1977: "The First Wave of Eurasian Steppe Pastoralists into Copper Age Europe",
2746:
Grotta Scaloria: Resoconto sulle ricerche del 1980 relative agli scavi del 1979
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1507:
1421:
1299:
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During this period, her father also served as the publisher of the newspaper
3813:
3497:
2809:
Neolithic Macedonia as reflected by excavation at Anza, southeast Yugoslavia
2470:
2442:
2414:
2332:
burial mounds with linguistics to unravel some problems in the study of the
2191:
BasanaviÄius's collected folklore remained extraordinarily important for me.
2077:
1710:
1487:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1451:
1319:
766:
736:
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3374:
2786:
Gimbutas, Marija, edited and supplemented by Miriam Robbins Dexter (1999)
3079:
From the Realm of the Ancestors: An Anthology in Honor of Marija Gimbutas
2926:, ed. Edgar C. PolomĂ©. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, 1982, pp. 1â60.
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1653:
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1336:
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282:
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1979: "The Three Waves of Kurgan People into Old Europe, 4500â2500 BC",
2842:
1961: "Notes on the chronology and expansion of the Pit-grave culture",
3922:
Meskell, Lynn (1995), "Goddesses, Gimbutas and 'New Age' Archaeology",
3829:
Elster, Ernestine S. (2007). "Marija Gimbutas: Setting the Agenda", in
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2422:
2371:
2126:
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71:
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2823:
Achilleion: a Neolithic settlement in Thessaly, Greece, 6400â5600 B.C.
2626:
Eller also discusses the place of Gimbutas in injecting the idea into
3842:
3086:
Varia on the Indo-European Past: Papers in Memory of Gimbutas, Marija
2537:
2456:
trilogy articulated what Gimbutas saw as the differences between the
2328:
2196:
2167:
and was an outspoken proponent of Lithuanian independence during the
1426:
1380:
899:
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3862:, 2nd edn. Ed. by Lindsay Jones. Detroit: Macmillan, vol. 5: 3492â4.
3566:"The Marija Gimbutas Collection â OPUS Archives and Research Center"
2532:
2366:
As a Professor of European Archaeology and Indo-European Studies at
2294:
Kaunas, Lithuania, in the face of an advancing Soviet army in 1944.
3679:
To appear in Claire Bowern (ed.)Handbook of Historical Linguistics.
3466:
3347:
3329:
2933:, ed. Charlene Spretnak. New York: Doubleday, 1982, pp. 22â31.
2816:
Excavations at Sitagroi, a prehistoric village in northeast Greece.
2648:
2543:
2531:
2408:
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in 1994, at age 73. Soon afterwards, she was interred in Kaunas's
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1399:
1393:
1375:
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721:
3958:
Murdock, Maureen (2014). "Gimbutas, Marija, and the Goddess", in
2727:. London : Thames and Hudson, Ancient peoples and places 74.
2713:. London : Thames and Hudson, Ancient peoples and places 33.
2508:
has written four historical novels based on Gimbutas's research:
3868:
Realm of the Ancestors: An Anthology in Honor of Marija Gimbutas
2814:
Renfrew, Colin, Marija Gimbutas and Ernestine S. Elster (1986).
2367:
1917:
3704:
The Megalithic Monuments of Western Europe: the latest evidence
3702:(Springer, 2002), p.82, 386, etc. See also Colin Renfrew, ed.,
3642:"Anatomy of a Backlash: Concerning the Work of Marija Gimbutas"
2958:"Remarks on the ethnogenesis of the Indo-Europeans in Europe",
2486:
Gimbutas's work, along with that of her colleague, mythologist
2186:. With regard to her strong cultural upbringing, Gimbutas said:
2144:
in 1908, while her father received his medical degree from the
2567:. Campbell provided a foreword to a new edition of Gimbutas's
2938:
The Shape of the Past: Studies in Honor of Franklin D. Murphy
2695:
Rytprusiu ir Vakaru Lietuvos Priesistorines Kulturos Apzvalga
2133:; her parents were members of the Lithuanian intelligentsia.
3806:
Excavating Women: A History of Women in European Archaeology
3490:"Old Europe: Sacred Matriarchy or Complementary Opposition?"
3054:
Dexter, Miriam Robbins and Karlene Jones-Bley (eds) (1997).
2156:
which founded the first Lithuanian hospital in the capital.
2211:
In 1941, she married architect Jurgis Gimbutas. During the
3014:
When Worlds Collide: Indo-Europeans and Pre-Indo-Europeans
2460:
system, which she considered goddess- and woman-centered (
3084:
Dexter, Miriam Robbins and Edgar C. Polomé, eds. (1997).
