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proposal and submit it to the
Governments of Punjab and India. Stein sent a draft proposal to Hoernle within a month. Hoernle discussed it with Lt Governor of Punjab (British India), who expressed enthusiasm. Stein then submitted a full proposal to explore, map and study the antiquities of Central Asia as per the recommendations of Hoernle, who personally petitioned both the Government of Punjab and Government of India, lobbying for a quick approval. Within weeks, Stein's proposal was informally approved. In January 1899, Stein received the formal approval and funds for his first expedition. Stein thereafter received approval and support for additional expeditions to
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by then, found these to be respectively the oldest known birch bark and paper manuscripts of ancient India at the time, had received more artefacts and manuscripts but was concerned about the circumstances of their discovery and their authenticity. He recommended that Stein prepare an expedition
523:
caretaker). He took 24 cases of manuscripts and 4 cases of paintings and relics. He was knighted for his efforts, but
Chinese nationalists dubbed him a burglar and staged protests against him, although others have seen his actions as at least advancing scholarship. His discovery inspired other
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French, Russian, Japanese, and
Chinese treasure hunters and explorers who also took their toll on the collection. Aurel Stein discovered 5 letters written in Sogdian known as the "Ancient Letters" in an abandoned watchtower near Dunhuang in 1907, dating to the end of the Western Jin dynasty.
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383:—in 1900–1901, 1906–1908, 1913–1916 and 1930. He brought to light the hidden treasure of a great civilization which by then was practically lost to the world. One of his significant finds during his first journey during 1900–1901 was the
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The fourth expedition to
Central Asia, however, ended in failure. Stein did not publish any account, but others have written of the frustrations and rivalries between British and American interests in China, between Harvard's
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360:, other parts of Tibet and Central Asia where the Russians and Germans were already taking interest. He made his famous expeditions with the financial support of Punjab government and the British India government.
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Kelecsényi, Ágnes, 2004. "Stein Aurél (1862–1943) És a Magyar Tudomány
Kapcsolatok a Magyar Tudományos Akadémiával – Stein-gyűjtemények a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Könyvtárában"
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628:. Their explorations were supported by the British and Russian Empires as they filled in the remaining "blank spots" on the maps, providing valuable information and creating "
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347:. In June 1898, he sought the help of Hoernle and a collaboration to find and study Central Asian antiquities. Hoernle was enthusiastic as he had already deciphered the
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Falconer, John et al. 2007. "Supplement to the
Catalogue of the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest, LHAS.
683:'for his extensive explorations in Central Asia, and in particular his archaeological work'. In 1909, he was awarded the first Campbell Memorial Gold Medal by the
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A Hong Kong exhibition of his archive photos and documents conserved in the
Oriental Collection of the LHAS, 2008. Preliminary articles on the web publication:
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into
English, which had then been published in 1900. A memorial stone was erected in Mohand Marg on 14 September 2017 where Stein used to pitch his tent.
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1542:"Confronting Indiana Jones: Chinese Nationalism, Historical Imperialism, and the Criminalization of Aurel Stein and the Raiders of Dunhuang, 1899–1944"
326:. During this time, under his supervision Raghunath Temple Sanskrit Manuscript Library at Jammu was established which treasures 5000 rare manuscripts.
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519:, the world's oldest printed text, dating to AD 868, along with 40,000 other scrolls (all removed by gradually winning the confidence and bribing the
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and
Eastern Turkic is the result of his travels through central Asia during the 1920s and 1930s. Stein discovered manuscripts in the previously lost
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of the Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) for his service as
Superintendent of the Archaeological Department, North-West Frontier Circle.
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When he was resting from his extended journeys into Central Asia, he spent most of his time living in a tent in the alpine meadow called
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Wang Jiqing, Photographs in the British Library of Documents and Manuscripts from Sir Aurel Stein's Fourth Central Asian Expedition.
