77:
852:
any habilitation, is paid at the end of the academic year nearly €3000 for the entire academic year, without salary during the academic year. There are about 28 thousand "Professori a contratto" in Italy, . Associate
Professors have a gross salary in between 52.937,59 and 96.186,12 euros per year, Full Professors have a gross salary in between 75.431,76 and 131.674 Euros per year, and adjunct professors of around 3,000 euros per year.
2417:
1176:. A research professor is usually the most senior rank of a research-focused career pathway in those countries and is regarded as equal to the ordinary full professor rank. Most often they are permanent employees, and the position is often held by particularly distinguished scholars; thus the position is often seen as more prestigious than an ordinary full professorship. The title is used in a somewhat similar sense in the
4374:
788:
451:
2405:
309:
442:, even if these persons do not have the academic qualifications typically necessary for professorship and they do not take up professorial duties. However, such "professors" usually do not undertake academic work for the granting institution. In general, the title of professor is strictly used for academic positions rather than for those holding it on honorary basis.
2393:
536:
Other roles of professorial tasks depend on the institution, its legacy, protocols, place (country), and time. For example, professors at research-oriented universities in North
America and, generally, at European universities, are promoted primarily on the basis of research achievements and external
1333:
Since the 1980s and 1990s, various stereotypes were re-evaluated, including professors. Writers began to depict professors as just normal human beings and might be quite well-rounded in abilities, excelling both in intelligence and in physical skills. An example of a fictional professor not depicted
918:
factor in the university was enhanced by legislation in 2001 (LOU). Some indicative numbers can be interesting, in spite of the variance in the data. We report net monthly payments (after taxes and social security fees), without bonuses: Ayudante, €1,200; Ayudante Doctor, €1,400; Contratado Doctor;
1414:
professor at the fictional
Middleton University. Early in the series, Annalise is a self-sufficient and confident woman, respected for being a great law professor and a great lawyer, feared and admired by her students, whose image breaks down as the series progresses. Sandra Oh stars as an English
851:
As late as 2021, in the
Italian universities there are about 18 thousand Assistant Professors, 23 thousand Associate Professors, and 14 thousand Full Professors. The role of "professore a contratto" (the equivalent of an "adjunct professor"), a non-tenured position which does not require a PhD nor
826:
46,680 in group "W2" (mid-level) and €56,683 in group "W3" (the highest level), without performance-related bonuses. The anticipated average earnings with performance-related bonuses for a German professor is €71,500. The anticipated average earnings of a professor working in
Switzerland vary for
968:
In 2007 the Dutch social fund for the academic sector SoFoKleS commissioned a comparative study of the wage structure of academic professions in the
Netherlands in relation to that of other countries. Among the countries reviewed are the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Germany,
406:
professor is a title given to selected retired professors with whom the university wishes to continue to be associated due to their stature and ongoing research. Emeritus professors do not receive a salary, but they are often given office or lab space, and use of libraries, labs, and so on.
1521:". Aside from such examples in the performing arts, one apparently novel example is known where the title of professor has latterly been applied to a college appointee with an explicitly "non-academic role", which seems to be primarily linked to claims of "strategic importance".
956:. This usage differs from the predominant usage of the word "professor" internationally, where the unqualified word "professor" only refers to full professors. The majority of university lecturers and instructors in the United States, as of 2015, do not occupy these
878:
The salaries of civil servant professors in Spain are fixed on a nationwide basis, but there are some bonuses related to performance and seniority and a number of bonuses granted by the
Autonomous Regional governments. These bonuses include three-year premiums
810:. In addition, a professor who undertakes additional roles in their institution (e.g., department chair, dean, head of graduate studies, etc.) sometimes earns additional income. Some professors also earn additional income by moonlighting in other jobs, such as
1167:
In a number of countries, the title "research professor" refers to a professor who is exclusively or mainly engaged in research, and who has few or no teaching obligations. For example, the title is used in this sense in the
265:; this is particularly the case in the United States, where the unqualified word is also used colloquially to refer to associate and assistant professors as well, and often to instructors or lecturers.
1352:
movie franchise had a significant impact on the previous stereotype, and created a new archetype which is both deeply knowledgeable and physically capable. The character generally referred to simply as
1180:, with the exception that research professors in the United States are often not permanent employees and often must fund their salary from external sources, which is usually not the case elsewhere.
919:€1,800; Profesor Titular, €2,000; Catedrático, €2,400. There are a total of 14 payments per year, including 2 extra payments in July and December (but for less than a normal monthly payment).