3019:"Wall Paintings of Ăatal HĂŒyĂŒk, 8thâ7th Millennia B.C.",
3005:
1990: "The Social Structure of the Old Europe. Part II",
2821:
Gimbutas, Marija, Shan Winn and Daniel Shimabuku (1989).
2667:
Die Bestattung in Litauen in der vorgeschichtlichen Zeit.
2326:, which combined archaeological study of the distinctive
3839:
Whither archaeology? Papers in honour of Evzen Neustupny
3068:
Skomal, Susan Nacev & Edgar C. Polomé (eds) (1987).
2767:
The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe
2068:; January 23, 1921 â February 2, 1994) was a Lithuanian
2924:
The Indo-Europeans in the Fourth and Third Millennia BC
2790:. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
2474:) societies were peaceful, honored women, and espoused
2271:
in the Department of Philology. She then attended the
3454:"Eight thousand years of natural selection in Europe"
3081:. Manchester, CT: Knowledge, Ideas & Trends, Inc.
2849:
1963: "The Indo-Europeans: archaeological problems",
2929:"Women and Culture in Goddess-oriented Old Europe",
2279:), linguistics, ethnology, folklore and literature.
48:
Gimbutas at the Frauenmuseum Wiesbaden, Germany 1993
2681:
COWA Survey and Bibliography, Area â Central Europe
204:
171:
161:
151:
143:
133:
123:
109:
101:
82:
53:
34:
2702:COWA Survey and Bibliography, Area 2 â Scandinavia
2389:Three genetic studies in 2015 gave support to the
3222:
3220:
3218:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
2965:1987: "The Pre-Christian Religion of Lithuania",
2718:Bronze Age cultures in Central and Eastern Europe
2361:Bronze Age Cultures of Central and Eastern Europe
2275:to pursue graduate studies in archaeology (under
3831:Archaeology and Women: Ancient and Modern Issues
2413:Marija Gimbutas by Kerbstone 52, at the back of
3966:Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy Lorraine (2004),
3858:Iwersen, Julia (2005). "Gimbutas, Marija", in
3845:: Institute of Archaeology, pp. 211â229,
3617:
3615:
3613:
2611:Anthropomorphic figurines of predynastic Egypt
2548:Marija GimbutienÄ on a 2021 stamp of Lithuania
2195:In 1931, Gimbutas settled with her parents in
4091:University of California, Los Angeles faculty
2783:. Innsbruck: Institut fĂŒr Sprachwissenschaft.
2774:Die Ethnogenese der europÀischen Indogermanen
2029:
27:Lithuanian-American archaeologist (1921â1994)
8:
3226:
3209:
3146:
2994:"Accounting For a Great Change, critique of
2433:with her last three English-language books:
2347:, as well as on Lithuanian folk art and the
3398:"Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia"
3169:
3167:
2397:. According to those studies, Y-chromosome
2359:, partly summed up in her definitive opus,
3894:Women in Transition: Voices from Lithuania
3756:, University of Chicago Press, pp. 4â16ff.
3675:New perspectives in historical linguistics
2536:Marija GimbutienÄ commemorative plaque in
2429:Gimbutas gained fame and notoriety in the
2152:in 1918, Gimbutas's parents organized the
2036:
2022:
2000:Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
228:
42:
31:
4046:Lithuanian emigrants to the United States
3627:Idyllic Theory Of Goddesses Creates Storm
3465:
3364:
3346:
3328:
2896:Archives suisses d'anthropologie genérale
2700:Gimbutas, Marija & R. Ehrich (1959).
2688:Ancient symbolism in Lithuanian folk art.
2679:Gimbutas, Marija & R. Ehrich (1957).
3706:(London : Thames and Hudson, 1983).
2748:. Manfredonia: Amministrazione comunale.
2441:(1989), which inspired an exhibition in
3960:Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion
3250:
3130:
2844:L'Europe Ă la fin de l'Age de la pierre
240:
4016:20th-century American women scientists
3550:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3543:
3262:
3238:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3158:
2622:this was the female gesture of grief.