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Journeys on the Silk Road: a desert explorer, Buddha's secret library, and the unearthing of the world's oldest printed book
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In 1884, he went to England to study oriental languages and archaeology. In 1886, Stein met the Indologist and philologist
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Stein was a lifelong bachelor, but was always accompanied by a dog named "Dash" (of which there were seven). He became a
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1979:
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Stein was also an ethnographer, geographer, linguist and surveyor. His collection of books and manuscripts bought from
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The Thousand Buddhas: ancient Buddhist paintings from the cave-temples of Tung-huang on the western frontier of China.
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1788:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies. Vol. 10. Brill. pp. 43–70.
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275:. His parents and his sister retained their Jewish faith but Stein and his brother, Ernst Eduard, were baptised as
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228:, primarily known for his explorations and archaeological discoveries in Central Asia. He was also a professor at
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1306:. Sir Aurel Stein, Colleagues and Collections, British Museum Research Publication 184. London: British Library.
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323:
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On Ancient Central Asian Tracks: Brief Narrative of Three Expeditions in Innermost Asia and Northwestern China
528:
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Livšic, Vladimir A. (2009). "SOGDIAN "ANCIENT LETTERS" (II, IV, V)". In Orlov, Andrei; Lourie, Basil (eds.).
749:
283:, Stein graduated from a secondary school in Budapest before going on for advanced study at Universities of
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where he was able to uncover a number of relics. During his third expedition in 1913–1916, he excavated at
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139:
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1187:
1101:
On Alexander's Track to the Indus: Personal Narrative of Explorations on the North-West Frontier of India
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448:'s Stein collection of Chinese, Tibetan and Tangut manuscripts, Prakrit wooden tablets, and documents in
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Catalogue of the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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624:, were active players in the British-Russian struggle for influence in Central Asia, the so-called
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Ruins of Desert Cathay: Personal Narrative of Explorations in Central Asia and Westernmost China
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An exhibition of his archive photos in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2007.
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1040:. London: Royal Geographical Society. Geographical Journal, Vol. 65, nos. 5–6 (May- June 1925)
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2003:
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Old Routes of Western Iran: Narrative of an Archaeological Journey Carried out and Recorded
940:, 5 vols. London & Oxford, Clarendon Press. Reprint: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980.
718:(CIE) for his service as Inspector-General of Education and Archaeological Surveyor in the
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to conserve, catalogue, digitise and research the artefacts found in the Dunhuang Caves.
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Innermost Asia: Detailed Report of Explorations in Central Asia, Kan-su and Eastern Iran
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1918. "Routes from the Panjab to Turkestan and China Recorded by William Finch (1611)."
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Report of Archaeological Survey Work in the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan
826:, 2 vols. London, A. Constable & Co. Ltd. Reprint, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 1979.
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2320:
1639:. Telling the Sogdian Story: A Freer/Sackler Digital Exhibition Project. Archived from
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652:
640:
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Ikle, Frank W. "Sir Aurel Stein. A Victorian Geographer in the Tracks of Alexander",
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1555:. Sherman Cochran and Paul G. Pickowicz (eds.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1087:
1077:
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814:
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225:
1957:
1814:
Symbola Caelestis: Le symbolisme liturgique et paraliturgique dans le monde chrétien
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1517:
1135:
Archaeological Reconnaissances in North-Western India and South-Eastern Īrān: vol.1
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Ancient Khotan: Detailed report of archaeological explorations in Chinese Turkestan
753:
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2015:
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Stein received a number of honours during his career. In 1909, he was awarded the
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1134:
1056:, 5 vols. Oxford, Clarendon Press. Reprint: New Delhi. Cosmo Publications. 1981.
863:
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and other oasis towns, and recorded numerous archaeological sites, especially in
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2007:
1736:. Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.
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Serindia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China
267:
Stein was born to Náthán Stein and Anna Hirschler, a Jewish couple residing in
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580:
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Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia
2148:(Supplement to the London Gazette Extraordinary). 23 June 1910. p. 4478.