814:, publishing academic or popular press books, giving speeches, or coaching executives. Some fields (e.g., business and computer science) give professors more opportunities for outside work.
1367:, although described alternatively as a high-school science teacher or research scientist, is depicted as a sensible advisor, a clever inventor, and a helpful friend to his fellow
300:. The role of professor may be more public-facing than that of more junior staff, and professors are expected to be national or international leaders in their field of expertise.
3450:
973:
and taxes. Because of differences between institutions in the US and UK these countries have two listings of which one denotes the salary in top-tier institutions (based on the
689:
594:
2914:
2876:
2839:
2802:
1425:
Mysterious, older men with magical powers (and unclear academic standing) are sometimes given the title of "Professor" in literature and theater. Notable examples include
746:
508:, including consulting functions (such as advising government and nonprofit organizations) or providing expert commentary on TV or radio news or public affairs programs;
822:
A report from 2005 by the "Deutscher
Hochschulverband DHV", a lobby group for German professors, the salary of professors, the annual salary of a German professor is
899:, according to compliance with research criteria laid down by the national government). These salary bonuses are relatively small. Nevertheless, the total number of
1756:
3090:
394:
applies to most post-doctoral academics, so a larger percentage are thus designated. In these areas, professors are scholars with doctorate degrees (typically
292:. In many universities, full professors take on senior managerial roles such as leading departments, research teams and institutes, and filling roles such as
4403:
4178:
4053:
4063:
2775:
664:
569:
4321:
3219:
2451:
2086:
358:'lay claim to, declare openly'". As a title that is "prefixed to a name, it dates from 1706". The "hort form prof is recorded from 1838". The term
4170:
4108:
1821:
1643:
4150:
3481:
3127:
739:
435:
Beyond holding the proper academic title, universities in many countries also give notable artists, athletes and foreign dignitaries the title
4145:
2306:
1618:
4155:
1422:
The series includes her character's negotiation of liberal arts campus politics, in particular issues of racism, sexism, and social mores.
714:
674:
574:
1354:
1203:
individuals often lost in thought. In many cases, fictional professors are socially or physically awkward. Examples include the 1961 film
521:
Conducting administrative or managerial functions, usually at a high level (e.g. deans, heads of departments, research centers, etc.); and
2237:
4188:
2544:
2539:
1453:. A variation of this type of non-academic professor is the "crackpot inventor", as portrayed by Professor Potts in the film version of
941:
719:
980:
The table below shows the final reference wages (per year) expressed in net amounts of Dutch euros in 2014 (i.e., converted into Dutch
4336:
4316:
4295:
1934:
4300:
4183:
4026:
1757:"What makes an expert university teacher? A systematic review and synthesis of frameworks for teacher expertise in higher education"
1172:(where it is known as a research professor at some universities and professorial research fellow at some other institutions) and in
732:
659:
1666:
4048:
2829:
2525:
1691:
1177:
933:
928:
383:
2109:
4038:
2768:
694:
4331:
4103:
4098:
3582:
2211:
1394:
1219:
stories. Professors have also been portrayed as being misguided into an evil pathway, such as
Professor Metz, who helped
4326:
4160:
4125:
4076:
3800:
2444:
1189:
432:
as used in the United
Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries; ranking above senior lecturer and below full professor.
249:, "professor" as an unqualified title refers only to the most senior academic position, sometimes informally known as "
30:
4280:
4270:
4137:
3345:
2825:
1406:
1251:
1228:
1205:
564:
1985:
4260:
3599:
3120:
1417:
709:
654:
589:
59:
2421:
76:
4285:
4225:
2761:
1540:
1335:
1277:
969:
Belgium, France, Sweden and the Netherlands. To improve comparability, adjustments have been made to correct for
624:
619:
609:
599:
437:
362:
is also used with a different meaning: "ne professing religion. This canting use of the word comes down from the
324:
was first used in the late 14th century to mean 'one who teaches a branch of knowledge'. The word comes "...from
2409:
2010:
792:
4230:
4220:
3577:
3389:
2894:
2472:
1215:
704:
684:
679:
669:
644:
634:
614:
579:
387:
1868:
797:
4408:
4398:
4377:
4275:
4210:
2821:
2681:
2660:
2437:
2161:
2153:
1455:
1200:
873:
699:
649:
639:
629:
604:
584:
375:
472:, research, and publications in their departments (in countries where a professor is head of a department);
4235:
3864:
3606:
2867:
2676:
2620:
2587:
2477:
1619:"Assistant? Associate? What the words before "professor" mean: Titles may not mean what you think they do"
1377:
840:
554:
546:
427:
277:
246:
199:
2397:
1755:
van Dijk, Esther E.; van Tartwijk, Jan; van der Schaaf, Marieke F.; Kluijtmans, Manon (1 November 2020).