2445:, 1993â94; and the last of the three,
2154:Lithuanian Association of Sanitary Aid
3754:Knossos and the Prophets of Modernism
3028:Chronologies in Old World Archaeology
2641:Knossos and the Prophets of Modernism
2063:
2007:Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
1979:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
156:University of California, Los Angeles
7:
4101:20th-century American archaeologists
2931:The Politics of Women's Spirituality
2464:), and the Bronze Age Indo-European
2435:The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe
2259:From 1936, Gimbutas participated in
178:The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe
4021:20th-century American women writers
3012:"The Collision of Two Ideologies",
2967:La Cristianizzazione della Lituania
2374:, Republic of North Macedonia, and
2255:Education and academic appointments
2136:Her mother received a doctorate in
2057:Marija BirutÄ AlseikaitÄ-GimbutienÄ
1964:Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European
3906:State University of New York Press
2762:. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
2633:The Myth of Matriarchal Prehistory
1986:The Horse, the Wheel, and Language
25:
4086:Vytautas Magnus University alumni
3878:: Knowledge, Ideas & Trends,
2974:The Earth Fertility of old Europe
2492:OPUS Archives and Research Center
2267:the same year, where she studied
18:Marija BirutĂ AlseikaitĂ Gimbutas
3730:"The Myth of the Mother Goddess"
3286:"Women in Old World Archaeology"
3000:London Times Literary Supplement
2873:Journal of Indo-European Studies
2732:Obre and Its Place in Old Europe
2704:. Cambridge: Harvard University.
2683:. Cambridge: Harvard University.
2320:In 1956 Gimbutas introduced her
2076:known for her research into the
1993:Journal of Indo-European Studies
757:Bible translations into Armenian
248:
4096:Burials at Petraƥiƫnai Cemetery
4041:Lithuanian women archaeologists
3767:"The Scholars and the Goddess."
3002:(Jun 24â30), 1988, p. 714.
2980:, vol. 13, no. 1 (1987): 11â69.
2960:Ethnogenese europÀischer Völker
2807:Gimbutas, Marija (ed.) (1976).
2802:Obre, Neolithic Sites in Bosnia
2800:Gimbutas, Marija (ed.) (1974).
2447:The Civilization of the Goddess
2150:Lithuania regained independence
2119:Veronika JanulaitytÄ-AlseikienÄ
268:List of Indo-European languages
188:The Civilization of the Goddess
4071:Researchers of Slavic religion
3043:10.1080/00437956.1993.11435900
2697:. New York: Studia Lituaica I.
2201:temporary capital of Lithuania
1:
4081:American women archaeologists
3630:. NY Times, February 13, 1990
3492:. In Bonanno, Anthony (ed.).
2978:Dialogues d'histoire ancienne
2908:"The Temples of Old Europe",
2859:10.1525/aa.1963.65.4.02a00030
2131:Republic of Central Lithuania
1594:Proto-Indo-European mythology
863:Paleolithic continuity theory
3860:The Encyclopedia of Religion
2804:. Sarajevo: A. Archaeologic.
2741:. London: Thames and Hudson.
2113:Marija Gimbutas was born as
2094:Proto-Indo-European homeland
1282:Northern Black Polished Ware
481:Proto-Indo-European language
3719:(London, A. Szmidla, 1968).
3649:Journal of Archaeomythology
2751:GimbutienÄ, Marija (1985).
2720:. The Hague/London: Mouton.
2569:The Language of the Goddess
2496:Pacifica Graduate Institute
2439:The Language of the Goddess
2215:, Gimbutas lived under the
1599:Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism
183:The Language of the Goddess
4117:
3765:See also Charlotte Allen,
3077:Marler, Joan, ed. (1997).
2991:29(3) (Jul 1988): 453â456.
2887:"Gold Treasure at Varna",
2589:University of Pennsylvania
2393:of Gimbutas regarding the
2265:Vytautas Magnus University
2207:Emigration and life abroad
2163:and the cultural magazine
895:Domestication of the horse
4076:Vilnius University alumni
4036:Lithuanian archaeologists
3938:10.1017/S0003598X00064310
3021:The Review of Archaeology
2779:Gimbutas, Marija (1994).
2772:Gimbutas, Marija (1992).
2765:Gimbutas, Marija (1991).
2758:Gimbutas, Marija (1989).
2744:Gimbutas, Marija (1981).
2737:Gimbutas, Marija (1974).
2730:Gimbutas, Marija (1974).
2723:Gimbutas, Marija (1971).
2716:Gimbutas, Marija (1965).
2707:Gimbutas, Marija (1963).
2693:Gimbutas, Marija (1958).
2686:Gimbutas, Marija (1958).
2672:Gimbutas, Marija (1956).
2665:Gimbutas, Marija (1946).