1432:
314:, learning about an ancient mathematical manuscript discovered in Bakhshali (
1976:
1197:
997:
408:
247:. He wrote several volumes on his expeditions and discoveries which include
2779:
Sir Aurel Stein, proceedings of the British Museum study day, 23 March 2002
2612:. British Museum Research Publication 129 (updated and expanded edition of
1729:
820:
811:
1753:. Telling the Sogdian Story: A Freer|Sackler Digital Exhibition Project.
1719:
Susan Whitfield, ed. (2004). "Sogdian Ancient Letter No. 3. Reproduced".
1009:
1921c. "A Chinese expedition across the Pamirs and Hindukush, A.D. 747".
660:
644:
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510:
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315:
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276:
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244:
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109:
2720:
404:
2314:
Southern Silk Road: In the Footsteps of Sir Aurel Stein and Sven Hedin
1696:"Aurel Stein Discovers the Sogdian "Ancient Letters" 313 CE to 314 CE"
687:. He was awarded a number of other gold medals: the Gold Medal of the
632:" for archaeological exploration as they did for political influence.
2733:
2408:
2337:. Knopf, New York, 1965. paperback reprint: Pelican, Baltimore, 1970.
1237:
1218:
1103:. London, Macmillan & Co. Reprint: New York, Benjamin Blom, 1972.
520:
484:
2319:
Brysac, Shareen. "Sir Aurel Stein's Fourth 'American' Expedition."
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The Stone Tower: Ptolemy, the Silk Road, and a 2,000-year-old Riddle
1463:
The Stone Tower: Ptolemy, the Silk Road, and a 2,000-Year-Old Riddle
804:
Detailed Report on an Archaeological Tour with the Buner Field Force
535:, Stein suffered frostbite and lost several toes on his right foot.
322:
as Registrar. Later, between 1888 and 1899, he was the Principal of
2685:
799:
Wien: Gerold, 1896. Published in both English and German in Vienna.
224:; 26 November 1862 – 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian-born British
2561:
Sir Aurel Stein. Proceedings of the British Museum Study Day, 2002
788:
1896. "Notes on the Ancient Topography of the Pīr Pantsāl Route."
634:
597:
579:
492:
431:
419:
372:
Photograph of Aurel Stein, with his dog and research team, in the
367:
135:
2454:, Paperback edition, 1998, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1516:, p. 459. Baltimore, Pelican Books. Orig. publ. Knopf, NY, 1965;
639:
Fragment of carpet discovered by Aurel Stein in a refuse pit at
527:
During his expedition of 1906–1908 while surveying south of the
473:
53:
49:
2335:
Testaments of Time; the Search for Lost Manuscripts and Records
513:
in 1907. It was there that he discovered a printed copy of the
2298:
http://www.pears2.lib.ohio-state.edu/FULLTEXT/TR-ENG/aurel.htm
771:(FBA). He was elected an International Honorary Member of the
703:
in 1935. In 1934, he was awarded the Huxley Memorial Medal of
546:. Years earlier, working from this idyllic spot he translated
57:
43:
3007:
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1164:
A more detailed list of Stein's publications is available in
498:
During 1901, Stein was responsible for exposing forgeries of
2108:"Sir Aurel Stein's Medals at the Royal Geographical Society"
843:
Reprint Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 2000
705:
Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
1253:
The whirlpool of Europe, Austria-Hungary and the Habsburgs
1151:, MacMillan and co., limited. St. Martin's Street, London.
2818:
The Collections of Sir Aurel Stein at the British Museum
2610:
Handbook to the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the UK
1407:
Handbook to the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the UK
1154:
1944. "Archaeological Notes from the Hindukush Region".
1361:"Raghunath Temple Sanskrit Manuscript Library at Jammu"
1325:
1323:
2279:
M. A. Stein – Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
1046:
Alexander's Campaign On The Indian North-west Frontier
509:, also known as "Caves of the Thousand Buddhas", near
860:, Peshawar, Government Press, N.W. Frontier Province.
651:
The art objects he collected are divided between the
491:
after he came across a local reading the Shahnama in
2997:
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to the United Kingdom
1769:. History of International Relations. 5 March 2021.
1251:
Colquhoun, A. R., & Colquhoun, E. M. C. (1914).
