357:
553:
643:
marriage so that it can be registered; the
Marriage Schedule must be produced to the person performing the marriage otherwise it cannot take place. After the ceremony the Schedule is signed by the couple, their witnesses and the person performing the marriage. In civil marriages, the Schedule is kept by the Registrar and signed after the ceremony. Unless specially authorised by the Registrar General, a minimum of 15 days' notice must be given for a marriage; procedural requirements increase this for most marriages to 4–6 weeks to ensure that it can be determined that there is no impediment to the marriage. A list of forthcoming local marriages is displayed to the public at each Register Office.
310:
232:
24:
121:
325:, there were three forms of "irregular marriage" which can be summarised as the agreement of the couple to be married and some form of witnessing or evidence of such. An irregular marriage could result from mutual agreement, by a public promise followed by consummation, or by cohabitation with habit and repute. All but the last of these were abolished by the
721:
On 4 February 2014, Scotland became the 17th country to permit marriage between same-sex individuals. Since the
Scottish Government had announced a consultation on legalising same-sex marriage in September 2011, the Government's initial view was stated to be in favour of legalisation of both civil
638:
extends the availability of civil marriages to "approved places" in addition to
Register Offices and any other place used in exceptional circumstances; religious marriages in Scotland have never been restricted by location. Marriages can either be conducted by "authorised celebrants" (usually, but
268:
In the Middle Ages, marriage was a sacrament and the key element in validity was consent. The sacramental status was removed at the
Reformation, but the centrality of consent remained. Weddings were often elaborate occasions for public celebration and feasting. Among the poor the tradition of the
442:
Gretna Green remains a favoured location for marriage because of its romantic associations, with
Dumfries and Galloway (the council area containing Gretna Green) the most popular area to get married in Scotland in 2015 (4,395 marriages in Dumfries and Galloway, out of a total of 29,691 marriages
276:
In the early modern era there was a stress on a wife's duties to her husband and on the virtues of chastity and obedience. How exactly patriarchy worked in practice is difficult to discern. Scottish women in this period had something of a reputation among foreign observers for being forthright
729:
gathered over 20,000 responses in favour of the change with a significant majority (18,500) submitted via the
Equality Network's Equal Marriage consultation website. Scotland For Marriage, a coalition of religious bodies opposed to the change, submitted around 20,000 postcards to the Scottish
642:
Both parties to a marriage are required to independently submit marriage notice forms to the registrar of the district in which the marriage is to take place. In religious marriages a "Marriage
Schedule" is completed by the parties involved and submitted to the local Register Office after the
733:
After analysis of the responses, the
Scottish Government announced it intended to go ahead with the legalisation of same-sex marriages, though with plans to put in safeguards to prevent religious bodies that do not wish to carry out such ceremonies from being prosecuted. They found that, of
162:
In Scots law, there is a distinction between so-called religious marriages, conducted by an authorised celebrant, and civil marriages, conducted by a state registrar, but anyone over the age of 21 can apply to the
Registrar General for authorisation to conduct a marriage under s12 of the
292:, which could later be used as grounds for annulment if the marriage proved politically or personally inconvenient, although there was no divorce as such. After the mid-sixteenth century these were reduced to those in Leviticus 13: 4-13, which limited them to relationships in the
722:
and religious same-sex marriage, but allowing religious bodies to opt out of performing same-sex marriages if they so wished. As passed in 2014, the law establishing marriage equality in
Scotland did not require religious institutions to hold ceremonies on their premises.
246:, girls could marry from the age of 12 (while for boys it was from 14) and, while many girls from the social elite married in their teens, most in the Lowlands married only after a period of life-cycle service, in their twenties. In some cases, marriage may have followed
734:
respondents in Scotland, 36% of those were in favour and 64% against the proposals when considering all submissions - standard responses, postcards and petitions. When standard responses alone were considered, 65% were in favour and 35% against the proposals.