1604:Historical Vedic religion
881:Chalcolithic (Copper Age)
41:
3980:Harvard University Press
3789:publications indexed by
3477:– via biorxiv.org.
3227:Ware & Braukman 2004
3210:Ware & Braukman 2004
3147:Ware & Braukman 2004
2996:Archaeology and Language
2985:Archaeology and Language
2947:13(1â2) (1985): 185â202.
2898:. 43(2) (1979): 113â137.
2769:. San Francisco: Harper.
2510:The Year the Horses Came
2115:Marija BirutÄ AlseikaitÄ
1609:Ancient Iranian religion
972:Novotitarovskaya culture
819:Indo-European migrations
58:Marija BirutÄ AlseikaitÄ
4066:Scientists from Vilnius
2851:American Anthropologist
2500:Carpinteria, California
2399:haplogroups R1b and R1a
2219:(1940â41) and then the
2180:Juozas Tumas-VaiĆŸgantas
1110:Northern/Eastern Steppe
94:Los Angeles, California
3488:Hayden, Brian (1987).
2955:27(4) (1986): 305â307.
2549:
2541:
2514:The Horses at the Gate
2431:English-speaking world
2426:
2395:Indo-European Urheimat
2291:University of TĂŒbingen
2193:
2056:
1581:Religion and mythology
1540:Medieval Scandinavians
831:Alternative and fringe
117:
3866:Marler, Joan (1997),
3119:Johann Jakob Bachofen
2547:
2535:
2494:on the campus of the
2412:
2338:Indo-European studies
2273:University of Vilnius
2188:
2169:PolishâLithuanian War
2129:, the capital of the
1931:Indo-European studies
1294:Peoples and societies
4051:Lithuanian feminists
3816:, pp. 295â314,
3771:The Atlantic Monthly
3640:C. Spretnak (2011).
3023:, 11(2) (1990): 1â5.
2989:Current Anthropology
2953:Current Anthropology
2912:33(6) (1980): 41â50.
2891:30, 1 (1977): 44â51.
2788:The Living Goddesses
2565:Egyptian hieroglyphs
2540:, MickeviÄius Street
2522:The Village of Bones
2244:Petraƥiƫnai Cemetery
2142:University of Berlin
2092:, which located the
838:Anatolian hypothesis
790:Proto-Indo-Europeans
697:Hittite inscriptions
242:Indo-European topics
3752:Cathy Gere (2009),
3728:A. Fleming (1969),
3700:European prehistory
3598:on February 4, 2004
3422:10.1038/nature14507
3414:2015Natur.522..167A
3357:10.1038/NATURE14317
3339:2015Natur.522..207H
3037:44 (1993): 205â222
3009:18 (1990): 225â284.
2987:by Colin Renfrew",
2983:1988: "A Review of
2853:65 (1963): 815â836
2669:TĂŒbingen: H. Laupp.
2518:The Fires of Spring
2490:, is housed in the
2425:, in September 1989
2334:Proto-Indo-European
2287:history of religion
2146:University of Tartu
2065:['ÉĄÉȘmbutas]
1094:Multi-cordoned ware
965:Mikhaylovka culture
853:Indigenous Aryanism
843:Armenian hypothesis
702:Hieroglyphic Luwian
218:Veronika AlseikienÄ
4026:American feminists
3773:, January 1, 2001.
3735:2016-05-31 at the
3504:. pp. 17â30.
3212:, pp. 234â35.
3049:Collected articles
2905:8 (1980): 273â315.
2884:5 (1977): 277â338.
2593:The New York Times
2550:
2542:
2427:
2302:Harvard University
2184:Jonas BasanaviÄius
674:Proto-Indo-Iranian
660:Proto-Balto-Slavic
641:Proto-Italo-Celtic
128:Vilnius University
4061:Indo-Europeanists
3989:978-0-674-01488-6
3915:978-0-7914-3811-4
3885:978-1-879198-25-8
3852:978-80-901934-0-6
3823:978-0-415-15760-5
3741:World Archaeology
3408:(7555): 167â172.
3323:(7555): 207â211.
2919:8 (I-2), 9 (I-2).
2755:Vilnius: Mokslas.