1038:
Innermost Asia: its geography as a factor in history
1024:
Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu: vol.1
318:). In 1887 Stein went to India, where he joined the
3002:
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
2734:
Life of Aurel Stein. Web catalog in four languages.
2407:59, no. 2 (1968): 144–55. Accessed March 24, 2021.
239:caves is important for the study of the history of
177:
160:
146:
124:
91:
41:
2721:Aurel Stein and the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas.
2426:
2219:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
2179:
1465:. Delhi: Penguin Viking. pp. 130–31, 164–67.
697:Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
487:he was able to render in Persian a portion of the
1747:"Sogdian Ancient Letter III: Letter to Nanaidhat"
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
1923:Brysac, Shareen Blair (November–December 1997).
1297:Sims-Williams, Ursula (2012). Helen Wang (ed.).
933:, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Mar., 1918), pp. 172–175.
792:, Vol. LXIV, Part I, No. 4, 1895. Calcutta 1896.
584:Photograph of Aurel Stein's grave marker in the
2695:, Kashmir Bhawan Center, Luton, United Kingdom.
2484:Aurel Stein in Kashmir: Sanskrit of Mohand Marg
2388:. John Murray (Publishers). Paperback edition,
1817:. Piscataway: Gorgias Press. pp. 344–352.
1778:Vaissière, Étienne de la (2005). "2: About the
2967:Academic staff of the University of the Punjab
2711:Digital versions of books by Marc Aurel Stein.
2425:Meyer, Karl E.; Brysac, Shareen Blair (1999).
1663:. translated by Prof. Nicholas Sims-Williams.
1492:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 146–.
906:Reprint: Delhi. Low Price Publications. 1990.
765:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
763:In 1919, Stein became a foreign member of the
600:on 26 October 1943 and is buried there in the
572:, the two Harvard sponsors of the expedition.
3012:Members of the American Philosophical Society
564:and the British Museum, and finally, between
8:
2071:. Royal Geographical Society. Archived from
2002:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1661:Silk Road Seattle - University of Washington
1657:"The Sogdian Ancient Letters 1, 2, 3, and 5"
1593:, pp. 136–138, National Geographic Magazine.
1219:"Obituary, Sir Aurel Stein, K.C.I.E., F.B.A"
303:and received his PhD from Tübingen in 1883.
2682:at the National Museum of India, New Delhi.
2614:Handbook to the Stein Collections in the UK
2608:Wang, Helen and Perkins, John (eds). 2008.
2587:, British Museum Research Publication 184,
2585:Sir Aurel Stein, Colleagues and Collections
2520:Handbook to the Stein Collections in the UK
2048:
1721:The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith
1166:Handbook to the Stein Collections in the UK
775:in 1930 and an International Member of the
716:Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire
505:Stein's greatest discovery was made at the
2977:Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
2912:British people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
2654:; also: The British Museum Press, London.
1734:THE SOGDIANS Influencers on the Silk Roads
1569:. Delhi: Penguin Viking. pp. 128–29.
1331:"STEIN, Sir Aurel (26/11/1862-26/10/1943)"
80:
38:
2982:People associated with the British Museum
2168:(Supplement). 23 June 1910. p. 4300.
1236:
2709:Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
2451:Sir Aurel Stein: Archaeological Explorer
1844:. dailykashmirimages.com. Archived from
1489:Sir Aurel Stein: Archaeological Explorer
1388:. 15th Edition. (1977). Vol. IX, p. 547.
1048:. The Geographic Journal, (Nov/Dec 1927)
1017:1923 Memoir On Maps Of Chinese Turkistan
790:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
2563:. British Museum Occasional Paper 142.
2522:. British Museum Occasional Paper 129.
2030:Afghanistan's 'graveyard of foreigners'
1999:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1209:
2992:Academic staff of the Oriental College
2120:from the original on 24 September 2015
1678:
1606:Sims-Williams, N. (15 December 1985).