434:
In 1856, Scottish law was changed to require 21 days' residence for marriage, and since 1929 both parties have had to be at least 16 years old (though there is still no parental consent needed). A further law change was made in 1940 to abolish these irregular
377:
for marriages transacted in a jurisdiction that was not the residence of the parties being married, to avoid restrictions or procedures imposed by the parties' home jurisdictions. Other Scottish Border villages used for these marriages were
300:
divorce was allowed on grounds of adultery or desertion. Scotland was one of the first countries to allow desertion as legal grounds for divorce and, unlike England, divorce cases were initiated relatively far down the social scale.
206:
368:
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, marriage laws in Scotland encouraged the practice of couples wishing to marry eloping from England to Scotland. With transport less developed, many of these marriages were at
348:", with repute being the crucial element to be proved. In 2006, Scotland was the last European jurisdiction to abolish this old-style common-law marriage, by the passing of the Family Law (Scotland) Act 2006.
213:
launched a public consultation on the introduction of same-sex marriage, with the Scottish Government indicating it "tend towards the view that same-sex marriage should be introduced". On 4 February 2014, the
580:
689:(EEA), must apply for a visa before they travel. Without the visa, the registrar would not be able to accept the notice of marriage and would not be able to perform the marriage ceremony.
1200:
250:, a period of betrothal, which in the Highlands may have effectively been a period of trial marriage, although recent scholarship suggests this idea is the result of late 20th-century
139:
is recognised in the form of both civil and religious unions between individuals. Historically, the law of marriage has developed differently in Scotland to other jurisdictions in the
1672:
1094:
652:
699:
From 4 April 2011, the requirement for a Certificate of Approval was abolished by the United Kingdom Parliament through a Remedial Order under the Human Rights Act 1998.
356:
707:
Divorce is allowed under certain circumstances, as is civil remarriage, though different religions and denominations differ on whether they permit religious remarriage.
1144:
518:
1174:
815:
1130:
202:
1677:
1208:
737:
The Marriage and Civil Partnerships (Scotland) Bill was put before the Scottish Parliament at the end of June 2013 and passed in February 2014.
337:
resulted legally from the fact that blacksmiths were necessarily citizens and could often be recognised by strangers by their presence at their
1300:
1230:
575:
665:
property by default will go to the spouse. Also, there is partial inheritance of pensions. Non-British spouses of British citizens may obtain
41:
522:
273:
developed, by which guests contributed to the costs of occasion, with a meal after the ceremony, sometimes followed by music and dancing.
1105:
526:
1428:
257:. Marriages, particularly higher in society, were often political in nature and the subject of complex negotiations over the tocher (
107:
570:
An Act to make new provision for Scotland as respects the law relating to the constitution of marriage, and for connected purposes.
261:). Some mothers took a leading role in negotiating marriages, as Lady Glenorchy did for her children in the 1560s and 1570s, or as
88:
692:
Visitors who are already in the UK, and are citizens of a country that is not a member of the EEA, would need the approval of the
557:
455:
is 16. Marriage must be between two otherwise unmarried people. (Foreign divorces are generally recognised, but existing foreign
344:
A marriage by "cohabitation with habit and repute", as it was known in Scots law, could still be formed; popularly described as "
60:
411:. The Act required consent to the marriage from the parents if a party to a marriage was not at least 21 years old. However, in
159:. The legal minimum age to enter into a marriage in Scotland is sixteen years and does not require parental consent at any age.