2647:on the island of
2630:in her 2000 book
2618:revealed that in
2582:Charlene Spretnak
2476:economic equality
2345:Bronze Age Europe
2323:Kurgan hypothesis
2316:Kurgan hypothesis
2238:Gimbutas died in
2221:German occupation
2217:Soviet occupation
2123:Danielius Alseika
2090:Kurgan hypothesis
2046:
2045:
1307:Anatolian peoples
1277:Painted Grey Ware
1165:Nordic Bronze Age
814:Kurgan hypothesis
767:Old Irish glosses
732:Gaulish epigraphy
227:
226:
212:Danielius Alseika
166:Kurgan hypothesis
144:Years active
118:Marija GimbutienÄ
76:Central Lithuania
16:(Redirected from
4108:
3992:
3948:
3918:
3888:
3855:
3826:
3774:
3763:
3757:
3750:
3744:
3726:
3720:
3713:
3707:
3698:S. Milisauskas,
3696:
3690:
3687:
3681:
3673:Paul Kiparsky, "
3671:
3665:
3664:
3646:
3637:
3631:
3619:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3594:. Archived from
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3570:Opusarchives.org
3562:
3556:
3555:
3549:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3528:. Archived from
3522:
3516:
3515:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3368:
3350:
3332:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3063:Studies in honor
2998:by C. Renfrew",
2600:David W. Anthony
2574:The Masks of God
2405:Late archaeology
2235:1954 in Boston.
2213:Second World War
2067:
2062:
2038:
2031:
2024:
1879:
1872:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1727:
1713:
1706:
1692:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1647:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1437:Germanic peoples
1427:Hellenic peoples
1416:
1409:
1402:
1325:Mycenaean Greeks
1314:
1242:Thraco-Cimmerian
1140:Globular Amphora
1117:Abashevo culture
1056:
1049:
1019:
974:
967:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
762:Tocharian script
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
430:
423:
416:
383:
369:
362:
355:
341:
317:
310:
291:
252:
229:
174:
110:Other names
89:
86:February 2, 1994
68:January 23, 1921
67:
65:
46:
32:
21:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4105:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3965:
3921:
3916:
3891:
3886:
3865:
3853:
3836:
3824:
3802:
3799:
3797:Further reading
3787:Marija Gimbutas
3783:
3778:
3777:
3764:
3760:
3751:
3747:
3737:Wayback Machine
3727:
3723:
3714:
3710:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3672:
3668:
3644:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3622:Peter Steinfels
3620:
3611:
3601:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3542:
3535:
3533:
3532:on June 6, 2010
3526:"Archived copy"
3524:
3523:
3519:
3512:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3470:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3233:
3225:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3145:
3132:
3127:
3109:Lewis H. Morgan
3095:
3065:
3051:
2877:1 (1973): 1â21.
2832:
2797:
2662:
2657:
2563:in deciphering
2553:Joseph Campbell
2530:
2488:Joseph Campbell
2484:
2407:
2318:
2257:
2252:
2209:
2165:Vilniaus ĆĄviesa
2148:in 1910. After
2111:
2106:
2060:
2049:Marija Gimbutas
2042:
2013:
2012:
1945:Marija Gimbutas
1933:
1923:
1922:
1914:Winter solstice
1904:Horse sacrifice
1875:
1868:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1751:
1736:
1723:
1709:
1702:
1688:
1679:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1613:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1516:
1503:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1371:
1358:
1345:
1316:
1310:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1260:
1237:
1224:
1212:
1193:
1135:
1112:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1052:
1045:
1036:
1034:Northern Europe
1015:
1011:
998:
985:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
917:Steppe cultures
890:
883:
876:
868:
867:
858:Baltic homeland
832:
828:
824:Eurasian nomads
808:
804:
780:
772:
771:
742:Runic epigraphy
737:Latin epigraphy
692:
684:
683:
621:Proto-Anatolian
605:
560:
556:Thraco-Illyrian
541:Graeco-Phrygian
531:Graeco-Armenian
526:Graeco-Albanian
505:
483:
470:
461:
454:
447:
440:
433:
426:
419:
412:
379:
365:
358:
351:
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306:
287:
272:
264:
262:
223:
196:
191:
186:
181:
172:
124:Alma mater
97:
91:
87:
78:
69:
63:
61:
60:
59:
49:
37:
36:Marija Gimbutas
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4114:
4112:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3932:(262): 74â86,
3919:
3914:
3889:
3884:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3834:
3827:
3822:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3791:Google Scholar
3782:
3781:External links
3779:
3776:
3775:
3758:
3745:
3743:1(2), 247â261.
3721:
3708:
3691:
3682:
3666:
3632:
3609:
3582:
3557:
3517:
3510:
3480:
3467:10.1101/016477
3443:
3387:
3348:10.1101/013433
3302:
3277:
3267:
3265:, p. 119.
3255:
3253:, p. 300.
3243:
3241:, p. 118.