1396:
1394:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1271:
1120:On Ancient Central-Asian Tracks: vol.1
797:Notes on Ou-k'ong's account of Kaçmir.
407:had noted as the half-way mark of the
279:. At home the family spoke German and
2502:Aurel Stein: Pioneer of the Silk Road
2344:. Budapest, LHAS and British Museum.
2039:. Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved on 2014-06-06.
1986:. Idp.bl.uk. Retrieved on 2014-06-06.
1967:. Idp.bl.uk. Retrieved on 2014-06-06.
1773:from the original on 20 October 2023.
1757:from the original on 19 October 2023.
1740:from the original on 19 October 2023.
904:, 2 vols. London, Macmillan & Co.
773:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
379:Stein made four major expeditions to
7:
2595:. (This an online publication only)
2223:from the original on 30 January 2016
1904:from the original on 28 January 2021
1706:from the original on 13 October 2023
1618:from the original on 13 October 2023
1870:. siraurelstein.org. Archived from
1486:Jeannette Mirsky (1 October 1998).
1367:from the original on 20 August 2023
699:in 1932; and the Gold Medal of the
647:, and attributed to 3rd–4th century
399:, seeking the site of the now-lost
2907:Hungarian people of Jewish descent
2699:The International Dunhuang Project
2504:. University of Washington Press.
2409:http://www.jstor.org/stable/228275
1300:Rudolf Hoernle and Sir Aurel Stein
868:, 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford.
845:Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan: vol.1
834:, London, Hurst and Blackett, Ltd.
806:, Lahore, Punjab Government Press.
25:
2390:University of Massachusetts Press
1667:from the original on 15 July 2019
1337:. British Academy. Archived from
1110:. Reprinted with Introduction by
752:in 1910. He was made an honorary
744:in 1909. He was made an honorary
542:which lies at the mouth atop the
3017:British people in colonial India
2805:from the original on 17 May 2011
2768:British Museum – Sir Aurel Stein
2467:Morgan, Joyce; Walters, Conrad,
1939:from the original on 6 June 2014
1217:Gray, Basil (19 February 1944).
1114:. Book Faith India, Delhi. 1999.
701:Society of Antiquaries of London
440:from Kashgar. Dated 25 May 1901.
2386:Foreign Devils on the Silk Road
2253:from the original on 9 May 2023
1868:"The illustrated Rajatarangini"
1842:"JKMHC trekkers trek Mohanmarg"
1531:Vol. XIX, No. 2, November 2011.
1386:The New Encyclopædia Britannica
685:Royal Asiatic Society of Bombay
424:Map of Taklamakan from Stein's
403:which the 2nd century polymath
155:British (naturalised) from 1904
27:Hungarian-British archaeologist
3027:Archaeologists of Central Asia
2947:Fellows of the British Academy
2937:Central Asian studies scholars
2847:New International Encyclopedia
2316:. White Orchid Books. Bangkok.
2307:References and further reading
1925:"Last of the "Foreign Devils""
1614:. Vol. II. pp. 7–9.
1404:; Perkins, John, eds. (2008).
819:– A Chronicle of the Kings of
777:American Philosophical Society
243:and the art and literature of
1:
2962:University of Tübingen alumni
2830:Works by or about Aurel Stein
2715:A page about Marc Aurel Stein
2028:North, Andrew. (9 June 2012)
918:Ruins of Desert Cathay: vol.2
908:Ruins of Desert Cathay: vol.1
769:Fellow of the British Academy
612:Stein, as well as his rivals
310:in Vienna at a conference of
2644:Aurel Stein on the Silk Road
2546:Sir Aurel Stein in The Times
2368:The Silk Road: A New History
2340:Falconer, John et al. 2002.
2203:UK public library membership
2016:UK public library membership
720:North-West Frontier Province
712:1910 King's Birthday Honours
2952:University of Vienna alumni
2471:, Picador Australia, 2011,
2370:, Oxford University Press
2190:. A & C Black
2187:Who's Who & Who Was Who
1996:"Stein, Sir (Marc) Aurel".