296:. Separation from bed and board continued to be allowed in exceptional circumstances, usually adultery and under the reformed
1565:
1378:
996:
975:
954:
920:
899:
862:
841:
685:
From 1 February 2005, visitors who wished to be married in the UK that are citizens of a country that is not a member of the
45:
1152:
67:
1009:
761:
716:
152:
1358:
766:
383:
164:
1641:
74:
1178:
947:
Travels to Terra Incognita: The Scottish Highlands and Hebrides in Early Modern Travellers' Accounts c. 1600 to 1800
1626:
1403:
1293:
819:
635:
326:
34:
1593:
1490:
1485:
746:
247:
192:
56:
1598:
1450:
288:
Before the Reformation, the extensive marriage bars for kinship meant that most noble marriages necessitated a
1603:
1034:
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420:
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617:
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1636:
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1505:
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329:, from 1 July 1940. Prior to this act, any citizen was able to witness a public promise. The tradition of
317:", one at which the guests contributed money to pay for the cost of the ceremony and to benefit the couple
1510:
1470:
1423:
1418:
1388:
1383:
1368:
1353:
1348:
1333:
1328:
1323:
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it was possible for boys to get married at 14 years and girls at 12 years without parental consent. Some
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565:
235:
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172:
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309:
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1338:
345:
243:
215:
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81:
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1500:
1413:
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1373:
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424:
297:
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196:
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148:
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858:
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in Wigtownshire was used by couples from Ireland, because of the daily packet boat service to
379:
361:
168:
751:
726:
666:
452:
231:
674:
658:
502:
Additionally, the following marriages are not allowed except under certain circumstances:
491:
373:, the first Scottish settlement on the main West Coast route from England; hence the term
1201:"Bogus names discovered on petition that attacked gay marriage - Politics - Scotsman.com"
725:
The consultation of 2011 provoked widespread debate and garnered 50,000 responses. The
693:
514:
419:
marriages were of (sometimes abducted) heiresses; e.g., the second marriage in 1826 of
285:, noting that they were "absolute mistresses of their houses and even their husbands".
278:
140:
314:
1666:
496:
293:
270:
176:
670:
593:
370:
156:
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391:
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23:
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to be married. This will be provided in the form of a certificate of approval.
120:
395:
387:
620:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
364:, on the Scottish side; the river forms the border with England at this point
205:
became available to same-sex couples in the United Kingdom in 2005 and grant
662:
467:
322:
254:
144:
876:
Marriage Law & Practice in the Long Eighteenth Century: A Reassessment
167:, and no form of religious ceremony is necessary. Since a decision of the
790:
474:
456:
412:
184:
125:
987:
E. Ewen, "The early modern family" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, eds,
966:
E. Ewen, "The early modern family" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, eds,
911:
E. Ewen, "The early modern family" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, eds,
853:
E. Ewen, "The early modern family" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, eds,
832:
E. Ewen, "The early modern family" in T. M. Devine and J. Wormald, eds,
195:
conducted more marriages each year than the largest religious body, the
483:
478:
408:
330:
251:
657:
Upon death of one's spouse, bequests to the other spouse do not incur
1278:
639:
not always, a minister of religion) or by an "authorised Registrar".
460:
459:
marriages prevent a marriage in Scotland as this would be treated as
191:, which like civil marriages are also non-religious. As of 2017, the
401:
Gretna's famous runaway marriages began in 1753 with the passing of
155:
eloping to Scotland, most famously to marry at border towns such as
677:
benefits are calculated differently from those for single people.
355:
338:
308:
258:
230:
119:
1145:"Equal Marriage public consultation closes | Equal Marriage"
129:
1282:
209:
virtually identical to civil marriage. In September 2011, the
171:
in 2005, statutory references to religious marriages must be "
17:
1060:
For Better, For Worse, British marriages, 1600 to the Present
934:
For Better, For Worse, British marriages, 1600 to the Present
816:"Scotland becomes 17th country to approve same-sex marriages"
1073:"UK | Scotland | Valentine's Day influx at Gretna"
431:
marriages were to avoid publicity or to marry immediately.
634:
is the main current legislation regulating marriage. The
787:"Scottish government launches gay marriage consultation"
218:
passed a same-sex marriage bill by a vote of 105 to 18.
265:, finding suitable and compatible partners for others.
151:. These differences led to a tradition of couples from
730:
Government in addition to a 9,000 signature petition.
1010:"Irregular marriage and the kirk session in Scotland"
1175:"Scotland for Marriage launched on St. Andrew's Day"
653:
Legal consequences of marriage in the United Kingdom
1612:
1574:
1316:
616:
609:
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564:
527:
Marriage (Prohibited Degrees) Relationship Act 1931
466:Certain relatives are not allowed to marry. Under
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1062:, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 195.