4290:
4265:
4255:
4245:
4240:
4093:
3161:
3113:
2928:
2715:
2082:
498:
422:, which are not considered professor-level positions in all European countries. In Australia, the title
2362:
2035:
464:
Professors are qualified experts in their field who generally perform some or all the following tasks:
4351:
4346:
4250:
4120:
4071:
3465:
3431:
3416:
3252:
3199:
3042:
2998:
2904:
2890:
2848:
2793:
1477:
1415:
professor, Ji-Yoon Kim, recently promoted to the role of department chair in the 2021 Netflix series
1363:
1223:
832:
458:
293:
3735:
3540:
3515:
3495:
3399:
3056:
3033:
3018:
2591:
2515:
2510:
1530:
1445:
1281:
418:
412:
281:
262:
258:
161:
2314:
3892:
3874:
3869:
3857:
3691:
3510:
3490:
3460:
3242:
3214:
2960:
2737:
2650:
2645:
2629:
2610:
2572:
2183:
1843:
1730:
1546:
1305:
1269:
1233:
1210:
363:
227:
55:
2885:
2336:
153:
893:, according to compliance with teaching criteria set by the university) and six-year premiums (
3897:
3815:
3552:
3505:
3443:
3272:
3052:
2816:
2135:
1916:
1781:
1535:
1401:
1319:
1300:, the teachers are known as professors, many of whom play important roles, notably Professors
807:
525:
512:
505:
491:
269:
4341:
4215:
4115:
3945:
3753:
3643:
3594:
3567:
3320:
3315:
3168:
3082:
3038:
2955:
2811:
2520:
1771:
1564:
1386:
1286:
1261:
981:
974:
970:
880:
802:
DHV. Bars are for assistant professor, associate professor and full professor, respectively.
768:
4086:
3778:
3589:
3335:
3325:
3077:
3061:
3023:
3008:
2975:
2785:
2742:
2703:
2655:
2615:
2582:
2487:
1986:"Salary Sapienza University of Rome Italy (in Italian) Tabella stipendi personale Docente"
1461:
1265:
1241:
1173:
297:
285:
165:
157:
81:
864:, the salary of a professor in any public university is 447,300 SAR, or 119 217.18 USD
4043:
3987:
3826:
3783:
3711:
3455:
3426:
3351:
3305:
3247:
3204:
3047:
3003:
2853:
2730:
1799:
1518:
1514:
1506:
1439:
1169:
828:
2416:
1471:. Other professors of this type are the thoughtful and kind Professor Digory Kirke of
4392:
3884:
3681:
3470:
3340:
3330:
3288:
3262:
3257:
3194:
3154:
2687:
2188:
1592:
1372:
1348:
1309:
1255:
454:
342:'person who professes to be an expert in some art or science; teacher of highest rank
273:
450:
3917:
3844:
3623:
3613:
3532:
3282:
3189:
3139:
2965:
2725:
2720:
2709:
2698:
1559:
1467:
1339:
1327:
1292:
1220:
957:
1254:, a typical absent-minded but genius-level professor. A related stereotype is the
787:
288:, professors may mentor and supervise graduate students conducting research for a
1917:"University L'Orientale of Naples – table of annual fees for contract professors"
1776:
143:
Academic knowledge, research, writing journal articles or book chapters, teaching
4081:
3912:
3902:
3852:
3834:
3745:
3706:
3500:
3411:
3394:
3028:
1498:
1494:
1472:
1426:
1398:
1390:
1323:
1273:
495:
3927:
3267:
1450:
1343:
1301:
1196:
915:
836:
811:
764:
399:
353:
347:
325:
308:
223:
203:
2139:
1785:
1385:
of the strict, authoritarian professor who demands perfection from students.