1958:IDP Newsletter Issue No. 18
1633:"SOGDIAN ANCIENT LETTER II"
1160:, pp. 1–24 + fold-out.
998:The Thousand Buddhas: vol.1
832:Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan
821:
812:
436:Letter from Aurel Stein to
395:. Later he explored in the
3043:
2799:Victoria and Albert Museum
2448:Mirsky, Jeannette (1977),
1894:"Unexplored alpine meadow"
1785:Sogdian Traders: A History
1589:Larmer, Brook (June 2010)
767:. In 1921, he was elected
722:. Two years later, in the
681:Royal Geographical Society
665:National Museum, New Delhi
29:
2957:Leipzig University alumni
2932:Explorers of Central Asia
2857:"Stein, Mark Aurel"
2841:"Stein, Mark Aurel"
2777:at www.britishmuseum.org
2673:Central Asian Antiquities
2646:. Serindia Publications.
2583:Wang, Helen (ed.). 2012.
2559:Wang, Helen (ed.). 2004.
2548:. London, Saffron Books.
2544:Wang, Helen (ed.). 2002.
2486:. Om Publications, 2004.
2312:Baumer, Christoph. 2000.
2049:Meyer & Brysac (1999)
1982:24 September 2023 at the
1794:10.1163/9789047406990_005
1728:Sims-Williams, Nicholas.
1547:25 September 2023 at the
1063:24 September 2023 at the
187:
170:
79:
2773:9 September 2010 at the
2739:15 December 2007 at the
2577:6 September 2011 at the
2330:Viewed 21 December 2014.
2326:30 November 2010 at the
2217:"M.A. Stein (1862–1943)"
1518:"Collecting Aurel Stein"
977:2 September 2015 at the
931:The Geographical Journal
883:21 December 2015 at the
758:University of St Andrews
339:Stein was influenced by
324:Oriental College, Lahore
320:University of the Punjab
30:Not to be confused with
2761:16 October 2010 at the
2750:16 October 2010 at the
2366:Hansen, Valerie. 2012.
2062:"Gold Medal Recipients"
1335:British Academy Fellows
1262:. New York: Dodd, Mead.
1093:23 January 2016 at the
750:University of Cambridge
411:in his famous treatise
2917:British archaeologists
2863:Encyclopedia Americana
2791:"The Stein Collection"
2686:Aurel Stein in Kashmir
2633:15 August 2021 at the
2597:fully available online
2537:16 August 2016 at the
2532:fully available online
2008:10.1093/ref:odnb/36266
1700:History of Information
1685:: CS1 maint: others (
1540:Jacobs, Justin (2010)
648:
589:
441:
429:
376:
221:
165:University of Tübingen
140:Kingdom of Afghanistan
2972:Writers from Budapest
2678:15 April 2015 at the
2414:27 April 2020 at the
1088:Innermost Asia: vol.4
1078:Innermost Asia: vol.3
1068:Innermost Asia: vol.2
1058:Innermost Asia: vol.1
987:28 April 2016 at the
888:Ancient Khotan: vol.2
878:Ancient Khotan: vol.1
726:, he was promoted to
724:1912 Birthday Honours
689:Société de Géographie
638:
583:
435:
423:
371:
2882:Encyclopædia Iranica
2823:3 March 2019 at the
2781:(online publication)
2691:19 July 2009 at the
2602:26 July 2013 at the
2247:search.amphilsoc.org
2243:"APS Member History"
2078:on 27 September 2011
2035:7 April 2018 at the
1963:6 April 2010 at the
1643:on 25 September 2023
1612:Encyclopædia Iranica
1553:China on the Margins
1140:4 March 2016 at the
1125:4 March 2016 at the
1083:4 March 2016 at the
1073:4 March 2016 at the
1029:4 March 2016 at the
1003:4 March 2016 at the
967:4 March 2016 at the
957:4 March 2016 at the
947:4 March 2016 at the
923:4 March 2016 at the
913:3 March 2016 at the
893:4 March 2016 at the
873:5 April 2023 at the
850:4 March 2016 at the
839:4 April 2023 at the
742:University of Oxford
693:Grande Médaille d'or
630:spheres of influence
618:Francis Younghusband
596:in 1904. He died in
364:The four expeditions
194:Sir Marc Aurel Stein
2942:Hungarian Lutherans
2927:Hungarian explorers
2876:25 May 2020 at the
2284:5 June 2009 at the
2051:, pp. 367–368.
