66:
532:
364:, who sought to increase the power of the crown and bring the Catholic Church more under its control. He initiated reforms that "were intended to redefine the clergy as a professional class of spiritual specialists with fewer judicial and administrative responsibilities and less independence than in Hapsburg times." From 1749 onwards Ensenada encouraged one of the most important
235:
Little is known of
Somodevilla's parents, Francisco de Somodevilla and his wife, Francisca de Bengoechea, nor is anything known of his own life prior to entering the civil administration of the Spanish navy as a clerk in 1720. He served in administrative capacities in
336:, professing that he was incapable of filling the four posts at once. His reluctance was dismissed by the king, and he became prime minister at the age of forty-one. During the remainder of the king's reign, which lasted till July 11, 1746, and under his successor
347:
His administration is notable in
Spanish history for the vigor of his policy of internal reform. He drew up reports on the finances and general condition of the country for the new king on his accession, and again after peace was made with
396:
supported the
Spanish court in opposing Ensenada, and succeeded in preventing him from adding the foreign office to the others which he held. Ensenada would probably have fallen sooner but for the support he received from the
380:
in harsh criticism of the functioning of the
Spanish Empire in Spanish America, targeting corruption and inefficiency. Juan and Ulloa's secret report was a devastating indictment of the American-born Spanish elites
547:
430:. The new king named him as member of a commission appointed to reform the taxation system. Ensenada soon offended the king. On April 18, 1766, he was again exiled from court, and ordered to go to
405:. In 1754 he offended her by opposing an exchange of Spanish and Portuguese colonial possessions in America which she favored. Following a scandal at court resulting from a conspiracy between
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261:
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kings became more centralized, public works were undertaken, shipping was encouraged, trade was fostered and numbers of young
Spaniards were sent abroad for education. Ensenada was a
704:
694:
319:
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died suddenly, as
Marquess of Ensenada, he was chosen by Philip V as Minister of Finance, War, the Navy and the Indies (i.e. the ultramarine portion of the
556:
623:
Niccolo Guasti (2014) “Clergy and Fiscal Reform in
Eighteenth-Century Spain” in Cyber Review of Modern Historiography (Cromohs). Vol. 19 (
406:
130:
503:
409:
and Keene, Ensenada was arrested by the king's order on July 20, 1754, and was sacked as prime minister upon
Carvajal's death (see
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353:
315:," which means "in himself nothing." Ensenada was one of the new type of royal advisor, the talented man of no social standing.
689:
699:
341:
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or a small bay, some of the ancestry-conscious upper-classes and nobility of the court, envious of the rise of this upstart
608:
443:
271:
Somodevilla was also involved in the endeavors by the
Spanish government to elevate the king's sons by his marriage to
402:
292:
385:) and the incompetence of colonial rule. This report was to influence crown policy in what became known as the
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until 1754, Ensenada was the prime minister, leading the country to victory alongside France and
Prussia in the
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543:
349:
373:
311:
delighted in the pun, that the name from the title can be phonetically divided into three Spanish words "
420:
392:
Ensenada was a strong supporter of an alliance with France in opposition to Britain. British ambassador
280:
474:. George Walter Prothero, Sir Stanley Mordaunt Leathes, Ernest Alfred Benians. Macmillan. p. 362.
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114:
434:. He remained here until his death on 2 December 1781 and was never again involved in public life.
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253:
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664:
Misión en París. Correspondencia del duque de Huéscar y el marqués de la Ensenada (1746–1749)
570:(London, 1815), but the only complete account of Ensenada is by Don Antonio Rodriguez Villa,
537:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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377:
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to Philip, duke of Parma. The following year, on April 11, 1743, after Patinos's successor
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The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492-1867
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On the accession of Charles III in 1759, he was released and allowed to return to
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Magistrates of the Sacred: Priests and Parishioners in Eighteenth-Century Mexico
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For the conspiracy against Ensenada and his disgrace see Diego Téllez Alarcia,
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215:, was a Spanish statesman. He played a key role in crafting and enforcing the
208:
192:
304:
448:
398:
361:
560:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 654.