771:
throughout the world follow a similar hierarchical ranking structure amongst
3973:
3968:
3935:
3907:
3795:
3790:
3726:
3701:
3562:
3277:
3209:
2923:
2753:
2404:
1510:
1237:
108:
2429:
2392:
940:. In the U.S., the word "professor" informally refers collectively to the
484:
3982:
3954:
3940:
3807:
3773:
3731:
3716:
3676:
3421:
2577:
2549:
1553:
1490:
1368:
1346:, who is skilled at both scholarship and fighting. The popularity of the
1297:
1246:
937:
776:
772:
760:
469:
403:
313:
195:
179:
128:
112:
2284:
2262:
2212:"A new lie has consequences for everyone on How To Get Away With Murder"
2123:
3978:
3963:
3959:
3721:
3671:
3663:
3653:
3557:
3545:
3404:
3300:
3294:
1502:
1382:
524:
Assessing students in their fields of expertise (e.g., through grading
480:
476:
219:
191:
116:
1437:
and Professor Drosselmeyer (as he is sometimes known) from the ballet
3950:
3763:
3696:
3636:
3631:
3438:
3013:
2980:
2970:
2899:
2693:
1358:
1314:
1195:
Traditional fictional portrayals of professors, in accordance with a
529:
289:
239:
1935:"Essere professore a contratto all'università...per 3,75 euro l'ora"
1375:'s portrayal of law school professor Charles W. Kingsfield, Jr., in
3758:
3686:
3237:
1894:
1430:
786:
449:
334:
307:
235:
1318:, Professor Plum has been depicted as an absent-minded academic.
51:
Academic title at universities and other educational institutions
3768:
3310:
2238:"What 'The Chair' Gets Unexpectedly Right About the Ivory Tower"
823:
398:
degrees) or equivalent qualifications who teach in colleges and
374:
A professor is an accomplished and recognized academic. In most
4012:
3369:
3109:
3105:
2757:
2433:
2011:"Average Professor – Education Salary in Saudi Arabia for 2023"
1509:
and other rough environments have been called "professor". The
328:
1411:
905:
is a prerequisite for being a member of different committees.
395:
2124:"Cinema, Supernatural Archaeology, and the Hidden Human Past"
1960:
835:
and 187,937 CHF (€121,461) to 247,280 CHF (€159,774) at the
284:
courses in their fields of expertise. In universities with
2060:
1443:. Also, the magician played by Christian Bale in the film
988:
NL comparison, 2014, net salaries, in NL purchasing power
54:
For the broader American term for academic employees, see
1800:"Associate Professor – definition of associate professor"
806:
A professor typically earns a base salary and a range of
791:
Salary of professors, as reported in the 2005 report the
2087:"International wage differences in academic occupations"
230:
and research institutions in most countries. Literally,
34:
1667:"Dr Who or Professor Who? On Academic Email Etiquette"
382:
is the highest academic rank at a university. In the
2061:"SoFoKleS | Sociaal Fonds voor de KennisSector"
238:
as a "person who professes". Professors are usually
4309:
4201:
4169:
4136:
4062:
4025:
3926:
3883:
3843:
3825:
3744:
3662:
3622:
3531:
3524:
3479:
3382:
3228:
3182:
3070:
2989:
2948:
2941:
2913:
2875:
2866:
2838:
2801:
2792:
2669:
2638:
2558:
2496:
2465:
185:
171:
147:
139:
134:
122:
102:
94:
89:
1692:"Promoted from doctor to professor: what changes?"
1501:in his role as "The Big Professor". In the past,
839:; the regulations are different depending on the
242:in their field and teachers of the highest rank.
2036:"COE – Characteristics of Postsecondary Faculty"
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
253:". In some countries and institutions, the word
887:, according to seniority), five-year premiums (
378:nations, as well as northern Europe, the title
3091:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
1844:"Difference Between a Teacher and a Professor"
1731:"Difference Between a Teacher and a Professor"
1716:David K. Knox "Socrates: The First Professor"
410:The term professor is also used in the titles
257:is also used in titles of lower ranks such as
3121:
2769:
2445:
2182:Kumari Upadhyaya, Kayla (25 September 2014).
1720:December 1998, Volume 23, Issue 2, pp 115–126
929:Professors in the United States § Salary
909:
900:
894:
888:
740:
8:
3805:
1330:who had an affair with one of his patients.
936:commonly occupy any of several positions in
831:(€102,729) to 232,073 CHF (€149,985) at the
490:Performing, leading and publishing advanced
69:
2210:Kumari Upadhyaya, Kayla (23 October 2015).
1933:Monella, Lillo Montalto (26 January 2018).