1565:Dean, Riaz (2022).
1523:3 June 2016 at the
1461:Dean, Riaz (2022).
1258:7 June 2023 at the
1183:Sándor Kőrösi Csoma
714:, he was appointed
622:Nikolai Przhevalsky
483:When Stein visited
462:Tocharian languages
3022:Explorers of India
2987:People from Lahore
2726:5 May 2009 at the
2333:Deuel, Leo. 1965.
2321:Archeology Archive
2181:"Stein, Sir Aurel"
2165:The London Gazette
2145:The London Gazette
2113:. British Museum.
1745:Keramidas, Kimon.
1631:Keramidas, Kimon.
1514:Testaments of Time
1512:Deuel, Leo. 1970.
1417:. pp. 42–44.
1168:, pp. 49–61.
649:
602:Sherpur Cantonment
590:
586:Sherpur Cantonment
442:
430:
377:
295:. He graduated in
273:Kingdom of Hungary
2922:British explorers
2361:978-963-508-545-3
2201:(Subscription or
2069:Medals and Awards
2014:(Subscription or
1803:978-90-47-40699-0
1763:"Sogdian letters"
1730:"Ancient Letters"
1608:"ANCIENT LETTERS"
1499:978-0-226-53177-9
1442:on 7 October 2012
1231:(3877): 216–217.
746:Doctor of Science
738:Doctor of Letters
358:Chinese Turkestan
191:
190:
172:Scientific career
151:Hungarian (birth)
16:(Redirected from
3034:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2843:
2834:Internet Archive
2814:
2812:
2810:
2640:Whitfield, Susan
2464:
2444:
2433:. Counterpoint.
2432:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2288:at dsr.nii.ac.jp
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1900:. 25 July 2019.
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1214:
1193:Amluk-Dara stupa
1112:Jeannette Mirsky
1011:Indian Antiquary
824:
818:
728:Knight Commander
663:Museum, and the
533:Kunlun Mountains
405:Claudius Ptolemy
387:Desert oasis of
353:Weber Manuscript
349:Bower Manuscript
222:Stein Márk Aurél
215:
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106:
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99:26 November 1862
96:Stein Márk Aurél
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18:Mark Aurel Stein
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2635:Wayback Machine
2622:978-086159-9776
2604:Wayback Machine
2593:978-086159-1848
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1005:Wayback Machine
989:Wayback Machine
982:Serindia: vol.5
979:Wayback Machine
972:Serindia: vol.4
969:Wayback Machine
962:Serindia: vol.3
959:Wayback Machine
952:Serindia: vol.2
949:Wayback Machine
942:Serindia: vol.1
925:Wayback Machine
915:Wayback Machine
895:Wayback Machine
885:Wayback Machine
875:Wayback Machine
852:Wayback Machine
841:Wayback Machine
785:
740:(DLitt) by the
733:He was made an
677:Founder's Medal
673:
657:British Library
610:
594:British citizen
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446:British Library
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161:Alma mater
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128:26 October 1943
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118:Austrian Empire
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2785:Expedition map
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2667:External links
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2492:978-8186867839
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438:Rudolf Hoernle
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249:Ancient Khotan
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1991:
1977:Dash The Dog
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529:Johnson Line
526:
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389:Dandan Oilik
381:Central Asia
378:
345:Through Asia
344:
338:
312:Orientalists
305:
266:
256:
252:
248:
241:Central Asia
234:
193:
192:
171:
130:(1943-10-26)
36:
2902:1943 deaths
2897:1862 births
2871:Aurel Stein
2516:Wang, Helen
2160:"No. 28617"
2140:"No. 28388"
2124:26 November
2104:Wang, Helen
2082:26 November
1929:Archaeology
1767:ringmar.net
1402:Wang, Helen
1345:26 November
1178:Three hares
562:Fogg Museum
544:Sind Valley
540:Mohand Marg
507:Mogao Caves
500:Islam Akhun
478:Balochistan
466:Tarim Basin
401:Stone Tower
393:Khara-Khoto
374:Tarim Basin
330:Expeditions
182:Archaeology
147:Citizenship
32:R. L. Stine
2891:Categories
2227:25 January
2205:required.)