886:
884:
517:was reduced in the early twentieth century by the
439:. The residential requirement was lifted in 1977.
936:, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 56.
810:
808:
894:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007),
989:The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History
968:The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History
913:The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History
855:The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History
834:The Oxford Handbook of Modern Scottish History
1673:Marriage, unions and partnerships in Scotland
1294:
1261:"Scotland's same-sex marriage bill is passed"
179:", in order to ensure compatibility with the
8:
540:
523:Deceased Brother's Widow's Marriage Act 1921
681:Foreign citizens wishing to marry in the UK
1301:
1287:
1279:
818:. Reuters. 4 February 2014. Archived from
539:
519:Deceased Wife's Sister's Marriage Act 1907
991:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012),
970:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012),
915:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012),
857:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012),
836:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012),
281:, the Spanish ambassador to the court of
238:'s painting of Highland wedding from 1780
124:A Scottish wedding party. Both groom and
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
618:Text of the Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977
778:
423:to the young heiress Ellen Turner, the
143:as a consequence of the differences in
1129:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1122:
509:ancestor or descendant's former spouse
506:former spouse's descendant or ancestor
611:Text of statute as originally enacted
147:and role of the separate established
7:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
1231:"Same sex marriage to be legalised"
669:. Spouses are considered to have a
305:Irregular and common-law marriages
14:
673:towards each other, and certain
558:Parliament of the United Kingdom
551:
227:Middle Ages and early modern era
22:
33:needs additional citations for
1678:Marriage in the United Kingdom
1035:Family Law (Scotland) Act 2006
333:English couples searching for
1:
892:Scotland Re-Formed, 1488-1587
762:Marriage in England and Wales
717:Same-sex marriage in Scotland
404:Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act
1075:. BBC News. 14 February 2006
767:Marriage in Northern Ireland
636:Marriage (Scotland) Act 2002
632:Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977
541:Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977
327:Marriage (Scotland) Act 1939
313:19th-century painting of a "
242:In the late Middle Ages and
165:Marriage (Scotland) Act 1977
1263:. BBC News. 4 February 2014
604:Status: Current legislation
470:, one may not marry one's:
360:Marriage and Toll House at
207:rights and responsibilities
1694:
714:
650:
537:United Kingdom legislation
488:aunt/uncle or nephew/niece
747:Dorothea Christina Thomas
647:Benefits and consequences
550:
545:
193:Humanist Society Scotland
1149:www.equalmarriage.org.uk
437:marriages by declaration
294:second degree of kinship
949:(Waxmann Verlag, 2009,
513:The list of proscribed
421:Edward Gibbon Wakefield
1359:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1047:Black's Law Dictionary
687:European Economic Area
443:throughout Scotland).
365:
318:
239:
133:
57:"Marriage in Scotland"
878:(CUP, 2009) chapter 3
715:Further information:
382:, Lamberton Toll (in
375:Gretna Green marriage
359:
312:
234:
181:Human Rights Act 1998
123:
427:. Other motives for
137:Marriage in Scotland
42:improve this article
1575:States with limited
1310:Marriage in Europe
1235:www.scotland.gov.uk
1155:on 22 February 2012
542:
346:by habit and repute
321:Under early modern
216:Scottish Parliament
211:Scottish Government
175:" as referring to "
874:Probert, Rebecca,
793:. 3 September 2011
622:legislation.gov.uk
425:Shrigley abduction
366:
319:
290:papal dispensation
277:individuals, with
240:
203:Civil partnerships
197:Church of Scotland
189:humanist marriages
177:religion or belief
149:Church of Scotland
134:
1660:
1659:
1211:on 7 January 2012
1102:nrscotland.gov.uk
890:J. E. A. Dawson,
757:Civil partnership
711:Same-sex marriage
667:residence permits
628:
627:
546:Act of Parliament
390:and Paxton Toll.