1644:"United Kingdom, Academic Career Structure"
1545:(S.T.P.) – degree now awarded as S.T.D. or
351:
337:
316:was one of the earliest recorded professors
18:
4031:
4022:
4009:
3528:
3379:
3366:
3179:
3128:
3114:
3106:
2945:
2872:
2798:
2776:
2762:
2754:
2452:
2438:
2430:
986:
747:
733:
550:
1869:"What exactly is a professor these days?"
1775:
2337:"A working life: The Punch and Judy man"
2040:National Center for Education Statistics
24:This is an accepted version of this page
1576:
553:
20:
2184:"How To Get Away With Murder: "Pilot""
1822:"Australia, Academic Career Structure"
1686:
1684:
68:
1517:show is also traditionally known as "
518:Mentoring more junior academic staff;
7:
1272:, frequently used professors as the
346:"; the Latin term came from the "...
2236:Dettmar, Kevin (2 September 2021).
1188:For a more comprehensive list, see
960:ranks, but are part-time adjuncts.
779:; the list above provides details.
4404:Education and training occupations
3371:
2367:Union Theological College, Belfast
2110:Classification of Ranks and Titles
1049:United Kingdom – top universities
483:in their specialties (i.e., they "
49:
2307:"Music: Machines & Musicians"
2154:"Viola Davis as Annalise Keating"
1296:series, set at the wizard school
1021:United States – top universities
4373:
4372:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2313:. 30 August 1937. Archived from
1665:Hartley, Tom (26 January 2013).
1617:Pettigrew, Todd (17 June 2011).
75:
2830:Certificate of Higher Education
1824:. European University Institute
1646:. European University Institute
1433:franchise, Professor Marvel in
934:Professors in the United States
366:, but is obsolete in England."
4014:
1449:adopts 'The Professor' as his
312:The Ancient Greek philosopher
1:
2420:The dictionary definition of
1395:American Broadcasting Company
1244:. The modern animated series
426:is used in place of the term
1895:"Deutscher Hochschulverband"
1873:Times Higher Education (THE)
1848:Western Governors University
1777:10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100365
1735:Western Governors University
1459:or the Jerry Lewis-inspired
1338:, a professor as well as an
1190:List of fictional professors
2826:Diploma of Higher Education
2565:Research and teaching track
1990:Sapienza Università di Roma
1764:Educational Research Review
1718:Innovative Higher Education
1597:Online Etymology Dictionary
1542:Sacrae Theologiae Professor
1489:The title has been used by
1407:How to Get Away with Murder
1334:as shy or absent-minded is
1252:Professor Hubert Farnsworth
1206:The Absent-Minded Professor
515:in their academic training;
4425:
3220:Weberian (three-component)
1264:, author and professor of
1187:
926:
871:
793:Deutscher Hochschulverband
767:and other institutions of
544:
333:(14c.) and directly from
60:Professor (disambiguation)
53:
4368:
4034:
4021:
4008:
3378:
3365:
3178:
3149:
2263:"The Wizard of Oz (1939)"
1276:in his novels. Professor
268:Professors often conduct
214:(commonly abbreviated as
74:
4342:Pre-industrial East Asia
1802:. Free Online Dictionary
1216:The Adventures of Tintin
908:The importance of these
827:example between 158,953
555:Academic ranks worldwide
457:, Emeritus Professor at
228:post-secondary education
56:Faculty (academic staff)
31:latest accepted revision
3390:Administrative detainee
2822:Higher National Diploma
2682:Distinguished professor
2661:Postdoctoral researcher
2460:Academic ranks overview
2162:The Walt Disney Company
2122:Hiscock, Peter (2012).
1456:Chitty Chitty Bang Bang
1280:is a main character in
1232:; or simply evil, like
874:Academic ranks in Spain
818:Germany and Switzerland
537:grant-raising success.
329:
3806:
2621:Senior research fellow
2408:Quotations related to
1696:Times Higher Education
1493:, such as "Professor"
910:
901:
895:
889:
884:
841:Cantons of Switzerland
803:
547:List of academic ranks
461:
352:
338:
317:
290:thesis or dissertation
58:. For other uses, see
4347:Pre-industrial Europe
2929:Candidate of Sciences
2716:Professor of practice
2497:North American system
2285:"The Prestige (2006)"
2085:(23 September 2015).