2018:required.)
1908:19 January
1274:, p.
813:Kalhaṇa's
626:Great Game
614:Sven Hedin
608:Great Game
385:Taklamakan
341:Sven Hedin
263:Early life
103:1862-11-26
2616:, 1999).
2194:16 August
1433:1747-3640
1371:19 August
1204:Footnotes
1198:Silk Road
779:in 1939.
760:in 1939.
450:Khotanese
414:Geography
409:Silk Road
281:Hungarian
277:Lutherans
218:Hungarian
2874:Archived
2821:Archived
2803:Archived
2771:Archived
2759:Archived
2748:Archived
2737:Archived
2724:Archived
2689:Archived
2676:Archived
2642:. 2004.
2631:Archived
2600:Archived
2575:Archived
2535:Archived
2500:. 1999.
2412:Archived
2384:. 1980.
2324:Archived
2282:Archived
2251:Archived
2221:Archived
2115:Archived
2033:Archived
1980:Archived
1961:Archived
1937:Archived
1902:Archived
1771:Archived
1755:Archived
1738:Archived
1710:19 April
1704:Archived
1681:cite web
1671:19 April
1665:Archived
1647:19 April
1622:19 April
1616:Archived
1545:Archived
1521:Archived
1365:Archived
1256:Archived
1172:See also
1157:J.R.A.S.
1138:Archived
1123:Archived
1091:Archived
1081:Archived
1071:Archived
1061:Archived
1027:Archived
1001:Archived
985:Archived
975:Archived
965:Archived
955:Archived
945:Archived
921:Archived
911:Archived
891:Archived
881:Archived
871:Archived
848:Archived
837:Archived
735:honorary
661:Srinagar
645:Xinjiang
554:Sanskrit
511:Dunhuang
489:Shahnama
426:Serindia
316:Peshawar
297:Sanskrit
293:Tübingen
269:Budapest
253:Serindia
245:Buddhism
237:Dunhuang
2866:. 1920.
2850:. 1905.
2832:at the
2703:project
993:1921b.
936:1921a.
710:In the
695:of the
679:by the
671:Honours
588:, Kabul
531:in the
464:of the
458:Sogdian
335:Genesis
301:Persian
289:Leipzig
271:in the
114:Hungary
101: (
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1852:25 May
1821:
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1224:Nature
1099:1929.
1052:1928.
900:1912.
864:1907.
856:1905.
822:Kaśmīr
809:1900.
802:1898.
795:1896.
659:, the
655:, the
641:Loulan
616:, Sir
521:Taoist
485:Khotan
454:Uyghur
397:Pamirs
285:Vienna
230:Indian
178:Fields
2257:9 May
2118:(PDF)
2111:(PDF)
2076:(PDF)
2065:(PDF)
1935:(6).
1440:(PDF)
1411:(PDF)
1304:(PDF)
1147:1940
1132:1937
1117:1933
1106:1932
1043:1927
1036:1925
1021:1923
1013:1923.
830:1904
598:Kabul
552:from
493:Turki
470:Miran
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2811:2010
2795:Asia
2754:and
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2550:ISBN
2524:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2488:ISBN
2473:ISBN
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2435:ISBN
2405:Isis
2394:ISBN
2372:ISBN
2357:ISBN
2346:ISBN
2259:2023
2229:2016
2196:2019
2126:2014
2084:2014
1945:2014
1910:2021
1880:2014
1854:2014
1819:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1712:2023
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620:and
568:and
476:and
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110:Pest
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