386:, Berwickshire),
380:Coldstream Bridge
362:Coldstream Bridge
187:to conduct legal
169:Registrar-General
153:England and Wales
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1613:Dependencies and
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1237:. Archived from
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1221:
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1218:
1216:
1207:. Archived from
1205:www.scotsman.com
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
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1181:on 26 April 2012
1177:. Archived from
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1160:
1151:. Archived from
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1135:
1134:
1128:
1120:
1118:
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1111:on 27 March 2015
1110:
1104:. Archived from
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1080:
1069:
1063:
1056:
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1021:
1016:. 1 October 2021
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824:
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822:on 6 March 2016.
812:
803:
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783:
752:Scots family law
727:Equality Network
555:
554:
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453:marriageable age
352:Border marriages
244:early modern era
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1241:on 25 July 2012
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98:February 2010
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59: –
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53:Find sources:
47:
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31:This article
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1604:Transnistria
1265:. Retrieved
1255:
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1239:the original
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671:duty of care
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371:Gretna Green
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157:Gretna Green
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40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1642:Isle of Man
1577:recognition
1551:Switzerland
1486:Netherlands
1185:16 December
902:, pp. 62-3.
598:26 May 1977
447:Eligibility
392:Portpatrick
335:blacksmiths
263:matchmakers
248:handfasting
236:David Allan
1667:Categories
1521:San Marino
1481:Montenegro
1461:Luxembourg
1441:Kazakhstan
1344:Azerbaijan
1267:20 January
1245:13 January
1215:13 January
1159:13 January
1115:13 January
1079:20 January
997:0199563691
976:0199563691
955:383091699X
921:0199563691
900:0748614559
863:0199563691
842:0199563691
797:20 January
773:References
566:Long title
533:Procedures
515:affinities
479:descendant
457:polygamous
396:Donaghadee
388:Mordington
183:and allow
68:newspapers
1632:Gibraltar
1456:Lithuania
1020:3 October
999:, p. 273.
978:, p. 274.
923:, p. 270.
865:, p. 272.
844:, p. 271.
663:Intestate
468:Scots law
384:Lamberton
323:Scots law
255:mythology
185:humanists
145:Scots law
1652:Svalbard
1637:Guernsey
1584:Abkhazia
1536:Slovenia
1531:Slovakia
1506:Portugal
1364:Bulgaria
1125:cite web
791:BBC News
741:See also
576:Citation
525:and the
475:ancestor
413:Scotland
283:James IV
126:best man
1561:Ukraine
1511:Romania
1471:Moldova
1429:Ireland
1424:Iceland
1419:Hungary
1409:Germany
1404:Georgia
1394:Finland
1389:Estonia
1384:Denmark
1369:Croatia
1354:Belgium
1349:Belarus
1339:Austria
1334:Armenia
1329:Andorra
1324:Albania
703:Divorce
484:sibling
409:England
331:eloping
252:New Age
222:History
173:read in
82:scholar
1647:Jersey
1589:Kosovo
1556:Turkey
1546:Sweden
1526:Serbia
1516:Russia
1501:Poland
1496:Norway
1476:Monaco
1446:Latvia
1414:Greece
1399:France
1374:Cyprus
995:
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521:, the
461:bigamy
429:Gretna
417:Gretna
84:
77:
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63:
55:
1622:Åland
1541:Spain
1466:Malta
1436:Italy
1109:(PDF)
1098:(PDF)
588:Dates
583:c. 15
339:forge
259:dowry
130:kilts
128:wear
89:JSTOR
75:books
1269:2021
1247:2022
1217:2022
1187:2011
1161:2022
1131:link
1117:2022
1081:2021
1045:See
1022:2022
993:ISBN
972:ISBN
951:ISBN
917:ISBN
896:ISBN
859:ISBN
838:ISBN
799:2021
630:The
581:1977
451:The
298:Kirk
61:news
661:.
477:or
463:).
407:in
44:by
1669::
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