2083:SEO Economic Research
1897:. Hochschulverband.de
1240:of British detective
927:Further information:
872:Further information:
790:
453:
311:
4204: or countries
4015:By country or region
3253:Class discrimination
2999:Academic certificate
2891:Postgraduate diploma
2400:at Wikimedia Commons
1478:Chronicles of Narnia
1312:. In the board game
1229:Diamonds Are Forever
999:Associate professor
996:Assistant professor
833:University of Zurich
459:Princeton University
3736:Vanniar (Chieftain)
3034:Professional degree
2592:associate professor
2559:Commonwealth system
2516:Associate professor
2511:Assistant professor
1531:Academic discipline
1381:(1973) remains the
1282:George Bernard Shaw
989:
950:associate professor
946:assistant professor
424:associate professor
419:associate professor
413:assistant professor
272:and commonly teach
263:assistant professor
259:associate professor
245:In most systems of
162:professional degree
71:
21:Page version status
4317:18th-century Spain
4171:Standard of living
3875:Upper middle class
3870:Lower middle class
3461:Political prisoner
3243:Chattering classes
3215:Spoon class theory
2961:Doctor of Sciences
2738:Teaching assistant
2651:Research associate
2646:Research assistant
2630:research professor
2611:Research assistant
2573:Associate lecturer
1875:. 13 November 2015
1698:. 14 November 2016
1547:Doctor of Divinity
1485:Non-academic usage
1404:television series
1357:on the television
1234:Professor Moriarty
1211:Professor Calculus
1163:Research professor
987:
804:
462:
364:Elizabethan period
318:
149:Education required
27:
4386:
4385:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4197:
4196:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3898:Lumpenproletariat
3400:illegal immigrant
3361:
3360:
3273:Classless society
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3053:Specialist degree
2937:
2936:
2905:Engineer's degree
2862:
2861:
2849:Bachelor's degree
2817:Foundation degree
2751:
2750:
2540:Adjunct professor
2396:Media related to
2363:"REINFORCEMENTS!"
1591:Harper, Douglas.
1536:Adjunct professor
1364:Gilligan's Island
1320:Christopher Lloyd
1160:
1159:
860:According to The
808:employee benefits
757:
756:
513:graduate students
506:community service
492:original research
270:original research
209:
208:
4416:
4376:
4375:
4203:
4104:Mexican-American
4032:
4023:
4010:
3811:
3754:Business magnate
3644:Knowledge worker
3529:
3417:dual or multiple
3380:
3367:
3321:Social exclusion
3316:Social cleansing
3230:
3180:
3169:Economic classes
3130:
3123:
3116:
3107:
3039:Graduate diploma
2956:Higher doctorate
2946:
2873:
2812:Associate degree
2799:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2755:
2639:Junior positions
2532:Non-tenure track
2521:Professor (full)
2478:Ranks and titles
2454:
2447:
2440:
2431:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2369:. 26 August 2021
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2343:. 22 August 2008
2333:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2317:on 17 April 2008
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2275:
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2272:
2270:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2134:(2/3): 156–177.
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1961:"Esplora i dati"
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1865:
1859:
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1856:
1854:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1796:
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1752:
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1727:
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1708:
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1688:
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1676:
1674:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1565:Scholarly method
1435:The Wizard of Oz
1387:Annalise Keating
1262:Vladimir Nabokov
990:
982:purchasing power
975:Shanghai-ranking
971:purchasing power
913:
904:
898:
892:
801:
749:
742:
735:
551:
541:Around the world
501:in their fields;
357:
345:
341:
332:
286:graduate schools
124:Activity sectors
79:
72:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4356:
4305:
4193:
4165:
4132:
4116:Underprivileged
4058:
4017:
4016:
3992:
3922:
3879:
3839:
3821:
3740:
3658:
3618:
3520:
3475:
3374:
3373:
3357:
3336:Social position
3326:Social mobility
3224:
3174:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3104:
3095:
3078:Honorary degree
3066:
3062:Terminal degree
3024:Magister degree
3009:External degree
2991:
2985:
2933:
2909:
2886:Master's degree
2858:
2834:
2788:
2786:academic degree
2782:
2752:
2747:
2743:Teaching fellow
2704:Head of college
2670:Other positions
2665:
2656:Research fellow
2634:
2616:Research fellow
2583:Senior lecturer
2554:
2492:
2461:
2458:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
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2278:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2194:
2192:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1852:
1850:
1842:
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1837:
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1825:
1820:
1819:
1815:
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1798:
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1793:
1759:
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1739:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1578:
1573:
1527:
1487:
1462:Professor Frink