3231:
3229:, p. 235.
3214:
3202:
3190:
3188:, p. 116.
3178:
3176:, p. 115.
3163:
3161:, p. 114.
3151:
3129:
3128:
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3003:
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2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2868:
2861:
2847:
2840:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2796:
2795:Edited volumes
2793:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2639:The 2009 book
2557:Ashley Montagu
2529:
2526:
2483:
2480:
2406:
2403:
2317:
2314:
2306:Peabody Museum
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2208:
2205:
2161:Vilniaus ĆŸodis
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2088:" and for her
2074:anthropologist
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1899:Fire sacrifice
1895:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1873:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1744:
1743:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1690:Zoroastrianism
1672:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1560:
1559:
1557:Medieval India
1548:
1547:
1542:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1511:
1510:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1439:
1434:
1432:Italic peoples
1429:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1366:
1365:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1268:
1267:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1232:
1231:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1210:
1208:Gandhara grave
1205:
1200:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:Middle Dnieper
1050:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1009:Eastern Europe
1006:
1005:
993:
992:
980:
979:
978:
977:
976:
975:
968:
954:
947:
940:
937:DnieperâDonets
933:
926:
914:
912:Kurgan culture
909:
908:
907:
897:
885:
884:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
866:
865:
860:
855:
850:
848:Beech argument
845:
840:
834:
833:
827:
826:
821:
816:
810:
809:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
671:
657:
652:
638:
631:Proto-Germanic
628:
626:Proto-Armenian
623:
618:
616:Proto-Albanian
612:
611:
604:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
567:
566:
559:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
512:
511:
504:
503:
502:
501:
477:
476:
469:
468:
467:
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:
424:
417:
405:
400:
394:
393:
387:
386:
385:
384:
372:
371:
370:
363:
356:
344:
343:
342:
330:
325:
320:
319:
318:
311:
299:
294:
293:
292:
279:
278:
271:
270:
263:
258:
257:
254:
253:
245:
244:
238:
237:
225:
224:
222:
221:
215:
208:
206:
202:
201:
175:
169:
168:
163:
162:Known for
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
92:
90:(aged 73)
84:
80:
79:
70:
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4113:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3991:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3976:Massachusetts
3973:
3969:
3964:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3597:
3593:
3586:
3583:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3511:9789060322888
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3481:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3391:
3388:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3306:
3303:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3152:
3149:, p. 234
3148:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:J. P. Mallory
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:Yamna culture
3097:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2969:. Rome, 1987.
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:Pyramid Texts
2612:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2591:commented to
2590:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2561:Rosetta Stone
2558:
2554:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2391:Kurgan theory
2387:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Jonas Puzinas
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2138:ophthalmology
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2098:Pontic Steppe
2095:
2091:
2087:
2084:cultures of "
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:archaeologist
2066:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:J. P. Mallory
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:Reconstructed
1585:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1414:Insular Celts
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:Indo-Iranians
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1072:Pontic Steppe
1066:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
997:
991:
988:
987:
986:
984:
973:
969:
966:
962:
961:
959:
955:
952:
948:
945:
941:
938:
934:
931:
927:
924:
920:
919:
918:
915:
913:
910:
906:
905:Kurgan stelae
903:
902:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
891:
889:
888:Pontic Steppe
882:
879:
878:
872:
871:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
830:
829:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
806:
805:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
776:
775:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
688:
687:
679:
678:Proto-Iranian
675:
672:
669:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
650:
646:
642:
639:
636:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
