160:, Burgos early in 1812. He had been sent by the Spanish government to instruct new guerrillas. They married in March 1812. She participated in the battle of Vitoria on 21 June 1813. After the war Ibaibarriaga left the army. She and her husband went to live in Oña, where their son Francisco Asenjo Ibaibarriaga was born. A record of her post-war trial for banditry, at which she was acquitted, is held in the Historical Archives of Pamplona.
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dated 7 May 1883. It was said that her father and brother, who ran a pharmacy in Bilbao, were killed by the French in August 1808. This is almost certainly a later embellishment to her story. It is also untrue that she disguised herself as a man under the name of "Manuel
Martinez" or that after
133:". The next year Ibaibarriaga was in command of her own force of 50 men. The municipalities complained to the guerrilla leaders that her fighters were taking rations and supplies by force, without paying. As a result, the guerrillas of
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Many of the misconceptions about
Martina de Ibaibarriaga are due to her grandson, Ricardo Blanco Asenjo, who wrote a fictional story of his grandmother in the Madrid periodical
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The legend says that
Ibaibarriaga was commissioned in the Spanish army disguised as a man. She took the name of "Manuel MartĂnez". She is the only known example in the
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reaching the rank of captain her sex was discovered at the siege of
Zaragoza. It is known that she joined the guerrillas without hiding her sex, as did other women.
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110:(1807–14). A legend later grew up that she pretended to be a man, enlisted in the Spanish army, and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.
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201:. She reached the rank of lieutenant colonel. After the war Ibaibarriaga married Lieutenant FĂ©lix Asenjo, and they had several children.
129:. The French arrested and interrogated them, and found that Martina, dressed as a man, had joined the band of the guerrilla Belard, "
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149:, Isidoro Salazar and Ignacio de Cuevillas. Eight of Ibaibarriaga's men were executed by firing squad, but she was spared.
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in 1809 and her true identity was discovered. She fought in the battles of
Gamarra, Barbastro and notably in the
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gave her the honorary title of captain. In 1825 she was granted a state pension. She died in Oña on 6 June 1849.
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In
December 1977 a street in Vitoria was named after her. The street is wrongly named "Coronela Ibaibarriaga".
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Ibaibarriaga was allowed to serve under Longa for the remainder of the war. She joined the
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Cantos
Casenave, Marieta; Durán López, Fernando; Romero Ferrer, Alberto (2006).
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of a woman enlisting and serving as a man. She was seriously wounded during the
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410:(in Spanish). Eusko Ikaskuntzaren Euskomedia Fundazioa.
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La guerra de pluma: Sociedad, consumo y vida cotidiana
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Cantos
Casenave, Durán López & Romero Ferrer 2006
197:(Gasteiz), when she came to the attention of General
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MarĂa
Martina Ibaibarriaga Elorriaga was a native of
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QuiĂ©n es quiĂ©n en la historia del paĂs de los vascos
125:In 1810 Martina Ibaibarriaga's family was based in
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387:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 114.
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145:, Burgos. The leaders included Espoz y Mina,
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122:, Biscay. She was born on 26 January 1788.
337:(in Spanish). Servicio Publicaciones UCA.
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446:Sánchez Arreseigor, Juan José (2010).
102:(26 January 1788 – 6 June 1849) was a
381:Esdaile, Charles J. (7 August 2014).
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100:MarĂa Martina Ibaibarriaga Elorriaga
20:MarĂa Martina Ibaibarriaga Elorriaga
491:19th century in the Basque Country
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531:Spanish female military personnel
434:(in Spanish). Imprenta Real. 1825
402:Estornés Lasa, Mariano (2013).
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511:Women in 19th-century warfare
506:Female wartime cross-dressers
408:Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
526:People of the Peninsular War
486:19th-century Spanish people
384:Women in the Peninsular War
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366:(in Spanish). Txalaparta.
137:captured Ibaibarriaga in
191:Second Siege of Zaragoza
360:"Ibaibarriage, Martina"
249:Sánchez Arreseigor 2010
448:Vascos contra NapoleĂłn
404:"Martina Ibaibarriaga"
162:Ferdinand VII of Spain
135:Francisco Espoz y Mina
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516:Women in war in Spain
358:Egaña, Iñaki (2005).
276:Gaceta de Madrid 1825
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251:, pp. 182–185.
501:Spanish guerrillas
222:Estornés Lasa 2013
154:DivisiĂłn de Iberia
147:Francisco de Longa
106:leader during the
97:
457:978-84-9739-099-6
450:. Madrid: Actas.
394:978-0-8061-4764-2
373:978-84-8136-399-9
344:978-84-9828-221-4
195:Battle of Vitoria
104:Spanish guerrilla
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78:Guerilla leader
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36:26 January 1788
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187:Peninsular War
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55:(aged 61)
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521:Basque women
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436:. Retrieved
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419:. Retrieved
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348:. Retrieved
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300:Esdaile 2014
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264:Esdaile 2014
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178:El Imparcial
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53:(1849-06-06)
481:1849 deaths
476:1788 births
67:Nationality
51:6 June 1849
470:Categories
438:2015-09-29
421:2015-09-29
350:2015-09-29
288:Egaña 2005
205:References
199:Wellington
143:Villarcayo
75:Occupation
32:1788-01-26
416:2444-5487
131:El manco
324:Sources
139:MunguĂa
70:Spanish
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171:Legend
120:Berriz
86:Legend
40:Berriz
452:ISBN
412:ISSN
389:ISBN
368:ISBN
339:ISBN
114:Life
48:Died
26:Born
158:Oña
59:Oña
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