1378:The Paper Chase
1326:counterpart, a
1242:Sherlock Holmes
1193:
1186:
1174:northern Europe
1165:
1035:United Kingdom
1002:Full professor
966:
931:
925:
876:
870:
858:
849:
820:
795:
785:
769:higher learning
753:
724:
549:
543:
448:
390:, the title of
372:
343:
306:
298:vice-chancellor
296:, principal or
188:
176:
174:
166:terminal degree
158:doctoral degree
154:Master's degree
150:
125:
105:
104:Occupation type
85:
82:Albert Einstein
63:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
4422:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4409:Professorships
4406:
4401:
4399:Academic ranks
4391:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4337:Ottoman Empire
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:Ancient Greece
4319:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4296:United Kingdom
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4189:Home-ownership
4186:
4181:
4175:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4142:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4044:American Dream
4041:
4035:
4029:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3957:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3812:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3537:
3535:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:Migrant worker
3453:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3372:By demographic
3370:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3352:Status Anxiety
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3306:Ranked society
3303:
3298:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3248:Class conflict
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3231: topics
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3205:Mudsill theory
3202:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3184:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3110:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3059:
3050:
3048:Higher diploma
3045:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Artist diploma
3001:
2995:
2993:
2992:classification
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2950:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2854:Honours degree
2851:
2845:
2843:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2819:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2758:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2731:Vice-principal
2728:
2718:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:Research track
2600:
2599:
2594:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2413:
2401:
2387:
2386:External links
2384:
2381:
2380:
2354:
2328:
2298:
2276:
2254:
2228:
2202:
2174:
2145:
2114:
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2074:
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2027:
2015:World Salaries
2002:
1977:
1952:
1925:
1908:
1886:
1860:
1835:
1813:
1791:
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1722:
1709:
1680:
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1557:
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1538:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1515:Punch and Judy
1486:
1483:
1440:The Nutcracker
1322:played Plum's
1185:
1182:
1170:United Kingdom
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1007:United States
1004:
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1000:
997:
994:
965:
964:Table of wages
962:
942:academic ranks
924:
921:
869:
866:
862:World Salaries
857:
854:
848:
845:
819:
816:
784:
781:
755:
754:
752:
751:
744:
737:
729:
726:
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723:
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717:
715:United Kingdom
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
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607:
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595:Czech Republic
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545:Main article:
542:
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371:
368:
305:
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251:full professor
247:academic ranks
207:
206:
189:
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106:
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100:
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91:
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84:as a professor
80:
50:
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39:12 August 2024
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4202:Other regions
4200:
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4027:United States
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3863:
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3851:
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1355:the Professor
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4352:Soviet Union
4327:Ancient Rome
4184:Homelessness
4109:Upper Middle
3981: /
3962: /
3953: /
3918:Working poor
3814:
3801:Robber baron
3648:
3624:Intellectual
3614:Royal family
3578:Ancient Rome
3432:second-class
3350:
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3292: /
3287:
3283:High society
3190:Elite theory
3167:
3160:
3153:
3140:Social class
3083:
2966:Habilitation
2949:Postdoctoral
2868:Postgraduate
2726:Head teacher
2721:Schoolmaster
2710:Privatdozent
2708:
2699:Habilitation
2686:
2625:
2596:
2503:Tenure track
2488:Tenure track
2482:
2422:
2412:at Wikiquote
2371:. Retrieved
2366:
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2341:the Guardian