610:
607:
606:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
565:
562:
561:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
521:Daco-Thracian
519:
517:
514:
513:
510:
507:
506:
500:
496:
492:
488:
485:
484:
482:
479:
478:
475:
474:Reconstructed
472:
471:
464:
460:
457:
453:
450:
446:
443:
439:
436:
432:
429:
425:
422:
418:
415:
411:
410:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
392:
389:
388:
382:
378:
377:
376:
373:
368:
364:
361:
357:
354:
350:
349:
348:
345:
340:
336:
335:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
316:
312:
309:
305:
304:
303:
300:
298:
295:
290:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
274:
273:
269:
266:
265:
261:
256:
255:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
207:
203:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
176:
170:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
138:Archaeologist
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
85:
81:
77:
73:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3967:
3959:
3952:
3929:
3923:
3893:
3867:
3859:
3838:
3830:
3805:
3770:
3761:
3753:
3748:
3740:
3724:
3716:
3711:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3685:
3669:
3652:
3648:
3635:
3625:
3602:February 19,
3600:. Retrieved
3596:the original
3585:
3573:. Retrieved
3569:
3560:
3534:. Retrieved
3530:the original
3520:
3502:B. R. GrĂŒner
3493:
3483:
3471:. Retrieved
3457:
3446:
3405:
3401:
3390:
3378:. Retrieved
3320:
3316:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3289:
3280:
3270:
3258:
3251:Chapman 1998
3246:
3234:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3154:
3104:VinÄa script
3085:
3078:
3070:
3055:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2984:
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2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2655:Bibliography
2640:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2610:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2572:
2568:
2551:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2485:
2469:
2458:Old European
2453:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2419:County Meath
2388:
2365:
2360:
2342:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2310:
2299:
2296:
2284:
2281:
2261:ethnographic
2258:
2237:
2233:
2229:Nazi Germany
2225:
2210:
2194:
2189:
2173:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2135:
2114:
2112:
2048:
2047:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1971:Publications
1970:
1956:
1944:
1937:
1891:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:Paleo-Balkan
1746:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1674:
1673:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1586:
1569:Greater Iran
1562:
1561:
1550:
1549:
1513:
1512:
1500:
1499:
1442:Paleo-Balkan
1407:Celtiberians
1386:
1385:
1368:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1270:
1269:
1257:
1256:
1234:
1233:
1221:
1220:
1190:
1189:
1132:
1131:
1109:
1108:
1071:
1070:
1033:
1032:
1008:
1007:
995:
994:
982:
981:
923:BugâDniester
887:
886:
752:Gothic Bible
668:Proto-Baltic
664:Proto-Slavic
649:Proto-Italic
645:Proto-Celtic
608:
563:
551:Italo-Celtic
546:Indo-Hittite
536:Graeco-Aryan
509:Hypothetical
508:
473:
408:Paleo-Balkan
390:
347:Indo-Iranian
302:Balto-Slavic
275:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
173:Notable work
88:(1994-02-02)
29:
4011:1994 deaths
4006:1921 births
3876:Connecticut
3263:Marler 1998
3239:Marler 1998
3200:, p. 9
3198:Marler 1997
3186:Marler 1998
3174:Marler 1998
3159:Marler 1998
2910:Archaeology
2889:Archaeology
2579:ecofeminist
2506:Mary Mackey
2466:patriarchal
2462:gynocentric
2269:linguistics
2240:Los Angeles
2223:(1941â43).
1849:Continental
1842:Anglo-Saxon
1545:Middle Ages
1495:Middle Ages
1350:Indo-Aryans
1343:Indo-Aryans
1150:Bell Beaker
1145:Corded ware
1041:Corded ware
930:Sredny Stog
875:Archaeology
655:Proto-Greek
635:Proto-Norse
102:Nationality
4056:Matriarchy
4031:Balticists
4000:Categories
3872:Manchester
3460:: 016477.
3330:1502.02783
3125:References
2660:Monographs
2607:Peter Ucko
2380:Achilleion
2349:prehistory
2109:Early life
2086:Old Europe
2082:Bronze Age
2061:pronounced
2053:Lithuanian
1957:Institutes
1877:Lithuanian
1631:Indo-Aryan
1617:Historical
1551:Indo-Aryan
1508:Tocharians
1422:Cimmerians
1300:Bronze Age
1191:South Asia
1065:Bronze Age
1003:Afanasievo
807:Mainstream
571:Vocabulary
491:Sound laws
353:Indo-Aryan
134:Occupation
114:Lithuanian
105:Lithuanian
64:1921-01-23
3972:Cambridge
3955:74: 80â4.
3953:Antiquity
3946:162614650
3925:Antiquity
3814:Routledge
3715:P. Ucko,
3661:2162-6871
3575:August 7,
3498:Amsterdam
3473:August 7,
3380:August 7,
3295:August 7,
3290:Brown.edu
2725:The Slavs
2710:The Balts
2528:Reception
2482:Influence
2471:matristic
2443:Wiesbaden
2415:Newgrange
2104:Biography
2078:Neolithic
1892:Practices
1711:Yarsanism
1521:Albanians
1501:East Asia
1488:Scythians
1480:Phrygians
1473:Paeonians
1466:Illyrians
1452:Thracians
1369:East Asia
1320:Armenians
1247:Hallstatt
1229:Chernoles
1170:Terramare
1160:Trzciniec
1127:Sintashta
1122:Andronovo
1023:CernavodÄ
996:East Asia
951:Khvalynsk
691:Philology
601:Particles
487:Phonology
428:Liburnian
403:Tocharian
398:Anatolian
367:Nuristani
260:Languages
198:The Slavs
193:The Balts
147:1949â1991
3902:New York
3810:New York
3733:Archived
3655:: 1â27.