416:
224:
35:
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372:, as a first step of a broader reform on taxes. Ensenada joined with
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and statistical investigations in the Europe of his time, known as
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living in Spain, leading to the death of 12,000 Romani People.
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http://www.fupress.net/index.php/cromohs/article/view/15374
211: – December 2, 1781), commonly known as the
205:
Zenón de Somodevilla y Bengoechea, 1st Marquess of Ensenada
356:
on October 18, 1748. Under his direction the rule of the
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This includes as a footnote: For his administration see
642:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1991, p. 470.
568:
Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon
295:, conferred on Somodevilla the Neapolitan title of
188:
168:
145:
140:
124:
113:
101:
83:
51:
614:. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1996, p. 14.
572:Don Cenón de Somodevilla, Marqués de la Ensenada
42: and the second or maternal family name is
662:Didier Ozanam y Diego Téllez Alarcia (eds.),
548:Ensenada, Cenon de Somodevilla, Marques de la
8:
659:(Madrid, 2008). Especially pages 171 to 192.
252:, who promoted him to supervise work at the
419:; he was afterwards allowed to relocate to
244:in 1731. His ability was recognized by Don
491:Time for Reparations: A Global Perspective
291:respectively. In 1736 Charles, afterwards
223:, which was an attempt to exterminate the
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48:
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521:
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415:). He was sent into mild confinement at
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468:Sir Adolphus William Ward, ed. (1909).
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705:Economy and finance ministers of Spain
657:D. Ricardo Wall. Aut Caesar aut nullus
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330:). Ensenada met the nomination with a
695:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
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221:General Imprisonment of the Gypsies
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207:(April 20, 1702 in Alesanco near
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496:University of Pennsylvania Press
262:Maritime Department of the North
342:War of the Austrian Succession
27:18th-century Spanish statesman
1:
488:; Matache, Margareta (2021).
248:, the chief minister of King
471:The Cambridge Modern History
444:History of Spain (1700-1810)
407:José de Carvajal y Lancáster
264:since the time of the early
131:José de Carvajal y Lancáster
34:, the first or paternal
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320:Secretary of State and War
219:, officially known as the
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293:King Charles III of Spain
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90:
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597:Bourbon Spain, 1700-1808
318:In 1742 Ensenada became
58:The Marquess of Ensenada
557:Encyclopædia Britannica
256:, the main base of the
254:naval arsenal at Ferrol
690:Marquesses of Ensenada
297:Marqués de la Ensenada
700:Antiziganism in Spain
599:. Blackwell 1989, 98.
421:Puerto de Santa Maria
370:Catastro of Ensenada
283:, on the thrones of
217:Great Gypsy Round-up
213:Marquess of Ensenada
115:Admiral of the Fleet
412:Enlightenment Spain
119:Minister of Finance
18:Marquis of Ensenada
609:Taylor, William B.
486:Bhabha, Jacqueline
394:Sir Benjamin Keene
85:Secretary of State
54:The Most Excellent
494:. United States:
273:Elizabeth Farnese
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16:(Redirected from
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666:(Logroño, 2010).
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174:(1781-12-02)
108:Ricardo Wall
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32:Spanish name
685:1781 deaths
680:1702 births
584:Hannay 1911
299:. While an
246:José Patiño
40:Somodevilla
674:Categories
455:References
399:Portuguese
374:Jorge Juan
313:en si nada
189:Profession
152:1702-04-20
74:, ca. 1750
44:Bengoechea
546:(1911). "
305:roadstead
231:Biography
193:Statesman
97:1748–1754
93:In office
449:Regalism
438:See also
383:criollos
362:regalist
324:Campillo
301:ensenada
266:Bourbons
250:Philip V
159:La Rioja
30:In this
554:(ed.).
541::
417:Granada
403:Barbara
401:queen,
358:Bourbon
277:Charles
209:Logroño
36:surname
550:". In
535:
502:
428:Madrid
366:census
285:Naples
281:Philip
303:is a
289:Parma
238:Ceuta
183:Spain
163:Spain
500:ISBN
376:and
287:and
279:and
242:Oran
225:Roma
169:Died
146:Born
352:at
260:'s
38:is
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627:).
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514:^
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389:.
344:.
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381:(
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46:.
20:)
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