2340:
2331:
2319:. Retrieved
2315:the original
2310:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2242:The Atlantic
2241:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2215:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2187:
2177:
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2157:
2148:
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2105:
2093:. Retrieved
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2055:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:
2030:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:
2005:
1993:. Retrieved
1989:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1941:(in Italian)
1938:
1928:
1911:
1899:. Retrieved
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1872:
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1794:
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1738:. Retrieved
1734:
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1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1671:. Retrieved
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
1622:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1560:Habilitation
1552:
1541:
1488:
1476:
1468:The Simpsons
1466:
1460:
1454:
1446:The Prestige
1444:
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1424:
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1376:
1362:
1347:
1340:archeologist
1332:
1328:psychologist
1313:
1293:Harry Potter
1291:
1285:
1274:protagonists
1260:
1245:
1227:
1226:in the film
1221:Bond villain
1214:
1204:
1194:
1166:
1105:Switzerland
1091:Netherlands
979:
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958:tenure-track
953:
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861:
859:
856:Saudi Arabia
850:
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765:universities
758:
695:South Africa
535:
526:examinations
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400:universities
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376:Commonwealth
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282:professional
278:postgraduate
267:
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224:universities
215:
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187:Related jobs
140:Competencies
66:
64:
38:
29:This is the
23:
4271:New Zealand
3988:Untouchable
3913:Proletariat
3903:Pea-pickers
3853:Bourgeoisie
3541:Aristocracy
3427:naturalized
3422:native-born
3043:certificate
3029:Microdegree
2990:No dominant
2895:certificate
1702:29 November
1673:28 November
1650:28 November
1593:"Professor"
1499:Soupy Sales
1495:Irwin Corey
1473:C. S. Lewis
1427:Professor X
1399:legal drama
1393:) from the
1391:Viola Davis
1389:(played by
1199:, are shy,
890:quinquenios
796: [
665:New Zealand
660:Netherlands
475:Presenting
370:Description
164:, or other
135:Description
4393:Categories
4261:Luxembourg
4151:Inequality
3816:Superclass
3607:Hereditary
3583:Post-Roman
3574:Patrician
3444:adolescent
3268:Classicide
3019:Licentiate
2784:Levels of
2688:Agrégation
2677:Chancellor
2545:Instructor
2398:Professors
2247:2 November
1828:4 December
1770:: 100365.
1571:References
1451:stage name
1344:adventurer
1306:McGonagall
1302:Dumbledore
1197:stereotype
1184:In fiction
837:ETH Zurich
812:consulting
532:defenses).
511:Mentoring
504:Providing
348:agent noun
330:professeur
326:Old French
226:and other
204:researcher
175:employment
90:Occupation
4286:Sri Lanka
4179:Education
4146:Household
4039:Affluence
3974:Rat tribe
3936:Ant tribe
3908:Precariat
3893:Lazzaroni
3835:Bohemians
3796:Overclass
3791:Old money
3727:Spartiate
3702:Kshatriya
3692:Hashashin
3649:Professor
3590:Political
3563:Oligarchy
3553:Hanseaten
3471:Stateless
3451:Convicted
3383:By status
3346:Subaltern
3278:Euthenics
3210:New class
3084:Ad eundem
3055:/
3041:/
2924:Doctorate
2893:/
2828:/
2824:/
2626:Professor
2597:Professor
2423:professor
2410:Professor
2373:29 August
2347:29 August
2291:16 August
2269:16 August
2140:0029-5973
2067:16 August
2020:11 August
1995:9 January
1970:9 January
1945:9 January
1901:16 August
1806:16 August
1786:1747-938X
1740:11 August
1628:6 October
1623:Maclean's
1519:Professor
1511:puppeteer
1491:comedians
1418:The Chair
1369:castaways
1290:. In the
1287:Pygmalion
1238:archenemy
1114:€101,493
1030:€103,666
954:professor
570:Australia
565:Argentina
530:viva voce
468:Managing
440:professor
392:professor
380:professor
360:professor
354:profiteri
339:professor
322:professor
320:The term
304:Etymology
294:president
255:professor
232:professor
212:Professor
180:Academics
173:Fields of
129:Academics
109:Education
98:Professor
70:Professor
4378:Category
4310:Historic
4231:Colombia
4221:Cambodia
4156:Personal
4054:Mobility
3983:Freedman
3969:Plebeian
3955:Prisoner
3941:Commoner
3827:Creative
3808:Seigneur
3774:Nobility
3732:Vanniyar
3717:Pendekar
3677:Cossacks
3311:Snobbery
3183:Theories
3071:Unearned
2578:Lecturer
2550:Lecturer
2466:Overview
2321:9 August
2095:12 April
1939:euronews
1554:Emeritus
1525:See also
1503:pianists
1361:series,
1298:Hogwarts
1284:'s play
1247:Futurama
1156:€45,113
1153:€37,500
1150:€34,947
1142:€42,357
1139:€35,783
1136:€30,005
1128:€42,535
1125:€37,429
1122:€32,540
1119:Belgium
1111:€89,951
1108:€78,396
1100:€50,847
1097:€42,062
1094:€34,671
1086:€38,247
1083:€30,088
1080:€24,686
1072:€47,894
1069:€42,124
1066:€33,182
1063:Germany
1058:€84,894
1055:€45,235
1052:€39,855
1044:€60,478
1041:€44,952
1038:€36,436
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