3546:cite web
3430:26062507
3375:25731166
3093:See also
2830:Articles
2628:feminism
2437:(1974);
2384:Thessaly
2376:Sitagroi
1938:Scholars
1836:Germanic
1807:Scottish
1772:Thracian
1766:Illyrian
1760:Albanian
1748:European
1741:Armenian
1725:Ossetian
1719:Scythian
1704:Yazidism
1654:Buddhism
1645:Hinduism
1536:Norsemen
1446:Anatolia
1363:Iranians
1356:Iranians
1337:Iron Age
1312:Hittites
1265:Colchian
1258:Caucasus
1216:Iron Age
1185:Lusatian
1180:Urnfield
1104:Srubnaya
1099:Poltavka
1089:Catacomb
1028:Cucuteni
983:Caucasus
800:Religion
785:Homeland
727:Behistun
707:Linear B
596:Numerals
591:Pronouns
516:Balkanic
463:Thracian
456:Phrygian
449:Paeonian
435:Messapic
421:Illyrian
333:Hellenic
328:Germanic
297:Armenian
289:Albanian
283:Albanoid
234:a series
232:Part of
220:(mother)
214:(father)
152:Employer
3624:(1990)
3536:May 27,
3458:bioRxiv
3452:2015).
3438:4399103
3410:Bibcode
3366:5048219
3343:bioRxiv
3335:Bibcode
3317:bioRxiv
2645:Knossos
2454:Goddess
2423:Ireland
2351:of the
2289:, from
2176:Vydƫnas
2140:at the
2127:Vilnius
2096:in the
1870:Latvian
1828:Cornish
1698:Kurdish
1684:Persian
1676:Iranian
1668:Sikhism
1661:Jainism
1624:Hittite
1563:Iranian
1459:Dacians
1252:Jastorf
1175:Tumulus
1155:ĂnÄtice
1084:Yamnaya
1079:Chariot
1017:Usatovo
958:Yamnaya
795:Society
779:Origins
712:Rigveda
564:Grammar
391:Extinct
381:Romance
360:Iranian
205:Parents
72:Vilnius
3986:
3944:
3912:
3898:Albany
3882:
3849:
3843:Prague
3820:
3659:
3508:
3436:
3428:
3402:Nature
3373:
3363:
3345:
2875:(JIES)
2577:. The
2538:Kaunas
2520:, and
2329:Kurgan
2250:Career
2199:, the
2197:Kaunas
2182:, and
1885:Slavic
1864:Baltic
1814:Breton
1794:Celtic
1778:Dacian
1734:Others
1514:Europe
1387:Europe
1381:Yuezhi
1235:Europe
1222:Steppe
1133:Europe
990:Maykop
944:Samara
900:Kurgan
717:Avesta
499:Ablaut
495:Accent
442:Mysian
414:Dacian
375:Italic
323:Celtic
315:Slavic
308:Baltic
276:Extant
200:(1971)
195:(1961)
190:(1991)
185:(1989)
180:(1974)
96:, U.S.
3942:S2CID
3645:(PDF)
3434:S2CID
3325:arXiv
2649:Crete
2620:Egypt
2357:Slavs
2353:Balts
1856:Norse
1821:Welsh
1800:Irish
1789:Roman
1784:Greek
1639:Vedic
1531:Slavs
1526:Balts
1400:Gauls
1394:Celts
1376:Wusun
1271:India
1047:Baden
747:Ogham
722:Homer
609:Other
586:Nouns
581:Verbs
339:Greek
3984:ISBN
3910:ISBN
3880:ISBN
3847:ISBN
3818:ISBN
3657:ISSN
3604:2004
3577:2018
3552:link
3538:2010
3506:ISBN
3475:2018
3426:PMID
3382:2018
3371:PMID
3297:2018
3035:Word
3007:JIES
2945:JIES
2917:JIES
2903:JIES
2882:JIES
2555:and
2452:The
2378:and
2372:Ć tip
2368:UCLA
2355:and
2121:and
2080:and
2072:and
1918:Yule
1909:Sati
1198:BMAC
576:Root
83:Died
54:Born
3934:doi
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3462:doi
3418:doi
3406:522
3361:PMC
3353:doi
3321:522
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2855:doi
2498:in
2382:in
2125:in
2117:to
1203:Yaz
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